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Energy efficient design of building facade, inspired by human skin 建筑立面节能设计,灵感来源于人体皮肤
IF 1.1 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2022-05-19 DOI: 10.1680/jener.21.00102
Faezeh Tafreshi, Babak Alemi
Much of the energy consumed is used to provide comfortable conditions in buildings. Windows (all transparent walls) is one of the weakest points in wasting energy. In this study, using the characteristics of human skin as a protective layer and interface between the inside and outside of the body, an attempt is made to improve the transparent walls performance of the building facade. Simultaneously, the process of question-answering is articulated, and the characteristics of this natural pattern are discovered. Then, human skin traits are applied to enhance the diverse functions of facades. Finally, according to the characteristics of the skin, among more than 15 primary etudes, a vertical shading system is presented that can control the incoming radiation. The design is evaluated in two modes, controlled by temperature and controlled by the intensity of sunlight. The results show that more than 10% of energy consumption is reduced with movable shading systems. A separate study of energy consumption for cooling, heating, and lighting makes it more reasonable to use a temperature-controlled shading system, which can save 23% to 25% of the annual cost.
大部分消耗的能源用于为建筑物提供舒适的环境。窗户(全透明的墙壁)是浪费能源的最薄弱环节之一。在本研究中,利用人体皮肤的特性作为人体内外的保护层和界面,试图提高建筑立面的透明墙体性能。同时,阐述了问答的过程,揭示了这种自然模式的特点。然后,利用人的皮肤特征来增强立面的多样化功能。最后,根据皮肤的特点,在15种以上的初级实验中,提出了一种可以控制入射辐射的垂直遮阳系统。该设计在两种模式下进行评估,由温度控制和由阳光强度控制。结果表明,使用活动遮阳系统可以减少10%以上的能源消耗。一项关于制冷、供暖和照明能耗的独立研究表明,使用温度控制的遮阳系统更为合理,它可以节省每年23%到25%的成本。
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引用次数: 1
Thermal Performance of Radiant Floor Heating Systems Concrete Slabs with Embedded Fine Steel 细钢预埋混凝土板地板辐射采暖系统的热性能
IF 1.1 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2022-05-19 DOI: 10.1680/jener.21.00118
K. Tota-Maharaj, B. Adeleke
This paper investigated the application of recycled steel powder as an additive in concrete to increase the thermal properties of radiant floor heating systems (RFHS). The project aimed to increase the efficiencies of thermal conductivities, allowing radiant heat to produce higher energy efficient outputs for heating. Thermocouple readings measured lower temperatures with similar heating conditions as a standard mix slab due to heat transfer occurring evenly through a large surface area, thus transferring heat to the air at faster rates. The tests were completed by casting two 400×400×200mm deep slabs enclosing radiant heating pipes. Water was pumped at 40 and 60oC through the pipes. The temperature was recorded at various positions throughout the slab that would allow the multi-layered cylinder approach to analyse the rate of heat transfer, and calculate the efficiency of the heat transfer. The crushing strength of the proposed mix using steel powder replacement is shown to be reduced by 26% when a mix with 12.4% of steel powder is used. Contrary to the original hypothesis of this research, the investigation found rates of heat transfer during the heating stage were 3% lower for the mix containing steel powder compared to the standard mix.
