Elisbabeth Hüllbusch, L. Brandt, Paul Ende, Jürgen Dengler
In many regions of Central Europe, semi-natural grasslands have experienced severe vegetation changes, e.g. compositional change and overall species loss, because of land use changes, atmospheric nitrogen input and also climate change. Here we analysed the vegetation change in a dry grassland complex (Gabower Hänge) in the Biosphere Reserve Schorfheide-Chorin (NE Brandenburg, Germany), one of the driest regions of the country. We resampled four 10 m2 plots of each of four typical alliances (Festucion valesiacae, Koelerion glaucae, Armerion elongatae, Arrhenatherion elatioris) about 20 years after their original sampling with a recovery accuracy of approx. 10 m. The cover of vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens was recorded in both samplings. The overall compositional change was analysed with a detrended correpondence analysis (DCA). To interpret this change, we calculated unweighted mean Ellenberg indicator values for old and new plots. Furthermore we tested differences in constancy of individual species between old and new plots as well as differences in species richness, cover of herb and cryptogam layer, ecological indicator values and unweighted proportion of species groups (vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens), floristic status (native or not), life forms, CSR-strategy types and Red List species. The results of the ordination indicated no significant vegetation change, but revealed tendencies towards more nutrient-rich conditions. Ellenberg indicator values for nutrients and soil reaction were significantly correlated with the axes of the ordination. There were 28 species exclusively found in the new plots and 45 species of the old plots missing. While no species decreased significantly, there were seven species that increased significantly. Mean species richness was significantly increased in the new plots. There were no significant differences in mean Ellenberg indicator values. Proportions of vascular plants, neophytes, hemicryptophytes and CS-strategists decreased. We conclude that overall vegetation changes are small, indicating that the dry grassland complex at the Gabower Hänge is still in a good state and of high conservation value. This relative stability over time compared to the situation in many other dry grasslands throughout temperate Europe is likely attributable to low nitrogen deposition and the dryness of the local climate. However, the detected tendency towards more nutrient-rich conditions should be taken into account in future management. Manuscript received 14 April 2016, accepted 18 May 2016 Co-ordinating Editor: Balázs Deák 396
{"title":"Little vegetation change during two decades in a dry grassland complex in the Biosphere Reserve Schorfheide-Chorin (NE Germany).","authors":"Elisbabeth Hüllbusch, L. Brandt, Paul Ende, Jürgen Dengler","doi":"10.14471/2016.36.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14471/2016.36.019","url":null,"abstract":"In many regions of Central Europe, semi-natural grasslands have experienced severe vegetation changes, e.g. compositional change and overall species loss, because of land use changes, atmospheric nitrogen input and also climate change. Here we analysed the vegetation change in a dry grassland complex (Gabower Hänge) in the Biosphere Reserve Schorfheide-Chorin (NE Brandenburg, Germany), one of the driest regions of the country. We resampled four 10 m2 plots of each of four typical alliances (Festucion valesiacae, Koelerion glaucae, Armerion elongatae, Arrhenatherion elatioris) about 20 years after their original sampling with a recovery accuracy of approx. 10 m. The cover of vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens was recorded in both samplings. The overall compositional change was analysed with a detrended correpondence analysis (DCA). To interpret this change, we calculated unweighted mean Ellenberg indicator values for old and new plots. Furthermore we tested differences in constancy of individual species between old and new plots as well as differences in species richness, cover of herb and cryptogam layer, ecological indicator values and unweighted proportion of species groups (vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens), floristic status (native or not), life forms, CSR-strategy types and Red List species. The results of the ordination indicated no significant vegetation change, but revealed tendencies towards more nutrient-rich conditions. Ellenberg indicator values for nutrients and soil reaction were significantly correlated with the axes of the ordination. There were 28 species exclusively found in the new plots and 45 species of the old plots missing. While no species decreased significantly, there were seven species that increased significantly. Mean species richness was significantly increased in the new plots. There were no significant differences in mean Ellenberg indicator values. Proportions of vascular plants, neophytes, hemicryptophytes and CS-strategists decreased. We conclude that overall vegetation changes are small, indicating that the dry grassland complex at the Gabower Hänge is still in a good state and of high conservation value. This relative stability over time compared to the situation in many other dry grasslands throughout temperate Europe is likely attributable to low nitrogen deposition and the dryness of the local climate. However, the detected tendency towards more nutrient-rich conditions should be taken into account in future management. Manuscript received 14 April 2016, accepted 18 May 2016 Co-ordinating Editor: Balázs Deák 396","PeriodicalId":48870,"journal":{"name":"Tuexenia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66680779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The majority of studies investigating plant functional traits have used species average trait values, and assumed that average values were sufficiently representative of each species considered. Although this approach has proven valuable in community