Many studies have shown that robots can provide medical help to patients, such as supporting physical movements, managing mood, or simulating cognitive function. However, robotic cognitive/language assessment, which is vital for mental health care, has not been fully explored and is limited to only a few types of assessment. The aim of this study is to present and evaluate a social robot equipped with a web-based language assessment for sentence comprehension test (SCT) with a dialogue system involving yes/no questions. A total of 50 participants took the test with 36 items conducted by a robot (robot-SCT), while a total of 55 participants took the same test but conducted by a human examiner (human-SCT). Comparative analyses were performed to evaluate the validity of the robot-SCT in terms of test scores and time-related measures. Usability was evaluated through the system usability score and interview feedback. With regard to the validity of the robot-SCT, the test scores indicated no significant differences between the robot-SCT and human-SCT. In addition, conditional differences in reaction time for the test items were observed, similar to the previous paper-and-pencil researches. The high system usability scores (i.e., mean = 78.5, SD = 11) demonstrated the high usability of the robot-SCT. This study demonstrates the validity and usability of robotic language assessment among normal adults. However, further evaluation is required for people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment.
{"title":"Robot-assisted language assessment: development and evaluation of feasibility and usability","authors":"Sukyung Seok, Sujin Choi, Kimun Kim, Jongsuk Choi, Jee Eun Sung, Yoonseob Lim","doi":"10.1007/s11370-023-00505-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11370-023-00505-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Many studies have shown that robots can provide medical help to patients, such as supporting physical movements, managing mood, or simulating cognitive function. However, robotic cognitive/language assessment, which is vital for mental health care, has not been fully explored and is limited to only a few types of assessment. The aim of this study is to present and evaluate a social robot equipped with a web-based language assessment for sentence comprehension test (SCT) with a dialogue system involving yes/no questions. A total of 50 participants took the test with 36 items conducted by a robot (robot-SCT), while a total of 55 participants took the same test but conducted by a human examiner (human-SCT). Comparative analyses were performed to evaluate the validity of the robot-SCT in terms of test scores and time-related measures. Usability was evaluated through the system usability score and interview feedback. With regard to the validity of the robot-SCT, the test scores indicated no significant differences between the robot-SCT and human-SCT. In addition, conditional differences in reaction time for the test items were observed, similar to the previous paper-and-pencil researches. The high system usability scores (i.e., mean = 78.5, SD = 11) demonstrated the high usability of the robot-SCT. This study demonstrates the validity and usability of robotic language assessment among normal adults. However, further evaluation is required for people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":48813,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent Service Robotics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139557833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-22DOI: 10.1007/s11370-023-00507-0
Gulam Dastagir Khan
This paper presents a novel neural network-based control approach designed for industrial robot manipulators characterized by uncertain closed architectures and unknown dynamics. Industrial and commercial robot manipulators typically employ closed control architectures, which limit the ability to make modifications or comprehend the inner control processes. Users are generally restricted to providing joint position or velocity commands for controlling the manipulator. Furthermore, the integration of these robots with external sensors for modern applications poses challenges to system stability. Our proposed solution utilizes neural networks to approximate the robot’s dynamic model and low-level controller. The proposed controller is introduced as an outer (external feedback) loop, ensuring independence from the inner controller configuration. This outer loop leverages external sensor data and the desired trajectory to calculate commands for joint velocities. Consequently, this approach offers greater design flexibility for modern control applications. Unlike previous studies, our work introduces novelty through unconstrained control actions, avoiding the need for inner controller configuration and control gain structure. To validate our method, we conducted experiments using two industrial manipulators, namely the UR5e and UR10e, and the results clearly demonstrate the superior performance and industrial applicability of the framework we have developed.
