Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2023.2275579
Thomas Stridsland, Andreas Stounbjerg, Hans Sanderson
Abstract There has been a notable absence of procurement emissions in university GHG inventories, which act to inform universities of possible decarbonization pathways only partially. Guided by a methodological trade-offs consensus document presented by a consortium of Danish universities, this study estimates the 2021 emissions of Aarhus University, including procurement. Utilizing a hybrid approach of process- and spend-based methods the results contribute to a trend of hybrid university assessments. Procurement-related emissions (39,692 tCO2e) were estimated using accounting data and EXIOBASE, a multi-regional environmentally extended input-output (MREEIO) model, with all other emissions estimated using physical data and governmental sources (20,273 tCO2e). EXIOBASE draws on a combination of consequential and attributional life cycle assessment, therefore the results are reported separately to maintain the distinctions between methodologies. The accounting data is not optimally matched with EXIOBASE’s categories, yet the comprehensive nature of the method increased the university’s awareness of procurement emissions and presented initial decarbonization routes, along with recommendations for better data quality. Further research is necessary to enable informed decisions towards decarbonization and to allow seamless incorporation of supplier-specific emissions data, which requires greater interdepartmental collaboration to elevate data resolution, and a data ontology that preserves both supplier transparency and proprietary information.
{"title":"A hybrid approach to a more complete emissions inventory: a case study of Aarhus University","authors":"Thomas Stridsland, Andreas Stounbjerg, Hans Sanderson","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2023.2275579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2023.2275579","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There has been a notable absence of procurement emissions in university GHG inventories, which act to inform universities of possible decarbonization pathways only partially. Guided by a methodological trade-offs consensus document presented by a consortium of Danish universities, this study estimates the 2021 emissions of Aarhus University, including procurement. Utilizing a hybrid approach of process- and spend-based methods the results contribute to a trend of hybrid university assessments. Procurement-related emissions (39,692 tCO2e) were estimated using accounting data and EXIOBASE, a multi-regional environmentally extended input-output (MREEIO) model, with all other emissions estimated using physical data and governmental sources (20,273 tCO2e). EXIOBASE draws on a combination of consequential and attributional life cycle assessment, therefore the results are reported separately to maintain the distinctions between methodologies. The accounting data is not optimally matched with EXIOBASE’s categories, yet the comprehensive nature of the method increased the university’s awareness of procurement emissions and presented initial decarbonization routes, along with recommendations for better data quality. Further research is necessary to enable informed decisions towards decarbonization and to allow seamless incorporation of supplier-specific emissions data, which requires greater interdepartmental collaboration to elevate data resolution, and a data ontology that preserves both supplier transparency and proprietary information.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135870924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examined the climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices of dairy farmers in Agula and Maychew, Northern Ethiopia. Data was collected through focus group discussions (FGDs) and questionnaires. The study explored farmers’, implementation of three CSA practices – improved fodder, manure management, and replacement of unproductive cows. The determinants of CSA adoption were analyzed using a binary logistics model at significance levels of 1%, 5%, and 10%. Results showed that improved fodder was adopted by 60.1% in Agula and 18.2% in Maychew. The adoption of manure management (p = .229) and replacement of unproductive cows (p = .935) did not vary significantly. The replacement of unproductive cows had the highest adoption rate (45.9%). Improved fodder adoption was significantly higher among male-headed farms (p = .017). Manure management adoption was positively associated with gender (p = .034), number of cows (p = .081), and access to climate information (p = .063). Replacement of unproductive cows was associated with number of cows (p < .001), farm income (p = .049), and access to extension services (p = .006). FGDs revealed that farmers were able to perceive climate change and its effects on their dairy business. This study underscores the need for CSA practices to adapt to climate change impact on animals and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from dairy farms.