ecology studies, plant functional traits can significantly vary at different scales, i.e. between but also within populations. The study of species functional trait variability can facilitate increasingly accurate studies in community ecology. Nevertheless, the current extent of within-site plant trait variability has been poorly addressed in the literature. Calcareous grasslands are ecosystems well-suited to study plant trait variation at small spatial scales. Many species are present on heterogeneous calcareous sites, with significant differences in hydric status due to variations in soil depth, soil moisture, aspect, and slope. This study assesses the extent of intra-population functional trait variability and tests the hypothesis that this variability can be explained by within-site environmental heterogeneity. Three functional traits (SLA-specific leaf area, LDMC-leaf dry matter content, and plant vegetative height) were assessed in three populations of four calcareous grassland species totalling 950 individuals. The heterogeneity in soil depth and potential direct incident radiation was also quantified and related to plant functional trait variability. The intra-population functional trait variability was compared to the inter-population variability of collected data and global inter-population variability data obtained from the worldwide TRY functional traits database. The results showed that SLA, LDMC, and plant height are characterized by considerable intra-population variation (SLA: 72–95%, LDMC: 78–100% and vegetative height: 70–94% of trait variability). The results also indicate higher plant height and larger SLA for individuals located in plots with deeper soils or lower potential direct incident radiation, on gentle slopes or north-facing slopes. Our findings additionally support the concept that higher plant height, higher SLA, and lower LDMC are related to higher availability of soil water. Individuals on shallow soils or in more exposed areas are better equipped to cope with environmental stress. Our results indicate plasticity or local adaptation in individuals to environmental heterogeneity. This study suggests that detailed analyses involving plant functional traits require measurements in situ from a large number of individuals, as the degree of individual response strongly depends on an individual’s location and its micro-environmental conditions. Neglecting intra-population trait variability may be critical, as intraspecific variation can be very high at the population scale, and is likely to be driven by local environmental heterogeneity. Manuscript received 26 November 2015, accepted 29 April 2016 Co-ordinating Editor: Thomas Becker 322
{"title":"Functional traits are more variable at the intra- than inter-population level: a study of four calcareous dry-grassland plant species","authors":"Mélanie Harzé, G. Mahy, A. Monty","doi":"10.14471/2016.36.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14471/2016.36.018","url":null,"abstract":"The majority of studies investigating plant functional traits have used species average trait values, and assumed that average values were sufficiently representative of each species considered. Although this approach has proven valuable in community ecology studies, plant functional traits can significantly vary at different scales, i.e. between but also within populations. The study of species functional trait variability can facilitate increasingly accurate studies in community ecology. Nevertheless, the current extent of within-site plant trait variability has been poorly addressed in the literature. Calcareous grasslands are ecosystems well-suited to study plant trait variation at small spatial scales. Many species are present on heterogeneous calcareous sites, with significant differences in hydric status due to variations in soil depth, soil moisture, aspect, and slope. This study assesses the extent of intra-population functional trait variability and tests the hypothesis that this variability can be explained by within-site environmental heterogeneity. Three functional traits (SLA-specific leaf area, LDMC-leaf dry matter content, and plant vegetative height) were assessed in three populations of four calcareous grassland species totalling 950 individuals. The heterogeneity in soil depth and potential direct incident radiation was also quantified and related to plant functional trait variability. The intra-population functional trait variability was compared to the inter-population variability of collected data and global inter-population variability data obtained from the worldwide TRY functional traits database. The results showed that SLA, LDMC, and plant height are characterized by considerable intra-population variation (SLA: 72–95%, LDMC: 78–100% and vegetative height: 70–94% of trait variability). The results also indicate higher plant height and larger SLA for individuals located in plots with deeper soils or lower potential direct incident radiation, on gentle slopes or north-facing slopes. Our findings additionally support the concept that higher plant height, higher SLA, and lower LDMC are related to higher availability of soil water. Individuals on shallow soils or in more exposed areas are better equipped to cope with environmental stress. Our results indicate plasticity or local adaptation in individuals to environmental heterogeneity. This study suggests that detailed analyses involving plant functional traits require measurements in situ from a large number of individuals, as the degree of individual response strongly depends on an individual’s location and its micro-environmental conditions. Neglecting intra-population trait variability may be critical, as intraspecific variation can be very high at the population scale, and is likely to be driven by local environmental heterogeneity. Manuscript received 26 November 2015, accepted 29 April 2016 Co-ordinating Editor: Thomas Becker 322","PeriodicalId":48870,"journal":{"name":"Tuexenia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66680765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Ruprecht, M. Janišová, L. Sutcliffe, S. Boch, T. Becker
