Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2022.2117648
Guizhen Liu, Bofeng Cai, Qi Li, Xian Zhang, Tao Ouyang
Abstract Carbon dioxide (CO2) Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) is an indispensable part of the carbon removal technologies to achieve carbon neutrality for China. Our study focuses on China’s CCUS pathways, and draws out three key conclusions: (1) in terms of the greenhouse gases emission reductions required to achieve carbon neutrality and based on current technology projections, the CO2 emission reductions to be achieved by CCUS are 0.6 ∼ 1.4 billion tonnes and 1 ∼ 1.8 billion tonnes in 2050 and 2060, respectively; (2) from the perspective of source-sink matching in China, the emission reduction potential provided by CCUS can basically meet the demand of carbon neutrality target (0.6 ∼ 2.1 billion tonnes of CO2); (3) with the development of technologies, the cost of CCUS in China has a great potential to be reduced in the future. It is expected that by 2030, the technical cost of the whole CCUS process (according to 250 kilometers transportation) in China will be 310 ∼ 770 Chinese Yuan per tonne of CO2, and by 2060, it will gradually drop to 140 ∼ 410 Chinese Yuan per tonne of CO2.
{"title":"China’s pathways of CO2 capture, utilization and storage under carbon neutrality vision 2060","authors":"Guizhen Liu, Bofeng Cai, Qi Li, Xian Zhang, Tao Ouyang","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2022.2117648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2022.2117648","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Carbon dioxide (CO2) Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) is an indispensable part of the carbon removal technologies to achieve carbon neutrality for China. Our study focuses on China’s CCUS pathways, and draws out three key conclusions: (1) in terms of the greenhouse gases emission reductions required to achieve carbon neutrality and based on current technology projections, the CO2 emission reductions to be achieved by CCUS are 0.6 ∼ 1.4 billion tonnes and 1 ∼ 1.8 billion tonnes in 2050 and 2060, respectively; (2) from the perspective of source-sink matching in China, the emission reduction potential provided by CCUS can basically meet the demand of carbon neutrality target (0.6 ∼ 2.1 billion tonnes of CO2); (3) with the development of technologies, the cost of CCUS in China has a great potential to be reduced in the future. It is expected that by 2030, the technical cost of the whole CCUS process (according to 250 kilometers transportation) in China will be 310 ∼ 770 Chinese Yuan per tonne of CO2, and by 2060, it will gradually drop to 140 ∼ 410 Chinese Yuan per tonne of CO2.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41352600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2022.2068453
R. Saha, A. Paswan, S. Mazumdar, D. Barman, B. Majumdar, M. Behera, A. Saha
Abstract The changes in soil quality in terms of carbon accumulation, aggregate stability and enzyme activity were evaluated in Jute based cropping systems (jute-rice-wheat, jute-rice-lentil and jute-rice-mustard) subjected to various tillage systems, i.e. conventional tillage (CT), no tillage (NT) and no tillage with additional crop residue retention (NTR) under tropical climate of Indo-Gangetic plains. The crops were grown with conventional (disc plowing, followed by 2 cultivators) and no tillage (no ploughing) and additional crop residues were applied as Sesbania spp. with a rate of 2 t ha−1. Addition of crop residue under no tillage improved bulk soil organic carbon (SOC), particulate SOC content (PSOC) and aggregate stability, promoting a better soil physico-chemical behavior in all crop-rotations. The SOC contents under No tillage with residue incorporated plots (NTR) are much higher, maximum being in jute-rice-lentil (6.02 and 7.29 g kg−1, respectively in 0–0.15 and 0.15–0.30 m soil depth). The highest SOC density (330.03 g C m−2) and stock (3.30 Mg C ha−1) were recorded in the NT R. Soil microbial biomass (SMBC) was significantly higher in NT R (range: 641.84 to 745.97 µg g −1) followed by NT (631.42 to 678.46 µg g −1) and CT (490.68 to 634.83 µg g −1). Jute equivalent yield (JEY) was highest in jute-rice-lentil (J-R-L) under NTR (7.33 t ha−1). Thus, no tillage with residue incorporation under Jute-rice-lentil system is highly beneficial in maintaining crop productivity and improving soil quality.
