Pub Date : 2025-10-27DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2025.101704
Ted J. Andrews , Jill Fennell , Brian H. Wrotniak , Heather Territo
Objectives
Phlebotomy is an important source of self-reported pain in the pediatric emergency department. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Buzzy®, a vibrating cold device, to vapocoolant and control in reducing child-reported and parent-perceived pain during IV placement in the pediatric emergency department.
Methods
Patients ages 6–18 years who required IV insertion in the emergency department were randomized to Buzzy, vapocoolant or control groups. The Faces Pain Scale – Revised was used to assess both patient pain and parent perceived pain.
Results
171 patients were randomized into the 3 groups: 56 in the Buzzy group, 57 in the vapocoolant group and 58 in the control group. Patient-reported FACES pain scores decreased significantly from pre- to post-intervention in the Buzzy group (5.41 ± 2.90 to 3.58 ± 2.87, p < 0.01) but not in the vapocoolant group (4.54 ± 2.65 to 3.84 ± 3.12, not significant), or the control group (5.03 ± 3.01 to 4.57 ± 3.43, not significant). Guardian-reported pain scores also showed significant reductions in the Buzzy group (3.46 ± 2.88 to 1.69 ± 2.28, p < 0.01) and vapocoolant group (3.06 ± 2.93 to 2.24 ± 2.56, p < 0.05), with no significant change in the control group (2.86 ± 2.85 to 2.79 ± 2.84).
Conclusions
This study supports the utility of Buzzy® as a clinically effective resource in the management of phlebotomy related pain and demonstrates that it is as good or better than vapocoolant in the pediatric emergency department.
{"title":"The effectiveness of a gate channel device on pain in the pediatric emergency department: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Ted J. Andrews , Jill Fennell , Brian H. Wrotniak , Heather Territo","doi":"10.1016/j.ienj.2025.101704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ienj.2025.101704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Phlebotomy is an important source of self-reported pain in the pediatric emergency department. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Buzzy®, a vibrating cold device, to vapocoolant and control in reducing child-reported and parent-perceived pain during IV placement in the pediatric emergency department.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients ages 6–18 years who required IV insertion in the emergency department were randomized to Buzzy, vapocoolant or control groups. The Faces Pain Scale – Revised was used to assess both patient pain and parent perceived pain.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>171 patients were randomized into the 3 groups: 56 in the Buzzy group, 57 in the vapocoolant group and 58 in the control group. Patient-reported FACES pain scores decreased significantly from pre- to post-intervention in the Buzzy group (5.41 ± 2.90 to 3.58 ± 2.87, p < 0.01) but not in the vapocoolant group (4.54 ± 2.65 to 3.84 ± 3.12, not significant), or the control group (5.03 ± 3.01 to 4.57 ± 3.43, not significant). Guardian-reported pain scores also showed significant reductions in the Buzzy group (3.46 ± 2.88 to 1.69 ± 2.28, p < 0.01) and vapocoolant group (3.06 ± 2.93 to 2.24 ± 2.56, p < 0.05), with no significant change in the control group (2.86 ± 2.85 to 2.79 ± 2.84).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study supports the utility of Buzzy® as a clinically effective resource in the management of phlebotomy related pain and demonstrates that it is as good or better than vapocoolant in the pediatric emergency department.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48914,"journal":{"name":"International Emergency Nursing","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 101704"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145394626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-21DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2025.101702
Belinda Kennedy , Kate Curtis , Sarah Kourouche , Margaret Fry , Andrea McCloughen
Introduction
Evaluation of implementation strategies by end-users provides valuable insights into mechanisms of use and can identify areas for improvement. In February 2021, the HIRAID® emergency nursing framework was implemented in 10 sites across a predominantly rural Australian health district. The aim of this study was to explore the emergency nurses’ experiences of implementation and perceived impact on nursing practice.
Methods
A qualitative descriptive study was conducted using semi-structured interviews October-December 2021. Emergency nurses were recruited during implementation. Interviews were conducted by telephone, recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were imported to NVivo and an inductive analytic approach was undertaken, guided by Granheim and Lundman’s iterative conventional qualitative content analysis method.
Results
Thirteen experienced emergency nurses participated, from eight implementation sites. Four overarching categories were developed. Two related to the impact of HIRAID® on practice, influencing communication and critical thinking. The remaining categories related to organisational and individual factors that can influence implementation, and the educational program design and delivery for staff training.
