Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2022.2035823
P. C. Ndayisaba, S. Kuyah, Charles A. O. Midega, Peter Njoroge Mwangi, Z. Khan
Abstract Push-pull technology improves agricultural productivity. However, its long-term effect on biomass carbon and soil organic carbon (SOC) is not yet known. The aims of this study were: to assess the effect of push-pull technology on (1) biomass carbon and (2) SOC, considering climatic conditions and the length of time that push-pull had been practiced on a farm; and (3) to establish the relationship between biomass carbon and SOC on farms. Aboveground biomass carbon and SOC were measured on 36 farms in western Kenya, encompassing three contrasting sites (Bondo, Siaya and Vihiga) and six cropping systems (push-pull and five non-push-pull systems). Farms in western Kenya stock between 3.0 ± 0.3 and 4.0 ± 0.4 t C ha−1 in crop biomass and between 24.4 ± 2.1 and 37.0 ± 2.6 t C ha−1 in the soil for those practicing push-pull, and between 1.1 ± 0.3 and 2.1 ± 0.2 t C ha−1 biomass carbon and between 19.2 ± 2.1 and 31.1 ± 1.7 t C ha−1 soil carbon for those without push-pull. There was no correlation between biomass carbon and SOC. Adoption of push-pull offers opportunities to mitigate climate change through carbon sequestration in plants and soils in low-, medium- and high-rainfall environments in both long and short rain seasons.
推拉技术提高了农业生产力。然而，它对生物量碳和土壤有机碳（SOC）的长期影响尚不清楚。本研究的目的是：评估推挽技术对（1）生物量碳和（2）SOC的影响，考虑到气候条件和农场实施推挽的时间长度；以及（3）建立农场生物量碳与SOC之间的关系。在肯尼亚西部的36个农场测量了地上生物量碳和SOC，包括三个对比点（Bondo、Siaya和Vihiga）和六个种植系统（推拉和五个非推拉系统）。肯尼亚西部农场库存在3.0之间 ± 0.3和4.0 ± 作物生物量为0.4 t C ha−1，介于24.4 ± 2.1和37.0 ± 对于那些练习推拉的人来说，土壤中有2.6 t C ha−1，在1.1之间 ± 0.3和2.1 ± 0.2 t C ha−1生物量碳和19.2之间 ± 2.1和31.1 ± 1.7 t C ha−1土壤碳，对于没有推拉的土壤。生物量碳和SOC之间没有相关性。推拉的采用为在长雨季和短雨季的低、中、高降雨量环境中通过植物和土壤的碳固存来缓解气候变化提供了机会。
{"title":"Push-pull technology improves carbon stocks in rainfed smallholder agriculture in Western Kenya","authors":"P. C. Ndayisaba, S. Kuyah, Charles A. O. Midega, Peter Njoroge Mwangi, Z. Khan","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2022.2035823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2022.2035823","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Push-pull technology improves agricultural productivity. However, its long-term effect on biomass carbon and soil organic carbon (SOC) is not yet known. The aims of this study were: to assess the effect of push-pull technology on (1) biomass carbon and (2) SOC, considering climatic conditions and the length of time that push-pull had been practiced on a farm; and (3) to establish the relationship between biomass carbon and SOC on farms. Aboveground biomass carbon and SOC were measured on 36 farms in western Kenya, encompassing three contrasting sites (Bondo, Siaya and Vihiga) and six cropping systems (push-pull and five non-push-pull systems). Farms in western Kenya stock between 3.0 ± 0.3 and 4.0 ± 0.4 t C ha−1 in crop biomass and between 24.4 ± 2.1 and 37.0 ± 2.6 t C ha−1 in the soil for those practicing push-pull, and between 1.1 ± 0.3 and 2.1 ± 0.2 t C ha−1 biomass carbon and between 19.2 ± 2.1 and 31.1 ± 1.7 t C ha−1 soil carbon for those without push-pull. There was no correlation between biomass carbon and SOC. Adoption of push-pull offers opportunities to mitigate climate change through carbon sequestration in plants and soils in low-, medium- and high-rainfall environments in both long and short rain seasons.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":"13 1","pages":"127 - 141"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41317207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2022.2061378
S. Yue
{"title":"Climate and energy governance for the UK low carbon transition","authors":"S. Yue","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2022.2061378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2022.2061378","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":"13 1","pages":"178 - 180"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47841546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2022.2029575
Abderrahmane Ameray, J. Castro, M. Castro
