S. Kadapure, Poonam S. Kadapure, Santosh S Nandi, Anil R. Shet
There is quantum rise globally in the production of biodiesel due to its ability to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG). However, production of biodiesel faces a major hurdle in getting high purity and easy separation of main product from glycerol. Researchers worldwide are focussing on finding new sophisticated materials which help to develop sustainable eco-efficient process. Very few review articles have been published that covers use of catalyst and co-solvent for easy separation of biodiesel from glycerol. In this article, compressive assessment of various catalysts (homogeneous and heterogeneous), ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvent (green solvent) for biodiesel production is reviewed. This will help researchers to find an excellent combination and economical feasible for biodiesel manufacturing meeting environmental standards. This will provide a solid background for the future research.
{"title":"An overview on catalyst and co-solvents for sustainable biodiesel production","authors":"S. Kadapure, Poonam S. Kadapure, Santosh S Nandi, Anil R. Shet","doi":"10.1680/jener.21.00092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jener.21.00092","url":null,"abstract":"There is quantum rise globally in the production of biodiesel due to its ability to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG). However, production of biodiesel faces a major hurdle in getting high purity and easy separation of main product from glycerol. Researchers worldwide are focussing on finding new sophisticated materials which help to develop sustainable eco-efficient process. Very few review articles have been published that covers use of catalyst and co-solvent for easy separation of biodiesel from glycerol. In this article, compressive assessment of various catalysts (homogeneous and heterogeneous), ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvent (green solvent) for biodiesel production is reviewed. This will help researchers to find an excellent combination and economical feasible for biodiesel manufacturing meeting environmental standards. This will provide a solid background for the future research.","PeriodicalId":48776,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78700013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vietnam is a promising market for offshore wind power development because Vietnam is one of the countries having the largest wind power potential in Southeast Asia. However, some barriers such as high investment costs, complicated construction conditions, and long construction time have influenced the development of offshore wind power projects, thus, there is currently only one operational offshore wind power project. In this paper, the economic, technical, environmental efficiency of an offshore wind power project with a capacity of 30 MW in the Southern region of Vietnam is studied by using the Windpro program and the Retscreen software. The support policies of the government and obstacles in the investment process for offshore wind power projects are also analyzed. The research results show that the investment of case study offshore wind power project in the Southern region of Vietnam is economically feasible with the new Feed-in Tariff (FIT) price with the IRR of 18.6%, the NPV of $ 19,278,263, Benefit-Cost (B/C) number of 1.9 and the payback period of 8.3 years. However, the government needs to continue to improve support policies for offshore wind power in Vietnam, thus, incentivizing offshore wind farm projects can develop more in the next time.
{"title":"Feasibility study and development prospects of offshore wind power projects in Vietnam","authors":"Vu Minh Phap, Le Quang Sang, Ngo Phuong Le","doi":"10.1680/jener.21.00050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jener.21.00050","url":null,"abstract":"Vietnam is a promising market for offshore wind power development because Vietnam is one of the countries having the largest wind power potential in Southeast Asia. However, some barriers such as high investment costs, complicated construction conditions, and long construction time have influenced the development of offshore wind power projects, thus, there is currently only one operational offshore wind power project. In this paper, the economic, technical, environmental efficiency of an offshore wind power project with a capacity of 30 MW in the Southern region of Vietnam is studied by using the Windpro program and the Retscreen software. The support policies of the government and obstacles in the investment process for offshore wind power projects are also analyzed. The research results show that the investment of case study offshore wind power project in the Southern region of Vietnam is economically feasible with the new Feed-in Tariff (FIT) price with the IRR of 18.6%, the NPV of $ 19,278,263, Benefit-Cost (B/C) number of 1.9 and the payback period of 8.3 years. However, the government needs to continue to improve support policies for offshore wind power in Vietnam, thus, incentivizing offshore wind farm projects can develop more in the next time.","PeriodicalId":48776,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84244716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatima Zahra Benaddi, L. Boukhattem, B. Benhamou, P. Tabares-Velasco, F. Nouh
This work aims to highlight the indoor thermal comfort in a classroom building mostly built with locally available construction materials combined with some passive techniques in the hot semi-arid climate of Marrakech, Morocco. The thermal assessment of the so-called BATERRE building was analyzed against a Typical Building (TB) which represents the widest structure used in Moroccan rural classrooms and constructed with conventional materials. A TRNSYS based dynamic model was developed and validated using onsite monitoring measurements according to ASHRAE Guideline 14. Simulation results show that the BATERRE structure has a noticeable positive effect on indoor thermal comfort since its indoor air temperature remains stable while that of the TB classroom has higher oscillations. The hourly calculated indoor air temperature in BATERRE is greater by 3.6°C during winter and lower by 9.54°C during summer compared to the one in TB. Moreover, indoor thermal comfort analysis based on the ASHRAE Standard 55–2013 shows that BATERRE provides good indoor thermal comfort all year-round 63% of the time, while the corresponding indoor thermal comfort time part in TB is 32%. Furthermore, the annual thermal load of BATERRE is lower by 53% compared to that of TB.