Der diesjahrige 10. Trockenrasen-Sonderteil von Tuexenia beginnt mit einem Bericht uber die aktuellen Aktivitaten der European Dry Grassland Group (EDGG). Zunachst geben wir einen Uberblick uber die Entwicklung der Mitgliederzahl. Dann berichten wir vom letzten European Dry Grassland Meeting in Tula (Russland, 2014) und vom letzten European Dry Grassland Field Workshop in Navarra (Spanien, 2014) und informieren uber kunftige Veranstaltungen der EDGG. Anschliesend erlautern wir die Publikationsaktivitaten der EDGG. Im zweiten Teil des Editorials geben wir eine Einfuhrung zu den funf Artikeln des diesjahrigen Trockenrasen-Sonderteils. Zwei Artikel beschaftigen sich mit der Syntaxonomie von Trockenrasen in Ost- bzw. Sudosteuropa: der eine prasentiert erstmalig eine Gesamtklassifikation der Trockenrasengesellschaften Serbiens und des Kosovo wahrend der andere Originalaufnahmen sub-montaner Graslandgesellschaften aus den bislang kaum untersuchten ukrainischen Ostkarpaten analysiert. Zwei weitere Artikel behandeln Trockenrasen-Feuchtwiesen-Komplexe im ungarischen Tiefland: Der eine behandelt den Einfluss der Landnutzung auf die Phytodiversitat von Steppen und Feuchtwiesen, der andere den Einfluss von Niederschlagsschwankungen in einem Zeitraum von drei Jahren auf die Ausbildung salzbeeinflusster Steppen-Feuchtwiesen-Komplexe. Der funfte Artikel analysiert landnutzungsbedingte Veranderungen des Graslands des Tsentralen-Balkan-Nationalparks in Bulgarien uber einen Zeitraum von 65 Jahren
{"title":"Dry grasslands of Central-Eastern and South-Eastern Europe shaped by environmental heterogeneity and human land use – Editorial to the 10th Dry Grassland Special Feature","authors":"E. Ruprecht, M. Janišová, L. Sutcliffe, S. Boch, T. Becker","doi":"10.14471/2015.35.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14471/2015.35.018","url":null,"abstract":"Der diesjahrige 10. Trockenrasen-Sonderteil von Tuexenia beginnt mit einem Bericht uber die aktuellen Aktivitaten der European Dry Grassland Group (EDGG). Zunachst geben wir einen Uberblick uber die Entwicklung der Mitgliederzahl. Dann berichten wir vom letzten European Dry Grassland Meeting in Tula (Russland, 2014) und vom letzten European Dry Grassland Field Workshop in Navarra (Spanien, 2014) und informieren uber kunftige Veranstaltungen der EDGG. Anschliesend erlautern wir die Publikationsaktivitaten der EDGG. Im zweiten Teil des Editorials geben wir eine Einfuhrung zu den funf Artikeln des diesjahrigen Trockenrasen-Sonderteils. Zwei Artikel beschaftigen sich mit der Syntaxonomie von Trockenrasen in Ost- bzw. Sudosteuropa: der eine prasentiert erstmalig eine Gesamtklassifikation der Trockenrasengesellschaften Serbiens und des Kosovo wahrend der andere Originalaufnahmen sub-montaner Graslandgesellschaften aus den bislang kaum untersuchten ukrainischen Ostkarpaten analysiert. Zwei weitere Artikel behandeln Trockenrasen-Feuchtwiesen-Komplexe im ungarischen Tiefland: Der eine behandelt den Einfluss der Landnutzung auf die Phytodiversitat von Steppen und Feuchtwiesen, der andere den Einfluss von Niederschlagsschwankungen in einem Zeitraum von drei Jahren auf die Ausbildung salzbeeinflusster Steppen-Feuchtwiesen-Komplexe. Der funfte Artikel analysiert landnutzungsbedingte Veranderungen des Graslands des Tsentralen-Balkan-Nationalparks in Bulgarien uber einen Zeitraum von 65 Jahren","PeriodicalId":48870,"journal":{"name":"Tuexenia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66680724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Tölgyesi, Z. Bátori, L. Erdős, R. Gallé, L. Körmöczi
Steppes used to cover large areas of Hungary, but most of this vegetation has since been destroyed. In Central Hungary, some patches have survived on ridges in wet meadows. These habitat complexes face profound land use changes and their optimal management regime is uncertain. We identified seven annually mown steppe and wet meadow types according to their grazing regime and history and aimed to answer the following questions: (1) Does grazing have beneficial effects on mown steppes and wet meadows? (2) Should the presently homogeneous management of neighbouring steppes and wet meadows be maintained? (3) Is annual mowing sufficient in assisting the recovery of steppes and wet meadows on former croplands? We selected three localities for each of the seven vegetation types and sampled them with 50 quadrats (50 × 50 cm) in each locality, making a total of 1,050 quadrats. Vascular plant diversity relations were evaluated using the total number of species per habitat type (species richness) and the average number of species per quadrat (microsite diversity). The effect of grazing and history on microsite diversity was tested with linear mixed-effect models. We used Redundancy Analysis to disentangle the role of grazing intensity and management history on species composition. Plant species were then sorted into functional groups, and the proportions of these groups were used to evaluate community structure. Our results indicate that mowing alone cannot maintain as high a diversity as the combination of the two land use types, thus grazing should be introduced to non-grazed areas. Steppes, however, were found more sensitive to the intensity of grazing than wet meadows. Under heavy grazing, no increased microsite diversity was detected in the steppes and the proportion of disturbance indicators tended to increase. In contrast, the same grazing intensity resulted in only positive effects in wet meadows. Thus, uniform land use on adjacent steppes and wet meadows is not recommended but intensive grazing should be stopped on steppes. Secondary steppes were less diverse than primary ones and their community structure was also poorer, whereas wet meadows had a better regeneration potential. Thus, mowing alone is an incomplete tool to restore the plant diversity of secondary steppes; they should also be grazed and/or should be supported by other active interventions.