摘要评价了黄麻种植系统（黄麻-水稻-小麦、黄麻-水稻扁豆和黄麻-水稻芥末）在不同耕作制度（即常规耕作（CT））下土壤质量在碳积累、团聚体稳定性和酶活性方面的变化，印度-恒河平原热带气候下的免耕（NT）和附加作物残留量的免耕（NTR）。作物采用常规（圆盘犁，然后是2台耕耘机）和免耕（免耕）种植，并以Sesbania spp.的形式施用额外的作物残留物，施用率为2 t ha−1。免耕条件下添加作物秸秆提高了土壤有机碳（SOC）、颗粒物有机碳含量（PSOC）和团聚体稳定性，促进了所有轮作中更好的土壤理化行为。免耕留渣小区土壤有机碳含量较高，黄麻-水稻扁豆土壤有机碳最高（6.02和7.29） g kg−1，分别在0–0.15和0.15–0.30 m土壤深度）。最高SOC密度（330.03 g C m−2）和库存（3.30 Mg C ha−1）记录在NT中 R.NT的土壤微生物生物量（SMBC）显著较高 R（范围：641.84至745.97µg g−1），然后是NT（631.42至678.46µg g-1）和CT（490.68至634.83µg g-1）。在NTR（7.33 t ha−1）条件下，黄麻-水稻扁豆（J-R-L）的黄麻当量产量（JEY）最高。因此，在黄麻-水稻-扁豆体系下进行秸秆还田对保持作物生产力和改善土壤质量非常有益。
{"title":"Improvement in soil quality through tillage and residue management in Jute (Corchorus spp.) based cropping systems of Indo-Gangetic plains","authors":"R. Saha, A. Paswan, S. Mazumdar, D. Barman, B. Majumdar, M. Behera, A. Saha","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2022.2068453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2022.2068453","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The changes in soil quality in terms of carbon accumulation, aggregate stability and enzyme activity were evaluated in Jute based cropping systems (jute-rice-wheat, jute-rice-lentil and jute-rice-mustard) subjected to various tillage systems, i.e. conventional tillage (CT), no tillage (NT) and no tillage with additional crop residue retention (NTR) under tropical climate of Indo-Gangetic plains. The crops were grown with conventional (disc plowing, followed by 2 cultivators) and no tillage (no ploughing) and additional crop residues were applied as Sesbania spp. with a rate of 2 t ha−1. Addition of crop residue under no tillage improved bulk soil organic carbon (SOC), particulate SOC content (PSOC) and aggregate stability, promoting a better soil physico-chemical behavior in all crop-rotations. The SOC contents under No tillage with residue incorporated plots (NTR) are much higher, maximum being in jute-rice-lentil (6.02 and 7.29 g kg−1, respectively in 0–0.15 and 0.15–0.30 m soil depth). The highest SOC density (330.03 g C m−2) and stock (3.30 Mg C ha−1) were recorded in the NT R. Soil microbial biomass (SMBC) was significantly higher in NT R (range: 641.84 to 745.97 µg g −1) followed by NT (631.42 to 678.46 µg g −1) and CT (490.68 to 634.83 µg g −1). Jute equivalent yield (JEY) was highest in jute-rice-lentil (J-R-L) under NTR (7.33 t ha−1). Thus, no tillage with residue incorporation under Jute-rice-lentil system is highly beneficial in maintaining crop productivity and improving soil quality.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45185304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2022.2036243
Carolina Rojas, François Simon, I. Muñiz, Marc Quintana, Felipe Irarrázaval, C. Stamm, Benedita Santos
Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has strongly affected economies and human lifestyles globally. The changes observed in domestic energy consumption patterns have had an impact on household greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Since GHG emissions inventories are only available at the country level and at annual intervals, most studies have calculated the local emission variations by extrapolating annual emissions with smaller time and territorial scale consumption data. This research presents a bottom-up method, based on the exploitation of a survey addressed to 1200 households, that provides the information to calculate directly the variation in their energy-related GHG emissions, without the need for extrapolations. This method has been applied to four medium-sized Chilean cities with serious air quality problems. Given the high correlation between atmospheric pollutants such as NOx and CO2 emissions, we estimate that before the appearance of COVID-19, per capita CO2 emissions were already high. The results show that space heating-related GHG emissions have increased moderately (between 1 and 6%), while emissions from electricity and gas consumption for non-heating uses have increased significantly (between 8 and 23%). This has harmed the household economy, highlighting the importance of considering socioeconomic aspects when assessing the impact of COVID-19 in its entirety.
