Shaik Mohammad Altaff, T. R. Rajeswari, C. Subramanyam
Abstract An efficient and greener method is developed for the synthesis of α-aminophosphonates via Kabachnik–Fields reaction in solvent free condition using microwave irradiation technique. For all of the compounds, an in silico ADMET and molecular docking study was conducted to get insight on the drug likeliness behavior as well as their ability to block the enzyme α-amylase. The compounds with significant binding affinity and significant pharmacokinetic characteristics were produced. The newly produced compounds were spectroscopically analyzed to confirm their structure, and in vitro α-amylase inhibitory activity was also tested for all of them. The compounds 8j (half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), 100.5 ± 0.2 μg·mL−1) showed better inhibitory activity than the reference drug, acarbose. The compounds 8d (IC50, 108.6 ± 0.2 μg·mL−1), 8g (IC50, 110.9 ± 0.3 μg·mL−1), 8h (IC50, 115.0 ± 0.1 μg·mL−1), and 8f (IC50, 118.9 ± 0.2 μg·mL−1) have been reported to exhibit significant inhibition toward the target enzyme. All the leftover compounds displayed modest to excellent inhibition through IC50 values in the range from 122.3 ± 0.3 to 154.3 ± 0.6 μg·mL−1 while comparing with the reference drug, Acarbose (IC50, 103.2 ± 0.7 μg·mL−1). The results disclosed that the majority of these compounds exhibit significant α-amylase inhibitory activity.
{"title":"In silico ADMET, molecular docking study, and nano Sb2O3-catalyzed microwave-mediated synthesis of new α-aminophosphonates as potential anti-diabetic agents","authors":"Shaik Mohammad Altaff, T. R. Rajeswari, C. Subramanyam","doi":"10.1515/mgmc-2022-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mgmc-2022-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract An efficient and greener method is developed for the synthesis of α-aminophosphonates via Kabachnik–Fields reaction in solvent free condition using microwave irradiation technique. For all of the compounds, an in silico ADMET and molecular docking study was conducted to get insight on the drug likeliness behavior as well as their ability to block the enzyme α-amylase. The compounds with significant binding affinity and significant pharmacokinetic characteristics were produced. The newly produced compounds were spectroscopically analyzed to confirm their structure, and in vitro α-amylase inhibitory activity was also tested for all of them. The compounds 8j (half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), 100.5 ± 0.2 μg·mL−1) showed better inhibitory activity than the reference drug, acarbose. The compounds 8d (IC50, 108.6 ± 0.2 μg·mL−1), 8g (IC50, 110.9 ± 0.3 μg·mL−1), 8h (IC50, 115.0 ± 0.1 μg·mL−1), and 8f (IC50, 118.9 ± 0.2 μg·mL−1) have been reported to exhibit significant inhibition toward the target enzyme. All the leftover compounds displayed modest to excellent inhibition through IC50 values in the range from 122.3 ± 0.3 to 154.3 ± 0.6 μg·mL−1 while comparing with the reference drug, Acarbose (IC50, 103.2 ± 0.7 μg·mL−1). The results disclosed that the majority of these compounds exhibit significant α-amylase inhibitory activity.","PeriodicalId":48891,"journal":{"name":"Main Group Metal Chemistry","volume":"45 1","pages":"225 - 241"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43545461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are permeable substances with a high porosity volume, excellent chemical stability, and a distinctive shape created by strong interactions between metal ions and organic ligands. Work on the synthesis, structures, and properties of numerous MOFs demonstrates their usefulness in a variety of applications, including energy storage devices with good electrode materials, gas storage, heterogeneous catalysis, and chemical assessment. The physico-chemical characteristics of the chemical compounds in the underlying molecular graph or structure are predicted by a topological index, which is a numerical invariant. In this article, we look at two different metal-organic frameworks in terms of the number of layers, as well as metal and organic ligands. We compute the reduced reverse degree-based topological indices and some closed neighbourhood degree sum-based topological indices for these frameworks.