{"title":"Control of robot manipulators with uncertain closed architecture using neural networks","authors":"Gulam Dastagir Khan","doi":"10.1007/s11370-023-00507-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11370-023-00507-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents a novel neural network-based control approach designed for industrial robot manipulators characterized by uncertain closed architectures and unknown dynamics. Industrial and commercial robot manipulators typically employ closed control architectures, which limit the ability to make modifications or comprehend the inner control processes. Users are generally restricted to providing joint position or velocity commands for controlling the manipulator. Furthermore, the integration of these robots with external sensors for modern applications poses challenges to system stability. Our proposed solution utilizes neural networks to approximate the robot’s dynamic model and low-level controller. The proposed controller is introduced as an outer (external feedback) loop, ensuring independence from the inner controller configuration. This outer loop leverages external sensor data and the desired trajectory to calculate commands for joint velocities. Consequently, this approach offers greater design flexibility for modern control applications. Unlike previous studies, our work introduces novelty through unconstrained control actions, avoiding the need for inner controller configuration and control gain structure. To validate our method, we conducted experiments using two industrial manipulators, namely the UR5e and UR10e, and the results clearly demonstrate the superior performance and industrial applicability of the framework we have developed.</p>","PeriodicalId":48813,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent Service Robotics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139557625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.1007/s11370-023-00502-5
Alberto Sánchez-Delgado, Keshav Garg, Cor Scherjon, Hyosang Lee
Tactile sensing is essential for robots to adequately interact with the physical world, but creating tactile sensors for the robot’s soft and flexible body surface has been a challenge. The resistance tomography-based tactile sensors have been introduced as a promising approach to creating soft tactile skins because the sensor fabrication can be greatly simplified with the aid of a computation model. This article introduces an electronic design strategy dividing frontend and backend electronics for the resistance tomography-based tactile sensors. In this scheme, the frontend is made of the piezoresistive structure and electrodes that can be changed depending on the required geometry. The backend is the electronic circuit for resistance tomography, which can be used for various frontend geometries. To evaluate the use of a unified backend for different frontend geometries, two frontend specimens with a square shape and a circular shape are tested. The minimum detectable contact force and the minimum discernible contact distance are calculated as (0.83 times 10^{-4}) N/mm(^2), 2.51 mm for the square-shaped frontend and (1.19 times 10^{-4}) N/mm(^2), 3.42 mm for the circular-shaped frontend. The results indicated that the proposed electronic design strategy can be used to create tactile skins with different scales and geometries while keeping the same backend design.
{"title":"Frontend and backend electronics achieving flexibility and scalability for tomographic tactile sensing","authors":"Alberto Sánchez-Delgado, Keshav Garg, Cor Scherjon, Hyosang Lee","doi":"10.1007/s11370-023-00502-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11370-023-00502-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tactile sensing is essential for robots to adequately interact with the physical world, but creating tactile sensors for the robot’s soft and flexible body surface has been a challenge. The resistance tomography-based tactile sensors have been introduced as a promising approach to creating soft tactile skins because the sensor fabrication can be greatly simplified with the aid of a computation model. This article introduces an electronic design strategy dividing frontend and backend electronics for the resistance tomography-based tactile sensors. In this scheme, the frontend is made of the piezoresistive structure and electrodes that can be changed depending on the required geometry. The backend is the electronic circuit for resistance tomography, which can be used for various frontend geometries. To evaluate the use of a unified backend for different frontend geometries, two frontend specimens with a square shape and a circular shape are tested. The minimum detectable contact force and the minimum discernible contact distance are calculated as <span>(0.83 times 10^{-4})</span> N/mm<span>(^2)</span>, 2.51 mm for the square-shaped frontend and <span>(1.19 times 10^{-4})</span> N/mm<span>(^2)</span>, 3.42 mm for the circular-shaped frontend. The results indicated that the proposed electronic design strategy can be used to create tactile skins with different scales and geometries while keeping the same backend design.</p>","PeriodicalId":48813,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent Service Robotics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139409365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-06DOI: 10.1007/s11370-023-00503-4
Yong Hae Heo, Seok Hun Lee, In Kwon Lee, Sang-Youn Kim
This paper proposes a flexible vibrotactile actuator based on a dielectric elastomer which is fabricated by mixing a PDMS-Ecoflex elastomer and PC (propylene carbonate) solution. The proposed flexible vibrotactile actuator is composed of a top electrode, an adhesive tape, the PDMS-Ecoflex-PC-based elastomer, and a bottom electrode. The applied electric field between two parallel electrodes (top and bottom electrodes) creates an electrostatic force in the actuator, resulting in the actuator being compressed. The performance of the vibrotactile actuator based on dielectric elastomers is affected by the mechanical and dielectric properties of the dielectric elastomer. So, in this paper, we experimentally optimize the design of the haptic actuator and then quantitatively evaluate the actuator. For evaluation, the six samples of PDMS-Ecoflex-PC elastomers having different mixing ratios are prepared and their material properties are investigated by experiments. We fabricate the haptic actuators based on PDMS-Ecoflex-PC elastomers and then measure the haptic behaviors of the proposed actuator as a function of the applied voltage amplitude and frequency. Furthermore, we inquire the response time of the proposed actuator. Maximum vibrational force of the optimized sample is about 0.556 N at 140 Hz which is strong enough to stimulate human finger, and the response time is 21 ms which is fast enough to obtain the touch feedback in real time. From the results, we show that the proposed vibrotactile actuator creates a variety of haptic sensations in real time.