{"title":"Trends in household energy-related GHG emissions during COVID-19 in four Chilean cities","authors":"Carolina Rojas, François Simon, I. Muñiz, Marc Quintana, Felipe Irarrázaval, C. Stamm, Benedita Santos","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2022.2036243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2022.2036243","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has strongly affected economies and human lifestyles globally. The changes observed in domestic energy consumption patterns have had an impact on household greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Since GHG emissions inventories are only available at the country level and at annual intervals, most studies have calculated the local emission variations by extrapolating annual emissions with smaller time and territorial scale consumption data. This research presents a bottom-up method, based on the exploitation of a survey addressed to 1200 households, that provides the information to calculate directly the variation in their energy-related GHG emissions, without the need for extrapolations. This method has been applied to four medium-sized Chilean cities with serious air quality problems. Given the high correlation between atmospheric pollutants such as NOx and CO2 emissions, we estimate that before the appearance of COVID-19, per capita CO2 emissions were already high. The results show that space heating-related GHG emissions have increased moderately (between 1 and 6%), while emissions from electricity and gas consumption for non-heating uses have increased significantly (between 8 and 23%). This has harmed the household economy, highlighting the importance of considering socioeconomic aspects when assessing the impact of COVID-19 in its entirety.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47247413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2022.2100830
Xiying Luo, Ruimin Zhang, Jingjing Wang
Abstract Based on a sample of Chinese publicly listed firms in eight high energy-consuming industries from 2015 to 2019, this study investigates the relationship between the intensity of product market competition and carbon disclosure and explores the moderating effect of earnings pressure and environmental legitimacy pressure on this relationship. Using content analysis to construct an integrated measure of corporate carbon disclosure, we find that the intensity of product market competition is negatively associated with carbon disclosure. The negative relationship between the intensity of product market competition and carbon disclosure is more pronounced among firms facing fewer earnings pressures and greater environmental legitimacy pressures. The additional tests also show that the effect of product market competition on carbon disclosure is more pronounced among state-owned firms and large firms. Our results are robust to various robustness tests. This study extends the literature on carbon disclosure and has important implications for different stakeholders to promote corporate climate-related disclosure in China.
{"title":"Product market competition and carbon disclosure: Evidence from China","authors":"Xiying Luo, Ruimin Zhang, Jingjing Wang","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2022.2100830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2022.2100830","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Based on a sample of Chinese publicly listed firms in eight high energy-consuming industries from 2015 to 2019, this study investigates the relationship between the intensity of product market competition and carbon disclosure and explores the moderating effect of earnings pressure and environmental legitimacy pressure on this relationship. Using content analysis to construct an integrated measure of corporate carbon disclosure, we find that the intensity of product market competition is negatively associated with carbon disclosure. The negative relationship between the intensity of product market competition and carbon disclosure is more pronounced among firms facing fewer earnings pressures and greater environmental legitimacy pressures. The additional tests also show that the effect of product market competition on carbon disclosure is more pronounced among state-owned firms and large firms. Our results are robust to various robustness tests. This study extends the literature on carbon disclosure and has important implications for different stakeholders to promote corporate climate-related disclosure in China.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42029420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2022.2042394
Tita Rosita, Rachmawati Dwi Estuningsih, Dewi Pujo Ningsih, Zaekhan, N. Nachrowi
Abstract This study investigates ways to effectively reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Indonesia’s manufacturing industry, by firm characteristics. It is important to determine the firm characters that have the greatest potential to decrease CO2 emissions. The Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) method is used to decompose CO2 emissions into the key factors influencing changes in CO2 emissions, such as economic activity, industrial structure, energy intensity, energy structure, and emissions coefficient during the 2010–2018 period. The findings indicate that changes in CO2 emissions in industrial sub-sectors vary. High technology firms had the lowest average emissions compared to firms with other technology. Large-sized firms had the lowest emissions than small and medium firms. Foreign private firms had lower emissions than national private firms did. Firms in the Java–Bali location had, on average, highest emissions than those outside Java–Bali. Exporting firms had lower average emissions intensity compared to non-exporting firms. This study’s novelty is an analysis of the effect of components that affect changes in CO2 emissions in firm groups based on their characteristics so that policymakers can focus on the potential reduction in CO2 emissions in certain groups of firms, namely firms that use the most energy intensively, is inefficient, and uses low-quality energy. Comparative analysis using firm characteristics reveals that energy-intensive firms’ economic growth determines changes in CO2 emissions in Indonesia’s manufacturing industry.