{"title":"Climate-smart agricultural practices: a case of dairy cooperative farmers in Agula and Maychew, Northern Ethiopia","authors":"Endale Balcha, Habtamu Taddele Menghistu, Amanuel Zenebe, Tadesse Teferi, Birhanu Hadush","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2023.2271880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2023.2271880","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices of dairy farmers in Agula and Maychew, Northern Ethiopia. Data was collected through focus group discussions (FGDs) and questionnaires. The study explored farmers’, implementation of three CSA practices – improved fodder, manure management, and replacement of unproductive cows. The determinants of CSA adoption were analyzed using a binary logistics model at significance levels of 1%, 5%, and 10%. Results showed that improved fodder was adopted by 60.1% in Agula and 18.2% in Maychew. The adoption of manure management (p = .229) and replacement of unproductive cows (p = .935) did not vary significantly. The replacement of unproductive cows had the highest adoption rate (45.9%). Improved fodder adoption was significantly higher among male-headed farms (p = .017). Manure management adoption was positively associated with gender (p = .034), number of cows (p = .081), and access to climate information (p = .063). Replacement of unproductive cows was associated with number of cows (p < .001), farm income (p = .049), and access to extension services (p = .006). FGDs revealed that farmers were able to perceive climate change and its effects on their dairy business. This study underscores the need for CSA practices to adapt to climate change impact on animals and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from dairy farms.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136068275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2023.2265156
Cara Stitzlein, Jeffrey A. Baldock, Stephen H. Roxburgh, Martijn Mooij, Daniel Smith, Peter Fitch
Abstract Carbon farming presents an opportunity for the land sector to generate income and transition to more sustainable land management practices. In Australia, establishing a carbon project and earning carbon credits is complex, with project proponents needing to satisfy eligibility requirements and adhere to rigorous measurement, verification, and reporting protocols of approved methods. To address these challenges, a human centered design (HCD) approach was used to deliver a digital solution, serving landowners’ needs related to method discovery and reconfiguring how the methodological and scientific complexity of abatement potentials was delivered. The solution, called LOOC-C (pronounced “Look-see”), supports the discovery of abatement methods that are available for a given land area and provides an initial estimate of the potential quantum of carbon sequestered/emitted and the nature of co-benefits associated with each eligible method. Reporting on LOOC-C development and its observed impact demonstrates the role that human centered digital tools have in promoting land management actions that are both sustainable and reasonable to undertake. It equally demonstrates the power of integrating environmental market and user requirements with a robust design methodology. With similar opportunities in environmental markets globally, additional applications of an HCD approach are proposed. Policy highlights In 2012, the Australian government established the Emissions Reduction Fund (ERF) to reward landowners (via awarding Australian Carbon Credit Units, or ACCUs) for the implementation of management practices that either sequester carbon and/or reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. Rigorous eligibility and method requirements are intended to provide confidence in abatement outcomes, but they introduce significant complexity that participants must overcome. 11 years later, uncertainties in the implementation and ACCU generation potential of ERF projects and implications on productivity/co-benefits have limited uptake and the quantum of ACCU generation of land sector enterprises. Digital tools that support the discovery of options and provide estimated potential outcomes, such as the LOOC-C tool described in this paper (https://looc-c.farm/), can generate interest and empowerment, helping to initiate decisions toward market participation. VIDEO ABSTRACT Facilitating Entry to Land Sector Carbon Abatement Projects: The LOOC-C Tool
{"title":"Facilitating entry to land sector carbon abatement projects: the LOOC-C tool","authors":"Cara Stitzlein, Jeffrey A. Baldock, Stephen H. Roxburgh, Martijn Mooij, Daniel Smith, Peter Fitch","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2023.2265156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2023.2265156","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Carbon farming presents an opportunity for the land sector to generate income and transition to more sustainable land management practices. In Australia, establishing a carbon project and earning carbon credits is complex, with project proponents needing to satisfy eligibility requirements and adhere to rigorous measurement, verification, and reporting protocols of approved methods. To address these challenges, a human centered design (HCD) approach was used to deliver a digital solution, serving landowners’ needs related to method discovery and reconfiguring how the methodological and scientific complexity of abatement potentials was delivered. The solution, called LOOC-C (pronounced “Look-see”), supports the discovery of abatement methods that are available for a given land area and provides an initial estimate of the potential quantum of carbon sequestered/emitted and the nature of co-benefits associated with each eligible method. Reporting