Conclusion
Despite identified challenges in implementation in a rural context, participants all perceived some benefit to the HIRAID® intervention. The study highlights areas where modifications should be considered from the end-user’s perspective for future implementation activities.
{"title":"Australian rural nurses’ experiences of the implementation and impact of HIRAID® emergency nursing framework on nursing practice. A qualitative study","authors":"Belinda Kennedy , Kate Curtis , Sarah Kourouche , Margaret Fry , Andrea McCloughen","doi":"10.1016/j.ienj.2025.101702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ienj.2025.101702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Evaluation of implementation strategies by end-users provides valuable insights into mechanisms of use and can identify areas for improvement. In February 2021, the HIRAID® emergency nursing framework was implemented in 10 sites across a predominantly rural Australian health district. The aim of this study was to explore the emergency nurses’ experiences of implementation and perceived impact on nursing practice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A qualitative descriptive study was conducted using semi-structured interviews October-December 2021. Emergency nurses were recruited during implementation. Interviews were conducted by telephone, recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were imported to NVivo and an inductive analytic approach was undertaken, guided by Granheim and Lundman’s iterative conventional qualitative content analysis method.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirteen experienced emergency nurses participated, from eight implementation sites. Four overarching categories were developed. Two related to the impact of HIRAID® on practice, influencing communication and critical thinking. The remaining categories related to organisational and individual factors that can influence implementation, and the educational program design and delivery for staff training.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Despite identified challenges in implementation in a rural context, participants all perceived some benefit to the HIRAID® intervention. The study highlights areas where modifications should be considered from the end-user’s perspective for future implementation activities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48914,"journal":{"name":"International Emergency Nursing","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 101702"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145349478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2025.101688
Hamid Karimi kivi , Saeed Nazari , Elham Zamani , Hosein Mahdian
Background
The 2023 Turkey earthquake represented a significant challenge for health and disaster management systems, necessitating a coordinated response to address the urgent needs of affected populations. This paper explores the experiences and insights of foreign relief and health teams deployed during the disaster, highlighting the challenges encountered, strategies employed, and lessons learned.
Methodology
Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, this study incorporates in-depth, semi-structured interviews with health professionals and disaster response workers. Additionally, operational functions and assessments were observed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the response mechanisms employed during the earthquake. Data collection continued until data saturation and collected data were analyzed using the thematic analysis method, and the results were classified into different categories and sub-categories.
Findings
Extracting experiences in the earthquake of Turkey in 2023; after conducting 26 interviews and data saturation, was reached. The obtained data were divided into 8 categories and 47 sub-categories. Categories include; Response operations, international aid, social partnership, disease care system, planning and response to health emergencies, environmental health, communication and cooperation, coordination, leadership, and control in health operations.
Conclusion
The lessons learned from the health and disaster operations during the 2023 Turkey earthquake provide valuable insights for improving disaster response frameworks worldwide. Understanding the complexities of such emergencies is essential for enhancing the resilience of health systems in the face of future disasters. Additionally, Rapid response teams in the healthcare sector must be thoroughly equipped and ready for action, as they often encounter a myriad of challenges during the complex response process of international missions. Their preparedness is critical in effectively addressing emergent health crises, ensuring timely and appropriate interventions in high-pressure situations.