{"title":"Exploring the mitigation potential for carbon dioxide emissions in Indonesia’s manufacturing industry: an analysis of firm characteristics","authors":"Tita Rosita, Rachmawati Dwi Estuningsih, Dewi Pujo Ningsih, Zaekhan, N. Nachrowi","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2022.2042394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2022.2042394","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study investigates ways to effectively reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Indonesia’s manufacturing industry, by firm characteristics. It is important to determine the firm characters that have the greatest potential to decrease CO2 emissions. The Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) method is used to decompose CO2 emissions into the key factors influencing changes in CO2 emissions, such as economic activity, industrial structure, energy intensity, energy structure, and emissions coefficient during the 2010–2018 period. The findings indicate that changes in CO2 emissions in industrial sub-sectors vary. High technology firms had the lowest average emissions compared to firms with other technology. Large-sized firms had the lowest emissions than small and medium firms. Foreign private firms had lower emissions than national private firms did. Firms in the Java–Bali location had, on average, highest emissions than those outside Java–Bali. Exporting firms had lower average emissions intensity compared to non-exporting firms. This study’s novelty is an analysis of the effect of components that affect changes in CO2 emissions in firm groups based on their characteristics so that policymakers can focus on the potential reduction in CO2 emissions in certain groups of firms, namely firms that use the most energy intensively, is inefficient, and uses low-quality energy. Comparative analysis using firm characteristics reveals that energy-intensive firms’ economic growth determines changes in CO2 emissions in Indonesia’s manufacturing industry.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43158465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2022.2046173
I. Sebos
Abstract The reliance on petroleum derivatives and the increasing trend of fuel consumption in the transport sector have brought attention to biofuels as a measure to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, enhance energy security and boost economic development. The incentive for utilizing biofuels is their potential to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions compared to fossil fuels. Biofuels are considered to be carbon-neutral, regarding the direct CO2 emissions associated with their combustion, on the grounds that the carbon dioxide absorbed by the plants through photosynthesis is equivalent to the CO2 released during their combustion. However, a part of the carbon of biofuels may have a fossil origin and therefore, it is responsible for “non-neutral” CO2 emissions. This was recognized by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in its guidelines for greenhouse gas inventories. Nevertheless, specific guidance of how to estimate fossil CO2 emissions per each type of biofuel, in order to facilitate the work of emission inventory compilers and practitioners, is neither available in the IPCC guidelines nor in the scientific literature. The purpose of this paper is to define a higher tier method to estimate the associated CO2 emissions with the fossil carbon content of biofuels, aiming to cover all possible biofuel types that are mainly used nowadays to replace diesel and gasoline. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Fossil fraction of CO2 emissions of biofuels","authors":"I. Sebos","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2022.2046173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2022.2046173","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The reliance on petroleum derivatives and the increasing trend of fuel consumption in the transport sector have brought attention to biofuels as a measure to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, enhance energy security and boost economic development. The incentive for utilizing biofuels is their potential