Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment最新文献_第2页

Road networks and food price volatility 道路网络和粮食价格波动

IF 9.6 1区经济学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100884

Lixia H. Lambert , John P. Schoeneman Jr. , Dayton M. Lambert , Marten W. Brienen

Understanding and mitigating the spatial and temporal volatility of agricultural commodity prices remains a critical yet challenging task. Fluctuations in food and agricultural commodity prices exacerbate food insecurity and impact farmers worldwide. This research examines the impact of road network measures on the volatility of agricultural commodity prices. We utilized monthly price data from the FAO Food Price Monitoring and Analysis Tool, which encompasses 236 markets across 60 countries, for eight food groups comprising 36 commodity categories, from 2015 to 2023. For each market, we constructed road network measures, including road density, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality, using data from the Global Roads Inventory Project and a 2015 population density raster, both gridded at 2.5 arcminutes. The regression results show that markets located near denser, better-connected road networks tend to exhibit lower food price volatility. However, the local advantages of road networks on price stability vary significantly depending on the food group and specific network measures: bread and oil markets tend to be destabilized by centralization, while beans and vegetables are stabilized. No consistent or statistically significant effects are observed for grains, roots, or animal food groups across all network centrality measures. Findings highlight the complex and heterogeneous relationship between transportation infrastructure and food price volatility, as well as the need for regionally and commodity specific infrastructure policies to mitigate food price volatility.

了解和减轻农产品价格的时空波动仍然是一项关键而具有挑战性的任务。粮食和农产品价格的波动加剧了粮食不安全，并影响到全世界的农民。本研究探讨道路网络措施对农产品价格波动的影响。我们使用了粮农组织食品价格监测和分析工具的月度价格数据，该工具涵盖60个国家的236个市场，涵盖8个食品类别，包括36个商品类别，从2015年到2023年。对于每个市场，我们使用来自全球道路清单项目和2015年人口密度光栅的数据构建了道路网络测量，包括道路密度、接近中心性和中间中心性，两者的网格均为2.5弧分。回归结果表明，位于密集、连接良好的道路网络附近的市场往往表现出更低的粮食价格波动。然而，道路网络对价格稳定的地方优势因食品类别和具体网络措施的不同而有很大差异：面包和油市场往往因集中而不稳定，而豆类和蔬菜则稳定。在所有网络中心性测量中，没有观察到谷物、根茎类或动物性食物组的一致或统计上显著的影响。研究结果强调了运输基础设施与粮食价格波动之间的复杂和异质性关系，以及制定针对特定区域和商品的基础设施政策以减轻粮食价格波动的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Physical understanding of food systems towards sustainability with material flow analysis: A critical review 通过物质流分析对食品系统的可持续性的物理理解：一个重要的回顾

IF 9.6 1区经济学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100896

Zhuang Qian , Wu Chen , Li Xue , Andrea Adelmo Della Penna , Jeanine Ammann , Carole Liechti , Dario Dongo , Gang Liu

Transforming food systems is essential for global sustainability and requires understanding from both socioeconomic and physical dimensions. However, sustainable food systems literature is largely dominated by socioeconomic dimension, while physical understanding of food systems remains limited. Such physical characterisation is often done using material flow analysis (MFA) to explore and quantify flows from farm to fork. This quantification translates food system dynamics into comparable and transparent metrics, making MFA a crucial tool in driving an efficient transformation. Here, using a critical literature review, we analysed 127 agrifood MFA studies on their systems, data, and indicators. We characterized food supply chain into five stages (primary production, processing and manufacturing, trade, distribution and retailing, and public and household consumption) and found very few covered all stages (16 studies). Among all stages, primary production was the most studied (99 studies), while distribution and retailing was the least studied (33 studies). Existing studies covered 12 food categories, primarily focusing on cereals (52 %), vegetables (46 %), and meats (43 %), with less attention on dairy products (34 %). Only 34 studies have a single food category resolution, while most aggregated multiple categories together. We found that over half of agrifood MFAs used data only from secondary sources (e.g., statistics), whereas less than 20 % used exclusively primary data. Agrifood MFAs commonly used indicators of substance, food, and bio-nutrient to quantify biomass associated flows, informing key food systems issues like nutrient circularity and waste management. Accordingly, we call for research on full chain MFAs, single food category analyses, and the use of more targeted datasets.