on LOOC-C development and its observed impact demonstrates the role that human centered digital tools have in promoting land management actions that are both sustainable and reasonable to undertake. It equally demonstrates the power of integrating environmental market and user requirements with a robust design methodology. With similar opportunities in environmental markets globally, additional applications of an HCD approach are proposed. Policy highlights In 2012, the Australian government established the Emissions Reduction Fund (ERF) to reward landowners (via awarding Australian Carbon Credit Units, or ACCUs) for the implementation of management practices that either sequester carbon and/or reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. Rigorous eligibility and method requirements are intended to provide confidence in abatement outcomes, but they introduce significant complexity that participants must overcome. 11 years later, uncertainties in the implementation and ACCU generation potential of ERF projects and implications on productivity/co-benefits have limited uptake and the quantum of ACCU generation of land sector enterprises. Digital tools that support the discovery of options and provide estimated potential outcomes, such as the LOOC-C tool described in this paper (https://looc-c.farm/), can generate interest and empowerment, helping to initiate decisions toward market participation. VIDEO ABSTRACT Facilitating Entry to Land Sector Carbon Abatement Projects: The LOOC-C Tool","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136102625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2023.2267018
Magni Olsen Kyrkjeeide, Marte Fandrem, Anders Lorentzen Kolstad, Jesamine Bartlett, Benjamin Cretois, Hanna Marika Silvennoinen
Conserving soil carbon is one of many actions to take in limiting global warming. However, carbon dense peatlands are still being drained or excavated. Infrastructure development is one of the major current threats to boral peatlands in Fennoscandia, but few tools are available for calculations of carbon stocks in peatland areas, necessary for decision makers planning development projects. Thus, we compiled a reference database of key peat characteristics from main boreal peatland types sampled in Norway and tested “best practice” peat depth sampling methods and peat volume interpolations. We implemented our findings in CarbonViewer, a tool and easy-to-use app that reliably calculates carbon stocks of delimited peatlands. Tool and method presented, estimates carbon stocks to assess potential soil carbon loss in planned infrastructure development on peatlands and will give decision makers the necessary knowledge base to limit emissions from soil carbon.
{"title":"A calculator for local peatland volume and carbon stock to support area planners and decision makers","authors":"Magni Olsen Kyrkjeeide, Marte Fandrem, Anders Lorentzen Kolstad, Jesamine Bartlett, Benjamin Cretois, Hanna Marika Silvennoinen","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2023.2267018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2023.2267018","url":null,"abstract":"Conserving soil carbon is one of many actions to take in limiting global warming. However, carbon dense peatlands are still being drained or excavated. Infrastructure development is one of the major current threats to boral peatlands in Fennoscandia, but few tools are available for calculations of carbon stocks in peatland areas, necessary for decision makers planning development projects. Thus, we compiled a reference database of key peat characteristics from main boreal peatland types sampled in Norway and tested “best practice” peat depth sampling methods and peat volume interpolations. We implemented our findings in CarbonViewer, a tool and easy-to-use app that reliably calculates carbon stocks of delimited peatlands. Tool and method presented, estimates carbon stocks to assess potential soil carbon loss in planned infrastructure development on peatlands and will give decision makers the necessary knowledge base to limit emissions from soil carbon.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135729120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2023.2266671
Xuepei Yuan, Jianyun Hou, Runsheng Yin, Ping Liu
There have been assessments of the carbon (C) offsetting potential of China’s forest sector using historical inventories and future projections. Here, we critically reflect on the assessments we have done and carefully synthesize our findings of China’s C sequestration by forest ecosystems and storage by harvested wood products (HWPs). We show that China raised its forest stock volume by 5.069 × 109 m3 during 2006–2020, giving a biomass C uptake of 2.592 petagrams (Pg). With a cumulative C emission of 37.031 Pg during the same period of time, the offsetting ratio of forest biomass is 6.99%. If C stored in HWPs during the period (0.491 Pg) is included, that ratio rises to 8.33%; further counting C sequestered by forest soil (1.277 Pg) boosts the ratio to 11.76%. With a stock volume increase of 14.813 × 109 m3 from 2006 to 2060, projected under a conventional scenario, the forest sector C removal could reach 9.286 Pg without including soil C or 13.017 Pg otherwise, offsetting 10.50% or 14.72% of the cumulative emission of 88.425 Pg. These results indicate that the forest sector has played and will continue to play a significant a role in its decarbonizing drive, but the government has been conservative in setting its targets, particularly for the increase of forest stock volume. Future policy and research efforts must effectively link the country’s forest structure, quality, and growth, and thus C sequestration and storage, with improved forest management and wood products manufacturing.