to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions compared to fossil fuels. Biofuels are considered to be carbon-neutral, regarding the direct CO2 emissions associated with their combustion, on the grounds that the carbon dioxide absorbed by the plants through photosynthesis is equivalent to the CO2 released during their combustion. However, a part of the carbon of biofuels may have a fossil origin and therefore, it is responsible for “non-neutral” CO2 emissions. This was recognized by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in its guidelines for greenhouse gas inventories. Nevertheless, specific guidance of how to estimate fossil CO2 emissions per each type of biofuel, in order to facilitate the work of emission inventory compilers and practitioners, is neither available in the IPCC guidelines nor in the scientific literature. The purpose of this paper is to define a higher tier method to estimate the associated CO2 emissions with the fossil carbon content of biofuels, aiming to cover all possible biofuel types that are mainly used nowadays to replace diesel and gasoline. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43838886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2022.2035823
P. C. Ndayisaba, S. Kuyah, Charles A. O. Midega, Peter Njoroge Mwangi, Z. Khan
Abstract Push-pull technology improves agricultural productivity. However, its long-term effect on biomass carbon and soil organic carbon (SOC) is not yet known. The aims of this study were: to assess the effect of push-pull technology on (1) biomass carbon and (2) SOC, considering climatic conditions and the length of time that push-pull had been practiced on a farm; and (3) to establish the relationship between biomass carbon and SOC on farms. Aboveground biomass carbon and SOC were measured on 36 farms in western Kenya, encompassing three contrasting sites (Bondo, Siaya and Vihiga) and six cropping systems (push-pull and five non-push-pull systems). Farms in western Kenya stock between 3.0 ± 0.3 and 4.0 ± 0.4 t C ha−1 in crop biomass and between 24.4 ± 2.1 and 37.0 ± 2.6 t C ha−1 in the soil for those practicing push-pull, and between 1.1 ± 0.3 and 2.1 ± 0.2 t C ha−1 biomass carbon and between 19.2 ± 2.1 and 31.1 ± 1.7 t C ha−1 soil carbon for those without push-pull. There was no correlation between biomass carbon and SOC. Adoption of push-pull offers opportunities to mitigate climate change through carbon sequestration in plants and soils in low-, medium- and high-rainfall environments in both long and short rain seasons.
推拉技术提高了农业生产力。然而，它对生物量碳和土壤有机碳（SOC）的长期影响尚不清楚。本研究的目的是：评估推挽技术对（1）生物量碳和（2）SOC的影响，考虑到气候条件和农场实施推挽的时间长度；以及（3）建立农场生物量碳与SOC之间的关系。在肯尼亚西部的36个农场测量了地上生物量碳和SOC，包括三个对比点（Bondo、Siaya和Vihiga）和六个种植系统（推拉和五个非推拉系统）。肯尼亚西部农场库存在3.0之间 ± 0.3和4.0 ± 作物生物量为0.4 t C ha−1，介于24.4 ± 2.1和37.0 ± 对于那些练习推拉的人来说，土壤中有2.6 t C ha−1，在1.1之间 ± 0.3和2.1 ± 0.2 t C ha−1生物量碳和19.2之间 ± 2.1和31.1 ± 1.7 t C ha−1土壤碳，对于没有推拉的土壤。生物量碳和SOC之间没有相关性。推拉的采用为在长雨季和短雨季的低、中、高降雨量环境中通过植物和土壤的碳固存来缓解气候变化提供了机会。
{"title":"Push-pull technology improves carbon stocks in rainfed smallholder agriculture in Western Kenya","authors":"P. C. Ndayisaba, S. Kuyah, Charles A. O. Midega, Peter Njoroge Mwangi, Z. Khan","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2022.2035823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2022.2035823","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Push-pull technology improves agricultural productivity. However, its long-term effect on biomass carbon and soil organic carbon (SOC) is not yet known. The aims of this study were: to assess the effect of push-pull technology on (1) biomass carbon and (2) SOC, considering climatic conditions and the length of time that push-pull had been practiced on a farm; and (3) to establish the relationship between biomass carbon and SOC on farms. Aboveground biomass carbon and SOC were measured on 36 farms in western Kenya, encompassing three contrasting sites (Bondo, Siaya and Vihiga) and six cropping systems (push-pull and five non-push-pull systems). Farms in western Kenya stock between 3.0 ± 0.3 and 4.0 ± 0.4 t C ha−1 in crop biomass and between 24.4 ± 2.1 and 37.0 ± 2.6 t C ha−1 in the soil for those practicing push-pull, and between 1.1 ± 0.3 and 2.1 ± 0.2 t C ha−1 biomass carbon and between 19.2 ± 2.1 and 31.1 ± 1.7 t C ha−1 soil carbon for those without push-pull. There was no correlation between biomass carbon and SOC. Adoption of push-pull offers opportunities to mitigate climate change through carbon sequestration in plants and soils in low-, medium- and high-rainfall environments in both long and short rain seasons.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41317207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2022.2061378