Abstract Wildfires have been an important process affecting forests and rangelands worldwide. In the Mediterranean region, wildfires burn about half a million hectares of forest and scrubland every year. Fuel loads are the main factor controlling fire risk and its propagation. The reduction of fuel loads by grazing could help to decrease the spread and intensity of wildfires in this region. This study aims to assess the contribution of sheep grazing on fuel load management and their role to the mitigation of wildfire greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The methodological approach is based on a simulation of the grazing pressure required to reduce a given quantity of fuel, under the assumption that if it is not consumed, it becomes fuel. Following, a simulation model was designed to estimate the total GHG emissions prevented through grazing, by reducing the risk of fire. These emissions were estimated based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) framework. The accumulated fuels were estimated to be 3126.65 kg dry matter (DM) ha−1 and the biomass potentially consumed by sheep was 1416.03 kg DM ha−1 yr−1, corresponding to 45.29% of accumulated fuel loads. Our findings suggest a value of 3.88 sheep ha−1 day−1 as the ideal to reduce 4833.63 kg CO2eq ha−1 yr−1 of emissions, distributed between CO2 (−2221.76 kg CO2eq ha−1 yr−1; 45.96%), NOx (−1873.41 kg CO2eq ha−1 yr−1; 38.76%), CO (−454.55 kg CO2eq ha−1 yr−1; 9.40%), CH4 (−186.35 kg CO2eq ha−1 yr−1; 3.86%) and N2O (−97.56 kg CO2eq ha−1 yr−1; 2%). The results of this study also underline that livestock can help to mitigate climate change in areas prone to wildfires.
野火是影响全球森林和牧场的重要过程。在地中海地区，野火每年烧毁大约50万公顷的森林和灌木丛。燃料负荷是控制火灾风险及其蔓延的主要因素。通过放牧减少燃料负荷可以帮助减少该地区野火的蔓延和强度。本研究旨在评估羊放牧对燃料负荷管理的贡献及其对野火温室气体(GHG)排放减缓的作用。方法方法是基于对减少一定数量燃料所需放牧压力的模拟，假设如果燃料不被消耗，它就成为燃料。随后，设计了一个模拟模型来估计通过放牧减少火灾风险而减少的温室气体排放总量。这些排放量是根据政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)框架估算的。累积燃料估计为3126.65 kg干物质(DM) ha−1，绵羊潜在消耗的生物量为1416.03 kg DM ha−1 yr−1，相当于累积燃料负荷的45.29%。我们的研究结果表明，3.88只羊ha−1 day−1是减少4833.63 kg CO2eq ha−1 year−1排放量的理想值，分布在CO2 (- 2221.76 kg CO2eq ha−1 year−1;45.96%)， NOx(−1873.41 kg CO2eq ha−1 yr−1;38.76%)， CO (- 454.55 kg CO2eq ha - 1年- 1;9.40%)， CH4 (- 186.35 kg CO2eq ha - 1年- 1;3.86%)和N2O (- 97.56 kg CO2eq ha - 1年- 1;2%)。这项研究的结果还强调，在容易发生野火的地区，牲畜可以帮助缓解气候变化。
{"title":"Potential greenhouse gas emissions mitigation through increased grazing pressure: a case study in North Portugal","authors":"Abderrahmane Ameray, J. Castro, M. Castro","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2022.2029575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2022.2029575","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Wildfires have been an important process affecting forests and rangelands worldwide. In the Mediterranean region, wildfires burn about half a million hectares of forest and scrubland every year. Fuel loads are the main factor controlling fire risk and its propagation. The reduction of fuel loads by grazing could help to decrease the spread and intensity of wildfires in this region. This study aims to assess the contribution of sheep grazing on fuel load management and their role to the mitigation of wildfire greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The methodological approach is based on a simulation of the grazing pressure required to reduce a given quantity of fuel, under the assumption that if it is not consumed, it becomes fuel. Following, a simulation model was designed to estimate the total GHG emissions prevented through grazing, by reducing the risk of fire. These emissions were estimated based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) framework. The accumulated fuels were estimated to be 3126.65 kg dry matter (DM) ha−1 and the biomass potentially consumed by sheep was 1416.03 kg DM ha−1 yr−1, corresponding to 45.29% of accumulated fuel loads. Our findings suggest a value of 3.88 sheep ha−1 day−1 as the ideal to reduce 4833.63 kg CO2eq ha−1 yr−1 of emissions, distributed between CO2 (−2221.76 kg CO2eq ha−1 yr−1; 45.96%), NOx (−1873.41 kg CO2eq ha−1 yr−1; 38.76%), CO (−454.55 kg CO2eq ha−1 yr−1; 9.40%), CH4 (−186.35 kg CO2eq ha−1 yr−1; 3.86%) and N2O (−97.56 kg CO2eq ha−1 yr−1; 2%). The results of this study also underline that livestock can help to mitigate climate change in areas prone to wildfires.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":"13 1","pages":"142 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43855472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2022.2098176