{"title":"On computation of the reduced reverse degree and neighbourhood degree sum-based topological indices for metal-organic frameworks","authors":"V. Ravi, Kalyani Desikan","doi":"10.1515/mgmc-2022-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mgmc-2022-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are permeable substances with a high porosity volume, excellent chemical stability, and a distinctive shape created by strong interactions between metal ions and organic ligands. Work on the synthesis, structures, and properties of numerous MOFs demonstrates their usefulness in a variety of applications, including energy storage devices with good electrode materials, gas storage, heterogeneous catalysis, and chemical assessment. The physico-chemical characteristics of the chemical compounds in the underlying molecular graph or structure are predicted by a topological index, which is a numerical invariant. In this article, we look at two different metal-organic frameworks in terms of the number of layers, as well as metal and organic ligands. We compute the reduced reverse degree-based topological indices and some closed neighbourhood degree sum-based topological indices for these frameworks.","PeriodicalId":48891,"journal":{"name":"Main Group Metal Chemistry","volume":"45 1","pages":"92 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42668935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are a member of nanomaterials family that have been produced on a large scale and their toxicity affected by their high surface-to-volume ratio. The hemolytic toxic effects of metal oxide NPs may be completely different from those observed in their bulk counterparts. So, the main purpose of this research was to measure the difference between the hemolytic effects of ZnO (NPs and bulk) on isolated human red blood cells (RBCs). Hemolysis was measured after incubation of human RBCs with 0.01–1 mM of ZnO (bulk and NPs) for 6 h. For measurement of other variables, human RBCs were treated with 0.1 mM of ZnO (NPs and bulk) for 1, 2, and 3 h. Our results demonstrate that bulk ZnO did not show any toxic effects in the concentrations tested, while ZnO NPs caused toxic hemolytic effects through formation of ROS, lipid peroxidation, and glutathione depletion.
{"title":"Comparative toxic effect of bulk zinc oxide (ZnO) and ZnO nanoparticles on human red blood cells","authors":"Maryam Salami, M. Khosravi, M. Zarei","doi":"10.1515/mgmc-2022-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mgmc-2022-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are a member of nanomaterials family that have been produced on a large scale and their toxicity affected by their high surface-to-volume ratio. The hemolytic toxic effects of metal oxide NPs may be completely different from those observed in their bulk counterparts. So, the main purpose of this research was to measure the difference between the hemolytic effects of ZnO (NPs and bulk) on isolated human red blood cells (RBCs). Hemolysis was measured after incubation of human RBCs with 0.01–1 mM of ZnO (bulk and NPs) for 6 h. For measurement of other variables, human RBCs were treated with 0.1 mM of ZnO (NPs and bulk) for 1, 2, and 3 h. Our results demonstrate that bulk ZnO did not show any toxic effects in the concentrations tested, while ZnO NPs caused toxic hemolytic effects through formation of ROS, lipid peroxidation, and glutathione depletion.","PeriodicalId":48891,"journal":{"name":"Main Group Metal Chemistry","volume":"45 1","pages":"219 - 224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41587919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Xu, Ming-yue Cui, Yue-Xian Zhang, Limin Chang, Z. Kong, Zhan-lin Xu
Abstract A cadmium coordination polymer, [Cd(1,4-NDC)(L)] n (1), has been hydrothermally synthesized by using 1-(1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl)naphthalen-2-ol (L) and 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (1,4-H2NDC). The complex 1 was characterized by diffraction and elemental analyses. In complex 1, the cadmium ion is distorted octahedral coordinated linking the deprotonated 1,4-NDC anion to form a two-dimensional (2D) layer, and the 2D layer are associated into 3D supramolecular structure via the strong π–π stacking interactions from the conjugated L ligands. In addition, thermogravimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, and the solid-state photoluminescent properties of complex 1 were also studied.