粮食系统转型对全球可持续性至关重要，需要从社会经济和物质两方面进行理解。然而，可持续粮食系统的文献在很大程度上是由社会经济维度主导的，而对粮食系统的物理理解仍然有限。这种物理特征通常使用物料流分析（MFA）来探索和量化从农场到餐桌的流动。这种量化将粮食系统动态转化为可比较和透明的指标，使MFA成为推动有效转型的关键工具。本文通过文献综述，分析了127项农业食品MFA研究的系统、数据和指标。我们将食品供应链分为五个阶段（初级生产、加工和制造、贸易、分销和零售以及公共和家庭消费），发现很少有研究涵盖所有阶段（16项研究）。在所有阶段中，对初级生产的研究最多（99项研究），对分销和零售的研究最少（33项研究）。现有的研究涵盖了12种食物类别，主要集中在谷物（52% %）、蔬菜（46% %）和肉类（43% %），较少关注乳制品（34% %）。只有34项研究有单一的食物类别，而大多数研究将多个类别合并在一起。我们发现，超过一半的农业食品MFAs仅使用二手来源的数据（例如统计数据），而不到20% %的MFAs完全使用原始数据。农业食品MFAs通常使用物质、食品和生物营养素指标来量化与生物质相关的流动，为营养循环和废物管理等关键粮食系统问题提供信息。因此，我们呼吁研究全链mfa，单一食品类别分析，并使用更有针对性的数据集。

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引用次数: 0

The protein transition into context – the impact of dietary shifts in different countries on nutritional adequacy of diets 蛋白质过渡到上下文-不同国家的饮食变化对饮食营养充足性的影响

IF 9.6 1区经济学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100895

R.P.M. Cardinaals , G. Bubnyte , T. Huppertz

The term ‘protein transition’ is used to address a dietary shift from animal-source foods (ASF) to plant-source foods (PSF). This indirectly implies a focus on protein as the main nutrient of concern to reduce food-related pressures on the environment and tackle unhealthy diets. In a Western context, there is growing consensus that a protein transition is indeed favorable but it can be misinterpreted as a uniform solution, and specificity for low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) are lacking. This study examined the nutritional implications of replacing currently consumed ASF with PSF to achieve diets that align with the protein transition, for low-, middle- and high-income countries. Using data from dietary surveys as a starting point, we stepwise replaced currently consumed ASF with currently consumed PSF to either meet current energy intake, or current total protein intake. The results show that substituting ASF either increased the nutrient adequacy gaps for eight out of nine studied nutrients when maintaining current energy intake, or largely increased energy intake when maintaining current total protein intake. More importantly, nutrient adequacy of current and alternative diets showed large variability among countries, age- and gender groups, while culturally specific (animal-source) foods were an important source of nutrients. There is no uniform solution for sustainable healthy diets, and rather research in this area should consider nutritional needs of the target population and culture specific food habits.

“蛋白质转化”一词用于描述从动物源食品（ASF）到植物源食品（PSF）的饮食转变。这间接意味着要把重点放在蛋白质这一主要营养素上，以减少与食物有关的环境压力和解决不健康饮食问题。在西方，越来越多的人认为蛋白质转化确实是有利的，但它可能被误解为一种统一的解决方案，并且缺乏针对低收入和中等收入国家（LMIC）的特异性。本研究调查了在低收入、中等收入和高收入国家，用PSF取代目前食用的ASF以实现与蛋白质过渡相一致的饮食的营养意义。以饮食调查数据为起点，我们逐步将当前消耗的ASF替换为当前消耗的PSF，以满足当前的能量摄入或当前的总蛋白质摄入量。结果表明，在维持当前能量摄入量的情况下，替代ASF增加了9种研究营养素中8种的营养充足性缺口，或者在维持当前总蛋白质摄入量的情况下，大大增加了能量摄入量。更重要的是，当前和替代饮食的营养充足性在国家、年龄和性别群体之间存在很大差异，而具有文化特异性（动物源）的食物是重要的营养来源。可持续健康饮食没有统一的解决方案，这一领域的研究应考虑目标人群的营养需求和文化特定的饮食习惯。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing the impact of hydrological extremes on food security from post-disaster reporting 通过灾后报告评估水文极端事件对粮食安全的影响

