Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2023.2217785
R. Rubin, E. Oldfield, Jocelyn Lavallee, Tom Griffin, Brian Mayers, J. Sanderman
Abstract Soil amendments are a broad class of materials that enhance physical, chemical or biological characteristics in croplands, pastures, or rangelands. While organic soil amendments such as manure, mulch and seaweed have well established agronomic benefits, there has been renewed private and governmental interest in quantifying and incentivizing their role in mitigating climate change. Likewise, biostimulants and biopesticides, which are intended to target specific plant or microbial processes, are emerging with claims of improved soil health, crop yields, soil organic carbon sequestration, and greenhouse gas emission reductions. We conducted a literature review to address the climate mitigation potential of organic soil amendments, including biostimulants and biopesticides. In doing so, we identify three elements of climate mitigation through the use of soil amendments: soil organic carbon sequestration, soil greenhouse gas emission reductions, and life cycle emission reductions. We review common soil amendment classes in detail, addressing the empirical evidence (or lack thereof) in which they meet these three elements of climate mitigation. We conclude by suggesting priorities for government and private investment.
{"title":"Climate mitigation through soil amendments: quantification, evidence, and uncertainty","authors":"R. Rubin, E. Oldfield, Jocelyn Lavallee, Tom Griffin, Brian Mayers, J. Sanderman","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2023.2217785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2023.2217785","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Soil amendments are a broad class of materials that enhance physical, chemical or biological characteristics in croplands, pastures, or rangelands. While organic soil amendments such as manure, mulch and seaweed have well established agronomic benefits, there has been renewed private and governmental interest in quantifying and incentivizing their role in mitigating climate change. Likewise, biostimulants and biopesticides, which are intended to target specific plant or microbial processes, are emerging with claims of improved soil health, crop yields, soil organic carbon sequestration, and greenhouse gas emission reductions. We conducted a literature review to address the climate mitigation potential of organic soil amendments, including biostimulants and biopesticides. In doing so, we identify three elements of climate mitigation through the use of soil amendments: soil organic carbon sequestration, soil greenhouse gas emission reductions, and life cycle emission reductions. We review common soil amendment classes in detail, addressing the empirical evidence (or lack thereof) in which they meet these three elements of climate mitigation. We conclude by suggesting priorities for government and private investment.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47900680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-25DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2023.2227149
Ying Pan, Jun-xi Wu, Yanjie Zhang
Abstract Partitioning the contributions of climate, economic growth, and policy to a region’s carbon flows is an important process for the Chinese government seeking to optimize their regional development policies to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. A combination of the carbon emission analysis and human appropriation of net primary production (HANPP) framework was applied to a village in the Lhasa river valley, Tibet, to quantify the contributions of these different factors to carbon flows and neutrality. From 2010 to 2019, the average annual net sequestration of CO2 was 374.9 g CO2 m−2 a−1. Changes in climate conditions and the regional policy of Grassland Ecological Protection Subsidy and Reward increased carbon sequestrations by 409.5 and 25.7 g CO2 m−2 a−1, respectively. Socioeconomic development, policies for reducing poverty, and promotion of forage production led to the increase in CO2 emissions by 103.5, 88.8, and 4.3 g CO2 m−2 a−1, respectively. The cumulative CO2 emissions (including HANPP) caused by land use were 298.92 Tg CO2 (2479.63 g CO2 m−2; 1 Tg = 1012 g), while the cumulative CO2 emissions due to energy use were only 11.22 Tg CO2 (93.07 g CO2 m−2), equal to 3.75% of the CO2 emissions driven by land use. Livestock grazing and cropland cultivation were the two main land use factors affecting the carbon balance. We argue that unhooking economic growth from traditional nomadic animal husbandry and lifestyles through policy optimizations would highly contribute the carbon neutrality in Tibet. Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Uncovering the effects of policies, climate, and economic development on carbon neutrality in southern Tibet, China","authors":"Ying Pan, Jun-xi Wu, Yanjie Zhang","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2023.2227149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2023.2227149","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Partitioning the contributions of climate, economic growth, and policy to a region’s carbon flows is an important process for the Chinese government seeking to optimize their regional development policies to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. A combination of the carbon emission analysis and human appropriation of net primary production (HANPP) framework was applied to a village in the Lhasa river valley, Tibet, to quantify the contributions of these different factors to carbon flows and neutrality. From 2010 to 2019, the average annual net sequestration of CO2 was 374.9 g CO2 m−2 a−1. Changes in climate conditions and the regional policy of Grassland Ecological Protection Subsidy and Reward increased carbon sequestrations by 409.5 and 25.7 g CO2 m−2 a−1, respectively. Socioeconomic development, policies for reducing poverty, and promotion of forage production led to the increase in CO2 emissions by 103.5, 88.8, and 4.3 g CO2 m−2 a−1, respectively. The cumulative CO2 emissions (including HANPP) caused by land use were 298.92 Tg CO2 (2479.63 g CO2 m−2; 1 Tg = 1012 g), while the cumulative CO2 emissions due to energy use were only 11.22 Tg CO2 (93.07 g CO2 m−2), equal to 3.75% of the CO2 emissions driven by land use. Livestock grazing and cropland cultivation were the two main land use factors affecting the carbon balance. We argue that unhooking economic growth from traditional nomadic animal husbandry and lifestyles through policy optimizations would highly contribute the carbon neutrality in Tibet. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42926362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-24DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2023.2227159
Dillon Ramsook, Donnie Boodlal, R. Maharaj
Abstract Trinidad and Tobago’s (T&T) conditional commitment to the Paris Agreement requires an overall power emission avoidance (EAT) of 28.7 MtCO2-e from Business-As-Usual by 2030, dependent on international financing. T&T has outlined several initiatives to achieve this, including zero-carbon renewable energy (RE) introduction. However, other technologies such as Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) can also be used in support of achieving EAT. Using a specific scenario (S3), this study assesses the techno-economics of CCS within the sector to minimize the requirement of RE using a carbon measuring tool called Carbon Emission Pinch Analysis (CEPA) to achieve EAT. Local power plants were screened, and a CCS retrofit was then technically designed using a validated software called Aspen HYSYS. Multi-period CEPA methodology was then applied to quantify ∼17% of grid energy from RE along with CCS to achieve EAT. Economic models were also used to determine the grid unit cost of emission abatement for S3 to be 64 USD/tCO2-e; a doubling of initial projection requirements. With T&T’s current dynamics, these findings can help guide actions to reduce the requirements of RE onto the grid through the supplemental introduction of CCS to achieve its EAT.