R. Hammerschlag
Abstract A global warming potential of albedo (GWPA) is proposed, that represents the carbon dioxide emissions equivalent to a 0.01 increase in albedo over 1 m2 of horizontal surface. A survey of prior literature suggests GWPA ≈ −4.2 kgCO2/m2. Taking Los Angeles, CA as a test site for urban global warming mitigation actions, a residential “cool roof” project offers approximately seven times as much radiative forcing benefit from albedo change as from GHG reduction of energy efficiency; and a citywide increase to commercial building roof albedo offers radiative forcing benefit equivalent to the first 6½ years of all commercial sector GHG emission reductions proposed in the City of Los Angeles climate action plan. Discussion explores pathways and challenges to making albedo increases fungible with GHG reductions in GHG markets.
{"title":"Bringing albedo to the GHG market","authors":"R. Hammerschlag","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2022.2098176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2022.2098176","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A global warming potential of albedo (GWPA) is proposed, that represents the carbon dioxide emissions equivalent to a 0.01 increase in albedo over 1 m2 of horizontal surface. A survey of prior literature suggests GWPA ≈ −4.2 kgCO2/m2. Taking Los Angeles, CA as a test site for urban global warming mitigation actions, a residential “cool roof” project offers approximately seven times as much radiative forcing benefit from albedo change as from GHG reduction of energy efficiency; and a citywide increase to commercial building roof albedo offers radiative forcing benefit equivalent to the first 6½ years of all commercial sector GHG emission reductions proposed in the City of Los Angeles climate action plan. Discussion explores pathways and challenges to making albedo increases fungible with GHG reductions in GHG markets.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":"13 1","pages":"372 - 378"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43867105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2022.2133743
G. Kassa, T. Bekele, S. Demissew, T. Abebe
Abstract As the loss of forests over time results in a net flux of carbon (C) into the atmosphere, the practice of agroforestry can combat this and serve as a long-term sink for CO2. Based on the inventory of 93 homegarden agroforestry systems (AFS) in three study sites and using a non-destructive method involving allometric equations, the research assessed aboveground (AG) and belowground (BG) biomass and biomass C stocks across sites and along age groups in homegarden AFS in southern and southwestern Ethiopia. Plant diversity parameters were also gathered on perennial plant species. Results indicate that the mean perennial plant species richness per homegarden agroforestry, and other diversity parameters varied strongly among sites (p < 0.05). Biomass C stocks range from 18.11 at Malo Ezo to 32.86 Mg C ha−1 at Saja Laften for AG, 3.97 to 7.10 Mg C ha−1 for BG, and 22.02 to 39.96 Mg C ha−1, for each respective sites, for the overall biomass C stocks were recorded within the homegarden agroforestry systems. In terms of age groups, the mean total biomass C stock did show numerical change from the initial, ≤10 years (22.49 Mg C ha−1) to the middle age group, >10 and ≤20 years (39.96 Mg C ha−1), but it was stagnant 20 years onward (28.49 Mg C ha−1). The homegarden agroforestry systems had the potential to store up to 80.81–112.30 Mg·ha−1 of CO2 equivalents across sites, and 82.53–104.55 Mg·ha−1 of CO2 equivalents along age groups. A positive relationship was noted between AG woody biomass C stocks and attributes such as woody species richness, and woody plant density. Considering the involvement of large numbers of homegardeners, future improvements and expansion of homegarden agroforestry to larger areas can enhance to a great extent the potential to sequester C and thereby mitigate climate change.
