Jiahe Cui, Fangfang Xie, Hongyu Yue, Chaoqun Xie, Jianwen Ma, Haotian Han, Min Fang, Fei Yao
Background: Constipation significantly impacts quality of life and is a common public health issue. For affected individuals, especially those who are inactive and experience constipation symptoms, it is recommended to engage in physical activity (PA) to improve their condition. However, the relationship between PA and improvement in constipation remains unclear. We performed this systematic review of cohort studies to evaluate this potential association.
Methods: We systematically searched the Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and CINAHL databases for all cohort studies examining the relationship between PA and constipation from the inception of the databases up to 5 November 2023. We calculated the reported risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), conducted a random effects model, and performed a subgroup analysis based on factors such as gender, geographic region, and PA intensity to comprehensively explore the link between PA and constipation. Furthermore, we used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to evaluate the quality of the studies included in our analysis.
Results: The analysis included 13 studies with 119 426 participants and 63 713 cases. The results indicated that higher levels of PA were associated with a decreased risk of constipation compared with lower levels of PA (RR = 0.69; 95% CI = 0.88-0.83) and moderate levels of PA (RR = 0.87; 95% CI = 0.79-0.95). Furthermore, adherence to international PA guidelines was correlated with a significantly reduced risk of constipation (RR = 0.87; 95% CI = 0.81-0.93). Notably, the risk of constipation was lowered among Asian populations (RR = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.56-0.79) and Oceanian populations (RR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.63-0.83) who engaged in regular PA. Moreover, when comparing the risk of constipation between men and women collectively, PA was associated with a 34% lower risk (RR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.55-0.80).
Conclusions: The study findings indicated that moderate to high levels of PA significantly reduced the risk of constipation, showing a negative correlation between PA and constipation.
Registration: PROSPERO: CRD42023479653.
背景:便秘严重影响生活质量,是一个常见的公共健康问题。对于受便秘影响的人,尤其是那些缺乏运动并伴有便秘症状的人,建议参加体育锻炼(PA)来改善他们的状况。然而,体力活动与便秘改善之间的关系仍不明确。我们对队列研究进行了系统回顾,以评估这种潜在的关联:我们在 Embase、Cochrane Library、PubMed 和 CINAHL 数据库中系统检索了从数据库建立之初到 2023 年 11 月 5 日期间所有研究 PA 与便秘之间关系的队列研究。我们计算了报告的风险比 (RR) 和 95% 置信区间 (CI),建立了随机效应模型,并根据性别、地理区域和 PA 强度等因素进行了亚组分析,以全面探讨 PA 与便秘之间的关系。此外,我们还使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表对纳入分析的研究进行了质量评估:分析包括 13 项研究,119 426 名参与者和 63 713 个病例。结果表明,与较低水平的 PA(RR = 0.69;95% CI = 0.88-0.83)和中等水平的 PA(RR = 0.87;95% CI = 0.79-0.95)相比,较高水平的 PA 与便秘风险的降低相关。此外,遵守国际 PA 指南与便秘风险显著降低相关(RR = 0.87;95% CI = 0.81-0.93)。值得注意的是,经常参加体育锻炼的亚洲人(RR = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.56-0.79)和大洋洲人(RR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.63-0.83)的便秘风险有所降低。此外,在比较男性和女性集体便秘的风险时,PA 与降低 34% 的风险相关(RR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.55-0.80):研究结果表明,中高水平的 PA 能显著降低便秘风险,显示 PA 与便秘之间存在负相关:PROCROPERO:CRD42023479653。
{"title":"Physical activity and constipation: A systematic review of cohort studies.","authors":"Jiahe Cui, Fangfang Xie, Hongyu Yue, Chaoqun Xie, Jianwen Ma, Haotian Han, Min Fang, Fei Yao","doi":"10.7189/jogh.14.04197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.14.04197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Constipation significantly impacts quality of life and is a common public health issue. For affected individuals, especially those who are inactive and experience constipation symptoms, it is recommended to engage in physical activity (PA) to improve their condition. However, the relationship between PA and improvement in constipation remains unclear. We performed this systematic review of cohort studies to evaluate this potential association.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically searched the Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and CINAHL databases for all cohort studies examining the relationship between PA and constipation from the inception of the databases up to 5 November 2023. We calculated the reported risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), conducted a random effects model, and performed a subgroup analysis based on factors such as gender, geographic region, and PA intensity to comprehensively explore the link between PA and constipation. Furthermore, we used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to evaluate the quality of the studies included in our analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis included 13 studies with 119 426 participants and 63 713 cases. The results indicated that higher levels of PA were associated with a decreased risk of constipation compared with lower levels of PA (RR = 0.69; 95% CI = 0.88-0.83) and moderate levels of PA (RR = 0.87; 95% CI = 0.79-0.95). Furthermore, adherence to international PA guidelines was correlated with a significantly reduced risk of constipation (RR = 0.87; 95% CI = 0.81-0.93). Notably, the risk of constipation was lowered among Asian populations (RR = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.56-0.79) and Oceanian populations (RR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.63-0.83) who engaged in regular PA. Moreover, when comparing the risk of constipation between men and women collectively, PA was associated with a 34% lower risk (RR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.55-0.80).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study findings indicated that moderate to high levels of PA significantly reduced the risk of constipation, showing a negative correlation between PA and constipation.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>PROSPERO: CRD42023479653.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"14 ","pages":"04197"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142689325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chih-Chi Yang, Yun-Ju Shih, Helen Ayles, Peter Godfrey-Faussett, Mareli Claassens, Hsien-Ho Lin
Background: Active case finding could effectively detect tuberculosis (TB) patients, but it can be costly. Therefore, a feasible, cost-saving, and efficient algorithm for community-based TB screening is needed.