{"title":"Assessing the carbon offsetting potential of China’s forest sector: reflection and outlook","authors":"Xuepei Yuan, Jianyun Hou, Runsheng Yin, Ping Liu","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2023.2266671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2023.2266671","url":null,"abstract":"There have been assessments of the carbon (C) offsetting potential of China’s forest sector using historical inventories and future projections. Here, we critically reflect on the assessments we have done and carefully synthesize our findings of China’s C sequestration by forest ecosystems and storage by harvested wood products (HWPs). We show that China raised its forest stock volume by 5.069 × 109 m3 during 2006–2020, giving a biomass C uptake of 2.592 petagrams (Pg). With a cumulative C emission of 37.031 Pg during the same period of time, the offsetting ratio of forest biomass is 6.99%. If C stored in HWPs during the period (0.491 Pg) is included, that ratio rises to 8.33%; further counting C sequestered by forest soil (1.277 Pg) boosts the ratio to 11.76%. With a stock volume increase of 14.813 × 109 m3 from 2006 to 2060, projected under a conventional scenario, the forest sector C removal could reach 9.286 Pg without including soil C or 13.017 Pg otherwise, offsetting 10.50% or 14.72% of the cumulative emission of 88.425 Pg. These results indicate that the forest sector has played and will continue to play a significant a role in its decarbonizing drive, but the government has been conservative in setting its targets, particularly for the increase of forest stock volume. Future policy and research efforts must effectively link the country’s forest structure, quality, and growth, and thus C sequestration and storage, with improved forest management and wood products manufacturing.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135731493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-18DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2023.2265154
Nina A. Randazzo, Doria R. Gordon
Extensions of harvest rotation length are a commonly proposed method to increase carbon sequestration in forests that are managed for timber. However, several limitations constrain realistic storage potential in intensively managed forests. We present an analysis of the realistic potential for additional carbon sequestration via rotation extension across the Pacific Northwest of the United States, an important timber-producing region, taking into account specific limitations. We first assess the limitations on rotation length imposed by the stand age at which wood production would decline over the long term, and then incorporate the age at which trunk diameter surpasses a reasonable threshold for logging. Using publicly available forest survey data, we empirically model growth parameters across this region for use in this analysis. Despite uncertainties, we find some opportunities for rotation length extension in western Washington with variation by sub-region and timber species, emphasizing the importance of geography- and species-specific growth parameters for forest carbon management even within a general region. However, the total realistic potential for sequestration under this improved forest management scenario is small relative to gross emissions: the estimated cumulative additional sequestration in aboveground live biomass would offset one year of gross emissions in the case of Washington state, while a decadal-scale rotation extension implemented gradually over the landscape to avoid a total pause on commercial timber production would take on the scale of a century to achieve. Overall, practical considerations greatly limit the realistic potential of this carbon sequestration strategy.
