Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders最新文献_第2页

Factor structure and measurement invariance of the Penn Inventory of Scrupulosity-Revised (PIOS-R) across Christian, Jewish, and Muslim groups

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocrd.2024.100930

Fiona C. Ball , Anna M. White , Johanna A. Younce , Kevin D. Wu

The revised Penn Inventory of Scrupulosity (PIOS-R) is widely used. Support for its factor structure is mixed across either a two-factor or a bifactor model. Normed on a primarily Christian sample, researchers use the PIOS-R to examine scrupulosity across religious groups. This study's primary aims were to clarify the PIOS-R's factor structure in a religiously diverse sample and determine whether the PIOS-R shows measurement invariance across religious groups. A secondary aim was to evaluate psychometric properties. U.S. participants (N = 718) who self-reported as Christian, Jewish, or Muslim were recruited using MTurk. Multiple group CFA indicated that a two-factor solution comprised of Fear of God (FOG) and Fear of Sin (FOS) provided the best-fitting model. Configural, metric, and scalar invariance held across religious groups. Internal consistency was strong for the full scale (ω_t = .96) and both FOS (ω_t = .95) and FOG (ω_t = .92) subscales. The PIOS-R was more strongly correlated with DOCS Scrupulosity (r = .71) than with DASS-21 Depression (r = .58), DASS-21 Anxiety (r = .66), or a measure of religiosity (SCSRFQ; r = .36), supporting relative discriminant validity. The PIOS-R appears appropriate for assessing scrupulosity within and among these religious groups.

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引用次数: 0

Psychometric properties of the Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale, second edition, self-report (Y-BOCS-II-SR)

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocrd.2024.100932

Karen Rowa , Andrew Scott , Eric A. Storch , Wayne K. Goodman , Randi E. McCabe , Martin M. Antony

The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) is the gold-standard tool for measuring obsessive compulsive symptom severity. An updated second edition was introduced to address limitations of the original instrument, with both clinician-administered and self-report versions. No published studies have examined the psychometric properties of the self-report version, which is the purpose of the current study. Individuals with a diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD, N = 67) completed the clinician-administered and self-report Y-BOCS-II, as well as a number of other self-report measures assessing obsessive-compulsive symptoms, depression, and impairment from symptoms in a counterbalanced order. Results suggest an internally consistent measure (α = .90) that has strong convergent validity with measures of OCD symptoms including the clinician-rated Y-BOCS-II, but only moderate correlations with the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised. The self-report version also demonstrated fair discriminant validity. A reliable change index of 8 was found for this measure, which was associated with a large effect size following cognitive-behavioral therapy for OCD. Limitations include a predominantly White and female sample. The self-report version of the Y-BOCS-II appears to be a psychometrically reasonable measure for use with individuals with OCD though its ability to discriminate OCD from other disorders characterized by anxiety or depression requires further study.

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “High levels of loneliness in people with hoarding disorder” [Journal of Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders (2023), Volume 37,Article Number 100806] “囤积症患者的高度孤独感”的勘误表[《强迫症及相关疾病杂志》（2023），第37卷，文章号100806]

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocrd.2024.100917

Keong Yap , Kiara R. Timpano , Simone Isemann , Jeanette Svehla , Jessica R. Grisham

引用次数: 0

Skin picking disorder in sexual minority individuals 性少数群体的皮肤搔痒症

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocrd.2024.100914

Sophie Boutouis, Jon E. Grant

Background

Skin picking disorder (SPD) is common, but little is known about whether or how it differs in sexual minorities. We explored whether sexual minority individuals differ from heterosexual individuals in terms of skin picking and comorbidities. We also evaluated potential differences between gay or lesbian and bisexual individuals.

Methods

293 participants with SPD completed an online survey. Sexual minority participants were compared to heterosexual participants on demographics, how often they picked their skin, and validated self-report measures of SPD and comorbidities. Gay or lesbian and bisexual participants were compared on the same variables.