Methods: The study population was based on a previous TB prevalence survey conducted in the Zambia/South Africa Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS Reduction trial. We developed predictive scoring models for HIV-positive and HIV-negative/unknown populations for practical purposes. We compared the cost-effectiveness of our models with that of WHO tools through average cost-effectiveness ratio (ACER) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.
Results: The prediction model for HIV-positive population presented higher area under the curve (AUC) = 0.652, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.602-0.701) than WHO-recommended four-symptom screen (AUC = 0.568, 95% CI = 0.524-0.612) among South African participants. The AUC of the model for HIV-negative/unknown population was 0.673 (95% CI = 0.648-0.697), which was higher than that of the WHO tools as well. The ACER of our model can range from 246 to 1670 USD per TB case detected in the South African communities.
Conclusions: The scoring system for active TB case finding presented a better performance and showed cost-effectiveness, which can provide new strategies for active TB case finding with multiple options under budget considerations.
背景:主动病例发现可有效发现肺结核(TB)患者,但成本高昂。因此,需要一种可行、节约成本且高效的社区结核病筛查算法:研究人群基于赞比亚/南非减少结核病和艾滋病毒/艾滋病试验之前进行的结核病流行率调查。出于实用目的,我们为 HIV 阳性和 HIV 阴性/未知人群开发了预测评分模型。我们通过平均成本效益比(ACER)和增量成本效益比比较了我们的模型和世界卫生组织工具的成本效益:在南非参与者中,HIV 阳性人群预测模型的曲线下面积(AUC)= 0.652,95% 置信区间(CI)= 0.602-0.701)高于世界卫生组织推荐的四症状筛查(AUC = 0.568,95% CI = 0.524-0.612)。对于 HIV 阴性/未知人群,模型的 AUC 为 0.673(95% CI = 0.648-0.697),也高于世界卫生组织工具的 AUC。在南非社区每发现一例肺结核病例,我们模型的 ACER 为 246 美元至 1670 美元不等:活动性肺结核病例发现评分系统具有更好的性能和成本效益,可为活动性肺结核病例发现提供新策略,并在考虑预算的情况下提供多种选择。
{"title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis of a prediction model for community-based screening of active tuberculosis.","authors":"Chih-Chi Yang, Yun-Ju Shih, Helen Ayles, Peter Godfrey-Faussett, Mareli Claassens, Hsien-Ho Lin","doi":"10.7189/jogh.14.04226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.14.04226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Active case finding could effectively detect tuberculosis (TB) patients, but it can be costly. Therefore, a feasible, cost-saving, and efficient algorithm for community-based TB screening is needed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study population was based on a previous TB prevalence survey conducted in the Zambia/South Africa Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS Reduction trial. We developed predictive scoring models for HIV-positive and HIV-negative/unknown populations for practical purposes. We compared the cost-effectiveness of our models with that of WHO tools through average cost-effectiveness ratio (ACER) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prediction model for HIV-positive population presented higher area under the curve (AUC) = 0.652, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.602-0.701) than WHO-recommended four-symptom screen (AUC = 0.568, 95% CI = 0.524-0.612) among South African participants. The AUC of the model for HIV-negative/unknown population was 0.673 (95% CI = 0.648-0.697), which was higher than that of the WHO tools as well. The ACER of our model can range from 246 to 1670 USD per TB case detected in the South African communities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The scoring system for active TB case finding presented a better performance and showed cost-effectiveness, which can provide new strategies for active TB case finding with multiple options under budget considerations.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"14 ","pages":"04226"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142689305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael N Onah, Gul Nawaz Khan, Sumra Kureishy, Jessica Bourdaire, Saskia de Pee, Cecilia Garzon, Yasir Ihtesham, Naveed Akbar, Sajid Bashir Soofi
Background: There is mixed evidence on the cost-effectiveness of cash transfers, along with food supplements and behaviour change communication interventions in improving child nutrition outcomes. To add to existing literature, we examined the cost-effectiveness of medium-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplement (LNS) and social and behaviour change communication (SBCC) messaging, separately and combined, compared to an existing unconditional cash transfers (UCT) programme in children 6-23 months of age in the district Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.
Methods: This was a four-arm, community-based cluster randomised controlled trial. The UCT provided a quarterly sum of USD 32, the medium-quantity LNS contained a daily ration of 50 g of LNS, and the SBCC included monthly and quarterly messaging on nutrition, health, and hygiene to eligible households. Cost data were collected from a provider perspective through the review of procurement invoices and budgets, as well as interviews with stakeholders. We examined cost-effectiveness via statistically significant differences between the intervention and control arms, and estimated as cost per case of stunting, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) averted at six and 18 months of intervention.
Results: Costs were higher for SBCC intervention combinations (UCT + SBCC and UCT + LNS + SBCC) due to high training costs for lady health workers. UCT + LNS achieved a reduction in stunting at a per-case cost of USDS 278.74 at six months and USD 897.15 at 18 months. UCT + LNS + SBCC achieved a reduction in stunting at per case cost of USD 846.48 at six months and USD 2324.58 at 18 months. The cost per DALYs averted for preventing stunting was USD 234 to USD 557.42 at six months, and USD 787.73 to USD 1537 at 18 months without discounting and age-weights.