{"title":"Plant diversity patterns of a Hungarian steppe-wetland mosaic in relation to grazing regime and land use history","authors":"C. Tölgyesi, Z. Bátori, L. Erdős, R. Gallé, L. Körmöczi","doi":"10.14471/2015.35.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14471/2015.35.006","url":null,"abstract":"Steppes used to cover large areas of Hungary, but most of this vegetation has since been destroyed. In Central Hungary, some patches have survived on ridges in wet meadows. These habitat complexes face profound land use changes and their optimal management regime is uncertain. We identified seven annually mown steppe and wet meadow types according to their grazing regime and history and aimed to answer the following questions: (1) Does grazing have beneficial effects on mown steppes and wet meadows? (2) Should the presently homogeneous management of neighbouring steppes and wet meadows be maintained? (3) Is annual mowing sufficient in assisting the recovery of steppes and wet meadows on former croplands? We selected three localities for each of the seven vegetation types and sampled them with 50 quadrats (50 × 50 cm) in each locality, making a total of 1,050 quadrats. Vascular plant diversity relations were evaluated using the total number of species per habitat type (species richness) and the average number of species per quadrat (microsite diversity). The effect of grazing and history on microsite diversity was tested with linear mixed-effect models. We used Redundancy Analysis to disentangle the role of grazing intensity and management history on species composition. Plant species were then sorted into functional groups, and the proportions of these groups were used to evaluate community structure. Our results indicate that mowing alone cannot maintain as high a diversity as the combination of the two land use types, thus grazing should be introduced to non-grazed areas. Steppes, however, were found more sensitive to the intensity of grazing than wet meadows. Under heavy grazing, no increased microsite diversity was detected in the steppes and the proportion of disturbance indicators tended to increase. In contrast, the same grazing intensity resulted in only positive effects in wet meadows. Thus, uniform land use on adjacent steppes and wet meadows is not recommended but intensive grazing should be stopped on steppes. Secondary steppes were less diverse than primary ones and their community structure was also poorer, whereas wet meadows had a better regeneration potential. Thus, mowing alone is an incomplete tool to restore the plant diversity of secondary steppes; they should also be grazed and/or should be supported by other active interventions.","PeriodicalId":48870,"journal":{"name":"Tuexenia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66680666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Lukács, P. Török, A. Kelemen, G. Várbíró, Szilvia Radócz, Tamás Miglécz, B. Tóthmérész, O. Valkó
Knowledge about the drivers of vegetation dynamics in grasslands is fundamental to select appro-priate management for conservation purposes. In this study, we provide a detailed analysis of vegeta-tion dynamics in alkali grasslands, a priority habitat of the Natura 2000 network. We studied vegetation dynamics in five stands of four alkali grassland types in the Hortobagy National Park (eastern Hunga-ry), between 2009 and 2011. We analysed the effect of fluctuations in precipitation on both the overall vegetation composition and on the cover of each species using Self Organizing Map neural networks (SOM). We found that SOM is a promising tool to reveal plant community dynamics. As we analysed species cover and overall vegetation composition separately, we were able to identify the species re-sponsible for particular vegetation changes. Fluctuations in precipitation (a dry season, followed by a wet and an average season) caused quick shifts in plant species composition because of an increasing cover of halophyte forbs, probably because of salinisation. We observed a similar effect of stress from waterlogging in all studied grassland types. The species composition of Puccinellia grasslands was the most stable over the three years with varying precipitation. This was important as this grassland type contained many threatened halophyte species. Self-organising maps revealed small-scale vegetation changes and provided a detailed visualisation of short-term vegetation dynamics, thus we suggest that the application of this method is also promising to reveal community dynamics in more species-rich habitat types or landscapes.