Results

Sexual minority status was associated with more body-focused repetitive behavior (BFRB) impairment and a greater likelihood of picking 7 days per week. Heterosexual participants reported more alcohol misuse, aggression, and compulsive sexual behavior than sexual minority participants. The groups did not differ in overall BFRB severity or rates of other disorders. Gay or lesbian and bisexual participants did not differ in SPD or comorbidities.

Conclusions

The rate of sexual minority individuals in this study (37.9%) is much higher than the rate in the community (about 10%). Sexual minority individuals with SPD may present with unique clinical symptoms. Treatments should be tailored for this population.

背景抠皮症（SPD）很常见，但人们对其在性少数群体中是否存在差异或差异如何知之甚少。我们探讨了性少数群体与异性恋群体在抠皮和合并症方面是否存在差异。我们还评估了同性恋者与双性恋者之间的潜在差异。性少数群体参与者与异性恋参与者在人口统计学、抠皮频率以及 SPD 和合并症的有效自我报告测量方面进行了比较。结果性少数群体与更多以身体为中心的重复行为（BFRB）损害和每周 7 天抠皮的可能性更大相关。与性少数群体的参与者相比，异性恋参与者报告了更多的酒精滥用、攻击性和强迫性行为。这两组人在身体反应性障碍的总体严重程度或其他障碍的发生率方面没有差异。男同性恋或女同性恋和双性恋参与者在 SPD 或合并症方面没有差异。结论本研究中性少数群体的比例（37.9%）远高于社区比例（约 10%）。性少数群体 SPD 患者可能表现出独特的临床症状。治疗方法应针对这一人群。

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引用次数: 0

Clinical characteristics of a treatment seeking sample of adults with misophonia: Onset, course, triggers, context, and comorbidity 寻求治疗的成年失音症患者样本的临床特征：发病、病程、诱因、背景和合并症

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocrd.2024.100915

Mercedes G. Woolley , Leila K. Capel , Emily M. Bowers , Julie M. Petersen , Karen Muñoz , Michael P. Twohig

Misophonia is characterized by intense emotional reactions to specific repetitive sounds. The clinical characteristics and developmental course of misophonia remain underexplored, particularly in treatment-seeking adults. In this study, we characterized the onset, symptom progression, trigger noises, and psychiatric comorbidities associated with misophonia. Additionally, we investigated the relationships between these clinical attributes and the severity of self- and clinician-rated misophonia symptoms. The sample included 60 adults with misophonia enrolled in a randomized controlled trial. Most participants (79%) reported symptom onset in childhood and early adolescence, with symptoms often worsening over time. All participants reported being bothered by human produced sounds. However, responses to trigger noises vary based on the context surrounding the sound. Those who reported equivalent distress across misophonic triggers –regardless of the individual producing the sound—endorsed significantly higher self-reported misophonia symptoms. Approximately half of the sample met diagnostic criteria for another psychiatric condition, with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and generalized anxiety disorder being the most prevalent. These findings underscore the complexity of misophonia and highlight the importance of considering the individual clinical histories and contextual factors influencing reactions to misophonic sounds.

失音症的特征是对特定的重复声音产生强烈的情绪反应。对误咽症的临床特征和发展过程，尤其是对寻求治疗的成年人的研究仍然不足。在这项研究中，我们对误咽症的发病、症状进展、诱发噪音和精神疾病合并症进行了描述。此外，我们还研究了这些临床特征与自我和临床医生评定的失音症状严重程度之间的关系。样本包括参加随机对照试验的 60 名患有失音症的成人。大多数参与者（79%）称症状在童年和青春期早期开始出现，症状通常会随着时间的推移而加重。所有参与者都表示受到人类发出的声音的困扰。然而，对诱发噪音的反应会因声音的环境而异。那些对不同声音触发器产生相同困扰的人--无论发出声音的是谁--自我报告的失音症状明显要高得多。大约一半的样本符合另一种精神疾病的诊断标准，其中以注意力缺陷多动障碍和广泛性焦虑症最为普遍。这些发现凸显了失音症的复杂性，并强调了考虑个人临床病史和影响对失音反应的背景因素的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the Peaks and Potholes: Understanding positive and negative effects of concentrated exposure treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder 探索高峰与低谷：了解集中暴露疗法对强迫症的积极和消极影响