Conclusions: Although the affordability of such interventions is arguable, combining UCTs with LNS appears to be very cost-effective for reducing undernutrition and averting DALYs, while combining cash transfers with LNS and SBCC showed limited cost-effectiveness when targeting stunting.
{"title":"The cost-effectiveness of a cash-based transfer, specialised nutritious food, and social and behaviour change communication intervention package to prevent undernutrition among children 6-23 months in Pakistan: A cluster randomised controlled trial.","authors":"Michael N Onah, Gul Nawaz Khan, Sumra Kureishy, Jessica Bourdaire, Saskia de Pee, Cecilia Garzon, Yasir Ihtesham, Naveed Akbar, Sajid Bashir Soofi","doi":"10.7189/jogh.14.04186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.14.04186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is mixed evidence on the cost-effectiveness of cash transfers, along with food supplements and behaviour change communication interventions in improving child nutrition outcomes. To add to existing literature, we examined the cost-effectiveness of medium-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplement (LNS) and social and behaviour change communication (SBCC) messaging, separately and combined, compared to an existing unconditional cash transfers (UCT) programme in children 6-23 months of age in the district Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a four-arm, community-based cluster randomised controlled trial. The UCT provided a quarterly sum of USD 32, the medium-quantity LNS contained a daily ration of 50 g of LNS, and the SBCC included monthly and quarterly messaging on nutrition, health, and hygiene to eligible households. Cost data were collected from a provider perspective through the review of procurement invoices and budgets, as well as interviews with stakeholders. We examined cost-effectiveness via statistically significant differences between the intervention and control arms, and estimated as cost per case of stunting, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) averted at six and 18 months of intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Costs were higher for SBCC intervention combinations (UCT + SBCC and UCT + LNS + SBCC) due to high training costs for lady health workers. UCT + LNS achieved a reduction in stunting at a per-case cost of USDS 278.74 at six months and USD 897.15 at 18 months. UCT + LNS + SBCC achieved a reduction in stunting at per case cost of USD 846.48 at six months and USD 2324.58 at 18 months. The cost per DALYs averted for preventing stunting was USD 234 to USD 557.42 at six months, and USD 787.73 to USD 1537 at 18 months without discounting and age-weights.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although the affordability of such interventions is arguable, combining UCTs with LNS appears to be very cost-effective for reducing undernutrition and averting DALYs, while combining cash transfers with LNS and SBCC showed limited cost-effectiveness when targeting stunting.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03299218.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"14 ","pages":"04186"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142689327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xi-Ru Guo, Yue-Long Ji, Shi-Yu Yan, Ting Shi, Kanittha Chamroonsawasdi, Jue Liu, Hai-Jun Wang
Background: Prioritising actions is urgently needed to address the stagnation of the global maternal mortality ratio (MMR). As most maternal deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), we aimed to assess the impact of scaling up health intervention coverage on reducing MMR under four scenarios for 26 LMICs.
Methods: We conducted a modelling study to estimate the MMR and additional maternal lives saved by intervention by 2030 for 26 LMICs using the Lives Saved Tool (LiST). We used four scenarios to assess the impact of scaling up health intervention coverage by no scale-up (no change), modest scale-up (increased by 2% per year), substantial scale-up (increased by 5% per year), and universal coverage (coverage reached 95% by 2030). We divided the selected 26 countries into three groups according to their MMR levels in 2020.
Results: Among 26 LMICs, six (23.1%) countries showed an increase in MMRs and 13 (50.0%) stalled on the reduction of MMR from 2015 to 2020. Under a substantial scale-up of coverage or scaling up to universal coverage, the average MMR in 2030 of 26 LMICs would be 62.8 or 52.8, reaching the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.1. Caesarean delivery, uterotonics for postpartum haemorrhage, and assisted vaginal delivery had a more important role in this reduction compared to other interventions.
Conclusions: Scaling up the coverage of health interventions is critical for reducing MMRs. If a substantial scale-up or scaling up to universal coverage of continuous maternity interventions from preconception to postpartum period can be achieved, LMICs in Southeast Asia and Western Pacific regions could reach the SDG 3.1 on time.