{"title":"Rainfall fluctuations and vegetation patterns in alkali grasslands - using self-organizing maps to visualise vegetation dynamics","authors":"B. Lukács, P. Török, A. Kelemen, G. Várbíró, Szilvia Radócz, Tamás Miglécz, B. Tóthmérész, O. Valkó","doi":"10.14471/2015.35.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14471/2015.35.011","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge about the drivers of vegetation dynamics in grasslands is fundamental to select appro-priate management for conservation purposes. In this study, we provide a detailed analysis of vegeta-tion dynamics in alkali grasslands, a priority habitat of the Natura 2000 network. We studied vegetation dynamics in five stands of four alkali grassland types in the Hortobagy National Park (eastern Hunga-ry), between 2009 and 2011. We analysed the effect of fluctuations in precipitation on both the overall vegetation composition and on the cover of each species using Self Organizing Map neural networks (SOM). We found that SOM is a promising tool to reveal plant community dynamics. As we analysed species cover and overall vegetation composition separately, we were able to identify the species re-sponsible for particular vegetation changes. Fluctuations in precipitation (a dry season, followed by a wet and an average season) caused quick shifts in plant species composition because of an increasing cover of halophyte forbs, probably because of salinisation. We observed a similar effect of stress from waterlogging in all studied grassland types. The species composition of Puccinellia grasslands was the most stable over the three years with varying precipitation. This was important as this grassland type contained many threatened halophyte species. Self-organising maps revealed small-scale vegetation changes and provided a detailed visualisation of short-term vegetation dynamics, thus we suggest that the application of this method is also promising to reveal community dynamics in more species-rich habitat types or landscapes.","PeriodicalId":48870,"journal":{"name":"Tuexenia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66680711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
1) Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Dumbierska 1, 97411 Banska Bystrica, Slovakia, monika.janisova@gmail.com; 2) University of Bern, Institute of Plant Sciences (IPS) and Botanical Garden, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland, steffen.boch@ips.unibe.ch; 3) Babes-Bolyai University Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Republicii Street 42, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania, eszter.ruprecht@ubbcluj.ro; 4) Tallinn University of Technology, Institute of Geology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia, triin.reitalu@mail.ee; 5) University of Trier, Spatial and Environmental Sciences / Geobotany, Behringstrase 21, 54296 Trier, Germany, beckerth@uni-trier.de; *Corresponding author
{"title":"Continental dry grasslands from range margin to range centre - Editorial to the 9th Dry Grassland Special Feature","authors":"S. Boch, E. Ruprecht, T. Reitalu, T. Becker","doi":"10.14471/2014.34.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14471/2014.34.021","url":null,"abstract":"1) Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Dumbierska 1, 97411 Banska Bystrica, Slovakia, monika.janisova@gmail.com; 2) University of Bern, Institute of Plant Sciences (IPS) and Botanical Garden, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland, steffen.boch@ips.unibe.ch; 3) Babes-Bolyai University Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Republicii Street 42, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania, eszter.ruprecht@ubbcluj.ro; 4) Tallinn University of Technology, Institute of Geology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia, triin.reitalu@mail.ee; 5) University of Trier, Spatial and Environmental Sciences / Geobotany, Behringstrase 21, 54296 Trier, Germany, beckerth@uni-trier.de; *Corresponding author","PeriodicalId":48870,"journal":{"name":"Tuexenia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66680657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wet meadows are transitional habitats between wetlands and dry-mesophilous grasslands; thus, they are vital in sustaining biodiversity as sources, stepping stones and green corridors of species dispersal. It is especially valid for inland alkali vegetation, where high landscape-scale patchiness is typical and rapid shifts between vegetation types occur frequently. Solonetz meadows (Beckmannion eruciformis) are among the best-preserved open habitats in Europe harbouring a unique flora including several endemics. Besides their importance, studies on the vegetation of solonetz meadows are scarce even though this knowledge would be vital for their effective conservation and management. Using own records and literature data, we provide a synthesis of the alliance Beckmannion eruciformis to charac-terise its associations floristically and ecologically in five regions along the river Tisza, East Hungary. We studied three associations of the alliance: (i) Agrostio stoloniferae-Alopecuretum pratensis, (ii) Agrostio stoloniferae-Beckmannietum eruciformis and (iii) Agrostio stoloniferae-Glycerietum pedi-cellatae. We found that solonetz meadow associations were separated along a moisture gradient with Agrostio stoloniferae-Alopecuretum pratensis at the drier end and Agrostio stoloniferae-Glycerietum pedicellateae at the wet end. This gradient was also justified by the distribution of the phytosociological groups. The proportion of species of Festuco-Brometea division was the highest in Agrostio stolonifer-ae-Alopecuretum pratensis, while the proportion of Cypero-Phragmitetea species was the highest in Agrostio stoloniferae-Glycerietum pedicellateae. Species of Puccinellio-Salicornetea had the highest proportion in Agrostio stoloniferae-Beckmannietum eruciformis, indicating the high soil salinity of this association. Our results suggest that Agrostio stoloniferae-Alopecuretum pratensis association plays an important role in preserving the continental flora elements of the surrounding dry grasslands. The ecological indicator values for soil moisture and salinity suggest that in case of the studied solonetz meadow associations, humidity increases with decreasing elevation, while salinity is highest at medium elevations. Our results suggest that Agrostio stoloniferae-Beckmannietum eruciformis is a transition towards salt marsh associations, while Agrostio stoloniferae-Glycerietum pedicellatae is a transition towards freshwater marshes. Our results show that preserving solonetz meadows is an important task for nature conservation as they have a crucial role in maintaining landscape-scale species and habitat diversity and act as buffer zones around wetlands.