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocrd.2024.100913

Lena Jelinek , Anna Serve , Saskia Pampuch , Jakob Scheunemann , Josephine Schultz , Franziska Miegel , Bjarne Hansen , Kristen Hagen , Frances Bohnsack , Jürgen Gallinat , Amir H. Yassari

The Bergen 4-Day Treatment offers brief concentrated exposure with response prevention (cERP) for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). To date, this intervention has primarily been studied in Norway, and no study has been done on its side effects. We tested the safety, feasibility, and effectiveness of cERP in Germany and compared cERP to a historical inpatient control group.

Thirty-three patients with OCD were treated with cERP. We assessed severity of OCD (primary outcome: Y-BOCS), depression, global functioning, self-esteem, self-efficacy, experiential avoidance, and quality of life at baseline (t0), two weeks after t0 (t1), and three months after t1 (t2). Side effects were assessed at t1 and t2. The changes in OCD were compared to a matched historical inpatient control group (n = 33) treated at the same site.

The cERP group improved over time, with a large effect size in OCD symptoms and other outcome measures. Improvement of OCD symptoms over treatment was superior in the cERP group compared to the historical control group, with a medium effect size for OCD symptoms. 53–56% of the participants reported at least one side effect (e.g., exhaustion). cERP is safe and effective in the treatment of OCD and can be successfully implemented in Germany.

卑尔根四日疗法为强迫症（OCD）提供简短的集中暴露和反应预防（cERP）。迄今为止，这项干预措施主要是在挪威进行的研究，尚未对其副作用进行研究。我们在德国测试了 cERP 的安全性、可行性和有效性，并将 cERP 与历史住院对照组进行了比较。我们在基线（t0）、t0 后两周（t1）和 t1 后三个月（t2）评估了强迫症的严重程度（主要结果：Y-BOCS）、抑郁、整体功能、自尊、自我效能、经验回避和生活质量。副作用在治疗第一阶段和第二阶段进行评估。强迫症的变化情况与在同一地点接受治疗的匹配历史住院病人对照组（n = 33）进行了比较。与历史对照组相比，cERP 组的强迫症症状在治疗过程中的改善程度更好，强迫症症状的影响程度为中等。53%-56%的参与者报告了至少一种副作用（如疲惫）。cERP治疗强迫症安全有效，可在德国成功实施。

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引用次数: 0

The scrupulosity obsessions and compulsions scale: A measurement of scrupulosity within an OCD framework 忌惮强迫症量表：在强迫症框架内测量忌惮心理

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocrd.2024.100918

David A.L. Johnson , Nicholas C. Borgogna , Paul B. Ingram , Craig Warlick , Samuel D. Spencer , Callie E. Mims , Kiana L. Bunnell , Jared A. Nielsen

Scrupulosity is a psychological construct defined by intrusive thoughts and compulsive behaviors centered on religion or morality. Scrupulosity, in its severe form, may manifest as obsessive-compulsive disorder, and is related to negative outcomes. There are relatively few scales measuring scrupulosity; those that exist have serious limitations. This study addresses these limitations by creating and psychometrically validating the new Scrupulosity Obsessions and Compulsions Scale (SOCS). To determine final items, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted using university (n = 1345) and community (n = 496) samples and scale forms were assessed for concurrent, convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity. The initial EFA resulted in 10 items, consisting of one factor of compulsion items and one factor of obsession items. These 10 items accounted for 59.87% of the common variance, and a bifactor model demonstrated acceptable fit (χ²(25) = 113.495, p < .001, CFI = .978, TLI = .960, RMSEA = .051 (90% CI [.042, .061]), and SRMR = .027). The SOCS demonstrated evidence of concurrent, convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity with relation to scrupulosity, OCD, anxiety, religiosity, and male role norms. Both subscales met reliability standards α = .85 and α = .83. The SOCS provides a concise method to measure scrupulosity's nature.