随着时间的推移，森林的减少会导致碳(C)的净通量进入大气，农林业的实践可以解决这一问题，并作为二氧化碳的长期汇。基于三个研究地点的93个家庭园林式农林业系统(AFS)的库存，并使用涉及异速生长方程的非破坏性方法，本研究评估了埃塞俄比亚南部和西南部家庭园林式农林业不同地点和不同年龄组的地上(AG)和地下(BG)生物量和生物量C储量。收集了多年生植物种类的植物多样性参数。结果表明:不同样地间多年生植物物种丰富度(p 10和≤20 a)差异较大(39.96 Mg C ha−1)，但20 a后基本保持不变(28.49 Mg C ha−1)。家庭园林式农林业系统在不同地点的CO2当量可达80.81 ~ 112.30 Mg·ha−1，在不同年龄组的CO2当量可达82.53 ~ 104.55 Mg·ha−1。AG木本生物量C储量与木本物种丰富度、木本植物密度等属性呈显著正相关。考虑到大量家庭园丁的参与，未来对家庭农林业的改进和扩大可以在很大程度上提高固碳的潜力，从而减缓气候变化。
{"title":"Above- and belowground biomass and biomass carbon stocks in homegarden agroforestry systems of different age groups at three sites of southern and southwestern Ethiopia","authors":"G. Kassa, T. Bekele, S. Demissew, T. Abebe","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2022.2133743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2022.2133743","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As the loss of forests over time results in a net flux of carbon (C) into the atmosphere, the practice of agroforestry can combat this and serve as a long-term sink for CO2. Based on the inventory of 93 homegarden agroforestry systems (AFS) in three study sites and using a non-destructive method involving allometric equations, the research assessed aboveground (AG) and belowground (BG) biomass and biomass C stocks across sites and along age groups in homegarden AFS in southern and southwestern Ethiopia. Plant diversity parameters were also gathered on perennial plant species. Results indicate that the mean perennial plant species richness per homegarden agroforestry, and other diversity parameters varied strongly among sites (p < 0.05). Biomass C stocks range from 18.11 at Malo Ezo to 32.86 Mg C ha−1 at Saja Laften for AG, 3.97 to 7.10 Mg C ha−1 for BG, and 22.02 to 39.96 Mg C ha−1, for each respective sites, for the overall biomass C stocks were recorded within the homegarden agroforestry systems. In terms of age groups, the mean total biomass C stock did show numerical change from the initial, ≤10 years (22.49 Mg C ha−1) to the middle age group, >10 and ≤20 years (39.96 Mg C ha−1), but it was stagnant 20 years onward (28.49 Mg C ha−1). The homegarden agroforestry systems had the potential to store up to 80.81–112.30 Mg·ha−1 of CO2 equivalents across sites, and 82.53–104.55 Mg·ha−1 of CO2 equivalents along age groups. A positive relationship was noted between AG woody biomass C stocks and attributes such as woody species richness, and woody plant density. Considering the involvement of large numbers of homegardeners, future improvements and expansion of homegarden agroforestry to larger areas can enhance to a great extent the potential to sequester C and thereby mitigate climate change.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":"13 1","pages":"531 - 549"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48145859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2022.2063761
Joshua J. Puhlick, A. Weiskittel, I. Fernandez, Kevin A. Solarik, D. Sleep
Abstract Comparing forest and harvested wood product carbon (C) stocks and accumulation among forest management treatments commonly applied in managed forests is needed to inform planning and policy decisions for C objectives. Therefore, pre- and post-harvest C stocks were quantified and C accumulation was projected over a 31-year period (to ∼2050) among forest management treatments that were applied on a subset (n = 3) of the Maine Adaptive Silviculture Network installations in northern Maine, USA. These installations included mature, second-growth forests composed of northern hardwood and hardwood-dominated mixedwood stands. Before treatments were initiated, average aboveground live tree C stocks ranged from 67.1 to 99.7 Mg ha−1. For the aboveground portions of live trees, dead wood and harvested wood products, the projected average annual net change in C (AAC) was 0.232 ± 1.164 Mg ha−1 year−1 (mean ± standard deviation). Models of projected AAC indicated that less biomass removal during harvests and greater representation of tree species with low tolerance of shade were associated with positive AAC values. The results emphasize the importance of leveraging multiple harvesting strategies to achieve C objectives, including consideration of forest reserves and using targeted yet operationally feasible silvicultural treatments that promote forest resilience relative to climate change.