{"title":"Solonetz meadow vegetation (Beckmannion eruciformis) in East-Hungary – an alliance driven by moisture and salinity","authors":"B. Deák, O. Valkó, P. Török, B. Tóthmérész","doi":"10.14471/2014.34.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14471/2014.34.004","url":null,"abstract":"Wet meadows are transitional habitats between wetlands and dry-mesophilous grasslands; thus, they are vital in sustaining biodiversity as sources, stepping stones and green corridors of species dispersal. It is especially valid for inland alkali vegetation, where high landscape-scale patchiness is typical and rapid shifts between vegetation types occur frequently. Solonetz meadows (Beckmannion eruciformis) are among the best-preserved open habitats in Europe harbouring a unique flora including several endemics. Besides their importance, studies on the vegetation of solonetz meadows are scarce even though this knowledge would be vital for their effective conservation and management. Using own records and literature data, we provide a synthesis of the alliance Beckmannion eruciformis to charac-terise its associations floristically and ecologically in five regions along the river Tisza, East Hungary. We studied three associations of the alliance: (i) Agrostio stoloniferae-Alopecuretum pratensis, (ii) Agrostio stoloniferae-Beckmannietum eruciformis and (iii) Agrostio stoloniferae-Glycerietum pedi-cellatae. We found that solonetz meadow associations were separated along a moisture gradient with Agrostio stoloniferae-Alopecuretum pratensis at the drier end and Agrostio stoloniferae-Glycerietum pedicellateae at the wet end. This gradient was also justified by the distribution of the phytosociological groups. The proportion of species of Festuco-Brometea division was the highest in Agrostio stolonifer-ae-Alopecuretum pratensis, while the proportion of Cypero-Phragmitetea species was the highest in Agrostio stoloniferae-Glycerietum pedicellateae. Species of Puccinellio-Salicornetea had the highest proportion in Agrostio stoloniferae-Beckmannietum eruciformis, indicating the high soil salinity of this association. Our results suggest that Agrostio stoloniferae-Alopecuretum pratensis association plays an important role in preserving the continental flora elements of the surrounding dry grasslands. The ecological indicator values for soil moisture and salinity suggest that in case of the studied solonetz meadow associations, humidity increases with decreasing elevation, while salinity is highest at medium elevations. Our results suggest that Agrostio stoloniferae-Beckmannietum eruciformis is a transition towards salt marsh associations, while Agrostio stoloniferae-Glycerietum pedicellatae is a transition towards freshwater marshes. Our results show that preserving solonetz meadows is an important task for nature conservation as they have a crucial role in maintaining landscape-scale species and habitat diversity and act as buffer zones around wetlands.","PeriodicalId":48870,"journal":{"name":"Tuexenia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66680645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Pedashenko, I. Apostolova, S. Boch, A. Ganeva, M. Janišová, Desislava Sopotlieva, S. Todorova, A. Ünal, K. Vassilev, N. Velev, Jürgen Dengler
We present the data of the 3rdresearch expedition of the European Dry Grasslands Group (EDGG), which was conducted in 2011 in two contrasting areas in NW Bulgarian mountains. The aim was to collect plot data for comparing Bulgarian dry grasslands with those of other parts of Europe in terms of syntaxonomy and biodiversity. We sampled 15 nested-plot series (0.0001–100 m²) and 68 normal plots(10 m²) covering the full variety of dry grassland types occurring in the Vratsa area (Balkan Mts.) and the Koprivshtitsa area (Sredna Gora Mt.). In the plots all vascular plants, terricolous non-vascular plants and a set of soil and other environmental parameters were determined. By applying modified TWIN-SPAN, we distinguished 10 floristically well characterised vegetation types at the association level. After comparison with the regional and European literature, we propose to place them within three classes and five orders: Festuco-Brometea with the orders Stipo pulcherrimae-Festucetalia pallentis (xerophilous dry grasslands of base-rich rocks; alliance Saturejion montanae), Brachypodietalia pinnate (meso-xeric, basiphilous grasslands; alliances Cirsio-Brachypodion pinnate and Chyrsopogono grylli-Danthonion calycinae),Calluno-Ulicetea with the order Nardetalia stricae (lowland to montane Nardus swards; alliance Violion caninae), and Koelerio-Corynephoretea with the orders Sedo-Scleranthetalia (open communities of skeleton-rich, acidic soils; alliance unclear) and Trifolioarvensis-Festucetalia ovinae(closed, meso-xeric, acidophilous grasslands; alliance Armerio rumelicae-Potentillion). The Violion caninae with the association Festuco rubrae-Genistelletum sagittalisis reported from Bulgaria for the first time, while the two occurring Koelerio-Corynephoretea communities are described as new associations (Cetrario aculeatae-Plantaginetum radicatae, Plantagini radicatae-Agrostietum capillaris). According to DCA the main floristic gradient was largely determined by soil conditions, differentiating the Festuco-Brometea communities on soils with high pH and high humus content from the Koelerio-Corynephoretea communities on acidic, humus-poor soils, while the Calluno-Ulicetea stands are the connecting link. At 10 m² Festuco-Brometea and Calluno-Ulicetea stands were richer in species across all investigated taxa and in vascular plants than Koelerio-Corynephoretea stands; the latter were richest in lichen species, while bryophyte richness did not differ significantly among syntaxa. Among the Bulgarian classes, the species-area relationships tended to be steepest in the Festuco-Brometea (i.e. highest beta diversity), but both alpha and beta diversity clearly fell behind the Festuco-Brometea communities in the Transylvanian Plateau, Romania, located less than 500 km north of the study region. Overall, our study contributes to a more adequate placement of the Bulgarian dry grasslands in the European syntaxonomic system and provides valuable data for large-scale analyses o