本文研究了再生钢粉作为混凝土添加剂在提高地板辐射采暖系统(RFHS)热性能中的应用。该项目旨在提高导热效率,使辐射热产生更高能效的供热输出。热电偶读数在与标准混合板相似的加热条件下测量到较低的温度,这是由于热传递均匀地通过一个大的表面积,从而以更快的速度将热量传递到空气中。测试是通过铸造两块400×400×200mm深板来封闭辐射加热管来完成的。水以40和60摄氏度的温度通过管道泵入。在整个板坯的不同位置记录温度,这将允许多层圆柱体方法来分析传热速率,并计算传热效率。当钢粉含量为12.4%时,采用钢粉替代的混合料的破碎强度降低了26%。与本研究最初的假设相反,调查发现,在加热阶段,含有钢粉的混合物的传热率比标准混合物低3%。
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引用次数: 0
Short-term Wind Power Prediction Based on CEEMDAN De-composition and Spatiotemporal Feature Fusion 基于CEEMDAN分解与时空特征融合的短期风电预测
IF 1.1 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2022-04-25 DOI: 10.1680/jener.21.00104
Xingchen Guo, Rong Jia, Gang Zhang, Benben Xu, Xin He
Due to the randomness of wind power generation, the output power of a wind farm will fluctuate. As a result, the power grid can face a need for increased reserve capacity, increasing scheduling difficulties, and wind farm abandonment. An effective way to address these problems is to accurately predict the output power of wind farms. Traditional prediction methods usually make predictions based on wind data obtained at a single height. However, with long prediction periods, prediction errors are relatively large because the wind speed and direction at different heights have spatiotemporal correlations within a wind farm. In the model presented here, the wind power data are first decomposed by a “complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise” model to obtain modal components with different fluctuation characteristics. Then, the characteristics of wind speed, wind direction, air pressure, and other data at different heights are extracted for spatiotemporal feature fusion. Actual measurement data from a wind farm in Chongqing are used to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
由于风力发电的随机性,风电场的输出功率会出现波动。因此,电网可能面临增加备用容量的需求,增加调度困难,以及风电场的废弃。准确预测风电场的输出功率是解决这些问题的有效途径。传统的预测方法通常是基于在单一高度获得的风数据进行预测。然而,由于风电场内不同高度的风速和风向具有时空相关性,预测周期较长,预测误差较大。在该模型中,首先对风电数据进行“带自适应噪声的完全系综经验模态分解”模型分解,得到具有不同波动特征的模态分量。然后,提取不同高度的风速、风向、气压等数据特征,进行时空特征融合;利用重庆某风电场的实测数据验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Performance of a vertical wind turbine with permanent magnet synchronous generator 带永磁同步发电机的立式风力机性能研究
IF 1.1 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2022-04-19 DOI: 10.1680/jener.21.00113
S. Roga, Vivek Kisku, Subir Datta
The performance of a wind energy conversion system based on a vertical axis wind turbine and a permanent magnet synchronous generator was evaluated in a computational study. A power point tracking approach was used to determine the maximum output power from the system. The technique used in the study utilised the voltage and current from the generator as input to generate a reference voltage, which was then compared with the direct current output voltage obtained at the load resistor. A proportional integral controller was used to tune the error between the reference and output voltage. The generated output was then compared with a pulse generator before being fed to the insulated-gate bipolar transistor switch as a pulse width modulation signal. In the software, a system model was designed, and its simulation analysis was done. The input parameters for wind turbines, generator and boost converters were selected to achieve optimal output in terms of voltage, current, power, rotor speed, power coefficient, electromagnetic and mechanical torque. The computational results of the simulated wind energy conversion system were gathered and its performance examined.
对基于垂直轴风力机和永磁同步发电机的风能转换系统的性能进行了计算研究。采用功率点跟踪方法确定系统的最大输出功率。研究中使用的技术利用来自发电机的电压和电流作为输入来产生参考电压,然后将其与负载电阻处获得的直流输出电压进行比较。采用比例积分控制器对参考电压和输出电压之间的误差进行调节。然后将产生的输出与脉冲发生器进行比较,然后作为脉冲宽度调制信号馈送到绝缘栅双极晶体管开关。在软件中,设计了系统模型,并进行了仿真分析。选取风电机组、发电机和升压变流器的输入参数,在电压、电流、功率、转子转速、功率系数、电磁转矩和机械转矩等方面达到最优输出。收集了模拟风能转换系统的计算结果,并对其性能进行了检验。
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引用次数: 5
Water-energy nexus for Birmingham, UK 英国伯明翰的水能联系
IF 1.1 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2022-04-05 DOI: 10.1680/jener.21.00116
Babak Akram, Azadeh Kalateh Arabi
Water conservation and energy conservation are two sides of the same coin. Climate change effects on water-energy of Birmingham within the next century require a vast range of measures, energy policies and incentives to be implemented in the region. Assessing these energy-related policies help depict a good vision of the current opportunities for water-energy efficiency for households and businesses of the region. Reductions through changing consumption behavior by moving toward smarter and more efficient choices could have a remarkable potential to reduce water-energy consumption in Birmingham. This reduction potential that could help deliver Birmingham 2026 target, has been investigated to find how much the behavior of individual consumers in water-energy consumption has influenced the water, energy and carbon emissions of Birmingham. Evaluating the current actions and incentive policies with focusing on sustainable actions for vulnerable areas of the city to curb inefficient water and energy consumption helps better understand the trajectory toward having a sustainable city. This research gives a comprehensive view of the water and energy situation in Birmingham and also finds the most efficient choices and policies which can go along with the current works toward the sustainable target of the city.