{"title":"Evaluation of projected carbon accumulation after implementing different forest management treatments in mixed-species stands in northern Maine","authors":"Joshua J. Puhlick, A. Weiskittel, I. Fernandez, Kevin A. Solarik, D. Sleep","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2022.2063761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2022.2063761","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Comparing forest and harvested wood product carbon (C) stocks and accumulation among forest management treatments commonly applied in managed forests is needed to inform planning and policy decisions for C objectives. Therefore, pre- and post-harvest C stocks were quantified and C accumulation was projected over a 31-year period (to ∼2050) among forest management treatments that were applied on a subset (n = 3) of the Maine Adaptive Silviculture Network installations in northern Maine, USA. These installations included mature, second-growth forests composed of northern hardwood and hardwood-dominated mixedwood stands. Before treatments were initiated, average aboveground live tree C stocks ranged from 67.1 to 99.7 Mg ha−1. For the aboveground portions of live trees, dead wood and harvested wood products, the projected average annual net change in C (AAC) was 0.232 ± 1.164 Mg ha−1 year−1 (mean ± standard deviation). Models of projected AAC indicated that less biomass removal during harvests and greater representation of tree species with low tolerance of shade were associated with positive AAC values. The results emphasize the importance of leveraging multiple harvesting strategies to achieve C objectives, including consideration of forest reserves and using targeted yet operationally feasible silvicultural treatments that promote forest resilience relative to climate change.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":"13 1","pages":"190 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43073708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2022.2074314
Issiakou Alladé Houssoukpèvi, Hervé Nonwègnon Sayimi Aholoukpè, Démayi Jorès Mauryo Fassinou, Murielle Nancy Rakotondrazafy, G. Amadji, L. Chapuis-Lardy, T. Chevallier
Abstract The inventory of the carbon (C) pools in Africa’s ecosystems is not well documented, although it is crucial to support climate mitigation policies. We quantified the C stocks in plant biomass, woody necromass, litter and soil (0–30 and 30–100 cm) for the five main land uses – forest, tree plantation, young and adult palm groves, croplands – of Ferralsols on the Allada plateau in southeast Benin. Forests have the highest total C stocks (389 ± 54 Mg C ha−1) compared with other land uses (222 ± 33, 154 ± 6, 105 ± 2, 77 ± 3 Mg C ha−1 in tree plantations, adult palm groves, young palm groves and croplands, respectively). The C stocks are higher in the biomass than in the soil (0–100 cm), e.g. in the forest, stocks were 279 ± 54 Mg C ha−1 in the biomass versus 83 ± 2 Mg C ha−1 in the soil. Differences of soil C stocks between land uses are low (≈ 28 Mg C ha−1) and concentrated in topsoils. The structure and species diversity of the forest partly explained the variability and the high C biomass compared to tree plantations. Type of forest and plantations is important to consider in conserving C stocks in landscapes.