{"title":"Dry grasslands of NW Bulgarian mountains: first insights into diversity, ecology and syntaxonomy","authors":"H. Pedashenko, I. Apostolova, S. Boch, A. Ganeva, M. Janišová, Desislava Sopotlieva, S. Todorova, A. Ünal, K. Vassilev, N. Velev, Jürgen Dengler","doi":"10.7892/BORIS.38710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7892/BORIS.38710","url":null,"abstract":"We present the data of the 3rdresearch expedition of the European Dry Grasslands Group (EDGG), which was conducted in 2011 in two contrasting areas in NW Bulgarian mountains. The aim was to collect plot data for comparing Bulgarian dry grasslands with those of other parts of Europe in terms of syntaxonomy and biodiversity. We sampled 15 nested-plot series (0.0001–100 m²) and 68 normal plots(10 m²) covering the full variety of dry grassland types occurring in the Vratsa area (Balkan Mts.) and the Koprivshtitsa area (Sredna Gora Mt.). In the plots all vascular plants, terricolous non-vascular plants and a set of soil and other environmental parameters were determined. By applying modified TWIN-SPAN, we distinguished 10 floristically well characterised vegetation types at the association level. After comparison with the regional and European literature, we propose to place them within three classes and five orders: Festuco-Brometea with the orders Stipo pulcherrimae-Festucetalia pallentis (xerophilous dry grasslands of base-rich rocks; alliance Saturejion montanae), Brachypodietalia pinnate (meso-xeric, basiphilous grasslands; alliances Cirsio-Brachypodion pinnate and Chyrsopogono grylli-Danthonion calycinae),Calluno-Ulicetea with the order Nardetalia stricae (lowland to montane Nardus swards; alliance Violion caninae), and Koelerio-Corynephoretea with the orders Sedo-Scleranthetalia (open communities of skeleton-rich, acidic soils; alliance unclear) and Trifolioarvensis-Festucetalia ovinae(closed, meso-xeric, acidophilous grasslands; alliance Armerio rumelicae-Potentillion). The Violion caninae with the association Festuco rubrae-Genistelletum sagittalisis reported from Bulgaria for the first time, while the two occurring Koelerio-Corynephoretea communities are described as new associations (Cetrario aculeatae-Plantaginetum radicatae, Plantagini radicatae-Agrostietum capillaris). According to DCA the main floristic gradient was largely determined by soil conditions, differentiating the Festuco-Brometea communities on soils with high pH and high humus content from the Koelerio-Corynephoretea communities on acidic, humus-poor soils, while the Calluno-Ulicetea stands are the connecting link. At 10 m² Festuco-Brometea and Calluno-Ulicetea stands were richer in species across all investigated taxa and in vascular plants than Koelerio-Corynephoretea stands; the latter were richest in lichen species, while bryophyte richness did not differ significantly among syntaxa. Among the Bulgarian classes, the species-area relationships tended to be steepest in the Festuco-Brometea (i.e. highest beta diversity), but both alpha and beta diversity clearly fell behind the Festuco-Brometea communities in the Transylvanian Plateau, Romania, located less than 500 km north of the study region. Overall, our study contributes to a more adequate placement of the Bulgarian dry grasslands in the European syntaxonomic system and provides valuable data for large-scale analyses o","PeriodicalId":48870,"journal":{"name":"Tuexenia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71357330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-01-01DOI: 10.24355/DBBS.084-200511080100-284
D. Brandes
Die vorliegende Arbeit beschaftigt sich mit der Flora und Vegetation von Stadtmauern in verschiedenen Gegenden Mittel-, West- und Sudeuropas (Deutschland, Frankreich, Italien, Malta, Mallorca, Portugal). Besonderes Gewicht wird auf die Erfassung der Diversitat der Flora gelegt. Ihre Abhangigkeit von verschiedenen Einflusgrosen wie Baustoff, Erhaltungszustand der Mauer sowie Einflus der Umgebung wird untersucht. Bereiche mit quasihomogener Vegetation werden mit pflanzensoziologischen Aufnahmen dokumentiert. In Mitteleuropa nordlich der Alpen wird der spontane Bewuchs der Stadtmauern vor allem von Ruderalpflanzen, aber auch von Arten der Trockenrasen und der Walder aufgebaut, wahrend Asplenietea-Arten bis auf Asplenium ruta-muraria-Bestande und Cymbalaria muralis-Bestande nur eine geringe Rolle spielen. In wintermilden Gebieten Frankreichs sind Parietarietalia-Arten in den Mauerfugen viel starker als in Mitteleuropa vertreten, was auch fur den Alpensudrand gilt. Im (west)-mediterranen Raum ist Parietaria judaica die haufigste Art der Stadtmauern, gebietsweise dominieren Capparis spinosa, Antirrhinum siculum oder Antirrhinum majus ssp. linkianum. Alte Stadtmauern konnen einen erheblichen Artenreichtum aufweisen. Mauerkronen, Mauerfugen und Mauerfuse stellen fur eine Reihe gefahrdeter synanthroper Arten wichtige Refugien dar. Stadtmauern besitzen daher eine grose Bedeutung fur den Naturschutz, besonders im Flachland, da sie dort oft die einzigen alten Mauern sind. Erhaltungsprobleme und Interessenkonflikte mit dem Denkmalschutz werden eingehend diskutiert.