{"title":"Realistic potential increases in carbon storage via timber rotation extensions: an analysis of the Pacific Northwest","authors":"Nina A. Randazzo, Doria R. Gordon","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2023.2265154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2023.2265154","url":null,"abstract":"Extensions of harvest rotation length are a commonly proposed method to increase carbon sequestration in forests that are managed for timber. However, several limitations constrain realistic storage potential in intensively managed forests. We present an analysis of the realistic potential for additional carbon sequestration via rotation extension across the Pacific Northwest of the United States, an important timber-producing region, taking into account specific limitations. We first assess the limitations on rotation length imposed by the stand age at which wood production would decline over the long term, and then incorporate the age at which trunk diameter surpasses a reasonable threshold for logging. Using publicly available forest survey data, we empirically model growth parameters across this region for use in this analysis. Despite uncertainties, we find some opportunities for rotation length extension in western Washington with variation by sub-region and timber species, emphasizing the importance of geography- and species-specific growth parameters for forest carbon management even within a general region. However, the total realistic potential for sequestration under this improved forest management scenario is small relative to gross emissions: the estimated cumulative additional sequestration in aboveground live biomass would offset one year of gross emissions in the case of Washington state, while a decadal-scale rotation extension implemented gradually over the landscape to avoid a total pause on commercial timber production would take on the scale of a century to achieve. Overall, practical considerations greatly limit the realistic potential of this carbon sequestration strategy.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2023.2268071
Stephen M. Ogle, Richard T. Conant, Bart Fischer, Barbara K. Haya, Dale T. Manning, Bruce A. McCarl, Tamara Jane Zelikova
The U.S. government is planning significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions as part of their nationally determined contribution to the Paris Agreement. The plan includes a variety of activities, one of which is enhancing carbon sinks in soils through a climate-smart agriculture program. The nature of soil carbon along with market forces, cultural factors and other issues create challenges for a program in climate-smart agriculture. These challenges include quantification of soil carbon sequestration, targeting practice adoption that is additional to past adoption, and ensuring that emissions of other greenhouse gases do not increase with climate-smart practices. In addition, there are challenges associated with maintaining carbon storage in soils over a long-time horizon; and avoiding increases in greenhouse gas emissions on non-participating lands. We review and discuss options for addressing challenges with direct regulations, subsidies and tax incentives, carbon taxes, and carbon credit offsets. None of these policy interventions are likely to overcome all challenges, but there are ways to limit risks that challenges pose to each intervention. The ability of the U.S. government to limit or mitigate these risks through careful design of a climate-smart agriculture program will largely determine how much carbon is sequestered in soils, and associated contributions to their emissions reduction goal for the Paris Agreement.
{"title":"Policy challenges to enhance soil carbon sinks: the dirty part of making contributions to the Paris agreement by the United States","authors":"Stephen M. Ogle, Richard T. Conant, Bart Fischer, Barbara K. Haya, Dale T. Manning, Bruce A. McCarl, Tamara Jane Zelikova","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2023.2268071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2023.2268071","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. government is planning significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions as part of their nationally determined contribution to the Paris Agreement. The plan includes a variety of activities, one of which is enhancing carbon sinks in soils through a climate-smart agriculture program. The nature of soil carbon along with market forces, cultural factors and other issues create challenges for a program in climate-smart agriculture. These challenges include quantification of soil carbon sequestration, targeting practice adoption that is additional to past adoption, and ensuring that emissions of other greenhouse gases do not increase with climate-smart practices. In addition, there are challenges associated with maintaining carbon storage in soils over a long-time horizon; and avoiding increases in greenhouse gas emissions on non-participating lands. We review and discuss options for addressing challenges with direct regulations, subsidies and tax incentives, carbon taxes, and carbon credit offsets. None of these policy interventions are likely to overcome all challenges, but there are ways to limit risks that challenges pose to each intervention. The ability of the U.S. government to limit or mitigate these risks through careful design of a climate-smart agriculture program will largely determine how much carbon is sequestered in soils, and associated contributions to their emissions reduction goal for the Paris Agreement.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136212821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2023.2259864
Yingzi Chen, Jianda Liu, Fengmin Guo
To achieve the goal of carbon reduction, China has been piloting the Carbon Emission Trading System (CETS) since 2013. As the economy faces a downward trend, it is significant to explore the impact of CETS on business development. There is still debate in academia about whether this policy can boost the level of business development. This paper, based on all A-share data of listed companies in China from 2009 to 2018, uses the Difference in Differences (DID) model to verify the impact of CETS on the input of capital and labor factors and the level of technology in enterprises and discusses the industry heterogeneity of this impact in detail. Placebo tests, propensity score matching, and triple differences ensure the robustness of the conclusions. In further research, this paper decomposes the policy effect of CETS. It regresses the impact of carbon quota prices and carbon market trading scale on business development. The final conclusion is that CETS has a positive impact on the input of capital and labor in enterprises and a negative impact on the level of technology. After distinguishing industries, this conclusion shows differences according to different characteristics of high emissions and low emissions. In addition, the increase in carbon quota prices hinders business development, while the scale of carbon market trading shows an inverted “U” relationship with business development. The article provides meaningful policy references for China and countries in the early stages of CETS construction.