{"title":"Lessons learned from health and disaster operations during the 2023 Turkey earthquake: Perspectives of foreign relief and health teams","authors":"Hamid Karimi kivi , Saeed Nazari , Elham Zamani , Hosein Mahdian","doi":"10.1016/j.ienj.2025.101688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ienj.2025.101688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The 2023 Turkey earthquake represented a significant challenge for health and disaster management systems, necessitating a coordinated response to address the urgent needs of affected populations. This paper explores the experiences and insights of foreign relief and health teams deployed during the disaster, highlighting the challenges encountered, strategies employed, and lessons learned.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, this study incorporates in-depth, semi-structured interviews with health professionals and disaster response workers. Additionally, operational functions and assessments were observed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the response mechanisms employed during the earthquake. Data collection continued until data saturation and collected data were analyzed using the thematic analysis method, and the results were classified into different categories and sub-categories.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Extracting experiences in the earthquake of Turkey in 2023; after conducting 26 interviews and data saturation, was reached. The obtained data were divided into 8 categories and 47 sub-categories. Categories include; Response operations, international aid, social partnership, disease care system, planning and response to health emergencies, environmental health, communication and cooperation, coordination, leadership, and control in health operations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The lessons learned from the health and disaster operations during the 2023 Turkey earthquake provide valuable insights for improving disaster response frameworks worldwide. Understanding the complexities of such emergencies is essential for enhancing the resilience of health systems in the face of future disasters. Additionally, Rapid response teams in the healthcare sector must be thoroughly equipped and ready for action, as they often encounter a myriad of challenges during the complex response process of international missions. Their preparedness is critical in effectively addressing emergent health crises, ensuring timely and appropriate interventions in high-pressure situations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48914,"journal":{"name":"International Emergency Nursing","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 101688"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145325128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2025.101693
Baylie Trostian , Kate Curtis , Sameer Dikshit , Simon Binks , Anne Smith , Belinda Munroe , Geoff Hicks , Andrea McCloughen
Background
Women with early pregnancy bleeding experience care variations. We developed a guideline based on best available evidence to guide Emergency Department (ED) management.
Aim
To identify the barriers and enablers to the use of an evidence-based guideline for initial management of women with early pregnancy bleeding in the ED.
Methods
A mixed methods survey was distributed to 476 staff from four EDs and one Urgent Care Centre, across a health district. Quantitative data were analysed using jamovi (version 2.3.28) and qualitative data were coded and grouped into subcategories and categories. Enablers and barriers were identified, and quantitative and qualitative results were integrated.
Findings
One hundred and four staff completed the survey (response rate 21.8%). Two barriers to evidence-based practice were identified: knowledge and training gap; and ED resources and workload. Two enablers: ED clinician belief about appropriateness of care; and women are willing to stay, wait and/or request care. Two functioned as both enablers and barriers: guideline is available, however elements are absent or not applicable; and ED clinicians are confident in some but not all aspects of care.
Conclusion
Multiple enablers and barriers were identified that may affect the implementation of evidence-based practice for the management of early pregnancy bleeding.
{"title":"Barriers and enablers to evidence-based practice for the initial management of women with early pregnancy bleeding in the Emergency Department","authors":"Baylie Trostian , Kate Curtis , Sameer Dikshit , Simon Binks , Anne Smith , Belinda Munroe , Geoff Hicks , Andrea McCloughen","doi":"10.1016/j.ienj.2025.101693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ienj.2025.101693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Women with early pregnancy bleeding experience care variations. We developed a guideline based on best available evidence to guide Emergency Department (ED) management.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To identify the barriers and enablers to the use of an evidence-based guideline for initial management of women with early pregnancy bleeding in the ED.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A mixed methods survey was distributed to 476 staff from four EDs and one Urgent Care Centre, across a health district. Quantitative data were analysed using jamovi (version 2.3.28) and qualitative data were coded and grouped into subcategories and categories. Enablers and barriers were identified, and quantitative and qualitative results were integrated.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>One hundred and four staff completed the survey (response rate 21.8%). Two barriers to evidence-based practice were identified: knowledge and training gap; and ED resources and workload. Two enablers: ED clinician belief about appropriateness of care; and women are willing to stay, wait and/or request care. Two functioned as both enablers and barriers: guideline is available, however elements are absent or not applicable; and ED clinicians are confident in some but not all aspects of care.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Multiple enablers and barriers were identified that may affect the implementation of evidence-based practice for the management of early pregnancy bleeding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48914,"journal":{"name":"International Emergency Nursing","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 101693"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145313921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Workplace violence (WPV) is a persistent challenge in emergency departments (EDs), exacerbated by complex sociocultural dynamics, institutional shortcomings, and insufficient support systems. Emergency healthcare providers in South Africa work in high-pressure environments, frequently encountering aggression from patients and families who misunderstand the nature of emergency care.
Aim
To explore nurses’ perceptions and experiences of workplace violence in the emergency departments in South Africa.
Methods
This study used a qualitative descriptive design. Five semi-structured focus group discussions with 20 emergency nurses in South Africa. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. The study followed the COREQ guidelines.
