Background: Virtual reality (VR) is a promising nonpharmacological approach for reducing procedural distress during emergency department laceration repair. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of VR in alleviating pain, anxiety, and fear and assessed the certainty of evidence.
Methods: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, six databases were searched from inception to August 2025 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing VR with standard care. Two reviewers independently screened studies, assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool, and conducted meta-analyses when at least two trials reported comparable outcomes.
Results: Six RCTs (n = 607) were included. VR significantly reduced pain (SMD = - 0.75, 95% CI: -1.29 to - 0.21, P = 0.007) and fear (SMD = - 0.90, 95% CI: -1.55 to - 0.26, P = 0.006). Anxiety reduction did not reach statistical significance (SMD = - 1.80, 95% CI: - 3.89 to 0.28, P = 0.090), though trends were favorable. All trials had some concerns regarding risk of bias, and certainty of evidence-especially for anxiety-was limited.
Conclusion and recommendations: VR is a feasible, nurse-led intervention with consistent benefits for pain and fear and potential value for anxiety. Larger, high-quality RCTs are needed to guide emergency nursing practice.
{"title":"Effects of virtual reality on procedural emotional distress during laceration repair in emergency departments: A systematic review with meta-analysis.","authors":"Jao-Shwann Liang, Pei-Jung Lin, Yueh-Tao Chiang, Yen-Ju Chen, Chi-Wen Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ienj.2026.101801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ienj.2026.101801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Virtual reality (VR) is a promising nonpharmacological approach for reducing procedural distress during emergency department laceration repair. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of VR in alleviating pain, anxiety, and fear and assessed the certainty of evidence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, six databases were searched from inception to August 2025 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing VR with standard care. Two reviewers independently screened studies, assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool, and conducted meta-analyses when at least two trials reported comparable outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six RCTs (n = 607) were included. VR significantly reduced pain (SMD = - 0.75, 95% CI: -1.29 to - 0.21, P = 0.007) and fear (SMD = - 0.90, 95% CI: -1.55 to - 0.26, P = 0.006). Anxiety reduction did not reach statistical significance (SMD = - 1.80, 95% CI: - 3.89 to 0.28, P = 0.090), though trends were favorable. All trials had some concerns regarding risk of bias, and certainty of evidence-especially for anxiety-was limited.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and recommendations: </strong>VR is a feasible, nurse-led intervention with consistent benefits for pain and fear and potential value for anxiety. Larger, high-quality RCTs are needed to guide emergency nursing practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":48914,"journal":{"name":"International Emergency Nursing","volume":"86 ","pages":"101801"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147488051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-17DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2026.101802
Qiuyan Wang, Guozeng Zhang, Guorui Yue, Xiudie Liu
Introduction: The purpose of this study is to map the intellectual structure and evolutionary trends of research on burnout and job satisfaction among emergency nurses through a bibliometric and visual analysis.
Methods: Publications related to job satisfaction and burnout among emergency nurses were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. RStudio 4.5.0, VOSviewer 1.6.20, CiteSpace 6.4, and Scimago Graphica 1.0.50 were used for bibliometric analysis and visualization.
Results: A total of 346 articles were selected for this study. These articles were published across 61 countries from 2003 to 2025, with the United States, China, and Australia leading in publication output. These articles were featured in 159 journals, with the International Emergency Nursing publishing the most (n = 21). Adriaenssens Jef is both the most prolific author and among the most frequently cited in this field. Keyword clustering analysis identified 4 distinct research themes, the most frequently used keyword in the studies was "burnout," which was commonly associated with all other keywords. In addition, keyword burst analysis revealed emerging trend topics, notably "COVID-19."
Discussion: This paper presents the first comprehensive bibliometric and visualization analysis of research on job satisfaction and burnout among emergency nurses, summarizing developments, trends, research frontiers, and hotspots. This research emphasizes understanding burnout and job satisfaction is crucial for managers and policymakers, as effective policies and support initiatives can boost satisfaction and reduce burnout.