为实现碳减排目标，中国从2013年开始试点碳排放交易体系。在经济面临下行趋势的情况下，探讨cet对企业发展的影响具有重要意义。这一政策是否能促进商业发展水平，在学术界仍有争议。本文基于2009 - 2018年中国a股上市公司全部数据，运用差分法(Difference in Difference, DID)模型验证了cet对企业资本、劳动力要素投入和技术水平的影响，并详细探讨了这种影响的行业异质性。安慰剂检验、倾向评分匹配和三重差异确保了结论的稳健性。在进一步的研究中，本文对cet的政策效应进行了分解。回归了碳配额价格和碳市场交易规模对企业发展的影响。最后得出的结论是，cet对企业的资本和劳动力投入有正向影响，对技术水平有负向影响。在区分行业后，根据不同的高排放和低排放特征，这一结论呈现出差异。此外，碳配额价格的上涨阻碍了企业的发展，而碳市场交易规模与企业发展呈倒U型关系。本文为中国和其他处于cet建设初期的国家提供了有意义的政策参考。
{"title":"Does the carbon emission trading scheme foster the development of enterprises across various industries? An empirical study based on micro data from China","authors":"Yingzi Chen, Jianda Liu, Fengmin Guo","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2023.2259864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2023.2259864","url":null,"abstract":"To achieve the goal of carbon reduction, China has been piloting the Carbon Emission Trading System (CETS) since 2013. As the economy faces a downward trend, it is significant to explore the impact of CETS on business development. There is still debate in academia about whether this policy can boost the level of business development. This paper, based on all A-share data of listed companies in China from 2009 to 2018, uses the Difference in Differences (DID) model to verify the impact of CETS on the input of capital and labor factors and the level of technology in enterprises and discusses the industry heterogeneity of this impact in detail. Placebo tests, propensity score matching, and triple differences ensure the robustness of the conclusions. In further research, this paper decomposes the policy effect of CETS. It regresses the impact of carbon quota prices and carbon market trading scale on business development. The final conclusion is that CETS has a positive impact on the input of capital and labor in enterprises and a negative impact on the level of technology. After distinguishing industries, this conclusion shows differences according to different characteristics of high emissions and low emissions. In addition, the increase in carbon quota prices hinders business development, while the scale of carbon market trading shows an inverted “U” relationship with business development. The article provides meaningful policy references for China and countries in the early stages of CETS construction.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135485165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2023.2251929
Liping Liu, Zheng Lü
Abstract In the present study, it was explored how the volatility of the carbon neutrality concept index (CNCI) was affected by China economic policy uncertainty (CEPU) index, climate policy uncertainty (CPU) index, and geopolitical risk (GPR) index. According to the research of Amendola et al. the GARCH-MIDAS model was improved by introducing the realized kernel volatility of China stock market into the short-term volatility component. On this basis, the GARCH-RKV-MIDAS model was constructed. Meanwhile, both GARCH-MIDAS and GARCH-RKV-MIDAS models were applied to identify the influencing factors for CNCI volatility during the period between January 2018 and June 2022, with CNCI predicted. According to the research results, both the CPU index and the GPR index exert a significant effect on the long-term volatility of CNCI, despite no significant difference made by the CEPU index to the long-term volatility of CNCI. As for the prediction of CNCI volatility, the GARCH-RKV-MIDAS model clearly outperforms the GARCH-MIDAS model. Moreover, the CPU index outperforms the GPR index and the CEPU index in predicting the volatility of the CNCI.