Findings
Three themes emerged: contributors to violence, barriers to reporting workplace violence, and environmental and institutional challenges. Contributors to violence were frequently fuelled by public misconceptions about emergency care procedures, particularly unrealistic triage expectations and staff confrontational behaviours. Barriers to reporting were evidenced by unclear reporting protocols, fear of retaliation or futility, and a culture of managerial indifference. The identified environmental and institutional challenges included insufficient security presence, hazardous physical environments, and a lack of structured support mechanisms.
Conclusion
In South African EDs, WPV is exacerbated by socio-cultural misunderstandings, managerial complacency, and structural weaknesses. Addressing these issues will necessitate comprehensive strategies, such as improved institutional leadership, formalised reporting systems, and proactive safety interventions.
{"title":"South African emergency nurses’ perceptions and experiences of workplace violence: A qualitative study","authors":"Khutso Brian MAIMELA , Alhassan Sibdow ABUKARI , Emmanuel Kwame KORSAH , Shelley SCHMOLLGRUBER","doi":"10.1016/j.ienj.2025.101694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ienj.2025.101694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Workplace violence (WPV) is a persistent challenge<!--> <!-->in emergency departments (EDs), exacerbated by complex sociocultural dynamics, institutional shortcomings, and insufficient support systems. Emergency healthcare providers in South Africa work in high-pressure environments, frequently encountering aggression from patients and families who misunderstand the nature of emergency care.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To explore nurses’ perceptions and experiences of workplace violence in the emergency departments in South Africa.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study used a qualitative descriptive design. Five semi-structured focus group discussions with 20 emergency nurses in South Africa. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. The study followed the COREQ guidelines.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Three themes emerged: contributors to violence, barriers to reporting workplace violence, and environmental and institutional challenges. Contributors to violence were frequently fuelled by public misconceptions about emergency care procedures, particularly unrealistic triage expectations and staff confrontational behaviours. Barriers to reporting were evidenced by unclear reporting protocols, fear of retaliation or futility, and a culture of managerial indifference. The identified environmental and institutional challenges included insufficient security presence, hazardous physical environments, and a lack of structured support mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In South African EDs, WPV is exacerbated by socio-cultural misunderstandings, managerial complacency, and structural weaknesses. Addressing these issues will necessitate comprehensive strategies, such as improved institutional leadership, formalised reporting systems, and proactive safety interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48914,"journal":{"name":"International Emergency Nursing","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 101694"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-07DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2025.101698
Kaisa Seppänen , Antti Tanninen , Anu Venesoja
Background
Clinical placements are crucial for paramedic nursing students’ and other healthcare students’ learning. However, students’ experiences of guidance in placements vary. Our aim was to describe paramedic nursing students’ experiences of clinical placement in an ambulance where the teacher was another supervisor.
Methods
This descriptive qualitative study used purposeful sampling to interview 22 paramedic nursing students who completed their ambulance clinical placement with teacher supervision between April and December 2023. Data were analyzed using inductive content analysis.
Findings
One main category “Paramedic nursing students’ professional growth”, and two generic categories “Teachers’ supervising competence” and “Student-centered view” were generated. Students highlighted low threshold to ask questions, different perspective on supervising, and experiences of being safe, as well as time spent on ambulance tasks, learning discussions, learning experiences, and a targeted weekly schedule in a clinical placement where the teacher was their supervisor.
Conclusion
Embedding pedagogically trained teachers as clinical supervisors in ambulance placements enhances paramedic students’ professional growth by fostering a safe, structured, and student-centered learning environment. Familiar teacher-student relationships, low thresholds for questions, and reflective learning discussions contribute to meaningful supervision and highlight the need for pedagogical competence in ambulance settings.