{"title":"Job satisfaction and burnout among emergency nurses: A bibliometric and visualized analysis.","authors":"Qiuyan Wang, Guozeng Zhang, Guorui Yue, Xiudie Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ienj.2026.101802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ienj.2026.101802","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The purpose of this study is to map the intellectual structure and evolutionary trends of research on burnout and job satisfaction among emergency nurses through a bibliometric and visual analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Publications related to job satisfaction and burnout among emergency nurses were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. RStudio 4.5.0, VOSviewer 1.6.20, CiteSpace 6.4, and Scimago Graphica 1.0.50 were used for bibliometric analysis and visualization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 346 articles were selected for this study. These articles were published across 61 countries from 2003 to 2025, with the United States, China, and Australia leading in publication output. These articles were featured in 159 journals, with the International Emergency Nursing publishing the most (n = 21). Adriaenssens Jef is both the most prolific author and among the most frequently cited in this field. Keyword clustering analysis identified 4 distinct research themes, the most frequently used keyword in the studies was \"burnout,\" which was commonly associated with all other keywords. In addition, keyword burst analysis revealed emerging trend topics, notably \"COVID-19.\"</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This paper presents the first comprehensive bibliometric and visualization analysis of research on job satisfaction and burnout among emergency nurses, summarizing developments, trends, research frontiers, and hotspots. This research emphasizes understanding burnout and job satisfaction is crucial for managers and policymakers, as effective policies and support initiatives can boost satisfaction and reduce burnout.</p>","PeriodicalId":48914,"journal":{"name":"International Emergency Nursing","volume":"86 ","pages":"101802"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147482162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2026.101762
Hui (Grace) Xu , Jed Duff , Vickii Binnie
Background
Peripheral intravenous catheter insertion is a common procedure in emergency departments. Despite clear guidelines, patient experiences vary, and evidence-based practice is inconsistently applied. Understanding patient perspectives is essential to improving care quality.
Aim
To explore patient experiences of peripheral intravenous catheter insertion and care in the emergency department, identifying barriers and enablers to evidence-based practice.
Methods
A qualitative study was conducted in an Australian emergency department in 2025. Semi-structured interviews were analysed using thematic analysis, guided by CFIR domains to explore current clinical practice.
Results
A total of 13 patients and nine clinicians were interviewed. Patients reported variability in technical skill, communication, and involvement in decision-making. Many felt disempowered by hurried consent processes or convenience-driven insertions, while some preferred that clinicians make decisions. Clinicians identified barriers including limited access to ultrasound, insufficient hands-on training with real patients, workload, time pressures, and a culture discouraging escalation of difficult cannulations. Key enablers included mentorship, role modelling, standardised training, and supportive leadership. Both patients and clinicians emphasised the importance of empathetic communication, tailored information provision, and managing needle-related anxiety.
Conclusion
Addressing barriers to best clinical practice is critical to improving patient experience and quality outcomes. Future research should explore interventions across diverse hospital settings, including rural and resource-limited emergency departments. Implication for Profession: Enhancing training, structured mentorship, and embedding champions can strengthen clinician capability and confidence. Cultivating a culture of patient-centred care and shared decision-making may improve safety, satisfaction, and adherence to evidence-based practice.
Reporting Method
Findings were reported using the Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research.
{"title":"Experiences of patients with peripheral intravenous catheter insertion and care in an Australian emergency department: A CFIR-guided qualitative study","authors":"Hui (Grace) Xu , Jed Duff , Vickii Binnie","doi":"10.1016/j.ienj.2026.101762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ienj.2026.101762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Peripheral intravenous catheter insertion is a common procedure in emergency departments. Despite clear guidelines, patient experiences vary, and evidence-based practice is inconsistently applied. Understanding patient perspectives is essential to improving care quality.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To explore patient experiences of peripheral intravenous catheter insertion and care in the emergency department, identifying barriers and enablers to evidence-based practice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A qualitative study was conducted in an Australian emergency department in 2025. Semi-structured interviews were analysed using thematic analysis, guided by CFIR domains to explore current clinical practice.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 13 patients and nine clinicians were interviewed. Patients reported variability in technical skill, communication, and involvement in decision-making. Many felt disempowered by hurried consent processes or convenience-driven insertions, while some preferred that clinicians make decisions. Clinicians identified barriers including limited access to ultrasound, insufficient hands-on training with real patients, workload, time pressures, and a culture discouraging escalation of difficult cannulations. Key enablers included mentorship, role modelling, standardised training, and supportive leadership. Both patients and clinicians emphasised the importance of empathetic communication, tailored information provision, and managing needle-related anxiety.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Addressing barriers to best clinical practice is critical to improving patient experience and quality outcomes. Future research should explore interventions across diverse hospital settings, including rural and resource-limited emergency departments. Implication for Profession: Enhancing training, structured mentorship, and embedding champions can strengthen clinician capability and confidence. Cultivating a culture of patient-centred care and shared decision-making may improve safety, satisfaction, and adherence to evidence-based practice.</div></div><div><h3>Reporting Method</h3><div>Findings were reported using the Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research.</div></div><div><h3>Public Contribution</h3><div>Patients were the sample group.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48914,"journal":{"name":"International Emergency Nursing","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101762"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146174152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2026.101761
Jessica Lawien , Jennifer Welter , Jamie Aranda , Amy Zosel , Tina Nielsen , Natalie S. McAndrew
Background
Patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) often come to the Emergency Department (ED) for unrelated complaints but can still experience withdrawal. The purpose of this Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) project was to detect the potential for alcohol withdrawal in the ED using the Prediction of Alcohol Withdrawal Severity Scale (PAWSS) and then provide necessary treatment to prevent negative patient outcomes (i.e., alcohol withdrawal-related seizures, admissions to the intensive care unit (ICU), and prolonged stays in the ED).