忌惮是一种心理结构，其定义是以宗教或道德为中心的侵入性思维和强迫性行为。严重的忌惮症可能表现为强迫症，并与负面结果有关。测量忌惮症的量表相对较少，现有的量表也存在严重的局限性。本研究通过创建新的 "忌惮强迫症强迫症量表"（SOCS）并对其进行心理计量学验证，来解决这些局限性。为了确定最终项目，我们使用大学样本（n = 1345）和社区样本（n = 496）进行了探索性因子分析（EFA）和确认性因子分析（CFA），并对量表的并发效度、收敛效度、判别效度和增量效度进行了评估。最初的 EFA 得出了 10 个项目，包括一个强迫项目因子和一个痴迷项目因子。这 10 个项目占共同方差的 59.87%，双因子模型的拟合度可以接受（χ2(25) = 113.495, p < .001, CFI = .978, TLI = .960, RMSEA = .051 (90% CI [.042, .061]), SRMR = .027）。SOCS 在与忌惮、强迫症、焦虑、宗教信仰和男性角色规范的关系方面，显示出了并发效度、收敛效度、判别效度和增量效度。两个子量表的信度分别达到了 α = .85 和 α = .83 的标准。SOCS 提供了一种简洁的方法来测量忌惮的性质。

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引用次数: 0

Measuring incompleteness and not just right experiences: A psychometric evaluation of two commonly used questionnaires in OCD and anxiety disorders samples 测量不完整性，而不仅仅是正确体验：对强迫症和焦虑症样本中两种常用问卷的心理计量学评估

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocrd.2024.100916

Christina Puccinelli , Karen Rowa , Laura J. Summerfeldt , Randi E. McCabe

Extending previous research, this study examined the psychometric properties of two commonly used self-report measures of incompleteness (INC) and not-just-right experiences (NJREs), the Obsessive-Compulsive Trait Core Dimensions Questionnaire (OC-TCDQ; Summerfeldt et al., 2014) and the Not Just Right Experiences Questionnaire - Revised (NJRE-QR; Coles et al., 2003) in large samples of individuals with OCD and anxiety disorders. Factor analyses indicated adequate support for a two-factor solution for the OC-TCDQ and a one-factor solution for the NJRE-QR. Both measures demonstrated excellent internal consistency and good-to-excellent test-retest reliability. We found good convergent validity between the measures of interest and with an OCD symptom severity measure. Discriminant validity was evidenced by a significantly stronger correlation between INC and NJRE severity than the relatively modest correlations with theoretically distinct constructs (i.e., harm avoidance and general distress). Individuals with OCD had a similar number of NJREs as individuals with anxiety disorders but reported significantly greater NJRE distress and levels of INC. Finally, both measures were sensitive to change across group cognitive-behavioural therapy for OCD. These findings provide support for the reliability and validity of the OC-TCDQ and NJRE-QR to measure INC (trait) and NJRE (state) constructs that assist in understanding the phenomenology of OCD.

本研究扩展了以往的研究，在强迫症和焦虑症患者的大样本中检验了两种常用的不完整性（INC）和不正确经历（NJREs）自我报告测量方法的心理测量特性，即强迫症特质核心维度问卷（OC-TCDQ；Summerfeldt等人，2014年）和不正确经历问卷-修订版（NJRE-QR；Coles等人，2003年）。因素分析表明，OC-TCDQ 的双因素解决方案和 NJRE-QR 的单因素解决方案得到了充分支持。这两项测验都表现出了极佳的内部一致性和良好到极佳的测试-再测试可靠性。我们发现相关测量之间以及与强迫症症状严重程度测量之间具有良好的收敛效度。INC 与 NJRE 严重程度之间的相关性明显强于与理论上不同的构念（即伤害回避和一般困扰）之间相对较小的相关性，这证明了区分效度。强迫症患者的 NJRE 数量与焦虑症患者相似，但他们报告的 NJRE 痛苦和 INC 水平明显更高。最后，这两种测量方法对强迫症认知行为治疗小组的变化都很敏感。这些研究结果为 OC-TCDQ 和 NJRE-QR 测量 INC（特质）和 NJRE（状态）建构的可靠性和有效性提供了支持，有助于理解强迫症的现象学。