{"title":"Impact of scaling up health intervention coverage on reducing maternal mortality in 26 low- and middle-income countries: A modelling study.","authors":"Xi-Ru Guo, Yue-Long Ji, Shi-Yu Yan, Ting Shi, Kanittha Chamroonsawasdi, Jue Liu, Hai-Jun Wang","doi":"10.7189/jogh.14.04221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.14.04221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prioritising actions is urgently needed to address the stagnation of the global maternal mortality ratio (MMR). As most maternal deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), we aimed to assess the impact of scaling up health intervention coverage on reducing MMR under four scenarios for 26 LMICs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a modelling study to estimate the MMR and additional maternal lives saved by intervention by 2030 for 26 LMICs using the Lives Saved Tool (LiST). We used four scenarios to assess the impact of scaling up health intervention coverage by no scale-up (no change), modest scale-up (increased by 2% per year), substantial scale-up (increased by 5% per year), and universal coverage (coverage reached 95% by 2030). We divided the selected 26 countries into three groups according to their MMR levels in 2020.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 26 LMICs, six (23.1%) countries showed an increase in MMRs and 13 (50.0%) stalled on the reduction of MMR from 2015 to 2020. Under a substantial scale-up of coverage or scaling up to universal coverage, the average MMR in 2030 of 26 LMICs would be 62.8 or 52.8, reaching the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.1. Caesarean delivery, uterotonics for postpartum haemorrhage, and assisted vaginal delivery had a more important role in this reduction compared to other interventions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Scaling up the coverage of health interventions is critical for reducing MMRs. If a substantial scale-up or scaling up to universal coverage of continuous maternity interventions from preconception to postpartum period can be achieved, LMICs in Southeast Asia and Western Pacific regions could reach the SDG 3.1 on time.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"14 ","pages":"04221"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142689311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Considering the well-established link between experiencing violence in childhood and poor mental health, it is important to understand the role of contextual factors in which young people live, learn, work, and play. Evidence has highlighted the importance of work as a contextual factor in the lives of young people, but it is unclear whether being in work mitigates, entrenches, or exacerbates the association between violence against children and poor mental health.
Methods: This study is based on nationally representative data of males and females aged 13-24 years who completed the Violence Against Children Surveys in Nigeria, Uganda, and Colombia. We used multivariable logistic regression models to explore the association between lifetime violence and past 30-day mental distress, and explored whether working in the past year modified this association. All analyses were age- and sex-stratified and conducted separately in each country.
Results: We found a high prevalence of lifetime violence among young people in all three countries and strong associations between violence and mental distress. In Colombia, there was strong evidence (P-value for interaction = 0.014) that work in the past year (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.42; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.07-2.57) reduced the risk of mental distress among girls who had experienced violence compared to not working in the past year (aOR = 6.12; 95% CI = 2.60-14.41). There was also evidence among boys in Nigeria (P-value for interaction = 0.045), where there was a reduction in risk of mental distress among those not in work in the past year (aOR = 0.99; 95% CI = 0.46-2.13) compared to those in work in the past year (aOR = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.32-3.33). There was also a pattern of effect modification by work in the association between childhood violence and mental health in other population groups, with variation by country, sex, and age groups.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that work can mitigate, entrench, or exacerbate risk of mental distress among young people who have experienced violence, depending on their age, sex, and country of residence. While additional research is needed to explore these mechanisms, this highlights the importance of work as a contextual factor in the lives of young people and points to the need for safe and secure workplaces and the integration of context-specific interventions into workplaces for young people.
背景:考虑到童年时期遭受暴力侵害与心理健康状况不佳之间的联系已得到证实,了解青少年生活、学习、工作和娱乐环境因素的作用就显得尤为重要。有证据表明,工作是青少年生活中的一个重要环境因素,但目前还不清楚工作是否会减轻、巩固或加剧暴力侵害儿童与心理健康状况不佳之间的联系:本研究基于尼日利亚、乌干达和哥伦比亚具有全国代表性的 13-24 岁男性和女性数据,这些数据完成了暴力侵害儿童调查。我们使用多变量逻辑回归模型探讨了终生暴力与过去 30 天精神痛苦之间的关联,并探讨了过去一年工作是否会改变这种关联。所有分析均按年龄和性别进行了分层,并在每个国家分别进行:结果:我们发现,在所有三个国家的年轻人中,终生暴力发生率都很高,而且暴力与精神痛苦之间有很强的关联。在哥伦比亚,有强有力的证据表明(交互作用的 P 值 = 0.014),与过去一年不工作相比(aOR = 6.12;95% CI = 2.60-14.41),过去一年工作(调整后的几率比(aOR)= 0.42;95% 置信区间(CI)= 0.07-2.57)降低了遭受过暴力的女孩的精神压力风险。在尼日利亚的男孩中也有证据表明(交互作用的 P 值 = 0.045),与过去一年有工作的男孩(aOR = 2.10;95% CI = 1.32-3.33)相比,过去一年没有工作的男孩(aOR = 0.99;95% CI = 0.46-2.13)的精神压力风险有所降低。在其他人群中,童年暴力与心理健康之间的关系也存在因工作而改变的效应模式,不同国家、性别和年龄组的情况各不相同:我们的研究结果表明,工作会减轻、巩固或加剧遭受过暴力的青少年的精神痛苦风险,具体取决于他们的年龄、性别和居住国。虽然还需要更多的研究来探索这些机制,但这凸显了工作作为一个背景因素在年轻人生活中的重要性,并指出了安全可靠的工作场所以及将针对具体情况的干预措施纳入年轻人工作场所的必要性。
{"title":"Does work modify the relationship between violence and mental health among young people? Evidence from the Violence Against Children Surveys in Uganda, Nigeria and Colombia.","authors":"Jodie Pearlman, Harriet Morgan, Charles Opondo, Mathew Amollo, Jorge Cuartas, Amiya Bhatia","doi":"10.7189/jogh.14.04232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.14.04232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Considering the well-established link between experiencing violence in childhood and poor mental health, it is important to understand the role of contextual factors in which young people live, learn, work, and play. Evidence has highlighted the importance of work as a contextual factor in the lives of young people, but it is unclear whether being in work mitigates, entrenches, or exacerbates the association between violence against children and poor mental health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study is based on nationally representative data of males and females aged 13-24 years who completed the Violence Against Children Surveys in Nigeria, Uganda, and Colombia. We used multivariable logistic regression models to explore the association between lifetime violence and past 30-day mental distress, and explored whether working in the past year modified this association. All analyses were age- and sex-stratified and conducted separately in each country.