Methods
This EBP project was implemented at a Level I Trauma/Academic Medical Center in the Midwest. Nurses were educated on the PAWSS before the project began and then screened patients presenting to the ED using the PAWSS. Patient information collected included: chief complaint (alcohol withdrawal vs other), length of stay (LOS) in ED, total number and type of medications administered for alcohol withdrawal (collected as Phenobarbital and Lorazepam equivalents), disposition (admitted or discharged), alcohol withdrawal seizures, and ICU admissions. These patient outcomes were extracted from the electronic health record and analyzed weekly throughout the course of the project. At the end of the study period, the selected patient information collected during the course of the project were compared to those of pre-project patients in which a revised Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol (CIWA-Ar) was documented or those with a chief complaint related to alcohol.
Results
During the project, LOS decreased to an average of 418 min (range: 163–676 min, SD = 106 min) in those with PAWSS score four or greater compared to pre-project numbers. Providers prescribed fewer alcohol withdrawal medications, withdrawal seizures decreased to almost zero, and the number of patients requiring ICU admission decreased from 10 to 7.
Discussion
Implementation of PAWSS resulted in decreased ED LOS, decreased ICU admissions, and decreased use of medications for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. These promising results suggest PAWSS is a valuable screening tool for ED patients with the potential for experiencing alcohol withdrawal.
{"title":"Prediction of Alcohol Withdrawal Severity Scale (PAWSS) for patients cared for in an emergency department/Level I Trauma Center: An evidence-based practice change","authors":"Jessica Lawien , Jennifer Welter , Jamie Aranda , Amy Zosel , Tina Nielsen , Natalie S. McAndrew","doi":"10.1016/j.ienj.2026.101761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ienj.2026.101761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) often come to the Emergency Department (ED) for unrelated complaints but can still experience withdrawal. The purpose of this Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) project was to detect the potential for alcohol withdrawal in the ED using the Prediction of Alcohol Withdrawal Severity Scale (PAWSS) and then provide necessary treatment to prevent negative patient outcomes (i.e., alcohol withdrawal-related seizures, admissions to the intensive care unit (ICU), and prolonged stays in the ED).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This EBP project was implemented at a Level I Trauma/Academic Medical Center in the Midwest. Nurses were educated on the PAWSS before the project began and then screened patients presenting to the ED using the PAWSS. Patient information collected included: chief complaint (alcohol withdrawal vs other), length of stay (LOS) in ED, total number and type of medications administered for alcohol withdrawal (collected as Phenobarbital and Lorazepam equivalents), disposition (admitted or discharged), alcohol withdrawal seizures, and ICU admissions. These patient outcomes were extracted from the electronic health record and analyzed weekly throughout the course of the project. At the end of the study period, the selected patient information collected during the course of the project were compared to those of pre-project patients in which a revised Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol (CIWA-Ar) was documented or those with a chief complaint related to alcohol.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During the project, LOS decreased to an average of 418 min (range: 163–676 min, <em>SD</em> = 106 min) in those with PAWSS score four or greater compared to pre-project numbers. Providers prescribed fewer alcohol withdrawal medications, withdrawal seizures decreased to almost zero, and the number of patients requiring ICU admission decreased from 10 to 7.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Implementation of PAWSS resulted in decreased ED LOS, decreased ICU admissions, and decreased use of medications for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. These promising results suggest PAWSS is a valuable screening tool for ED patients with the potential for experiencing alcohol withdrawal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48914,"journal":{"name":"International Emergency Nursing","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101761"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146158667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-12DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2026.101773
Lu Liu , Tingting Peng , Xun Deng , Shan Zhang
Introduction
Due to the constraints of ground traffic congestion, geographical barriers in remote areas, and the stringent time-sensitivity of life-threatening conditions, low-altitude medical rescue (LAMR) have emerged as an indispensable solution, attracting widespread attention and becoming an inevitable trend in next-generation medical rescue research. This study aimed to analyze research hotspots and emerging trends in drone-based LAMR to assist healthcare professionals in optimizing LAMR systems for sustainable development.