非洲生态系统中碳(C)库的清单没有得到很好的记录，尽管它对支持气候减缓政策至关重要。我们量化了贝宁东南部阿拉达高原Ferralsols五种主要土地利用方式(森林、人工林、幼树和成树棕榈林、农田)的植物生物量、木质枯枝、凋落物和土壤(0-30 cm和30-100 cm)中的碳储量。森林的总碳储量(389±54 Mg C ha - 1)高于其他土地利用(人工林、成年棕榈林、幼树棕榈林和农田分别为222±33、154±6、105±2、77±3 Mg C ha - 1)。生物量中的碳储量高于土壤(0 ~ 100 cm)，如森林生物量中的碳储量为279±54 Mg C ha−1，土壤中的碳储量为83±2 Mg C ha−1。不同土地利用方式的土壤碳储量差异不大(≈28 Mg C ha−1)，且集中在表层土壤。森林的结构和物种多样性部分解释了变异和高于人工林的碳生物量。森林和人工林的类型是保护景观中碳储量的重要因素。
{"title":"Biomass and soil carbon stocks of the main land use of the Allada Plateau (Southern Benin)","authors":"Issiakou Alladé Houssoukpèvi, Hervé Nonwègnon Sayimi Aholoukpè, Démayi Jorès Mauryo Fassinou, Murielle Nancy Rakotondrazafy, G. Amadji, L. Chapuis-Lardy, T. Chevallier","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2022.2074314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2022.2074314","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The inventory of the carbon (C) pools in Africa’s ecosystems is not well documented, although it is crucial to support climate mitigation policies. We quantified the C stocks in plant biomass, woody necromass, litter and soil (0–30 and 30–100 cm) for the five main land uses – forest, tree plantation, young and adult palm groves, croplands – of Ferralsols on the Allada plateau in southeast Benin. Forests have the highest total C stocks (389 ± 54 Mg C ha−1) compared with other land uses (222 ± 33, 154 ± 6, 105 ± 2, 77 ± 3 Mg C ha−1 in tree plantations, adult palm groves, young palm groves and croplands, respectively). The C stocks are higher in the biomass than in the soil (0–100 cm), e.g. in the forest, stocks were 279 ± 54 Mg C ha−1 in the biomass versus 83 ± 2 Mg C ha−1 in the soil. Differences of soil C stocks between land uses are low (≈ 28 Mg C ha−1) and concentrated in topsoils. The structure and species diversity of the forest partly explained the variability and the high C biomass compared to tree plantations. Type of forest and plantations is important to consider in conserving C stocks in landscapes.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":"14 4","pages":"249 - 265"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41245712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2022.2130090
Dagnew Yebeyen, S. Nemomissa, G. Sileshi, Worku Zewdie, B. Hailu, R. Rodríguez, F. H. Desalegne, T. M. Woldie
Abstract Bamboos provide a number of ecosystem services, including the provision of a permanent carbon (C) sink. The present study was undertaken in the Sheka forest, currently recognized as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop species- and site-specific allometric models for biomass estimation and (2) quantify the carbon storage capacity of highland bamboo stands. A total of 12 plots each measuring 10 m x 10 m were established at a distance of 200 m in the forest. 96 culms were harvested for the development of biomass estimation equations. Litter samples were collected in 1 m x 1 m subplots, while soil samples were collected at 0–10, 10–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm soil depths for determination of soil organic carbon (SOC) contents. The estimated mean DBH, basal area and plant height were 7.0 cm, 53.2 m2 ha−1 and 12.9 m, respectively. The study has established allometric scaling of plant height with stem diameter in highland bamboo. It has also established that the allometric model is superior to commonly used non-linear H-DBH models. Aboveground biomass was estimated at 93 Mg ha−1 with mean C stocks of 43.7 Mg ha−1. The estimated below-ground biomass was 18.6 Mg ha−1 with C stocks of 8.7 Mg ha−1. The C stocks in the litter layer were estimated at 1.57 Mg ha−1. Average soil C storage was estimated at 388.12 Mg ha−1 within the 0–60 cm soil depth. In total, the natural highland bamboo stands store approximately 442.1 Mg C ha−1. The estimated C stocks were comparable with values reported for bamboos in Ethiopia and elsewhere. It is concluded that natural highland bamboo stands play a significant role as carbon sinks. The insights gained in this study are expected to be applicable to Afromontane ecosystems where highland bamboo occurs in Africa. HIGHLIGHTS Highland bamboo (Oldeania alpina) is a conspicuous element of Afromontane vegetation in Africa We developed models for estimating biomass carbon (C) stocks in highland bamboo stands We estimated biomass C stock of highland bamboo stands at 52.5 Mg ha−1 and litter C at 1.6 Mg ha−1 Soil organic C stock of highland bamboo stands was 388.1 Mg ha−1 Total system C in highland bamboo stands was over 442 Mg ha−1