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引用次数: 0

Group metacognitive therapy for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: A pilot study 治疗小儿强迫症的团体元认知疗法：试点研究

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocrd.2024.100912

Marie Louise Reinholdt-Dunne , Marie Tolstrup , Kira Svenstrup , Odin Hjemdal , Henrik Nordahl

Cognitive-behavioral therapy including exposure and response prevention is the first-line treatment of pediatric OCD showing response- and remission rates around 70% and 53%. Thus, there is room for improvements. Metacognitive therapy (MCT) for OCD might be cost-effective and focuses on modifying metacognitive beliefs about the significance and dangerousness of intrusive thoughts/feelings, and about the need to perform rituals. MCT is effective in adults but needs to be evaluated in youths. In the current study, eleven adolescents divided in three groups received eight MCT group sessions of 75 min duration (and two 60 min workshop for parents) delivered by an MCT-therapist and an assistant. The within-group effect size (hedges g) from pre-to post-treatment on the CY-BOCS was 1.90, and the response and remission rates were 82% and 55%, respectively. Effect sizes for secondary outcomes were also large. Therapist time (one certified MCT-therapist and a clinical psychology student working together) used per patient to achieve these results were 2.18 therapy sessions of 75-min duration in addition to 33 min therapist time per patient of workshops for the parents. Follow-up assessments were not available, and the results should be interpreted with caution. However, they are encouraging and suggest that MCT for pediatric OCD should be evaluated further.

包括暴露和反应预防在内的认知行为疗法是治疗小儿强迫症的一线疗法，其反应率和缓解率分别约为 70% 和 53%。因此，仍有改进的余地。强迫症的元认知疗法（MCT）可能具有成本效益，其重点是改变对侵入性想法/感觉的重要性和危险性以及对仪式需要的元认知信念。MCT对成年人有效，但对青少年还需要进行评估。在本次研究中，11 名青少年被分为三组，接受了由一名 MCT 治疗师和一名助理主持的八次 75 分钟的 MCT 小组课程（以及两次 60 分钟的家长工作坊）。从治疗前到治疗后，CY-BOCS的组内效应大小（对冲克）为1.90，反应率和缓解率分别为82%和55%。次要结果的效应大小也很大。为取得这些结果，治疗师（一名获得认证的 MCT 治疗师和一名临床心理学学生合作）为每位患者花费了 2.18 次治疗，每次 75 分钟，此外，治疗师还为每位患者花费了 33 分钟为家长举办研讨会。由于没有进行后续评估，因此在解释结果时应谨慎。不过，这些结果令人鼓舞，并建议进一步评估 MCT 治疗小儿强迫症的效果。

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引用次数: 0

The scientific status of safety behaviors in body dysmorphic disorder 身体畸形障碍患者安全行为的科学现状

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocrd.2024.100911

Tapan A. Patel , Berta J. Summers , Jesse R. Cougle

Individuals with body dysmorphic disorder engage in maladaptive behaviors such as checking mirrors, excessive grooming, asking others for reassurance, and avoiding situations due to their appearance. These counterproductive coping mechanisms, or false “safety behaviors,” serve to maintain and exacerbate symptoms rather than alleviating them. The present review provides a summary of cross-sectional, longitudinal, experimental, and treatment research to highlight the relevance of these behaviors to body dysmorphic disorder. Additionally, the article identifies current gaps in the research and future directions that will be important in further understanding the role of these behaviors.

躯体畸形障碍患者会做出一些适应不良的行为，比如照镜子、过度梳妆打扮、向他人寻求安慰，以及因为自己的外表而回避一些场合。这些适得其反的应对机制或虚假的 "安全行为 "会维持和加重症状，而不是缓解症状。本综述概述了横断面研究、纵向研究、实验研究和治疗研究，强调了这些行为与身体畸形障碍的相关性。此外，文章还指出了目前研究中存在的不足，以及对进一步了解这些行为的作用具有重要意义的未来研究方向。

引用次数: 0