{"title":"Synthesis and crystal structure of one new cadmium coordination polymer constructed by phenanthroline derivate and 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid","authors":"N. Xu, Ming-yue Cui, Yue-Xian Zhang, Limin Chang, Z. Kong, Zhan-lin Xu","doi":"10.1515/mgmc-2022-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mgmc-2022-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A cadmium coordination polymer, [Cd(1,4-NDC)(L)] n (1), has been hydrothermally synthesized by using 1-(1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl)naphthalen-2-ol (L) and 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (1,4-H2NDC). The complex 1 was characterized by diffraction and elemental analyses. In complex 1, the cadmium ion is distorted octahedral coordinated linking the deprotonated 1,4-NDC anion to form a two-dimensional (2D) layer, and the 2D layer are associated into 3D supramolecular structure via the strong π–π stacking interactions from the conjugated L ligands. In addition, thermogravimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, and the solid-state photoluminescent properties of complex 1 were also studied.","PeriodicalId":48891,"journal":{"name":"Main Group Metal Chemistry","volume":"45 1","pages":"86 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42142009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Daraz, T. Ansari, Shafique Ahmad Arain, M. Mansoor, M. Mazhar
Abstract Thin films of thallium sulphide (Tl2S) were grown on the FTO surface at three different temperatures (500°C, 550°C, and 600°C) using the aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition approach. A thallium diethyldithiocarbamate (Tl[CNS2(C2H5)3]) complex was used as a single-source precursor in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent under an inert atmosphere of argon in all deposition experiments. The impact of deposition temperature on structural, morphological, and optical properties of Tl2S thin films was explored using different experimental techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron (FESEM) microscopy, and UV-visible spectrophotometry. XRD analysis specifies that crystallite size varies from 120 to 90 nm with the increase in temperature from 500°C to 600°C. FESEM results revealed that Tl2S films were grown as hexagonal, petals, and marigold flower-like particles at 500°C, 550°C, and 600°C, respectively. UV-visible spectrophotometric analysis shows a decrease in band gap energies with temperature: 1.92 eV at 500°C, 1.72 eV at 550°C, and 1.42 eV at 600°C. The photoelectrochemical measurement in terms of linear sweep voltammetry confirms that the temperature variation has a significant effect on the photoconversion efficiency of Tl2S thin films, and photocurrent density increases from 0.56 to 0.76 mA·cm−2 when the temperature is increased from 500°C to 600°C. Graphical abstract Tl2S thin films were fabricated via the AACVD route at three different temperatures and linear sweep voltammetry results.
{"title":"Effect of substrate temperature on structural, optical, and photoelectrochemical properties of Tl2S thin films fabricated using AACVD technique","authors":"U. Daraz, T. Ansari, Shafique Ahmad Arain, M. Mansoor, M. Mazhar","doi":"10.1515/mgmc-2022-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mgmc-2022-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Thin films of thallium sulphide (Tl2S) were grown on the FTO surface at three different temperatures (500°C, 550°C, and 600°C) using the aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition approach. A thallium diethyldithiocarbamate (Tl[CNS2(C2H5)3]) complex was used as a single-source precursor in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent under an inert atmosphere of argon in all deposition experiments. The impact of deposition temperature on structural, morphological, and optical properties of Tl2S thin films was explored using different experimental techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron (FESEM) microscopy, and UV-visible spectrophotometry. XRD analysis specifies that crystallite size varies from 120 to 90 nm with the increase in temperature from 500°C to 600°C. FESEM results revealed that Tl2S films were grown as hexagonal, petals, and marigold flower-like particles at 500°C, 550°C, and 600°C, respectively. UV-visible spectrophotometric analysis shows a decrease in band gap energies with temperature: 1.92 eV at 500°C, 1.72 eV at 550°C, and 1.42 eV at 600°C. The photoelectrochemical measurement in terms of linear sweep voltammetry confirms that the temperature variation has a significant effect on the photoconversion efficiency of Tl2S thin films, and photocurrent density increases from 0.56 to 0.76 mA·cm−2 when the temperature is increased from 500°C to 600°C. Graphical abstract Tl2S thin films were fabricated via the AACVD route at three different temperatures and linear sweep voltammetry results.","PeriodicalId":48891,"journal":{"name":"Main Group Metal Chemistry","volume":"45 1","pages":"178 - 189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46551763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In this work, new polymeric aniline-barium ferrite and aniline-strontium ferrite thin layers were synthesized. In the first step, hexaferrites nano-additives were prepared by applying ultra-sound and microwave irradiation. Then, hexaferrites were added to aniline electrolyte solution separately. The electrodeposition of aniline as a polymeric matrix and hexaferrite as nano-additives was performed in an electrochemical cell in the presence of various acids. Scanning electron microscopy images were applied for morphology investigation and measuring average particle size. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was applied for elemental detection and analysis, as well as presence confirmation of nanoparticles. Atomic force microscopy was applied for surface roughness analysis of thin films. Magnetic property of the nanoparticles and polymeric nanocomposites was checked and measured by vibrating sample magnetometer. The crystallinity, crystallite size, and phase of samples were confirmed by X-ray diffraction pattern analysis.