摘要竹子提供了许多生态系统服务，包括提供永久性碳（C）汇。本研究是在谢卡森林进行的，该森林目前被认定为联合国教科文组织生物圈保护区。本研究的目的是：（1）开发用于生物量估计的物种和特定地点的异速生长模型；（2）量化高原竹林的碳储存能力。共有12个地块，每个地块测量10 m x 10 m的距离 我在森林里。收获96根秆，用于开发生物量估算方程。垃圾样本收集于1 m x 1 m亚地块，而土壤样本分别在0–10、10–20、20–40和40–60采集 cm土壤深度，用于测定土壤有机碳（SOC）含量。估计的平均DBH、基底面积和株高为7.0 厘米，53.2 m2 ha−1和12.9 m、 分别。本研究建立了高原竹株高与茎径的异速标度。它还证实了异速模型优于常用的非线性H-DBH模型。地上生物量估计为93 Mg ha−1，平均C储量为43.7 Mg ha−1。估计地下生物量为18.6 Mg ha−1，C储量为8.7 Mg ha−1。枯枝落叶层中的碳储量估计为1.57 Mg ha−1。土壤平均碳储量估计为388.12 Mg ha−1在0–60范围内 cm土壤深度。总的来说，天然高原竹林储存量约为442.1 Mg C ha−1。估计的碳储量与埃塞俄比亚和其他地方竹子的报告值相当。结果表明，天然高原竹林具有重要的碳汇作用。这项研究中获得的见解预计将适用于非洲高地竹子生长的非洲山地生态系统。亮点高原竹子（Oldeania alpina）是非洲非洲山地植被的一个显著元素。我们开发了估算高原竹林生物量碳储量的模型。我们估算了高原竹林的生物量碳存量为52.5 Mg ha−1和枯枝落叶层C为1.6 高原竹林土壤有机碳储量为388.1 Mg-ha−1高原竹林全系统C含量达442以上 Mg ha−1
{"title":"Allometric scaling, biomass accumulation and carbon stocks in natural highland bamboo (Oldeania alpina (K. Schum.) Stapleton) stands in Southwestern Ethiopia","authors":"Dagnew Yebeyen, S. Nemomissa, G. Sileshi, Worku Zewdie, B. Hailu, R. Rodríguez, F. H. Desalegne, T. M. Woldie","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2022.2130090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2022.2130090","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Bamboos provide a number of ecosystem services, including the provision of a permanent carbon (C) sink. The present study was undertaken in the Sheka forest, currently recognized as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop species- and site-specific allometric models for biomass estimation and (2) quantify the carbon storage capacity of highland bamboo stands. A total of 12 plots each measuring 10 m x 10 m were established at a distance of 200 m in the forest. 96 culms were harvested for the development of biomass estimation equations. Litter samples were collected in 1 m x 1 m subplots, while soil samples were collected at 0–10, 10–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm soil depths for determination of soil organic carbon (SOC) contents. The estimated mean DBH, basal area and plant height were 7.0 cm, 53.2 m2 ha−1 and 12.9 m, respectively. The study has established allometric scaling of plant height with stem diameter in highland bamboo. It has also established that the allometric model is superior to commonly used non-linear H-DBH models. Aboveground biomass was estimated at 93 Mg ha−1 with mean C stocks of 43.7 Mg ha−1. The estimated below-ground biomass was 18.6 Mg ha−1 with C stocks of 8.7 Mg ha−1. The C stocks in the litter layer were estimated at 1.57 Mg ha−1. Average soil C storage was estimated at 388.12 Mg ha−1 within the 0–60 cm soil depth. In total, the natural highland bamboo stands store approximately 442.1 Mg C ha−1. The estimated C stocks were comparable with values reported for bamboos in Ethiopia and elsewhere. It is concluded that natural highland bamboo stands play a significant role as carbon sinks. The insights gained in this study are expected to be applicable to Afromontane ecosystems where highland bamboo occurs in Africa. HIGHLIGHTS Highland bamboo (Oldeania alpina) is a conspicuous element of Afromontane vegetation in Africa We developed models for estimating biomass carbon (C) stocks in highland bamboo stands We estimated biomass C stock of highland bamboo stands at 52.5 Mg ha−1 and litter C at 1.6 Mg ha−1 Soil organic C stock of highland bamboo stands was 388.1 Mg ha−1 Total system C in highland bamboo stands was over 442 Mg ha−1","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":"13 1","pages":"482 - 496"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46594391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2022.2083983
Fahad Khalid, Zhiwei Ye, C. L. Voinea, Khwaja Naveed, R. Akram
Abstract Despite recent voluntary climate change reporting (VCCR) initiatives, such as the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), Chinese companies continue to lag behind their global counterparts. This research contributes to the existing literature examining the effects of CEO background (specifically academic, foreign and political background) on corporate decisions to engage in VCCR. The data sample consists of Chinese listed companies that participated in CDP surveys during 2010–2017 (1041 final firm-year observations). The study’s descriptive findings reveal that most Chinese companies are reluctant to report their climate change information to the CDP as only 12% of Chinese companies participated in the CDP annual survey during the study period. However, using a logistic regression model, we find that CEOs with academic experience, foreign exposure and political connections positively affect firms’ decisions to engage in VCCR. The results remain robust when we use the propensity score matching technique to account for sample selection problems. Overall, the results are interpreted within the theoretical insights of the upper echelons perspective.