节约用水和节约能源是一枚硬币的两面。下个世纪,气候变化对伯明翰水能的影响需要在该地区实施广泛的措施、能源政策和激励措施。对这些与能源有关的政策进行评估,有助于描绘该地区家庭和企业目前提高水-能源效率的机会的良好前景。通过转向更智能、更高效的选择来改变消费行为,可以显著减少伯明翰的水-能源消耗。这种可能有助于实现伯明翰2026年目标的减少潜力已经被调查,以发现个人消费者在水-能源消费方面的行为对伯明翰的水、能源和碳排放有多大影响。评估当前的行动和激励政策,重点关注城市脆弱地区的可持续行动,以遏制低效的水和能源消耗,有助于更好地了解可持续城市的发展轨迹。本研究对伯明翰的水和能源状况进行了全面的了解,并找到了最有效的选择和政策,这些选择和政策可以配合当前的工作,实现城市的可持续发展目标。
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引用次数: 0
The 2021 Glasgow Climate Pact – Steps on the Transition Pathway Towards a Low Carbon World 2021年《格拉斯哥气候公约》——向低碳世界过渡的步骤
IF 1.1 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2022-03-28 DOI: 10.1680/jener.22.00011
R. Cohen, P. Eames, G. P. Hammond, M. Newborough, Brian Norton
This briefing reviews progress that was made at the 26th United Nations Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP26) held in Glasgow, Scotland, UK over 1 – 12 November 2021. The context of the global climate change challenge is outlined, along with the aspirations of the major participating international groups. An overall balance sheet is provided that gives an assessment of the achievements and disappointments in the outcomes of COP26. This assessment sets a backdrop to what needs to be achieved when the Parties next meet at COP27 in Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt in 2022 to address both immediate and longer-term climate change mitigation, adaptation and climate finance.
本简报回顾了2021年11月1日至12日在英国苏格兰格拉斯哥举行的第26届联合国气候变化缔约方会议(COP26)取得的进展。概述了全球气候变化挑战的背景,以及主要参与国际集团的愿望。提供了一份总体资产负债表,对COP26成果的成就和失望进行了评估。这一评估为缔约方在2022年于埃及沙姆沙伊赫举行的第27次缔约方会议上需要实现的目标设定了背景,以解决当前和长期的气候变化减缓、适应和气候融资问题。
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引用次数: 11
Simulation and optimization study on a solar space heating system for office building in Baotou 包头市办公楼太阳能空间采暖系统仿真与优化研究
IF 1.1 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2022-03-17 DOI: 10.1680/jener.21.00098
Qihui Yu, Jingyu Cao, Xin Tan
Dual-water tank energy storage has been adopted in some solar heating systems to mitigate solar energy randomness and instability. Two types of dual water tank solar heating system (DWTSH), one is traditional DWTSH system and the other system has thermal buffer which named TB-DWTSH, are introduced and analyzed in this paper. Analysis software called TRNSYS was used for the simulation, the tank water temperatures and solar guarantee of two systems were measured and compared. A new thermal comfort evaluation criterion for the solar heating system was briefly introduced. The TRNSYS model was verified by a pilot project of a traditional DWTSH system. The heating system were conducted based on the solar guarantee rate of the heating system and the thermal comfort index. Results showed that the simulation results are generally consistent with the experimental results. Secondly, compared with the traditional DWTSH system, the comfort index could be greatly improved in the TB-DWTSH system between 8 am and 9 am local time (LT). Furthermore, compared with the traditional DWTSH system, the energy consumption of the auxiliary heat source is reduced by 30%. This study provides a good foundation for future research on dual water tank solar heating systems.