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found a high prevalence of lifetime violence among young people in all three countries and strong associations between violence and mental distress. In Colombia, there was strong evidence (P-value for interaction = 0.014) that work in the past year (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.42; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.07-2.57) reduced the risk of mental distress among girls who had experienced violence compared to not working in the past year (aOR = 6.12; 95% CI = 2.60-14.41). There was also evidence among boys in Nigeria (P-value for interaction = 0.045), where there was a reduction in risk of mental distress among those not in work in the past year (aOR = 0.99; 95% CI = 0.46-2.13) compared to those in work in the past year (aOR = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.32-3.33). There was also a pattern of effect modification by work in the association between childhood violence and mental health in other population groups, with variation by country, sex, and age groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that work can mitigate, entrench, or exacerbate risk of mental distress among young people who have experienced violence, depending on their age, sex, and country of residence. While additional research is needed to explore these mechanisms, this highlights the importance of work as a contextual factor in the lives of young people and points to the need for safe and secure workplaces and the integration of context-specific interventions into workplaces for young people.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"14 ","pages":"04232"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142689307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jean-Marc Hoffmann, Annina Bauer, Regina Grossmann
Background: Clinical research is marked by its multifaceted nature, presenting a multitude of different approaches, designs, and objectives that can complicate the planning, initiation, and conduct of clinical trials. The role and organisation of the sponsor institution are pivotal in this context. We aimed to investigate possible challenges and needs, including their underlying factors, for academia and industry during the set-up and conduct of clinical trials.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey-based study within an international network of highly qualified academic research institutions (ARIs). The main outcome measures were the regulatory framework for clinical trials, scope and organisation of academic and industry-sponsored trials, funding sources of academic clinical trials, submission and approval process, as well as study conduct of academic vs. industry-sponsored trials.
Results: We surveyed employees of ARIs with extensive experience in phase I-IV clinical trials. All ARIs participated in academic clinical trials and 90% were involved in industry-sponsored trials. Respondents reported that academic trials faced greater challenges in communication with relevant institutional review boards/ethics committees and competent authorities compared to industry-sponsored trials. Additionally, academic trials were found to have significantly less financial support during their conduct. Specific challenges for academia vs. industry included 'insufficient personnel resources' (60% vs. 50%), 'recruitment problems' (60% vs. 78%) and 'lack of knowledge/experience' (35% vs. 11%).
Conclusions: Our findings indicate that industry-sponsored trials encounter fewer issues in set-up, funding, and trial conduct compared to academic trials. Improving collaboration between academic sponsors and ARIs is essential to address these challenges. ARIs provide critical support and guidance for academic researchers, not only in planning and implementing projects, but also in assessing feasibility and securing funding.
背景:临床研究具有多面性的特点,需要采用多种不同的方法、设计和目标,从而使临床试验的规划、启动和实施复杂化。在这种情况下,发起机构的作用和组织至关重要。我们的目的是调查学术界和产业界在临床试验的建立和实施过程中可能面临的挑战和需求,包括其背后的因素:我们在高水平学术研究机构(ARIs)的国际网络内开展了一项横向调查研究。主要结果指标包括临床试验的监管框架、学术界和产业界资助试验的范围和组织、学术界临床试验的资金来源、提交和审批流程,以及学术界与产业界资助试验的研究行为:我们对在 I-IV 期临床试验方面具有丰富经验的 ARI 员工进行了调查。所有的研究机构都参与了学术临床试验,90% 的研究机构参与了行业赞助的试验。受访者称,与行业赞助的试验相比,学术试验在与相关机构审查委员会/伦理委员会和主管部门沟通方面面临更大的挑战。此外,受访者还发现,学术试验在进行过程中获得的资金支持要少得多。学术界与产业界相比面临的具体挑战包括 "人力资源不足"(60% 对 50%)、"招聘问题"(60% 对 78%)和 "缺乏知识/经验"(35% 对 11%):我们的研究结果表明,与学术试验相比,行业赞助的试验在设立、资金和试验开展方面遇到的问题较少。要应对这些挑战,必须加强学术赞助者与 ARI 之间的合作。应用研究机构不仅在规划和实施项目方面,而且在评估可行性和获得资金方面,都为学术研究人员提供了重要的支持和指导。
{"title":"Academic vs. industry-sponsored trials: A global survey on differences, similarities, and future improvements.","authors":"Jean-Marc Hoffmann, Annina Bauer, Regina Grossmann","doi":"10.7189/jogh.14.04204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.14.04204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Clinical research is marked by its multifaceted nature, presenting a multitude of different approaches, designs, and objectives that can complicate the planning, initiation, and conduct of clinical trials. The role and organisation of the sponsor institution are pivotal in this context. We aimed to investigate possible challenges and needs, including their underlying factors, for academia and industry during the set-up and conduct of clinical trials.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional survey-based study within an international network of highly qualified academic research institutions (ARIs). The main outcome measures were the regulatory framework for clinical trials, scope and organisation of academic and industry-sponsored trials, funding sources of academic clinical trials, submission and approval process, as well as study conduct of academic vs. industry-sponsored trials.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We surveyed employees of ARIs with extensive experience in phase I-IV clinical trials. All ARIs participated in academic clinical trials and 90% were involved in industry-sponsored trials. Respondents reported that academic trials faced greater challenges in communication with relevant institutional review boards/ethics committees and competent authorities compared to industry-sponsored trials. Additionally, academic trials were found to have significantly less financial support during their conduct. Specific challenges for academia vs. industry included 'insufficient personnel resources' (60% vs. 50%), 'recruitment problems' (60% vs. 78%) and 'lack of knowledge/experience' (35% vs. 11%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings indicate that industry-sponsored trials encounter fewer issues in set-up, funding, and trial conduct compared to academic trials. Improving collaboration between academic sponsors and ARIs is essential to address these challenges. ARIs provide critical support and guidance for academic researchers, not only in planning and implementing projects, but also in assessing feasibility and securing funding.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"14 ","pages":"04204"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142689303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aniqa Tasnim Hossain, Ema Akter, Ridwana Maher Manna, Tasnu Ara, Md Alamgir Hossain, K M Tanvir, Md Hafizur Rahman, Abu Sayeed, Abu Bakkar Siddique, Bibek Ahamed, M Sabbir Haider, Sabrina Jabeen, Shafiqul Ameen, Mohammad Sohel Shomik, Anisuddin Ahmed, Luis Huicho, Alicia Matijasevich, Abdoulaye Maiga, Ahmed Ehsanur Rahman, Nadia Akseer, Shams El Arifeen, Agbessi Amouzou