{"title":"Paramedic nursing students’ experiences of clinical placement in an ambulance where the teacher is another clinical supervisor − A qualitative study","authors":"Kaisa Seppänen , Antti Tanninen , Anu Venesoja","doi":"10.1016/j.ienj.2025.101698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ienj.2025.101698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Clinical placements are crucial for paramedic nursing students’ and other healthcare students’ learning. However, students’ experiences of guidance in placements vary. Our aim was to describe paramedic nursing students’ experiences of clinical placement in an ambulance where the teacher was another supervisor.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This descriptive qualitative study used purposeful sampling to interview 22 paramedic nursing students who completed their ambulance clinical placement with teacher supervision between April and December 2023. Data were analyzed using inductive content analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>One main category “Paramedic nursing students’ professional growth”, and two generic categories “Teachers’ supervising competence” and “Student-centered view” were generated. Students highlighted low threshold to ask questions, different perspective on supervising, and experiences of being safe, as well as time spent on ambulance tasks, learning discussions, learning experiences, and a targeted weekly schedule in a clinical placement where the teacher was their supervisor.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Embedding pedagogically trained teachers as clinical supervisors in ambulance placements enhances paramedic students’ professional growth by fostering a safe, structured, and student-centered learning environment. Familiar teacher-student relationships, low thresholds for questions, and reflective learning discussions contribute to meaningful supervision and highlight the need for pedagogical competence in ambulance settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48914,"journal":{"name":"International Emergency Nursing","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 101698"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-06DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2025.101697
Duygu Akbaş Uysal , Ebru Ekiz
Background
Emergency departments’ red zones are complex clinical environments requiring both emergency interventions and intensive care-level services, representing a critical area of focus in this special issue on emergency critical care. Nurses working in these settings face multifaceted challenges, including role ambiguity, time constraints, and limited resources. However, few studies have explored these experiences through theoretical models.
Objective
This study aims to provide an in-depth exploration of nurses’ experiences delivering intensive care-level care to critically ill patients in the red zones of emergency departments, within a theoretical framework.
Method
Using a phenomenological qualitative approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 emergency nurses from various regions in Turkey. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s six-step thematic analysis, and findings were conceptually interpreted through Meleis’s Transition Theory and Tanner’s Clinical Judgment Model.
Findings
Four main themes and eleven subthemes emerged, including challenges in clinical judgment, role incompatibilities, and systemic shortages. Guided by Meleis’s framework, findings indicate that adherence to intensive care standards and clinical education enhances competence, confidence, and reflective practice, informing nursing practice and policy.
Conclusion
Nurses in emergency department red zones face multifaceted challenges, including the demands of multitasking, complexities in decision-making, and structural limitations in providing care for critically ill patients. The study emphasizes that clinical judgment is shaped not only by individual competencies but also by the availability of systemic support. These results underscore the necessity of establishing clear clinical guidelines, implementing structured team-based care models, and developing practice-oriented training programs to facilitate nurses’ transition between emergency and intensive care settings.
{"title":"Emergency nurses’ experiences of caring for critically ill patients requiring intensive care in the emergency department","authors":"Duygu Akbaş Uysal , Ebru Ekiz","doi":"10.1016/j.ienj.2025.101697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ienj.2025.101697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Emergency departments’ red zones are complex clinical environments requiring both emergency interventions and intensive care-level services, representing a critical area of focus in this special issue on emergency critical care. Nurses working in these settings face multifaceted challenges, including role ambiguity, time constraints, and limited resources. However, few studies have explored these experiences through theoretical models.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to provide an in-depth exploration of nurses’ experiences delivering intensive care-level care to critically ill patients in the red zones of emergency departments, within a theoretical framework.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Using a phenomenological qualitative approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 emergency nurses from various regions in Turkey. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s six-step thematic analysis, and findings were conceptually interpreted through Meleis’s Transition Theory and Tanner’s Clinical Judgment Model.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Four main themes and eleven subthemes emerged, including challenges in clinical judgment, role incompatibilities, and systemic shortages. Guided by Meleis’s framework, findings indicate that adherence to intensive care standards and clinical education enhances competence, confidence, and reflective practice, informing nursing practice and policy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Nurses in emergency department red zones face multifaceted challenges, including the demands of multitasking, complexities in decision-making, and structural limitations in providing care for critically ill patients. The study emphasizes that clinical judgment is shaped not only by individual competencies but also by the availability of systemic support. These results underscore the necessity of establishing clear clinical guidelines, implementing structured team-based care models, and developing practice-oriented training programs to facilitate nurses’ transition between emergency and intensive care settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48914,"journal":{"name":"International Emergency Nursing","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 101697"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145245614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-06DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2025.101696
Francesca Sandroni , Martina Pia Pugliese , Silvia Magagna , Stefano Sebastiani , Boaz Gedaliahu Samolsky Dekel , Guglielmo Imbriaco
Background
Effective pain management is a fundamental aspect of prehospital emergency care. However, numerous barriers, including inconsistent protocols, limited pharmacological options, and documentation gaps, hinder optimal pain relief. Emergency medical services (EMS) nurses play a crucial role in assessing and managing pain, yet their perspectives on prehospital analgesia remain underexplored.