Methods
A visual analysis was conducted using CiteSpace 6.3.R1 software to analyze research hotspots and emerging trends in drone-based LAMR from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2024. The indicators included publication output over time, publication countries and institutions, authors, cited journals, co-occurrence of keywords, and burst keyword detection.
Results
A total of 524 publications were included in the final analysis. The Scandinavian Journal of Trauma Resuscitation & Emergency Medicine emerged as the most cited journal. Research hotspots focused on operational efficiency and clinical outcomes of drone-based LAMR, system-level management and resource optimization, and tailored protocols for critical conditions. Future trends emphasize service delivery optimization and the role of drone-based LAMR in public health security.
Discussion
This study delineates the evolution of drone-based LAMR research, highlighting its growing integration with public health strategies. Findings reveal the need for innovation in drone-assisted technologies and interdisciplinary collaboration to enhance drone-based LAMR scalability and resilience.
{"title":"Research hotspots and emerging trends in low-altitude medical rescue (2014–2024): A bibliometric study","authors":"Lu Liu , Tingting Peng , Xun Deng , Shan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ienj.2026.101773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ienj.2026.101773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Due to the constraints of ground traffic congestion, geographical barriers in remote areas, and the stringent time-sensitivity of life-threatening conditions, low-altitude medical rescue (LAMR) have emerged as an indispensable solution, attracting widespread attention and becoming an inevitable trend in next-generation medical rescue research. This study aimed to analyze research hotspots and emerging trends in drone-based LAMR to assist healthcare professionals in optimizing LAMR systems for sustainable development.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A visual analysis was conducted using CiteSpace 6.3.R1 software to analyze research hotspots and emerging trends in drone-based LAMR from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2024. The indicators included publication output over time, publication countries and institutions, authors, cited journals, co-occurrence of keywords, and burst keyword detection.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 524 publications were included in the final analysis. The <em>Scandinavian Journal of Trauma Resuscitation & Emergency Medicine</em> emerged as the most cited journal. Research hotspots focused on operational efficiency and clinical outcomes of drone-based LAMR, system-level management and resource optimization, and tailored protocols for critical conditions. Future trends emphasize service delivery optimization and the role of drone-based LAMR in public health security.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>This study delineates the evolution of drone-based LAMR research, highlighting its growing integration with public health strategies. Findings reveal the need for innovation in drone-assisted technologies and interdisciplinary collaboration to enhance drone-based LAMR scalability and resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48914,"journal":{"name":"International Emergency Nursing","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101773"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146174156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2026.101752
Malakeh.Z. Malak , Anas Shehadeh , Ahmad Ayed , Moath Abu Ejheisheh , Ahmad Batran
Purpose
Emergency nurses work in high-pressure and emotionally demanding environments. High emotional intelligence is a crucial skill that can influence emergency nurses’ work performance. However, few studies have examined the correlations between emotional intelligence and demographic variables with emergency nurses’ work performance, especially in conflict zones such as Palestine. This study aimed to examine the levels of emotional intelligence and work performance, their correlations, and the effects of select demographic variables among a sample of 223 emergency nurses working in high-patient-load governmental hospitals in Palestine.
Methods
A cross-sectional, quantitative correlational design was used. Data were collected using the Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT) and the Employee Job Performance (EJP) Scale between March and April 2025. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, correlation tests, and multiple linear regression.
Results
The findings revealed high levels of emotional intelligence (M = 151.8 ± 1.9 out of 165) and work performance (M = 4.3 ± 0.4 out of 5). There were significant moderate correlations between work performance and age (r = 0.421, p < 0.001), work experience (r = 0.337, p < 0.001), and emotional intelligence (r = 0.597, p < 0.001). Emotional intelligence and age were positive predictors of work performance.