{"title":"Simple preparation and investigation of magnetic nanocomposites: Electrodeposition of polymeric aniline-barium ferrite and aniline-strontium ferrite thin films","authors":"F. Sharifi, K. Hedayati, D. Ghanbari","doi":"10.1515/mgmc-2022-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mgmc-2022-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this work, new polymeric aniline-barium ferrite and aniline-strontium ferrite thin layers were synthesized. In the first step, hexaferrites nano-additives were prepared by applying ultra-sound and microwave irradiation. Then, hexaferrites were added to aniline electrolyte solution separately. The electrodeposition of aniline as a polymeric matrix and hexaferrite as nano-additives was performed in an electrochemical cell in the presence of various acids. Scanning electron microscopy images were applied for morphology investigation and measuring average particle size. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was applied for elemental detection and analysis, as well as presence confirmation of nanoparticles. Atomic force microscopy was applied for surface roughness analysis of thin films. Magnetic property of the nanoparticles and polymeric nanocomposites was checked and measured by vibrating sample magnetometer. The crystallinity, crystallite size, and phase of samples were confirmed by X-ray diffraction pattern analysis.","PeriodicalId":48891,"journal":{"name":"Main Group Metal Chemistry","volume":"45 1","pages":"169 - 177"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46590101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Rather, M. Aouchiche, Muhammad Imran, S. Pirzada
Abstract In this article, we are interested in characterizing graphs with three distinct arithmetic–geometric eigenvalues. We provide the bounds on the arithmetic–geometric energy of graphs. In addition, we carry out a statistical analysis of arithmetic–geometric energy and boiling point of alkanes. We observe that arithmetic–geometric energy is better correlated with a boiling point than the arithmetic–geometric index.
{"title":"On arithmetic–geometric eigenvalues of graphs","authors":"B. Rather, M. Aouchiche, Muhammad Imran, S. Pirzada","doi":"10.1515/mgmc-2022-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mgmc-2022-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this article, we are interested in characterizing graphs with three distinct arithmetic–geometric eigenvalues. We provide the bounds on the arithmetic–geometric energy of graphs. In addition, we carry out a statistical analysis of arithmetic–geometric energy and boiling point of alkanes. We observe that arithmetic–geometric energy is better correlated with a boiling point than the arithmetic–geometric index.","PeriodicalId":48891,"journal":{"name":"Main Group Metal Chemistry","volume":"45 1","pages":"111 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47155315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiu-Yu Zhang, Muhammad Tanzeel Ali Kanwal, Muhammad Azeem, M. Jamil, Muzammil Mukhtar
Abstract For mammals, l-valine, which is a glycogen, is an essential amino acid. A protein made of 20 amino acids, salicylidene and l-valine make the carboxylate ligand which is the base of chiral Schiff. On a large scale, complexes with the ligand are utilized to help in the research work. To locate the exact location of a specific node from all the nodes, the entire node set is developed in a specific manner by choosing a particular subset and this subset is known as the resolving/locating set. This study contributed to the metric dimension of chemical complexes of supramolecular chain in dialkyltin from N-salicylidene-l-valine. We considered the complexes of 2,3,4 and ( C λ ⁎ ) ({C}_{lambda }^{ast }) chains and proved that the members of resolving sets are highly dependent on the number of vertices.
{"title":"Finite vertex-based resolvability of supramolecular chain in dialkyltin","authors":"Xiu-Yu Zhang, Muhammad Tanzeel Ali Kanwal, Muhammad Azeem, M. Jamil, Muzammil Mukhtar","doi":"10.1515/mgmc-2022-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mgmc-2022-0027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract For mammals, l-valine, which is a glycogen, is an essential amino acid. A protein made of 20 amino acids, salicylidene and l-valine make the carboxylate ligand which is the base of chiral Schiff. On a large scale, complexes with the ligand are utilized to help in the research work. To locate the exact location of a specific node from all the nodes, the entire node set is developed in a specific manner by choosing a particular subset and this subset is known as the resolving/locating set. This study contributed to the metric dimension of chemical complexes of supramolecular chain in dialkyltin from N-salicylidene-l-valine. We considered the complexes of 2,3,4 and ( C λ ⁎ ) ({C}_{lambda }^{ast }) chains and proved that the members of resolving sets are highly dependent on the number of vertices.","PeriodicalId":48891,"journal":{"name":"Main Group Metal Chemistry","volume":"45 1","pages":"255 - 264"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47243709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are distinctive porous chemical materials comprised of metal ions and organic ligands to illustrate marvelous chemical stability, high surface area, distinctive morphology, and large pore volume. MOFs have great significance due to their versatile utilizations, such as purification and separation of various gases, environmental hazards, biocompatibility, toxicology, heterogeneous catalyst, and biomedical applications. These structures have attracted global attention of researchers due to their increasing utilizations in many areas of science. Freshly, zinc-based MOFs are becoming popular because of their versatile application in biomedical, i.e., drug delivery, biosensing, and cancer imaging. Topological indices (TIs), the graphs invariants or numerical graph descriptors, are useful in characterizing the topology of molecular structures and helpful in defining the psychochemical properties of these structures. This paper mainly highlights the comparison between two MOFs namely zinc oxide (ZnOx) and zinc silicate (ZnSl) networks via some multiplicative Zagreb connection indices (MZIs), namely modified first MZCI (1st MZCI) modified second MZCI (2nd MZCI), and modified third MZCI (3rd MZCI).