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had substantially disrupted maternal health care provision and utilisation in Bangladesh. However, the extent of geographical disparities in service utilisation and how the health system withstood these challenges have not been studied. This study explores the divisional disparities in trends and disruptions in maternal health service utilisation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: Data was extracted from the District Health Information Software of Bangladesh from January 2017 to December 2021. We assessed the trend of first antenatal care visit, institutional delivery and number of caesarean sections over these years. We explored both the yearly and monthly trends to see the variations in the number of utilisations. Segmented regression with Poisson distribution was used to assess changes in service utilisation during the COVID-19 period. We reported incidence rate ratio (IRR) of service utilisation with a 95% confidence interval (CI) in different divisions during COVID-19 (2020-2021) compared to the reference period (2017-2019).
Results: Initially, a notable decline in maternal health care utilisation was observed in 2020 compared to the pre-pandemic period of 2017-2019. Divisional disparities were observed in this trend. Overall, compared to the pre-pandemic period, we observed around 30% decline in all three selected indicators of maternal health care. The lowest value was observed in Chattogram in 2020 (IRR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.55-0.79) and Rajshahi in 2021 (IRR = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.60-0.82). For institutional delivery, Barishal division had the lowest IRR (0.64; 95% CI = 0.60-0.68) in 2020 and, in 2021 Rajshahi had the lowest IRR (0.71; 95% CI = 0.60-0.82). For caesarean section, the lowest value was observed in Barishal division (IRR = 0.48; 95% CI = 0.44-0.53) in 2020 and in Mymensingh (IRR = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.32-0.43) in 2021. By 2021, the three maternal health care utilisation indicators demonstrated recovery.
Conclusions: The effect of the pandemic, including lockdown, on the selected maternal service utilisation was observed in Bangladesh though there were substantial geographic disparities. These disruptions slightly recovered after the initial shock. These results will support the government in preparing the national and regional health systems for future epidemics in Bangladesh.
{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 on the utilisation of maternal health services in Bangladesh: A division-level analysis.","authors":"Aniqa Tasnim Hossain, Ema Akter, Ridwana Maher Manna, Tasnu Ara, Md Alamgir Hossain, K M Tanvir, Md Hafizur Rahman, Abu Sayeed, Abu Bakkar Siddique, Bibek Ahamed, M Sabbir Haider, Sabrina Jabeen, Shafiqul Ameen, Mohammad Sohel Shomik, Anisuddin Ahmed, Luis Huicho, Alicia Matijasevich, Abdoulaye Maiga, Ahmed Ehsanur Rahman, Nadia Akseer, Shams El Arifeen, Agbessi Amouzou","doi":"10.7189/jogh.14.05040","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.14.05040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had substantially disrupted maternal health care provision and utilisation in Bangladesh. However, the extent of geographical disparities in service utilisation and how the health system withstood these challenges have not been studied. This study explores the divisional disparities in trends and disruptions in maternal health service utilisation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data was extracted from the District Health Information Software of Bangladesh from January 2017 to December 2021. We assessed the trend of first antenatal care visit, institutional delivery and number of caesarean sections over these years. We explored both the yearly and monthly trends to see the variations in the number of utilisations. Segmented regression with Poisson distribution was used to assess changes in service utilisation during the COVID-19 period. We reported incidence rate ratio (IRR) of service utilisation with a 95% confidence interval (CI) in different divisions during COVID-19 (2020-2021) compared to the reference period (2017-2019).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Initially, a notable decline in maternal health care utilisation was observed in 2020 compared to the pre-pandemic period of 2017-2019. Divisional disparities were observed in this trend. Overall, compared to the pre-pandemic period, we observed around 30% decline in all three selected indicators of maternal health care. The lowest value was observed in Chattogram in 2020 (IRR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.55-0.79) and Rajshahi in 2021 (IRR = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.60-0.82). For institutional delivery, Barishal division had the lowest IRR (0.64; 95% CI = 0.60-0.68) in 2020 and, in 2021 Rajshahi had the lowest IRR (0.71; 95% CI = 0.60-0.82). For caesarean section, the lowest value was observed in Barishal division (IRR = 0.48; 95% CI = 0.44-0.53) in 2020 and in Mymensingh (IRR = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.32-0.43) in 2021. By 2021, the three maternal health care utilisation indicators demonstrated recovery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The effect of the pandemic, including lockdown, on the selected maternal service utilisation was observed in Bangladesh though there were substantial geographic disparities. These disruptions slightly recovered after the initial shock. These results will support the government in preparing the national and regional health systems for future epidemics in Bangladesh.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"14 ","pages":"05040"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142689309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U Tin Nu, Jesmin Pervin, Monjur Rahman, Kazi Tamara B Kamal, Shaki Aktar, Fauzia A Huda, Shikha Ganguly, Shams El Arifeen, Lars Åke Persson, Anisur Rahman
Background: We aimed to evaluate the trend of post-term births over time and their association with perinatal mortality based on prospective pregnancy cohorts in a rural area in Bangladesh.