IF 9.6 1区经济学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100889

Nikolas Galli, Camilla Govoni, Maria Cristina Rulli

Climate change can potentially drive variations in the frequency and magnitude of hydrological extremes, and in turn, the impact these events have on agriculture. Agricultural damage resulting from extreme events can significantly affect food security at multiple scales, especially in contexts where pre-existing unfavorable social and economic conditions already hinder the stability and the effectiveness of the food supply chain. In these contexts, formulating approaches to directly quantify food security impacts of extreme events in a way that is compatible with local data availability, but at the same time reliable and transparent, becomes a crucial and urgent matter. Moreover, while the importance of the multifaceted repercussions of agricultural damage on food security has been highlighted in the current literature, investigations on impacts other than reduced crop availability remain understudied. Here, we propose a methodology to derive metrics of food availability, access, and utilization impacts from post-disaster assessments, by putting the affected communities at the core of the analysis, providing perspectives on food stability impacts. We apply the methodology to the severe floods that affected Malawi in the early months of 2015. We find that agricultural losses correspond to food sufficient for feeding more than 300,000 people and for balancing the diet of almost 2.3 million. Food security impacts also appear to disproportionately hit poorer and less food-secure districts. Despite necessary simplifications and associated limitations, the proposed methodology is easily replicable in other post-disaster contexts, allowing to provide more insightful information to policy and practice aimed at post-disaster food security management and restoration.

气候变化可能会导致极端水文事件发生的频率和程度发生变化，进而影响这些事件对农业的影响。极端事件造成的农业破坏可以在多个层面上严重影响粮食安全，特别是在先前不利的社会和经济条件已经阻碍粮食供应链的稳定性和有效性的情况下。在这种情况下，制定方法，直接量化极端事件对粮食安全的影响，既要与当地可用数据兼容，又要可靠和透明，这是一项至关重要和紧迫的任务。此外，虽然目前的文献强调了农业破坏对粮食安全的多方面影响的重要性，但对作物产量减少以外的影响的调查仍未得到充分研究。在这里，我们提出了一种方法，通过将受影响社区置于分析的核心，从粮食稳定性影响的角度出发，从灾后评估中得出粮食供应、获取和利用影响的指标。我们将该方法应用于2015年初影响马拉维的严重洪水。我们发现，农业损失相当于足以养活30多万人和平衡近230万人饮食的粮食。粮食安全的影响似乎也不成比例地打击了较贫穷和粮食不安全的地区。尽管有必要的简化和相关的限制，所提出的方法很容易在其他灾后情况下复制，从而为旨在灾后粮食安全管理和恢复的政策和实践提供更有见地的信息。

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引用次数: 0

Measuring agricultural sustainability: Revisiting Sustainable Development Goal Indicator 2.4.1 and its proxy 衡量农业可持续性：重新审视可持续发展目标指标2.4.1及其替代指标

IF 9.6 1区经济学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100887

Suyu Liu

Sustainable agriculture is a central target of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with the development of SDG Indicator 2.4.1 to assess the progress towards sustainable agriculture at national and global levels. A 2023 article published in Global Food Security highlighted both the strengths and limitations of this indicator. Since then, despite the tremendous efforts from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the low availability of data has been a challenge for measuring agricultural sustainability with SDG Indicator 2.4.1.

One of the most notable efforts to address the persistent issue of low data availability is the development of a proxy indicator coordinated by FAO, the custodian agency of SDG Indicator 2.4.1. This perspective article examines the contributions and limitations of the proxy, which uses seven sub-indicators to assess both current status and trends in agricultural sustainability. The proxy significantly improves data availability and enables trend analysis and sub-indicator-level comparisons. However, concerns remain about the ambiguity in its scoring methodology and the penalization of missing data, which may disproportionately affect countries with relatively weaker statistical capacity. This article offers suggestions for improving the proxy's design and implementation, especially alternative methods of treating missing data and wider participation in its further updates with more consideration of national statistical capacity. It also highlights opportunities for future research on cross-SDG interactions and the integration of local knowledge. While the proxy offers a practical interim solution, continued efforts to strengthen national statistical systems remain essential for fully realizing the intent of SDG Indicator 2.4.1.