为了缓解太阳能的随机性和不稳定性,一些太阳能供热系统采用了双水箱储能。本文介绍并分析了两种类型的双水箱太阳能供热系统,一种是传统的双水箱太阳能供热系统,另一种是带有热缓冲装置的双水箱太阳能供热系统,即TB-DWTSH。采用TRNSYS分析软件进行仿真,对两个系统的水箱水温和太阳能保障进行了测量和比较。简要介绍了一种新的太阳能供暖系统热舒适性评价标准。TRNSYS模型通过传统DWTSH系统的试点项目进行了验证。根据供暖系统的太阳能保证率和热舒适指数对供暖系统进行供暖。结果表明,仿真结果与实验结果基本一致。其次,与传统的DWTSH系统相比,TB-DWTSH系统在当地时间上午8点至9点之间的舒适性指数可以大大提高。此外,与传统的DWTSH系统相比,辅助热源的能耗降低了30%。本研究为今后双水箱太阳能供热系统的研究奠定了良好的基础。
{"title":"Simulation and optimization study on a solar space heating system for office building in Baotou","authors":"Qihui Yu, Jingyu Cao, Xin Tan","doi":"10.1680/jener.21.00098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jener.21.00098","url":null,"abstract":"Dual-water tank energy storage has been adopted in some solar heating systems to mitigate solar energy randomness and instability. Two types of dual water tank solar heating system (DWTSH), one is traditional DWTSH system and the other system has thermal buffer which named TB-DWTSH, are introduced and analyzed in this paper. Analysis software called TRNSYS was used for the simulation, the tank water temperatures and solar guarantee of two systems were measured and compared. A new thermal comfort evaluation criterion for the solar heating system was briefly introduced. The TRNSYS model was verified by a pilot project of a traditional DWTSH system. The heating system were conducted based on the solar guarantee rate of the heating system and the thermal comfort index. Results showed that the simulation results are generally consistent with the experimental results. Secondly, compared with the traditional DWTSH system, the comfort index could be greatly improved in the TB-DWTSH system between 8 am and 9 am local time (LT). Furthermore, compared with the traditional DWTSH system, the energy consumption of the auxiliary heat source is reduced by 30%. This study provides a good foundation for future research on dual water tank solar heating systems.","PeriodicalId":48776,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Energy","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85062205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Study on the efficiency and energy consumption of electric and diesel pumping stations 电力和柴油泵站的效率和能耗研究
IF 1.1 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2022-03-16 DOI: 10.1680/jener.21.00091
Ali Ghadami Firouzabadi, Seyed Mohsen Seyedan, Mehdi Jovzi, Mohammad Albaji, Khashayar Peyghan
Restricted water and energy resources of the planet, as well as an increasing demand for water and energy owing to population growth and an ever-increasing development of human societies, require an optimal utilisation of such resources. This study was conducted to investigate the consumption, dissipation and efficiency of energy in electric and diesel fuel pumping stations in the fields of Hamedan city, located in the west of Iran. The Nebraska pumping plant performance criteria were used to compare the performance of irrigation pumping stations. The input power, output power and total energy efficiency were calculated for the pumping stations. The results revealed that the total efficiency ranged between 3.2 and 24.4% in the diesel pumping stations and from 15.7 to 100% in the electric pumping stations. The mean of total efficiency and mean wasted energy in the diesel pumping stations were 14.1% and 51.8 kWh/h, respectively. The mean total efficiency and wasted energy in the electric pumping stations were 58.3% and 9.0 kWh/h, respectively. Factors such as pump and engine selection proportionate to the system's capacity and pressure, proper upkeep and maintenance of pumps and engines, and implementation of an optimum, rigid foundation could improve energy efficiency.