S. Yue
{"title":"Climate and energy governance for the UK low carbon transition","authors":"S. Yue","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2022.2061378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2022.2061378","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47841546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2022.2029575
Abderrahmane Ameray, J. Castro, M. Castro
Abstract Wildfires have been an important process affecting forests and rangelands worldwide. In the Mediterranean region, wildfires burn about half a million hectares of forest and scrubland every year. Fuel loads are the main factor controlling fire risk and its propagation. The reduction of fuel loads by grazing could help to decrease the spread and intensity of wildfires in this region. This study aims to assess the contribution of sheep grazing on fuel load management and their role to the mitigation of wildfire greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The methodological approach is based on a simulation of the grazing pressure required to reduce a given quantity of fuel, under the assumption that if it is not consumed, it becomes fuel. Following, a simulation model was designed to estimate the total GHG emissions prevented through grazing, by reducing the risk of fire. These emissions were estimated based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) framework. The accumulated fuels were estimated to be 3126.65 kg dry matter (DM) ha−1 and the biomass potentially consumed by sheep was 1416.03 kg DM ha−1 yr−1, corresponding to 45.29% of accumulated fuel loads. Our findings suggest a value of 3.88 sheep ha−1 day−1 as the ideal to reduce 4833.63 kg CO2eq ha−1 yr−1 of emissions, distributed between CO2 (−2221.76 kg CO2eq ha−1 yr−1; 45.96%), NOx (−1873.41 kg CO2eq ha−1 yr−1; 38.76%), CO (−454.55 kg CO2eq ha−1 yr−1; 9.40%), CH4 (−186.35 kg CO2eq ha−1 yr−1; 3.86%) and N2O (−97.56 kg CO2eq ha−1 yr−1; 2%). The results of this study also underline that livestock can help to mitigate climate change in areas prone to wildfires.
野火是影响全球森林和牧场的重要过程。在地中海地区，野火每年烧毁大约50万公顷的森林和灌木丛。燃料负荷是控制火灾风险及其蔓延的主要因素。通过放牧减少燃料负荷可以帮助减少该地区野火的蔓延和强度。本研究旨在评估羊放牧对燃料负荷管理的贡献及其对野火温室气体(GHG)排放减缓的作用。方法方法是基于对减少一定数量燃料所需放牧压力的模拟，假设如果燃料不被消耗，它就成为燃料。随后，设计了一个模拟模型来估计通过放牧减少火灾风险而减少的温室气体排放总量。这些排放量是根据政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)框架估算的。累积燃料估计为3126.65 kg干物质(DM) ha−1，绵羊潜在消耗的生物量为1416.03 kg DM ha−1 yr−1，相当于累积燃料负荷的45.29%。我们的研究结果表明，3.88只羊ha−1 day−1是减少4833.63 kg CO2eq ha−1 year−1排放量的理想值，分布在CO2 (- 2221.76 kg CO2eq ha−1 year−1;45.96%)， NOx(−1873.41 kg CO2eq ha−1 yr−1;38.76%)， CO (- 454.55 kg CO2eq ha - 1年- 1;9.40%)， CH4 (- 186.35 kg CO2eq ha - 1年- 1;3.86%)和N2O (- 97.56 kg CO2eq ha - 1年- 1;2%)。这项研究的结果还强调，在容易发生野火的地区，牲畜可以帮助缓解气候变化。
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Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2022.2098176
R. Hammerschlag
Abstract A global warming potential of albedo (GWPA) is proposed, that represents the carbon dioxide emissions equivalent to a 0.01 increase in albedo over 1 m2 of horizontal surface. A survey of prior literature suggests GWPA ≈ −4.2 kgCO2/m2. Taking Los Angeles, CA as a test site for urban global warming mitigation actions, a residential “cool roof” project offers approximately seven times as much radiative forcing benefit from albedo change as from GHG reduction of energy efficiency; and a citywide increase to commercial building roof albedo offers radiative forcing benefit equivalent to the first 6½ years of all commercial sector GHG emission reductions proposed in the City of Los Angeles climate action plan. Discussion explores pathways and challenges to making albedo increases fungible with GHG reductions in GHG markets.
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