Conclusions
The findings highlight the central role of emotional intelligence in enhancing care provision among emergency nurses. Interventions that strengthen the emotional intelligence of emergency nurses should be adopted and promoted, especially in conflict zones. Correlating demographic variables can inform the design and delivery of such interventions.
目的急诊护士在高压和情感要求高的环境中工作。高情商是影响急诊护士工作绩效的一项重要技能。然而，很少有研究调查情绪智力和人口统计学变量与急诊护士工作绩效之间的关系，特别是在巴勒斯坦等冲突地区。本研究旨在研究在巴勒斯坦高病人负荷政府医院工作的223名急诊护士的情绪智力水平和工作表现，它们之间的相关性，以及选择的人口变量的影响。方法采用横断面定量相关设计。数据收集采用舒特自我报告情绪智力测试（SSEIT）和员工工作绩效（EJP）量表在2025年3月至4月之间。数据分析包括描述性统计、相关检验和多元线性回归。结果调查结果显示，受访员工情绪智力（M = 151.8±1.9 / 165）和工作表现（M = 4.3±0.4 / 5）均较高。工作表现与年龄（r = 0.421, p < 0.001）、工作经验（r = 0.337, p < 0.001）、情绪智力（r = 0.597, p < 0.001）存在显著的中度相关。情商和年龄是工作表现的正向预测因子。结论研究结果强调了情绪智力在提高急诊护士护理服务中的核心作用。应采取和促进加强急诊护士情商的干预措施，特别是在冲突地区。相关的人口变量可以为此类干预措施的设计和实施提供信息。
{"title":"The correlation of emotional intelligence and demographic characteristics with work performance among Palestinian emergency nurses","authors":"Malakeh.Z. Malak , Anas Shehadeh , Ahmad Ayed , Moath Abu Ejheisheh , Ahmad Batran","doi":"10.1016/j.ienj.2026.101752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ienj.2026.101752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Emergency nurses work in high-pressure and emotionally demanding environments. High emotional intelligence is a crucial skill that can influence emergency nurses’ work performance. However, few studies have examined the correlations between emotional intelligence and demographic variables with emergency nurses’ work performance, especially in conflict zones such as Palestine. This study aimed to examine the levels of emotional intelligence and work performance, their correlations, and the effects of select demographic variables among a sample of 223 emergency nurses working in high-patient-load governmental hospitals in Palestine.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional, quantitative correlational design was used. Data were collected using the Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT) and the Employee Job Performance (EJP) Scale between March and April 2025. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, correlation tests, and multiple linear regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The findings revealed high levels of emotional intelligence (M = 151.8 ± 1.9 out of 165) and work performance (M = 4.3 ± 0.4 out of 5). There were significant moderate correlations between work performance and age (r = 0.421, p < 0.001), work experience (r = 0.337, p < 0.001), and emotional intelligence (r = 0.597, p < 0.001). Emotional intelligence and age were positive predictors of work performance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The findings highlight the central role of emotional intelligence in enhancing care provision among emergency nurses. Interventions that strengthen the emotional intelligence of emergency nurses should be adopted and promoted, especially in conflict zones. Correlating demographic variables can inform the design and delivery of such interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48914,"journal":{"name":"International Emergency Nursing","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101752"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2026.101769
Yuting Qin, Na Li, Binbin Yang, JinFeng Liu
Background
As the issue of nurses’ turnover rate becomes increasingly prominent, work alienation has gradually become a research focus.
Aims
The aim of this study was to understand the current situation of work alienation among emergency department nurses and explore the mediating effect of work-related stress in the relationship between psychological capital and work alienation.
Methods
A cross-sectional investigation was conducted in four cities from June to August 2022, in China. A total of 364 nurses in emergency departments were included in this study. Data were collected using work-related stress questionnaires, psychological capital questionnaires, and work alienation questionnaires. Structural equation modeling implemented was used to analyze the relationship among psychological capital, work alienation, and work-related stress.
Results
Nurses in the emergency department have some extent of work alienation. Psychological capital had a direct and negative effect on work alienation, and it also had a significant indirect effect on work alienation through work-related stress, which means that work-related stress to a certain extent mediated the effect of psychological capital on work alienation, the mediating effect accounted for 39.11% of the total effect.