{"title":"Thermal energy performance study of a classroom built with natural materials in rural area","authors":"Fatima Zahra Benaddi, L. Boukhattem, B. Benhamou, P. Tabares-Velasco, F. Nouh","doi":"10.1680/jener.21.00081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jener.21.00081","url":null,"abstract":"This work aims to highlight the indoor thermal comfort in a classroom building mostly built with locally available construction materials combined with some passive techniques in the hot semi-arid climate of Marrakech, Morocco. The thermal assessment of the so-called BATERRE building was analyzed against a Typical Building (TB) which represents the widest structure used in Moroccan rural classrooms and constructed with conventional materials. A TRNSYS based dynamic model was developed and validated using onsite monitoring measurements according to ASHRAE Guideline 14. Simulation results show that the BATERRE structure has a noticeable positive effect on indoor thermal comfort since its indoor air temperature remains stable while that of the TB classroom has higher oscillations. The hourly calculated indoor air temperature in BATERRE is greater by 3.6°C during winter and lower by 9.54°C during summer compared to the one in TB. Moreover, indoor thermal comfort analysis based on the ASHRAE Standard 55–2013 shows that BATERRE provides good indoor thermal comfort all year-round 63% of the time, while the corresponding indoor thermal comfort time part in TB is 32%. Furthermore, the annual thermal load of BATERRE is lower by 53% compared to that of TB.","PeriodicalId":48776,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76364228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to the increase in energy demand, the decline of fossil fuels in the coming years, climate change and environmental pollution, demand for renewable energy sources is growing rapidly. Many studies have been made on the potential of wave energy in the world and many wave energy converters have been developed. Although there is wave energy potential in Turkey, wave energy is hardly exploited. Main purpose of this study is to determine the most appropriate site and converter type for a wave energy power plant planned to be built in Turkey. For this purpose, a two-phased multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) structure is constructed. Analytic Network Process (ANP) and Fuzzy TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarly to Ideal Solution) are selected as MCDM methods. Five cities located in the Black Sea coast which have high wave energy potential are selected as alternatives to the installation sites of the wave energy power plant. In the first phase, Sinop is determined as the most suitable wave energy power plant site by ANP. In the second phase, the most suitable wave energy converter to be installed in Sinop is determined as Oyster among the five alternatives by Fuzzy TOPSIS.
{"title":"Wave energy site and converter selection with multi-criteria decision making: a case study","authors":"E. Ergul, Tayfun Ozbek","doi":"10.1680/jener.21.00087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jener.21.00087","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the increase in energy demand, the decline of fossil fuels in the coming years, climate change and environmental pollution, demand for renewable energy sources is growing rapidly. Many studies have been made on the potential of wave energy in the world and many wave energy converters have been developed. Although there is wave energy potential in Turkey, wave energy is hardly exploited. Main purpose of this study is to determine the most appropriate site and converter type for a wave energy power plant planned to be built in Turkey. For this purpose, a two-phased multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) structure is constructed. Analytic Network Process (ANP) and Fuzzy TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarly to Ideal Solution) are selected as MCDM methods. Five cities located in the Black Sea coast which have high wave energy potential are selected as alternatives to the installation sites of the wave energy power plant. In the first phase, Sinop is determined as the most suitable wave energy power plant site by ANP. In the second phase, the most suitable wave energy converter to be installed in Sinop is determined as Oyster among the five alternatives by Fuzzy TOPSIS.","PeriodicalId":48776,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81177144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new transformed linear simulation method is first proposed in this article for the robust performance analysis of coastal wave energy converters. The influences of the bottom effects on the performances of coastal wave energy converters have also been considered during the calculations. The essence of the transformed linear simulation is to obtain the transformation G relating the non-Gaussian process and the original Gaussian process based on the equivalence of the level up-crossing rates of the two processes. In this paper the level up-crossing rates are calculated by using an asymptotic analysis approach. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed transformed linear simulation method have been convincingly verified by the calculation examples in this paper.