可持续农业是可持续发展目标（SDG）的核心目标，可持续发展目标指标2.4.1的制定旨在评估国家和全球层面在可持续农业方面的进展。《全球粮食安全》杂志2023年发表的一篇文章强调了这一指标的优势和局限性。从那时起，尽管联合国粮食及农业组织做出了巨大努力，但数据可用性低一直是用可持续发展目标指标2.4.1衡量农业可持续性的一个挑战。为解决数据可用性低这一长期存在的问题，最引人注目的努力之一是制定一项由可持续发展目标指标2.4.1的托管机构粮农组织协调的代理指标。这篇前瞻性文章考察了代理的贡献和局限性，该代理使用七个子指标来评估农业可持续性的现状和趋势。该代理显著提高了数据的可用性，并支持趋势分析和子指标级别的比较。然而，仍然令人关切的是，它的计分方法含糊不清，对缺少数据的惩罚可能不成比例地影响到统计能力相对较弱的国家。本文提出了改进代理的设计和实施的建议，特别是处理缺失数据的替代方法，以及在更多地考虑国家统计能力的情况下更广泛地参与其进一步更新。它还强调了未来研究跨可持续发展目标相互作用和地方知识整合的机会。虽然代理提供了一个切实可行的临时解决方案，但继续努力加强国家统计系统对于充分实现可持续发展目标指标2.4.1的意图仍然至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Conceptualizing circularity in urban food systems: A scoping review 概念化循环在城市粮食系统：范围审查

IF 9.6 1区经济学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100893

Emily Olsson

Circularity in urban food systems is increasingly recognized as a promising approach to improve sustainability by reducing waste and closing resource loops. Using a structured search and selection process, 89 peer-reviewed articles were identified and analyzed to determine current research trends, geographic focus, disciplinary backgrounds, methodological approaches, as well as potential benefits and risks. The review revealed that research on circular urban food systems (CUFS) is dominated by environmental and technical studies, particularly in the Global North, with a strong focus on urban agricultural production and waste re-use/valorization. However, the midstream portions of the food value chain (processing, distribution, retail, and consumption) are significantly underexplored, representing a critical gap. Geographically, there is an imbalance in the research, with the majority of studies concentrating on European cities, while fewer studies focus on the Global South. The social and economic dimensions of CUFS, including food security, market development, and livelihood improvements, remain underrepresented, highlighting the need for more interdisciplinary research and frameworks that integrate these aspects. Furthermore, potential risks related to health and safety, governance, and logistical challenges in CUFS have been insufficiently examined. The findings suggest that while CUFS holds great potential for contributing to sustainability, there is a need for more comprehensive and context-sensitive research. Expanding the scope of studies to include social and economic outcomes, addressing the midstream value chain, and focusing on underrepresented regions are essential to fully realize the potential benefits of circular urban food systems for sustainable development.

城市粮食系统的循环越来越被认为是通过减少浪费和关闭资源循环来提高可持续性的一种有希望的方法。通过结构化的检索和选择过程，对89篇同行评议文章进行了识别和分析，以确定当前的研究趋势、地理重点、学科背景、方法方法以及潜在的利益和风险。审查表明，关于城市循环粮食系统的研究主要是环境和技术研究，特别是在全球北方，重点是城市农业生产和废物再利用/增值。然而，食品价值链的中游部分（加工、分销、零售和消费）尚未得到充分开发，这是一个严重的缺口。在地理上，研究存在不平衡，大多数研究集中在欧洲城市，而很少有研究关注全球南方。CUFS的社会和经济层面，包括粮食安全、市场开发和改善生计，仍然没有得到充分的体现，这突出表明需要更多的跨学科研究和整合这些方面的框架。此外，尚未充分审查与卫生和安全、治理和后勤挑战有关的潜在风险。研究结果表明，虽然CUFS在促进可持续性方面具有巨大潜力，但仍需要进行更全面和对环境敏感的研究。扩大研究范围以包括社会和经济成果，解决价值链中游问题，并关注代表性不足的地区，对于充分实现城市循环粮食系统对可持续发展的潜在效益至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Striving for food security in a fragile and conflict-affected situation: The unintended consequences of delivering intended outcomes in Afghanistan 在脆弱和受冲突影响的局势中争取粮食安全：在阿富汗实现预期成果的意外后果