Methods: This cohort study included 72 373 singleton births with gestational ages ≥28 weeks recorded by a health and demographic surveillance system from 1990 to 2019 in Matlab, Bangladesh. We expressed the gestational age as X (weeks) + Y (days)/7 weeks, where X indicated complete weeks, and Y presented the number of completed days out of seven days or a week. Using Poisson regression with robust variances, we estimated the population-based proportion of post-term births and assessed the association between gestational age categories and perinatal mortality. We presented results by adjusted relative risk (aRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results: Post-term births declined from 5.8% in 1990 to 2.8% in 2019. Perinatal mortality declined from 58 to 27 per 1000 births from 1990 to 2019. Compared to full-term births (39 + 0/7 to 40 + 6/7 weeks), the aRRs of perinatal mortality were 1.39 for late-term (41 + 0/7 to 41 + 6/7 weeks) and 1.93 for post-term (≥42 + 0/7 weeks) births. The population-attributable fraction of perinatal mortality was 15% for births at ≥41 + 0/7 weeks out of the total perinatal deaths occurring at ≥39 gestation weeks.
Conclusions: In this rural setting in Bangladesh, we observed a decline in post-term birth proportions from 1990 to 2019. We found increased perinatal mortality when pregnancy continued beyond 40 + 6/7 weeks of gestation. This implies that planning the management of pregnant women approaching the post-term period may be needed to further improve perinatal health outcomes.
{"title":"A cohort study of the occurrence of post-term births and its association with perinatal mortality in a rural area in Bangladesh.","authors":"U Tin Nu, Jesmin Pervin, Monjur Rahman, Kazi Tamara B Kamal, Shaki Aktar, Fauzia A Huda, Shikha Ganguly, Shams El Arifeen, Lars Åke Persson, Anisur Rahman","doi":"10.7189/jogh.14.04238","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.14.04238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We aimed to evaluate the trend of post-term births over time and their association with perinatal mortality based on prospective pregnancy cohorts in a rural area in Bangladesh.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cohort study included 72 373 singleton births with gestational ages ≥28 weeks recorded by a health and demographic surveillance system from 1990 to 2019 in Matlab, Bangladesh. We expressed the gestational age as X (weeks) + Y (days)/7 weeks, where X indicated complete weeks, and Y presented the number of completed days out of seven days or a week. Using Poisson regression with robust variances, we estimated the population-based proportion of post-term births and assessed the association between gestational age categories and perinatal mortality. We presented results by adjusted relative risk (aRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Post-term births declined from 5.8% in 1990 to 2.8% in 2019. Perinatal mortality declined from 58 to 27 per 1000 births from 1990 to 2019. Compared to full-term births (39 + 0/7 to 40 + 6/7 weeks), the aRRs of perinatal mortality were 1.39 for late-term (41 + 0/7 to 41 + 6/7 weeks) and 1.93 for post-term (≥42 + 0/7 weeks) births. The population-attributable fraction of perinatal mortality was 15% for births at ≥41 + 0/7 weeks out of the total perinatal deaths occurring at ≥39 gestation weeks.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this rural setting in Bangladesh, we observed a decline in post-term birth proportions from 1990 to 2019. We found increased perinatal mortality when pregnancy continued beyond 40 + 6/7 weeks of gestation. This implies that planning the management of pregnant women approaching the post-term period may be needed to further improve perinatal health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"14 ","pages":"04238"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11565093/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142629735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Olfactory dysfunction has been suggested to be associated with all-cause mortality. Yet, there is a lack of large-scale cohorts to study this relationship.
Methods: Using data from the Kailuan cohort, we assessed 97 327 Chinese adults for perceived olfactory dysfunction at baseline and gathered mortality data from government records. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to analyse the risk of all-cause mortality associated with perceived olfactory dysfunction, yielding hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with adjustment for multiple potential confounders.
Results: Over a median follow-up of 6.4-year, we recorded a total of 3903 deaths. Individuals reporting perceived olfactory dysfunction had a higher risk of mortality (adjusted HR = 1.42; 95% CI = 1.02-2.00) compared to those without the dysfunction. In sensitivity analyses, we found similar results after excluding participants with pre-existing obesity, cardiovascular diseases, those younger than 50 years old, individuals diagnosed with cancer or stroke during follow-up, and those who died within two years of follow-up.