{"title":"On the robust performance analysis of coastal wave energy converters","authors":"Yingguang Wang","doi":"10.1680/jener.21.00069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jener.21.00069","url":null,"abstract":"A new transformed linear simulation method is first proposed in this article for the robust performance analysis of coastal wave energy converters. The influences of the bottom effects on the performances of coastal wave energy converters have also been considered during the calculations. The essence of the transformed linear simulation is to obtain the transformation G relating the non-Gaussian process and the original Gaussian process based on the equivalence of the level up-crossing rates of the two processes. In this paper the level up-crossing rates are calculated by using an asymptotic analysis approach. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed transformed linear simulation method have been convincingly verified by the calculation examples in this paper.","PeriodicalId":48776,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74718535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.1680/jener.2022.175.1.46
{"title":"Energy: Referees 2021","authors":"","doi":"10.1680/jener.2022.175.1.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jener.2022.175.1.46","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48776,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80100097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Feng Liu, A. Schellart, J. Boxall, M. Mayfield, S. Tait
A study was undertaken to explore opportunities for achieving reducing greenhouse gas emissions from UK domestic heating by using existing drinking water and wastewater assets as energy storage and recovery mechanisms, coupled with modest local renewable energy generation. The sensitivity of the solutions to future projections for domestic heating demands and climate change effects was explored. Simulations optimised the available energy supply, potential for storage, heat recovery and heat demand to minimise emissions at a scale that could be adopted in most UK towns. The approach may be able to deliver significant emissions reductions with more limited capital investment than more centralised renewable energy approaches. Results from two UK locations showed that integrated water–energy systems could theoretically reduce emissions by about 50%. Furthermore, the system could satisfy demand for about 70% of the time periods each year. Future scenarios were tested and it was found that the projected annual emissions reduction was similar across all scenarios, suggesting this would be a robust approach.
{"title":"Integrating existing water and wastewater assets to reduce domestic heating emissions","authors":"Feng Liu, A. Schellart, J. Boxall, M. Mayfield, S. Tait","doi":"10.1680/jener.21.00064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jener.21.00064","url":null,"abstract":"A study was undertaken to explore opportunities for achieving reducing greenhouse gas emissions from UK domestic heating by using existing drinking water and wastewater assets as energy storage and recovery mechanisms, coupled with modest local renewable energy generation. The sensitivity of the solutions to future projections for domestic heating demands and climate change effects was explored. Simulations optimised the available energy supply, potential for storage, heat recovery and heat demand to minimise emissions at a scale that could be adopted in most UK towns. The approach may be able to deliver significant emissions reductions with more limited capital investment than more centralised renewable energy approaches. Results from two UK locations showed that integrated water–energy systems could theoretically reduce emissions by about 50%. Furthermore, the system could satisfy demand for about 70% of the time periods each year. Future scenarios were tested and it was found that the projected annual emissions reduction was similar across all scenarios, suggesting this would be a robust approach.","PeriodicalId":48776,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80090556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A life cycle assessment of waste management in Pyongyang, Korea was undertaken using a characterisation-based method to analyse cumulative energy demand and energy-related carbon dioxide emissions. The study showed that characterising waste fractions by composition, proportion, water content and heating value rather than simply mass was more effective for energy-related analysis in life-cycle assessments. The results indicated that the energy demand and emissions indicators could be used as appropriate proxies of the environmental impacts in life-cycle phases, since they were closely related. The results also revealed that waste incineration could result in energy credit to the national electricity mix, while waste landfill needed to be replaced with sanitary landfill and/or switched to incineration with energy recovery to be more sustainable.