地球上有限的水和能源资源,以及由于人口增长和人类社会日益发展而对水和能源的需求日益增加,都要求最佳地利用这些资源。本研究旨在调查位于伊朗西部哈马丹市的电力和柴油泵站的能源消耗、耗散和效率。内布拉斯加州泵站性能标准用于比较灌溉泵站的性能。计算了泵站的输入功率、输出功率和总能源效率。结果表明,柴油泵站的总效率在3.2 ~ 24.4%之间,电动泵站的总效率在15.7% ~ 100%之间。柴油泵站的总效率平均值为14.1%,浪费能量平均值为51.8 kWh/h。电动泵站的平均总效率和浪费能量分别为58.3%和9.0 kWh/h。泵和发动机的选择与系统的容量和压力成比例,泵和发动机的适当保养和维护,以及实施最佳的刚性基础等因素可以提高能源效率。
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引用次数: 0
The modern global oil market under stress - system dynamics and scenarios 压力下的现代全球石油市场——系统动态与情景
IF 1.1 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2022-03-14 DOI: 10.1680/jener.22.00020
M. Madhavi, W. Nuttall
Modelling techniques developed 40 years ago to gain insight into the issues of energy supply security remain powerful even as the focus of energy technology policy analysis has shifted to consider new problems and research methods more closely linked to pressing environmental challenges. Dynamic modelling continues to be of merit and indeed it has the potential to provide helpful perspectives on contemporary problems such as climate change and the Net Zero transition. This work seeks to help revive system dynamics modelling of the global oil market. The SD-based analysis used in this paper facilitates a rational representation of physical stocks and flows as well as causal linkages that drive decision-making in the global oil system. The use of SD provides insights (intuitive and counter-intuitive) into the macro-level non-linear dynamics of global oil exchanges and permits assessment of the potential impacts of future changes in system behaviour. The model exhibits damped oscillations in oil prices, broadly consistent with real market behaviours. The results further illustrate the resilience of market dynamics in the phase of extreme supply side shocks and reveal the ability of System Dynamics to simulate and model such effects even beyond the point of market failure.
即使能源技术政策分析的重点已经转移到考虑与紧迫的环境挑战更密切相关的新问题和研究方法,40年前开发的用于深入了解能源供应安全问题的建模技术仍然强大。动态建模仍然是有价值的,它确实有可能为气候变化和净零转型等当代问题提供有益的视角。这项工作旨在帮助恢复全球石油市场的系统动力学建模。本文中使用的基于sd的分析有助于合理表示实际库存和流量,以及驱动全球石油系统决策的因果关系。SD的使用提供了对全球石油交换宏观层面非线性动态的洞察(直观的和反直觉的),并允许评估系统行为未来变化的潜在影响。该模型显示,油价波动受到抑制,与实际市场行为大体一致。结果进一步说明了市场动态在极端供给侧冲击阶段的弹性,并揭示了系统动力学模拟和建模这种影响的能力,甚至超越了市场失灵的点。
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Thermal Insulation on Building Energy Efficiency in Turkey 保温对土耳其建筑节能的影响
IF 1.1 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2022-03-11 DOI: 10.1680/jener.21.00053
Asiye Aslan
In light of current energy problems, building envelopes must achieve thermal comfort in buildings by consuming the least possible amount of energy, and thermal insulation in building envelopes helps to minimise energy consumption. This study determined the optimum insulation thickness of external walls, ceilings and floors of buildings as well as energy-saving and payback periods in 81 city centres in Turkey. The calculations were performed for commonly used walls, ceilings and floor constructions. The life cycle cost analysis and TS 825 standard (Thermal Insulation Requirements in Buildings) were also considered. In the calculations, the decreasing factor applied in TS 825 for surfaces that have no contact with outer air was considered. The results showed that the optimum insulation thickness of the external walls, ceilings and floors ranged between 3.5 and 20.0, 4.6 and 19.7 and 0.7 and 14 cm, respectively, depending on the type of energy and insulation material used. These findings suggest the possibility of saving up to 75% energy on the external walls, 90% on the ceilings, and 85% on the floors. Additionally, a saving of 12%–13% is likely obtainable in Turkey's total energy consumption when the optimum insulation thickness is applied to all residential buildings in the country.
鉴于目前的能源问题,建筑围护结构必须通过消耗尽可能少的能源来达到建筑物的热舒适,而建筑围护结构的隔热有助于减少能源消耗。本研究确定了土耳其81个城市中心建筑物外墙、天花板和地板的最佳隔热厚度以及节能和投资回收期。对常用的墙壁、天花板和地板结构进行了计算。还考虑了生命周期成本分析和TS 825标准(建筑物隔热要求)。在计算中,考虑了TS 825中应用于不与外部空气接触的表面的减小因子。结果表明,根据能源类型和保温材料的不同,外墙、顶棚和地板的最佳保温厚度分别为3.5 ~ 20.0 cm、4.6 ~ 19.7 cm和0.7 ~ 14 cm。这些发现表明,外墙节能75%,天花板节能90%,地板节能85%的可能性。此外,如果将最佳隔热厚度应用于土耳其的所有住宅建筑,则土耳其的总能耗可能节省12%-13%。
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引用次数: 2
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Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Energy
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