Objective
This study aims to explore the experiences and perceptions of Italian EMS nurses regarding prehospital pain management, identifying key challenges and potential improvements.
Methods
A qualitative study was conducted using an interpretative phenomenological approach. Semi-structured interviews were performed with 14 EMS nurses from various Italian regions. Data was analyzed through thematic analysis, identifying recurring themes related to pain assessment, treatment, and documentation.
Results
Five main themes emerged: (1) variability in analgesia protocols and pharmacological options, (2) inconsistent pain assessment and documentation, (3) challenges in pain management related to specific patient populations or environmental and logistical factors, (4) nurses’ personal experiences shaping their approach to pain management, and (5) interprofessional collaboration challenges. While nurses emphasized the importance of systematic pain evaluation, barriers such as legal restrictions, inconsistent protocols, and limited pharmacological options were frequently reported.
Conclusion
Prehospital pain management by EMS nurses in Italy faces significant challenges. Expanding protocol-approved pharmacological options, improving documentation practices, and enhancing training for pain management in vulnerable populations could improve care. A standardized, evidence-based national framework is needed to optimize pain relief and ensure equitable patient outcomes.
{"title":"Nurses’ perspectives on providing analgesia in the Italian prehospital emergency setting: A phenomenological study","authors":"Francesca Sandroni , Martina Pia Pugliese , Silvia Magagna , Stefano Sebastiani , Boaz Gedaliahu Samolsky Dekel , Guglielmo Imbriaco","doi":"10.1016/j.ienj.2025.101696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ienj.2025.101696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Effective pain management is a fundamental aspect of prehospital emergency care. However, numerous barriers, including inconsistent protocols, limited pharmacological options, and documentation gaps, hinder optimal pain relief. Emergency medical services (EMS) nurses play a crucial role in assessing and managing pain, yet their perspectives on prehospital analgesia remain underexplored.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to explore the experiences and perceptions of Italian EMS nurses regarding prehospital pain management, identifying key challenges and potential improvements.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A qualitative study was conducted using an interpretative phenomenological approach. Semi-structured interviews were performed with 14 EMS nurses from various Italian regions. Data was analyzed through thematic analysis, identifying recurring themes related to pain assessment, treatment, and documentation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Five main themes emerged: (1) variability in analgesia protocols and pharmacological options, (2) inconsistent pain assessment and documentation, (3) challenges in pain management related to specific patient populations or environmental and logistical factors, (4) nurses’ personal experiences shaping their approach to pain management, and (5) interprofessional collaboration challenges. While nurses emphasized the importance of systematic pain evaluation, barriers such as legal restrictions, inconsistent protocols, and limited pharmacological options were frequently reported.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Prehospital pain management by EMS nurses in Italy faces significant challenges. Expanding protocol-approved pharmacological options, improving documentation practices, and enhancing training for pain management in vulnerable populations could improve care. A standardized, evidence-based national framework is needed to optimize pain relief and ensure equitable patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48914,"journal":{"name":"International Emergency Nursing","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 101696"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145245568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to assess the validity, reliability, and cultural adaptation of the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory – Emergency Department (CCFNI-ED) into the Indonesian language.
Methods
The study was conducted in three phases, including the translation and cultural adaptation process, content and face validation by six emergency nursing experts, and construct validity and reliability testing through a cross-sectional survey of 120 family members of patients in three emergency departments in Indonesia. Data analysis included the item-level content validity index (I-CVI), Cronbach’s alpha, item-total correlation, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA).
Results
The results showed a total Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.931, with all subscales having values greater than 0.70. The I-CVI value for all items was 1, indicating excellent content validity. EFA yielded six factors from 24 items, explaining 64.7 % of the total variance, with all items showing loadings ≥ 0.50 and communalities > 0.50. The correlations between subscales were significant (p < 0.01), with the strongest relationship observed between participation and communication (r = 0.720).
Conclusions
The CCFNI-ED instrument is valid and reliable for assessing family needs in patient care within emergency settings. This can enhance the quality of family-centered services in emergency departments.
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Pub Date : 2025-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2025.101699
Esra Türe
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