Conclusions
Work-related stress to a certain extent mediated the effect of psychological capital on work alienation among emergency department nurses. The result provides new insights for nursing managers to reduce their level of work alienation among nurses in emergency department.
{"title":"The mediating role of work-related stress between psychological capital and work alienation among nurses in emergency departments: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Yuting Qin, Na Li, Binbin Yang, JinFeng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ienj.2026.101769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ienj.2026.101769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>As the issue of nurses’ turnover rate becomes increasingly prominent, work alienation has gradually become a research focus.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>The aim of this study was to understand the current situation of work alienation among emergency department nurses and explore the mediating effect of work-related stress in the relationship between psychological capital and work alienation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional investigation was conducted in four cities from June to August 2022, in China. A total of 364 nurses in emergency departments were included in this study<strong>.</strong> Data were collected using work-related stress questionnaires, psychological capital questionnaires, and work alienation questionnaires. Structural equation modeling implemented was used to analyze the relationship among psychological capital, work alienation, and work-related stress.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Nurses in the emergency department have some extent of work alienation. Psychological capital had a direct and negative effect on work alienation, and it also had a significant indirect effect on work alienation through work-related stress, which means that work-related stress to a certain extent mediated the effect of psychological capital on work alienation, the mediating effect accounted for 39.11% of the total effect.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Work-related stress to a certain extent mediated the effect of psychological capital on work alienation among emergency department nurses. The result provides new insights for nursing managers to reduce their level of work alienation among nurses in emergency department.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48914,"journal":{"name":"International Emergency Nursing","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101769"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146158640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-12DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2026.101771
Simon Ouellet , Maria Cécilia Gallani , Sarah-Eve St-Pierre , Éric Mercier , Marc-Aurèle Gagnon , Patrick Archambault , Mélanie Bérubé
Aim
Identify quality indicators for nursing triage outlined in the Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS) guidelines and describe the skills and professional attributes required for nurses to perform high-quality triage.
Data sources
Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and 37 professional association websites.
Methods
This systematic review included CTAS guidelines published between January 1990 and August 2025. Guideline quality was appraised using the AGREE II tool. Quality indicators and nursing skills were standardized, grouped into conceptual categories, and their frequency was documented.
Result
Nine guidelines were included, all of which were low quality. Twelve key quality indicator categories were identified. Of these, 100% of guidelines required that triage report chief complaints, objective clinical assessment, use of CTAS modifiers, and triage acuity levels. Documentation of the mode of arrival to the emergency department (22%) and infection risk screening and control measures (11%) were the quality indicators least reported on. Nursing skills were grouped into three core areas. The first was knowledge, encompassing clinical proficiency in physical and mental health as well as familiarity with ethical and legal concepts. The second comprised clinical skills, namely advanced judgment, therapeutic communication and accurate record keeping. The third focused on behavioral and professional attitudes, emphasizing empathy, confidence and autonomy.
Conclusion
These findings underscore the need to reinforce triage quality through education, audit tools, and monitoring. Given the low quality of existing guidelines, future consensus efforts are needed to validate and refine indicators, providing a foundation for improving triage quality.
目的确定加拿大分诊和敏锐度量表（CTAS）指南中列出的护理分诊质量指标，并描述护士进行高质量分诊所需的技能和专业属性。数据来源embase， PubMed， CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science，以及37个专业协会网站。方法本系统综述纳入1990年1月至2025年8月期间发表的CTAS指南。使用AGREE II工具评价指南质量。对质量指标和护理技能进行标准化，归类为概念类别，并记录其使用频率。结果共纳入9份指南，均为低质量指南。确定了12个关键质量指标类别。其中，100%的指南要求分诊报告主诉、客观临床评估、使用CTAS调节剂和分诊灵敏度水平。到达急诊科的方式文件（22%）和感染风险筛查和控制措施（11%）是报告最少的质量指标。护理技能分为三个核心领域。首先是知识，包括身体和心理健康的临床熟练程度以及对道德和法律概念的熟悉程度。第二是临床技能，即超前判断、治疗沟通和准确记录。第三个侧重于行为态度和职业态度，强调同理心、自信和自主。结论：这些发现强调了通过教育、审计工具和监测来加强分诊质量的必要性。鉴于现有指南的质量较低，未来需要达成共识的努力来验证和完善指标，为提高分诊质量提供基础。
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