{"title":"Enhanced flexible vibrotactile actuator based on dielectric elastomer with propylene carbonate","authors":"Yong Hae Heo, Seok Hun Lee, In Kwon Lee, Sang-Youn Kim","doi":"10.1007/s11370-023-00503-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11370-023-00503-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper proposes a flexible vibrotactile actuator based on a dielectric elastomer which is fabricated by mixing a PDMS-Ecoflex elastomer and PC (propylene carbonate) solution. The proposed flexible vibrotactile actuator is composed of a top electrode, an adhesive tape, the PDMS-Ecoflex-PC-based elastomer, and a bottom electrode. The applied electric field between two parallel electrodes (top and bottom electrodes) creates an electrostatic force in the actuator, resulting in the actuator being compressed. The performance of the vibrotactile actuator based on dielectric elastomers is affected by the mechanical and dielectric properties of the dielectric elastomer. So, in this paper, we experimentally optimize the design of the haptic actuator and then quantitatively evaluate the actuator. For evaluation, the six samples of PDMS-Ecoflex-PC elastomers having different mixing ratios are prepared and their material properties are investigated by experiments. We fabricate the haptic actuators based on PDMS-Ecoflex-PC elastomers and then measure the haptic behaviors of the proposed actuator as a function of the applied voltage amplitude and frequency. Furthermore, we inquire the response time of the proposed actuator. Maximum vibrational force of the optimized sample is about 0.556 N at 140 Hz which is strong enough to stimulate human finger, and the response time is 21 ms which is fast enough to obtain the touch feedback in real time. From the results, we show that the proposed vibrotactile actuator creates a variety of haptic sensations in real time.</p>","PeriodicalId":48813,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent Service Robotics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139373055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.1007/s11370-023-00498-y
Sangwoo Jung, Hyesu Jang, Minwoo Jung, Ayoung Kim, Myung-Hwan Jeon
The integration of sensor data is crucial in the field of robotics to take full advantage of the various sensors employed. One critical aspect of this integration is determining the extrinsic calibration parameters, such as the relative transformation, between each sensor. The use of data fusion between complementary sensors, such as radar and LiDAR, can provide significant benefits, particularly in harsh environments where accurate depth data is required. However, noise included in radar sensor data can make the estimation of extrinsic calibration challenging. To address this issue, we present a novel framework for the extrinsic calibration of radar and LiDAR sensors, utilizing CycleGAN as a method of image-to-image translation. Our proposed method employs translating radar bird-eye-view images into LiDAR-style images to estimate the 3-DOF extrinsic parameters. The use of image registration techniques, as well as deskewing based on sensor odometry and B-spline interpolation, is employed to address the rolling shutter effect commonly present in spinning sensors. Our method demonstrates a notable improvement in extrinsic calibration compared to filter-based methods using the MulRan dataset.