{"title":"Characterising municipal solid waste to analyse life-cycle energy demand and emissions","authors":"N. O, Tong-Hyok Choe, Jonghurn Kim, Chol-Mu Choe","doi":"10.1680/jener.21.00099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jener.21.00099","url":null,"abstract":"A life cycle assessment of waste management in Pyongyang, Korea was undertaken using a characterisation-based method to analyse cumulative energy demand and energy-related carbon dioxide emissions. The study showed that characterising waste fractions by composition, proportion, water content and heating value rather than simply mass was more effective for energy-related analysis in life-cycle assessments. The results indicated that the energy demand and emissions indicators could be used as appropriate proxies of the environmental impacts in life-cycle phases, since they were closely related. The results also revealed that waste incineration could result in energy credit to the national electricity mix, while waste landfill needed to be replaced with sanitary landfill and/or switched to incineration with energy recovery to be more sustainable.","PeriodicalId":48776,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81706302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Masters, J. Bird, Benjamin Birch, Maximilian Reader, W. Turner, Tom Holland, Thomas Lake, A. Williams
Axial flow hydro-kinetic turbines convert the kinetic energy of a flowing fluid into electrical energy, and can be designed for deployment in a wide range of locations. As relatively recent technology, these designs are often high in cost, complex, and require specialist maintenance and materials. This is not viable for many communities in developing countries, which may subsequently remain reliant on fossil fuels. A remote river energy system has been designed to be built and maintained using minimal equipment, with components that can be readily obtained. A formal design process has been used with design review and feedback stages; design tools included Simulink modelling, FEA, CFD, nodal analysis and flume testing. Only a handful of components such as the turbine blades require specialist machining and maintenance. The results demonstrate how an effective water turbine with a 3kW output can be theoretically produced and maintained without an over-reliance on specialised components and tools, thereby producing a more economically viable water turbine for use in developing countries. Open source distribution of the design drawings will facilitate application of the design and improvements by other stakeholders. The design study presented here is a platform for prototype technology trials to further develop the concept.
{"title":"Remote River Energy System: An open source low maintenance turbine design for remote areas","authors":"I. Masters, J. Bird, Benjamin Birch, Maximilian Reader, W. Turner, Tom Holland, Thomas Lake, A. Williams","doi":"10.1680/jener.21.00101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jener.21.00101","url":null,"abstract":"Axial flow hydro-kinetic turbines convert the kinetic energy of a flowing fluid into electrical energy, and can be designed for deployment in a wide range of locations. As relatively recent technology, these designs are often high in cost, complex, and require specialist maintenance and materials. This is not viable for many communities in developing countries, which may subsequently remain reliant on fossil fuels. A remote river energy system has been designed to be built and maintained using minimal equipment, with components that can be readily obtained. A formal design process has been used with design review and feedback stages; design tools included Simulink modelling, FEA, CFD, nodal analysis and flume testing. Only a handful of components such as the turbine blades require specialist machining and maintenance. The results demonstrate how an effective water turbine with a 3kW output can be theoretically produced and maintained without an over-reliance on specialised components and tools, thereby producing a more economically viable water turbine for use in developing countries. Open source distribution of the design drawings will facilitate application of the design and improvements by other stakeholders. The design study presented here is a platform for prototype technology trials to further develop the concept.","PeriodicalId":48776,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80397565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the compatibility of the real wind energy potential to the estimated wind energy potential by Weibull Distribution Function (WDF) of a region with low average wind speed potential was examined. The main purpose of this study is to examine the performance of six different methods used to find the coefficients of the WDF and to determine the best performing method for selected region. In this study seven-year hourly wind speed data obtained from the general directorate of meteorology of this region was used. The root mean square error (RMSE) statistical indicator was used to compare the efficiency of all used methods. Another main purpose of this study is to observe the how the performance of the used methods changes over the years. The obtained results showed that the performances of the used methods showed slight changes over the years, but when evaluated in general, it was observed that all method showed acceptable performance. Based on the obtained results, when the seven-year data is evaluated in this selected region, it can be said that the MM method shows the best performance.
{"title":"Calculation of Weibull Distribution parameters at low wind speed and performance analysis","authors":"Y. Kaplan","doi":"10.1680/jener.21.00010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jener.21.00010","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the compatibility of the real wind energy potential to the estimated wind energy potential by Weibull Distribution Function (WDF) of a region with low average wind speed potential was examined. The main purpose of this study is to examine the performance of six different methods used to find the coefficients of the WDF and to determine the best performing method for selected region. In this study seven-year hourly wind speed data obtained from the general directorate of meteorology of this region was used. The root mean square error (RMSE) statistical indicator was used to compare the efficiency of all used methods. Another main purpose of this study is to observe the how the performance of the used methods changes over the years. The obtained results showed that the performances of the used methods showed slight changes over the years, but when evaluated in general, it was observed that all method showed acceptable performance. Based on the obtained results, when the seven-year data is evaluated in this selected region, it can be said that the MM method shows the best performance.","PeriodicalId":48776,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75825183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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