IF 9.6 1区经济学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100890

Angus Alexander Davidson, John Leake, Di Zeng, Patrick O'Connor

Efforts to improve food security through agricultural development in fragile and conflict-affected situations (FCAS) can generate both intended and unintended outcomes. This study investigates yield trends and potential spillover effects associated with the Afghanistan Agricultural Support Programme (ASP), a development aid initiative implemented in Bamyan Province from 2011 to 2017. We combined household survey data from 110 farmers, collected in June 2021, with a 10-year time series of normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) imagery, capturing seasonal mean peak values calibrated to wheat-growing periods, to examine yield patterns among target and non-target populations. NDVI pixel values were aggregated at the valley level and analysed across four categories: target areas, geographically or economically close areas, remote areas, and farmer-reported spillover zones. The analysis revealed convergence of NDVI values between target and non-target valleys during and after the programme period, consistent with the diffusion of improved seed or agronomic practices. These associations are consistent with potential spillover related to the programme's diffusion effects. While such diffusion may enhance food security, it may also carry political implications where programme benefits extend into areas that were intentionally excluded from direct implementation. Monitoring aid diffusion in FCAS thus requires attention to agronomic impact and its intersection with local governance dynamics. Integrating geospatial monitoring and conflict-sensitive evaluation frameworks could strengthen future programming in FCAS.

在脆弱和受冲突影响地区通过农业发展改善粮食安全的努力可能产生有意和无意的结果。本研究调查了2011年至2017年在巴米扬省实施的一项发展援助倡议——阿富汗农业支持计划（ASP）的产量趋势和潜在溢出效应。我们将2021年6月收集的110名农民的家庭调查数据与标准化植被指数（NDVI） 10年时间序列图像相结合，获取经小麦生长期校准的季节平均峰值，以研究目标和非目标人群的产量模式。NDVI像素值在山谷水平上汇总，并分四类进行分析：目标地区、地理或经济上接近的地区、偏远地区和农民报告的溢出区。分析显示，在方案期间和之后，目标谷和非目标谷之间的NDVI值趋于一致，这与改良种子或农艺做法的传播相一致。这些关联与该计划扩散效应的潜在溢出是一致的。虽然这种扩散可以加强粮食安全，但也可能产生政治影响，因为计划的好处延伸到有意排除在直接执行之外的地区。因此，监测援助在FCAS中的扩散需要关注农艺影响及其与地方治理动态的交集。将地理空间监测和对冲突敏感的评价框架结合起来可以加强FCAS今后的规划工作。

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引用次数: 0

Maize varietal turnover in eastern Africa: Current challenges and future research directions 东非玉米品种周转：当前挑战与未来研究方向

IF 9.6 1区经济学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100888

Hugo De Groote , Sarah W. Kariuki , Michael K. Ndegwa , Mercy Mbugua , Walter Chivasa , Moti Jaleta

引用次数: 0

How does migration affect the food security and health of children and adults ? 移徙如何影响儿童和成人的粮食安全和健康？

IF 9.6 1区经济学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100879

Yuhan Zhao , Fang Xia , Xiande Li , Chen Qian , Shenggen Fan

Food security and nutrition are crucial for well-being and global development, as emphasized by Sustainable Development Goal 2. Nevertheless, low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) continue to face significant challenges related to food insecurity and malnutrition, adversely affecting health throughout the life course—from impaired child development to increased risks of non-communicable diseases in adults. Meanwhile, international migration has emerged as a key livelihood strategy in these regions. While research has explored migration's impact on household well-being, its complex interactions with food security, nutrition, and health across different household members remain underexplored. This study investigates how international migration affects the food security, nutrition, and health of left-behind households in rural Tajikistan. Using a large-scale dataset of 10,742 households and an instrumental variable approach, we find that migration significantly enhances food purchasing power, increases macronutrient intake, and improves diet quality and quantity. While children's health outcomes improve, the incidence of diet-related chronic diseases among adults rises. We also identify nonlinear relationships between migration duration and calorie intake (inverted U-shaped) and the General Dietary Quality Score (U-shaped), reflecting patterns observed in adult hypertension. These findings suggest that Tajikistan and other LMICs should implement policies to promote employment opportunities for rural households to improve food security and nutrition. Additionally, targeted interventions are necessary to ensure balanced nutrition and health education for migrant-sending communities and households with migrants.