在机器人技术领域,传感器数据的整合对于充分利用所使用的各种传感器至关重要。这种整合的一个关键方面是确定每个传感器之间的外在校准参数,如相对转换。使用雷达和激光雷达等互补传感器之间的数据融合可以带来显著的优势,尤其是在需要精确深度数据的恶劣环境中。然而,雷达传感器数据中包含的噪声会使外部校准的估算变得困难。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了一个新颖的雷达和激光雷达传感器外校准框架,利用 CycleGAN 作为图像到图像的转换方法。我们提出的方法采用将雷达鸟瞰图像转换为激光雷达式图像的方法来估算 3-DOF 外在参数。使用图像注册技术,以及基于传感器轨迹测量和 B 样条插值的纠偏技术,可以解决旋转传感器中常见的卷帘快门效应。与使用 MulRan 数据集的基于滤波器的方法相比,我们的方法在外差校准方面有显著改进。
{"title":"Imaging radar and LiDAR image translation for 3-DOF extrinsic calibration","authors":"Sangwoo Jung, Hyesu Jang, Minwoo Jung, Ayoung Kim, Myung-Hwan Jeon","doi":"10.1007/s11370-023-00498-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11370-023-00498-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The integration of sensor data is crucial in the field of robotics to take full advantage of the various sensors employed. One critical aspect of this integration is determining the extrinsic calibration parameters, such as the relative transformation, between each sensor. The use of data fusion between complementary sensors, such as radar and LiDAR, can provide significant benefits, particularly in harsh environments where accurate depth data is required. However, noise included in radar sensor data can make the estimation of extrinsic calibration challenging. To address this issue, we present a novel framework for the extrinsic calibration of radar and LiDAR sensors, utilizing CycleGAN as a method of image-to-image translation. Our proposed method employs translating radar bird-eye-view images into LiDAR-style images to estimate the 3-DOF extrinsic parameters. The use of image registration techniques, as well as deskewing based on sensor odometry and B-spline interpolation, is employed to address the rolling shutter effect commonly present in spinning sensors. Our method demonstrates a notable improvement in extrinsic calibration compared to filter-based methods using the MulRan dataset.</p>","PeriodicalId":48813,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent Service Robotics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139105113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, Coyote optimization algorithm (COA) is used for inverse kinematics optimization of a 7 degrees-of-freedom Kuka robot. The Denavit–Hartenberg (D–H) Convention approach is used to compute the forward kinematics of the robotic arm. The fitness functions based on sum of squares of distance and torque are employed to compute the optimized inverse kinematics solution using the COA. A comparative analysis has been conducted with other optimization algorithms including genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and Grey wolf optimization (GWO), artificial bee colony (ABC) optimization, and whale optimization algorithm (WOA) to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach. The experimental results show that the COA leads to least computation error of (3.59 times 10^{-7}) and computation time of 1.405 s as compared to GA, PSO, GWO, ABC, and WOA algorithms. Further, jerk being control input has a major impact on the efficiency of robotic arm. COA is employed to obtain the optimal joint parameters, such as joint velocity, joint acceleration, and joint jerk, respectively. This leads to a minimum jerk trajectory which contributes to the smooth movement of Kuka arm. The simulation of Kuka robotic arm for pick and place operations is performed in CoppeliaSim, which further justifies its usage for real-time applications.