{"title":"Policy uncertainty, geopolitical risks and China’s carbon neutralization","authors":"Liping Liu, Zheng Lü","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2023.2251929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2023.2251929","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the present study, it was explored how the volatility of the carbon neutrality concept index (CNCI) was affected by China economic policy uncertainty (CEPU) index, climate policy uncertainty (CPU) index, and geopolitical risk (GPR) index. According to the research of Amendola et al. the GARCH-MIDAS model was improved by introducing the realized kernel volatility of China stock market into the short-term volatility component. On this basis, the GARCH-RKV-MIDAS model was constructed. Meanwhile, both GARCH-MIDAS and GARCH-RKV-MIDAS models were applied to identify the influencing factors for CNCI volatility during the period between January 2018 and June 2022, with CNCI predicted. According to the research results, both the CPU index and the GPR index exert a significant effect on the long-term volatility of CNCI, despite no significant difference made by the CEPU index to the long-term volatility of CNCI. As for the prediction of CNCI volatility, the GARCH-RKV-MIDAS model clearly outperforms the GARCH-MIDAS model. Moreover, the CPU index outperforms the GPR index and the CEPU index in predicting the volatility of the CNCI.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46152058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2023.2251934
Sulemana Mumuni, Yaya Deome Hamadjoda Lefe
Abstract With the rise in global food insecurity, pollution, and wildlife extinction caused by climate change, development policies are now tailored toward addressing this quagmire. However, the unresolved question is, are climate-related development finances effective in greening the environment in developing countries? In this milieu, this study assessed the effectiveness of climate-related development finances and renewable energy consumption on CO2 emissions in Africa by applying the system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation technique on data from 2000 to 2020 for 41 selected countries. The findings show that the overall climate-related development finances, adaptation-related development finances, and mitigation-related development finances have short-run carbon-enhancing and long-run carbon-reducing effects in Africa. Similarly, renewable energy consumption and the net inflows of foreign direct investment have short-run worsening and long-run carbon-abatement effects in Africa. In contrast, higher GDP per capita, urbanization, and higher energy intensity are effective in reducing CO2 emissions in Africa only in the short run, however, they exacerbate CO2 emissions in Africa over the long run. In this light, the study underscores the need to invest heavily in climate-related development projects, and green technology innovation and production in Africa. The results also suggest the need to upgrade the current energy structure in Africa to renewable energy sources for a greener, cleaner, and brighter Africa. However, these policy perspectives require enough funds for effective implementation. Hence, the study calls on the developed countries (the polluters) to support Africa with the required funds to pay off climate debt by 2030 and build climate-resilient practices.
{"title":"Greening the environment: do climate-related development finances and renewable energy consumption matter? An African tale","authors":"Sulemana Mumuni, Yaya Deome Hamadjoda Lefe","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2023.2251934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2023.2251934","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract With the rise in global food insecurity, pollution, and wildlife extinction caused by climate change, development policies are now tailored toward addressing this quagmire. However, the unresolved question is, are climate-related development finances effective in greening the environment in developing countries? In this milieu, this study assessed the effectiveness of climate-related development finances and renewable energy consumption on CO2 emissions in Africa by applying the system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation technique on data from 2000 to 2020 for 41 selected countries. The findings show that the overall climate-related development finances, adaptation-related development finances, and mitigation-related development finances have short-run carbon-enhancing and long-run carbon-reducing effects in Africa. Similarly, renewable energy consumption and the net inflows of foreign direct investment have short-run worsening and long-run carbon-abatement effects in Africa. In contrast, higher GDP per capita, urbanization, and higher energy intensity are effective in reducing CO2 emissions in Africa only in the short run, however, they exacerbate CO2 emissions in Africa over the long run. In this light, the study underscores the need to invest heavily in climate-related development projects, and green technology innovation and production in Africa. The results also suggest the need to upgrade the current energy structure in Africa to renewable energy sources for a greener, cleaner, and brighter Africa. However, these policy perspectives require enough funds for effective implementation. Hence, the study calls on the developed countries (the polluters) to support Africa with the required funds to pay off climate debt by 2030 and build climate-resilient practices.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42546837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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