{"title":"Carbon disclosure project: Chinese chief executive officer background and corporate voluntary climate change reporting","authors":"Fahad Khalid, Zhiwei Ye, C. L. Voinea, Khwaja Naveed, R. Akram","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2022.2083983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2022.2083983","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Despite recent voluntary climate change reporting (VCCR) initiatives, such as the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), Chinese companies continue to lag behind their global counterparts. This research contributes to the existing literature examining the effects of CEO background (specifically academic, foreign and political background) on corporate decisions to engage in VCCR. The data sample consists of Chinese listed companies that participated in CDP surveys during 2010–2017 (1041 final firm-year observations). The study’s descriptive findings reveal that most Chinese companies are reluctant to report their climate change information to the CDP as only 12% of Chinese companies participated in the CDP annual survey during the study period. However, using a logistic regression model, we find that CEOs with academic experience, foreign exposure and political connections positively affect firms’ decisions to engage in VCCR. The results remain robust when we use the propensity score matching technique to account for sample selection problems. Overall, the results are interpreted within the theoretical insights of the upper echelons perspective.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":"13 1","pages":"321 - 336"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47156664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2022.2038273
Dillon Ramsook, Donnie Boodlal, R. Maharaj
Abstract Trinidad and Tobago (T&T) aims to reduce the Business-As-Usual (BAU) emissions in its power generation sector by 28.7 MtCO2-e by 2030 according to its National Determined Contribution (NDC). Based on current published data, there appears to be a gap in quantifying the activity level and carbon intensity of planned actions to meet this target. Through two scenarios, this study explored the impacts of power plant dispatch optimization and new zero-carbon energy additions for T&T through adaptations of a widely used method called Carbon Emission Pinch Analysis (CEPA). A national grid emission factor (GEF) of 0.56 MtCO2-e/TWh was determined using an internationally accepted methodology from gathered power plant data. The GEF was discretized to project a BAU case to benchmark both scenarios. Scenario 1 (S1) determined T&T would achieve 8% of the NDC target if the existing supply is optimized in the years 2022 to 2030 through the compound pinch points. To achieve the target, Scenario 2 (S2) determined that at least 47% of T&T’s grid energy needs to come from zero-emission carbon sources by 2022. This would equate to required capacities of 2,169 MW of solar photovoltaic or 1,549 MW of onshore wind using the most recent published capacity factors, and a decrease in the BAU GEF by 43%.
{"title":"Multi-period Carbon Emission Pinch Analysis (CEPA) for reducing emissions in the Trinidad and Tobago power generation sector","authors":"Dillon Ramsook, Donnie Boodlal, R. Maharaj","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2022.2038273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2022.2038273","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Trinidad and Tobago (T&T) aims to reduce the Business-As-Usual (BAU) emissions in its power generation sector by 28.7 MtCO2-e by 2030 according to its National Determined Contribution (NDC). Based on current published data, there appears to be a gap in quantifying the activity level and carbon intensity of planned actions to meet this target. Through two scenarios, this study explored the impacts of power plant dispatch optimization and new zero-carbon energy additions for T&T through adaptations of a widely used method called Carbon Emission Pinch Analysis (CEPA). A national grid emission factor (GEF) of 0.56 MtCO2-e/TWh was determined using an internationally accepted methodology from gathered power plant data. The GEF was discretized to project a BAU case to benchmark both scenarios. Scenario 1 (S1) determined T&T would achieve 8% of the NDC target if the existing supply is optimized in the years 2022 to 2030 through the compound pinch points. To achieve the target, Scenario 2 (S2) determined that at least 47% of T&T’s grid energy needs to come from zero-emission carbon sources by 2022. This would equate to required capacities of 2,169 MW of solar photovoltaic or 1,549 MW of onshore wind using the most recent published capacity factors, and a decrease in the BAU GEF by 43%.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":"13 1","pages":"164 - 177"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46907845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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