在这项工作中,Coyote 优化算法(COA)被用于 7 自由度库卡机器人的逆运动学优化。Denavit-Hartenberg (D-H) 公约方法用于计算机械臂的正向运动学。利用基于距离和扭矩平方和的拟合函数,使用 COA 计算出优化的逆运动学解决方案。与其他优化算法进行了比较分析,包括遗传算法(GA)、粒子群优化(PSO)和灰狼优化(GWO)、人工蜂群优化(ABC)以及鲸鱼优化算法(WOA),以评估所提出方法的性能。实验结果表明,与 GA、PSO、GWO、ABC 和 WOA 算法相比,COA 的计算误差最小(3.59 倍 10^{-7}),计算时间最短(1.405 秒)。此外,作为控制输入的 jerk 对机械臂的效率有很大影响。采用 COA 算法可分别获得最佳关节参数,如关节速度、关节加速度和关节颠簸。这样就能获得最小运动轨迹,从而使库卡机械臂的运动更加流畅。在 CoppeliaSim 中对用于取放操作的 Kuka 机械臂进行了仿真,这进一步证明了其在实时应用中的合理性。
{"title":"Trajectory planning and inverse kinematics solution of Kuka robot using COA along with pick and place application","authors":"Manpreet Kaur, Venkata Karteek Yanumula, Swati Sondhi","doi":"10.1007/s11370-023-00501-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11370-023-00501-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this work, Coyote optimization algorithm (COA) is used for inverse kinematics optimization of a 7 degrees-of-freedom Kuka robot. The Denavit–Hartenberg (D–H) Convention approach is used to compute the forward kinematics of the robotic arm. The fitness functions based on sum of squares of distance and torque are employed to compute the optimized inverse kinematics solution using the COA. A comparative analysis has been conducted with other optimization algorithms including genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and Grey wolf optimization (GWO), artificial bee colony (ABC) optimization, and whale optimization algorithm (WOA) to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach. The experimental results show that the COA leads to least computation error of <span>(3.59 times 10^{-7})</span> and computation time of 1.405 s as compared to GA, PSO, GWO, ABC, and WOA algorithms. Further, jerk being control input has a major impact on the efficiency of robotic arm. COA is employed to obtain the optimal joint parameters, such as joint velocity, joint acceleration, and joint jerk, respectively. This leads to a minimum jerk trajectory which contributes to the smooth movement of Kuka arm. The simulation of Kuka robotic arm for pick and place operations is performed in CoppeliaSim, which further justifies its usage for real-time applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":48813,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent Service Robotics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139077634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.1007/s11370-023-00497-z
Abstract
The accessible environment and locomotion performance of a robot are governed by the scale of the robot. The operating time and speed can be increased as the scale of the robot increases. However, the size of the robot does limit the accessible environment: the robot cannot pass through a space smaller than its size. Therefore, to explore an environment containing gaps, holes, and crevices, a small-scale robot is required. In this paper, we propose a sub-10 cm, sub-100 g scale jumping–crawling robot. The proposed robot consists of crawling, jumping, and self-righting mechanisms. The combination of crawling and jumping allowed the robot to overcome obstacles of various sizes. To reduce the weight and size of the robot, we employed a smart composite microstructures (SCM) design method and utilized a shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator. All the mechanisms and electronic components were compactly integrated into a single robot. The robot can crawl with the maximum speed of 3.94 cm/s (0.4 BL/s), and jump 19 cm which is 2.2 times its body height.
{"title":"Development of the sub-10 cm, sub-100 g jumping–crawling robot","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s11370-023-00497-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11370-023-00497-z","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>The accessible environment and locomotion performance of a robot are governed by the scale of the robot. The operating time and speed can be increased as the scale of the robot increases. However, the size of the robot does limit the accessible environment: the robot cannot pass through a space smaller than its size. Therefore, to explore an environment containing gaps, holes, and crevices, a small-scale robot is required. In this paper, we propose a sub-10 cm, sub-100 g scale jumping–crawling robot. The proposed robot consists of crawling, jumping, and self-righting mechanisms. The combination of crawling and jumping allowed the robot to overcome obstacles of various sizes. To reduce the weight and size of the robot, we employed a smart composite microstructures (SCM) design method and utilized a shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator. All the mechanisms and electronic components were compactly integrated into a single robot. The robot can crawl with the maximum speed of 3.94 cm/s (0.4 BL/s), and jump 19 cm which is 2.2 times its body height. </p>","PeriodicalId":48813,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent Service Robotics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139067251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-27DOI: 10.1007/s11370-023-00509-y
Abstract
Rehabilitation of the upper and lower limbs is crucial for patients recovering from strokes, surgeries, or injuries. Traditional rehabilitation often takes place in hospitals under the guidance of a therapist, which can delay treatment due to various constraints. This paper proposes a soft robotic device designed to aid in the flexion and extension of both the elbow and knee. The device utilizes pneumatic artificial muscles, constructed from an elastomeric bladder with a threaded mesh exterior, as its actuating mechanism. It operates in two distinct modes: a continuous passive mode, where continuous, repetitive flexion, and extension of limbs are carried out, and an active intent-based assisted mode, which detects a patient's movement intention via surface electromyography (sEMG) and subsequently aids in the movement execution. To test the effectiveness of the device, sEMG electrodes were placed on upper and lower limbs of six healthy male subjects, range of motion, and muscle activity were recorded with and without the device. Also NASA task load index (NASA-TLX) was calculated for the usability of the device. The results indicate the required muscle activity and range of motions for both upper and lower limb rehabilitation are effectively generated in both the modes.