{"title":"Flora und Vegetation von Stadtmauern","authors":"D. Brandes","doi":"10.24355/DBBS.084-200511080100-284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24355/DBBS.084-200511080100-284","url":null,"abstract":"Die vorliegende Arbeit beschaftigt sich mit der Flora und Vegetation von Stadtmauern in verschiedenen Gegenden Mittel-, West- und Sudeuropas (Deutschland, Frankreich, Italien, Malta, Mallorca, Portugal). Besonderes Gewicht wird auf die Erfassung der Diversitat der Flora gelegt. Ihre Abhangigkeit von verschiedenen Einflusgrosen wie Baustoff, Erhaltungszustand der Mauer sowie Einflus der Umgebung wird untersucht. Bereiche mit quasihomogener Vegetation werden mit pflanzensoziologischen Aufnahmen dokumentiert. In Mitteleuropa nordlich der Alpen wird der spontane Bewuchs der Stadtmauern vor allem von Ruderalpflanzen, aber auch von Arten der Trockenrasen und der Walder aufgebaut, wahrend Asplenietea-Arten bis auf Asplenium ruta-muraria-Bestande und Cymbalaria muralis-Bestande nur eine geringe Rolle spielen. In wintermilden Gebieten Frankreichs sind Parietarietalia-Arten in den Mauerfugen viel starker als in Mitteleuropa vertreten, was auch fur den Alpensudrand gilt. Im (west)-mediterranen Raum ist Parietaria judaica die haufigste Art der Stadtmauern, gebietsweise dominieren Capparis spinosa, Antirrhinum siculum oder Antirrhinum majus ssp. linkianum. Alte Stadtmauern konnen einen erheblichen Artenreichtum aufweisen. Mauerkronen, Mauerfugen und Mauerfuse stellen fur eine Reihe gefahrdeter synanthroper Arten wichtige Refugien dar. Stadtmauern besitzen daher eine grose Bedeutung fur den Naturschutz, besonders im Flachland, da sie dort oft die einzigen alten Mauern sind. Erhaltungsprobleme und Interessenkonflikte mit dem Denkmalschutz werden eingehend diskutiert.","PeriodicalId":48870,"journal":{"name":"Tuexenia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68918421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-01-01DOI: 10.24355/DBBS.084-200511080100-291
D. Brandes
Die insubrische Flora zeichnet sich durch einen grosen Anteil von Neophyten aus, wobei insbesondere das Vorkommen zahlreicher ostasiatischer Sippen bemerkenswert ist. Da uber die einzelnen Arten bislang nur wenig bekannt ist, wird das pflanzenphysiologische Verhalten von Ailanthus altissima, Artemisia verlotiorum, Buddleja davidii, Duchesnea indica, Erigeron karvinskianus und Impatiens balfourii untersucht.
{"title":"Zur Soziologie einiger Neophyten des insubrischen Gebietes","authors":"D. Brandes","doi":"10.24355/DBBS.084-200511080100-291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24355/DBBS.084-200511080100-291","url":null,"abstract":"Die insubrische Flora zeichnet sich durch einen grosen Anteil von Neophyten aus, wobei insbesondere das Vorkommen zahlreicher ostasiatischer Sippen bemerkenswert ist. Da uber die einzelnen Arten bislang nur wenig bekannt ist, wird das pflanzenphysiologische Verhalten von Ailanthus altissima, Artemisia verlotiorum, Buddleja davidii, Duchesnea indica, Erigeron karvinskianus und Impatiens balfourii untersucht.","PeriodicalId":48870,"journal":{"name":"Tuexenia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68918471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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