{"title":"On topological indices of zinc-based metal organic frameworks","authors":"M. Javaid, Aqsa Sattar","doi":"10.1515/mgmc-2022-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mgmc-2022-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are distinctive porous chemical materials comprised of metal ions and organic ligands to illustrate marvelous chemical stability, high surface area, distinctive morphology, and large pore volume. MOFs have great significance due to their versatile utilizations, such as purification and separation of various gases, environmental hazards, biocompatibility, toxicology, heterogeneous catalyst, and biomedical applications. These structures have attracted global attention of researchers due to their increasing utilizations in many areas of science. Freshly, zinc-based MOFs are becoming popular because of their versatile application in biomedical, i.e., drug delivery, biosensing, and cancer imaging. Topological indices (TIs), the graphs invariants or numerical graph descriptors, are useful in characterizing the topology of molecular structures and helpful in defining the psychochemical properties of these structures. This paper mainly highlights the comparison between two MOFs namely zinc oxide (ZnOx) and zinc silicate (ZnSl) networks via some multiplicative Zagreb connection indices (MZIs), namely modified first MZCI (1st MZCI) modified second MZCI (2nd MZCI), and modified third MZCI (3rd MZCI).","PeriodicalId":48891,"journal":{"name":"Main Group Metal Chemistry","volume":"45 1","pages":"74 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46312287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In this study, a potassium borate compound of santite is synthesized at 60°C, 70°C, 80°C, and 90°C reaction temperature for 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 min reaction time by using eight different raw material combinations of K2CO3, KNO3, NaOH, H3BO3, B2O3, Na2B4O9·5H2O, and Na2B4O9·10H2O. According to the X-ray diffraction analysis synthesized potassium borate compound is identified as “santite (KB5O8·4H2O)” with powder diffraction file no. 01-072-1688. Raman spectroscopy results showed that the synthesized compound consists of typical boron mineral bands, and the spectra obtained were in mutual agreement with potassium borate, according to the literature. Scanning electron microscopic morphologies showed that obtained santite has different particle shapes as the raw material combination changed and the particle sizes are found between 305 nm and 2.03 µm. Overall reaction yields are found between 76.11% and 99.26%, even such lower reaction times with respect to the literature.
{"title":"Ultra-fast and effective ultrasonic synthesis of potassium borate: Santite","authors":"Sibel Ila, A. Kipcak, E. Derun","doi":"10.1515/mgmc-2022-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mgmc-2022-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, a potassium borate compound of santite is synthesized at 60°C, 70°C, 80°C, and 90°C reaction temperature for 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 min reaction time by using eight different raw material combinations of K2CO3, KNO3, NaOH, H3BO3, B2O3, Na2B4O9·5H2O, and Na2B4O9·10H2O. According to the X-ray diffraction analysis synthesized potassium borate compound is identified as “santite (KB5O8·4H2O)” with powder diffraction file no. 01-072-1688. Raman spectroscopy results showed that the synthesized compound consists of typical boron mineral bands, and the spectra obtained were in mutual agreement with potassium borate, according to the literature. Scanning electron microscopic morphologies showed that obtained santite has different particle shapes as the raw material combination changed and the particle sizes are found between 305 nm and 2.03 µm. Overall reaction yields are found between 76.11% and 99.26%, even such lower reaction times with respect to the literature.","PeriodicalId":48891,"journal":{"name":"Main Group Metal Chemistry","volume":"45 1","pages":"19 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44096596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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