摘要 上肢和下肢的康复对中风、手术或受伤后的病人至关重要。传统的康复训练通常是在医院里由治疗师指导进行的,这可能会因各种限制因素而延误治疗。本文提出了一种软机器人装置,旨在帮助肘部和膝部的屈伸。该装置采用气动人工肌肉作为驱动机制,气动人工肌肉由弹性膀胱和带螺纹的网状外层构成。它有两种不同的工作模式:一种是连续被动模式,即进行连续、重复性的肢体屈伸运动;另一种是基于意图的主动辅助模式,即通过表面肌电图(sEMG)检测患者的运动意图,然后辅助患者进行运动。为了测试该装置的有效性,我们在六名健康男性受试者的上下肢上放置了 sEMG 电极,记录了使用和不使用该装置时的运动范围和肌肉活动。此外,还计算了 NASA 任务负荷指数(NASA-TLX),以确定该装置的可用性。结果表明,在这两种模式下,都能有效生成上肢和下肢康复所需的肌肉活动和运动范围。
{"title":"Pneumatic artificial muscle-based stroke rehabilitation device for upper and lower limbs","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s11370-023-00509-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11370-023-00509-y","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>Rehabilitation of the upper and lower limbs is crucial for patients recovering from strokes, surgeries, or injuries. Traditional rehabilitation often takes place in hospitals under the guidance of a therapist, which can delay treatment due to various constraints. This paper proposes a soft robotic device designed to aid in the flexion and extension of both the elbow and knee. The device utilizes pneumatic artificial muscles, constructed from an elastomeric bladder with a threaded mesh exterior, as its actuating mechanism. It operates in two distinct modes: a continuous passive mode, where continuous, repetitive flexion, and extension of limbs are carried out, and an active intent-based assisted mode, which detects a patient's movement intention via surface electromyography (sEMG) and subsequently aids in the movement execution. To test the effectiveness of the device, sEMG electrodes were placed on upper and lower limbs of six healthy male subjects, range of motion, and muscle activity were recorded with and without the device. Also NASA task load index (NASA-TLX) was calculated for the usability of the device. The results indicate the required muscle activity and range of motions for both upper and lower limb rehabilitation are effectively generated in both the modes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48813,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent Service Robotics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139056010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-26DOI: 10.1007/s11370-023-00506-1
Abstract
Soft surgical robots represent a groundbreaking innovation in the field of medical technology. These robots utilize soft, deformable materials to navigate and interact with delicate structures inside the human body, such as organs and blood vessels, with enhanced safety. They have the potential to transform healthcare by expanding the capabilities of minimally invasive surgeries, targeted drug delivery, and precise diagnostics. They can also reduce patient discomfort, recovery times, and the risk of complications, infections, and accidental injuries. The key to the functionality of soft surgical robots lies in their actuation mechanisms. Various actuation methods have been developed, including pneumatic, magnetic, tendon-driven, smart materials (like shape memory alloys, dielectric elastomer actuators, and ionic polymer–metal composites), and hybrid combinations of these mechanisms. Each actuator type offers unique advantages and challenges, making the selection of the right actuation solution a complex task. This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of these soft actuation mechanisms and their applications in surgical robotics. It delves into the current state of the art in various applications, from endoscopes and catheters to cardiac support devices, bioinspired inchworm robots, and more. While significant progress has been made in the field of soft actuators for surgical robotics, this paper identifies several challenges that must still be overcome to effectively apply these innovations in real-life surgical procedures on human patients.