正如可持续发展目标2所强调的那样，粮食安全和营养对人类福祉和全球发展至关重要。然而，低收入和中等收入国家继续面临与粮食不安全和营养不良有关的重大挑战，对整个生命过程的健康产生不利影响——从儿童发育受损到成人非传染性疾病风险增加。与此同时，国际移民已成为这些地区的一项关键生计战略。虽然研究已经探讨了移民对家庭福祉的影响，但其与不同家庭成员之间粮食安全、营养和健康的复杂相互作用仍未得到充分探讨。本研究探讨国际移民如何影响塔吉克斯坦农村留守家庭的粮食安全、营养和健康。利用10,742个家庭的大规模数据集和工具变量方法，我们发现迁移显著提高了食品购买力，增加了宏量营养素的摄入量，并改善了饮食质量和数量。虽然儿童的健康状况有所改善，但成年人中与饮食有关的慢性病的发病率却在上升。我们还确定了迁移时间与卡路里摄入量（倒u形）和一般饮食质量评分（u形）之间的非线性关系，反映了在成人高血压中观察到的模式。这些研究结果表明，塔吉克斯坦和其他中低收入国家应实施政策，促进农村家庭就业机会，以改善粮食安全和营养。此外，有针对性的干预措施是必要的，以确保向移徙者派遣社区和移徙者家庭提供均衡的营养和健康教育。

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引用次数: 0

Resilient and inclusive rural transformation: Pathways towards improved nutrition 韧性和包容性农村转型：改善营养的途径

IF 9.8 1区经济学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100871

Ramya Ambikapathi , Kaleab Baye , Romina Cavatassi , Kate Schneider Lecy , Benjamin Davis , Lynnette M. Neufeld

Rural transformation refers to a shift in rural economies from predominantly subsistence-oriented production with low incomes to more productive, diversified activities integrated into national markets. Such transformation has spurred economic growth, reduced poverty, and facilitated nutrition transition. However, the associated agrifood systems have proven largely unsustainable, as they are subject to biodiversity loss, increased global warming, and mixed impacts on dietary and nutrition outcomes. This paper combines multi-disciplinary reflections on the pathways towards more resilient and inclusive rural transformation. We first identify four well-established nutrition challenges to addressing: i) rural inequality in building human capital and its associated social determinants for rural transformation; ii) rising double malnutrition burdens in low- and middle-income countries; iii) recognizing that food environment is a key determinant of access to healthy diets; and iv) profound inequality in dietary and nutrition outcomes under an increasing number of shocks. We consider these challenges alongside four emerging priorities that require greater emphasis for resilient and inclusive rural transformation: i) Explicit focus on inclusivity; ii) Respecting Indigenous people's roles; iii) Addressing spatial changes to rural landscapes and implications on dietary transitions; and iv) Considering rural livelihood diversification, migration, and food environment for resilient and inclusive rural transformation. Finally, we propose expanding existing agricultural pathways towards improved diets for nutrition by integrating a stronger focus on gender, climate adaptation and resilience, policy coherence, and value chain linkages to address multiple forms of malnutrition while remaining within planetary boundaries.

农村转型是指农村经济从主要以低收入为生的生产转向融入国家市场的生产性更强、多样化的活动。这种转变刺激了经济增长，减少了贫困，促进了营养转型。然而，相关的农业粮食系统已被证明在很大程度上是不可持续的，因为它们受到生物多样性丧失、全球变暖加剧以及对饮食和营养结果的混合影响的影响。本文结合了对更具弹性和包容性的农村转型途径的多学科思考。我们首先确定了需要解决的四个公认的营养挑战：1)农村人力资本建设中的不平等及其与农村转型相关的社会决定因素；低收入和中等收入国家营养不良负担翻倍上升；（三）认识到粮食环境是获得健康饮食的关键决定因素；iv)在越来越多的冲击下，饮食和营养结果的严重不平等。我们将这些挑战与四个新出现的优先事项结合起来考虑，这些优先事项需要更加重视有韧性和包容性的农村转型：1)明确关注包容性；（二）尊重土著人民的作用；iii)解决农村景观的空间变化及其对饮食转变的影响；考虑农村生计多样化、移民和粮食环境，以实现有韧性和包容性的农村转型。最后，我们建议扩大现有的改善营养饮食的农业途径，加强对性别、气候适应和韧性、政策一致性和价值链联系的关注，以解决多种形式的营养不良，同时保持在地球范围内。

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