Conclusions: Perceived olfactory dysfunction was associated with a high risk of all-cause mortality among Chinese adults. Our study is limited by failure to include a national-representative sample and misclassification of exposure assessment due to use of a subjective question to assess olfactory dysfunction. Further studies with objective are warranted to replicate our findings and understand the underlying mechanisms.
{"title":"Association between perceived olfactory dysfunction and all-cause mortality in Chinese adults: A prospective community-based study.","authors":"Zhicheng Zhang, Yesong Liu, Yaqi Li, Tingting Geng, Shuohua Chen, Shouling Wu, Xiang Gao","doi":"10.7189/jogh.14.04237","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.14.04237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Olfactory dysfunction has been suggested to be associated with all-cause mortality. Yet, there is a lack of large-scale cohorts to study this relationship.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from the Kailuan cohort, we assessed 97 327 Chinese adults for perceived olfactory dysfunction at baseline and gathered mortality data from government records. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to analyse the risk of all-cause mortality associated with perceived olfactory dysfunction, yielding hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with adjustment for multiple potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a median follow-up of 6.4-year, we recorded a total of 3903 deaths. Individuals reporting perceived olfactory dysfunction had a higher risk of mortality (adjusted HR = 1.42; 95% CI = 1.02-2.00) compared to those without the dysfunction. In sensitivity analyses, we found similar results after excluding participants with pre-existing obesity, cardiovascular diseases, those younger than 50 years old, individuals diagnosed with cancer or stroke during follow-up, and those who died within two years of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Perceived olfactory dysfunction was associated with a high risk of all-cause mortality among Chinese adults. Our study is limited by failure to include a national-representative sample and misclassification of exposure assessment due to use of a subjective question to assess olfactory dysfunction. Further studies with objective are warranted to replicate our findings and understand the underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"14 ","pages":"04237"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11565469/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142629819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hongbo Dong, Hong Cheng, Jingfan Xiong, Li Liu, Yiwen Huang, Xinying Shan, Hongmin Fan, Xi Wang, Xia Wang, Pei Xiao, Fangfang Chen, Jie Mi
Background: The global obesity epidemic of all ages has increased the demand for accurate management of body fat in each stage of life. The primary aim of this study was to provide reference centiles of body fat indices for Chinese children and adults and compare those with ethnicities from USA using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA).
Methods: The samples were drawn from two nationwide cross-sectional surveys of China Body Composition Life-course Study (2013-2023) and the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2018). Age- and sex-specific centile curves were generated for a set of fat measurements, including total fat mass (FM), fat mass index (FMI), body fat percentage (BF%), trunk-to-leg fat ratio (TLR), android-to-gynoid fat ratio (AGR) and visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratio (VSR), using the general additive model for location scale and shape method.
Results: The age-related variations from childhood to adulthood were generally similar among Chinese, Non-Hispanic Whites, Non-Hispanic Blacks and Mexican American population, with distinct levels across races and ethnicities. For whole-body fat (FM, FMI, and BF%), Mexican American population consistently presented the highest levels before 40 years old, followed by Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black and Chinese individuals. For central fats indices, although the TLR and AGR levels in Chinese males were second to Mexican American counterparts in most stages of life, the VSR was much higher in Chinese than other races and ethnicities from eight years old.
Conclusions: DXA-based centiles for body fat quantity and distribution in Chinese population aged 3-60 years old were presented, and their differences with other race and ethnicity were noted across periods from early childhood to middle adulthood. Our findings will promote age-, sex- and ethnic-specific assessment of life-course body fat and obesity-related risks in clinical practice.
{"title":"Body fat variation and redistribution across different stages of life measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.","authors":"Hongbo Dong, Hong Cheng, Jingfan Xiong, Li Liu, Yiwen Huang, Xinying Shan, Hongmin Fan, Xi Wang, Xia Wang, Pei Xiao, Fangfang Chen, Jie Mi","doi":"10.7189/jogh.14.04247","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.14.04247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The global obesity epidemic of all ages has increased the demand for accurate management of body fat in each stage of life. The primary aim of this study was to provide reference centiles of body fat indices for Chinese children and adults and compare those with ethnicities from USA using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The samples were drawn from two nationwide cross-sectional surveys of China Body Composition Life-course Study (2013-2023) and the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2018). Age- and sex-specific centile curves were generated for a set of fat measurements, including total fat mass (FM), fat mass index (FMI), body fat percentage (BF%), trunk-to-leg fat ratio (TLR), android-to-gynoid fat ratio (AGR) and visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratio (VSR), using the general additive model for location scale and shape method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The age-related variations from childhood to adulthood were generally similar among Chinese, Non-Hispanic Whites, Non-Hispanic Blacks and Mexican American population, with distinct levels across races and ethnicities. For whole-body fat (FM, FMI, and BF%), Mexican American population consistently presented the highest levels before 40 years old, followed by Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black and Chinese individuals. For central fats indices, although the TLR and AGR levels in Chinese males were second to Mexican American counterparts in most stages of life, the VSR was much higher in Chinese than other races and ethnicities from eight years old.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>DXA-based centiles for body fat quantity and distribution in Chinese population aged 3-60 years old were presented, and their differences with other race and ethnicity were noted across periods from early childhood to middle adulthood. Our findings will promote age-, sex- and ethnic-specific assessment of life-course body fat and obesity-related risks in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"14 ","pages":"04247"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11565468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142629831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}