{"title":"Soft actuators in surgical robotics: a state-of-the-art review","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s11370-023-00506-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11370-023-00506-1","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>Soft surgical robots represent a groundbreaking innovation in the field of medical technology. These robots utilize soft, deformable materials to navigate and interact with delicate structures inside the human body, such as organs and blood vessels, with enhanced safety. They have the potential to transform healthcare by expanding the capabilities of minimally invasive surgeries, targeted drug delivery, and precise diagnostics. They can also reduce patient discomfort, recovery times, and the risk of complications, infections, and accidental injuries. The key to the functionality of soft surgical robots lies in their actuation mechanisms. Various actuation methods have been developed, including pneumatic, magnetic, tendon-driven, smart materials (like shape memory alloys, dielectric elastomer actuators, and ionic polymer–metal composites), and hybrid combinations of these mechanisms. Each actuator type offers unique advantages and challenges, making the selection of the right actuation solution a complex task. This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of these soft actuation mechanisms and their applications in surgical robotics. It delves into the current state of the art in various applications, from endoscopes and catheters to cardiac support devices, bioinspired inchworm robots, and more. While significant progress has been made in the field of soft actuators for surgical robotics, this paper identifies several challenges that must still be overcome to effectively apply these innovations in real-life surgical procedures on human patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":48813,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent Service Robotics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139055867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-21DOI: 10.1007/s11370-023-00499-x
Jean Chagas Vaz, Nicolas Kosanovic, Paul Oh
Material handling loco-manipulation is heavily present in humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HADR) efforts. Consider a scenario requiring human expertise to transcend the physical location of the human body; an approach—harnessing the innately long-range and precise abilities of robotic Avatar technologies—was successfully applied to material handling and loco-manipulation tasks, proving that humanoids may play an integral role in future disaster relief. Typically, first responders, such as firefighters and/or paramedics, must carry, push, pull, and handle objects, facilitating the transportation of goods. Hence, researchers have sought to enable full-sized humanoid robots to perform such essential material handling tasks. This work aims to tackle current limitations in humanoid object interaction capabilities, specifically with common objects such as carts, wheelbarrows, etc. Furthermore, this article compiles many methods to ensure stable gait during cart loco-manipulation. The examined objects range from simple carts (such as rolling and utility carts) to challenging carts (such as wheelbarrows). Thus, the authors present a comprehensive approach to address some of the most convoluted material handling and loco-manipulation challenges in the field of humanoid robotics. Finally, promising results are showcased when ART (Avatar Robotics Telepresence) and humanoid embodiment are applied in the context of loco-manipulation and material handling.
{"title":"ART: Avatar Robotics Telepresence—the future of humanoid material handling loco-manipulation","authors":"Jean Chagas Vaz, Nicolas Kosanovic, Paul Oh","doi":"10.1007/s11370-023-00499-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11370-023-00499-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Material handling loco-manipulation is heavily present in humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HADR) efforts. Consider a scenario requiring human expertise to transcend the physical location of the human body; an approach—harnessing the innately long-range and precise abilities of robotic Avatar technologies—was successfully applied to material handling and loco-manipulation tasks, proving that humanoids may play an integral role in future disaster relief. Typically, first responders, such as firefighters and/or paramedics, must carry, push, pull, and handle objects, facilitating the transportation of goods. Hence, researchers have sought to enable full-sized humanoid robots to perform such essential material handling tasks. This work aims to tackle current limitations in humanoid object interaction capabilities, specifically with common objects such as carts, wheelbarrows, etc. Furthermore, this article compiles many methods to ensure stable gait during cart loco-manipulation. The examined objects range from simple carts (such as rolling and utility carts) to challenging carts (such as wheelbarrows). Thus, the authors present a comprehensive approach to address some of the most convoluted material handling and loco-manipulation challenges in the field of humanoid robotics. Finally, promising results are showcased when ART (Avatar Robotics Telepresence) and humanoid embodiment are applied in the context of loco-manipulation and material handling.</p>","PeriodicalId":48813,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent Service Robotics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139029583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}