{"title":"A techno-economic quantification of carbon reduction strategies in the Trinidad and Tobago power generation sector using Carbon Emission Pinch Analysis (CEPA)","authors":"Dillon Ramsook, Donnie Boodlal, R. Maharaj","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2023.2227159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2023.2227159","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Trinidad and Tobago’s (T&T) conditional commitment to the Paris Agreement requires an overall power emission avoidance (EAT) of 28.7 MtCO2-e from Business-As-Usual by 2030, dependent on international financing. T&T has outlined several initiatives to achieve this, including zero-carbon renewable energy (RE) introduction. However, other technologies such as Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) can also be used in support of achieving EAT. Using a specific scenario (S3), this study assesses the techno-economics of CCS within the sector to minimize the requirement of RE using a carbon measuring tool called Carbon Emission Pinch Analysis (CEPA) to achieve EAT. Local power plants were screened, and a CCS retrofit was then technically designed using a validated software called Aspen HYSYS. Multi-period CEPA methodology was then applied to quantify ∼17% of grid energy from RE along with CCS to achieve EAT. Economic models were also used to determine the grid unit cost of emission abatement for S3 to be 64 USD/tCO2-e; a doubling of initial projection requirements. With T&T’s current dynamics, these findings can help guide actions to reduce the requirements of RE onto the grid through the supplemental introduction of CCS to achieve its EAT.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45052661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-23DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2023.2211946
M. Pierce, A. Strong
{"title":"An evaluation of New York state livestock carbon offset projects under California’s cap and trade program","authors":"M. Pierce, A. Strong","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2023.2211946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2023.2211946","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45392139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-15DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2023.2202167
Yanhong Li, Liquan Xie, T. Su
Abstract Aiming to sequestrate the excessive carbon dioxide and convert the acidified seawater, an improved method of carbon dioxide mineralization is developed based on electrode separation mechanism and extra oxygen-supplying technique. By electrode separation the neutralizations of the anodic acidity and the cathodic alkalinity, as well as the precipitation and the dissolution of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), are prevented. In addition, the extra-supplied oxygen prevents the evolution of hydrogen, which enhances the electric conductivity of the porous cathode and the deposition of CaCO3. A series of indoor physical experiments were conducted and the results show that the acidified seawater was successfully converted to alkaline in 72h. The speed of carbon mineralizing sequestration is significantly enhanced by supplying extra oxygen. The carbon dioxide mineralization speed increases with the immerse ratio of the aerator due to the more reacted oxygen and the less hydrogen evolution, which gives more porous space in the cathode for more conductive seawater and more deposition of CaCO3. The extra-supplied oxygen increases the CaCO3 -deposition by 100-214% under excessive atmospheric- CO2 conditions and 117-200% under normal atmospheric- CO2 conditions, respectively. This method has an application potential for quick conversion of locally acidified seawater in emergent circumstances.
{"title":"Carbon dioxide mineralization by electrode separation for quick carbon reduction and sequestration in acidified seawater","authors":"Yanhong Li, Liquan Xie, T. Su","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2023.2202167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2023.2202167","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Aiming to sequestrate the excessive carbon dioxide and convert the acidified seawater, an improved method of carbon dioxide mineralization is developed based on electrode separation mechanism and extra oxygen-supplying technique. By electrode separation the neutralizations of the anodic acidity and the cathodic alkalinity, as well as the precipitation and the dissolution of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), are prevented. In addition, the extra-supplied oxygen prevents the evolution of hydrogen, which enhances the electric conductivity of the porous cathode and the deposition of CaCO3. A series of indoor physical experiments were conducted and the results show that the acidified seawater was successfully converted to alkaline in 72h. The speed of carbon mineralizing sequestration is significantly enhanced by supplying extra oxygen. The carbon dioxide mineralization speed increases with the immerse ratio of the aerator due to the more reacted oxygen and the less hydrogen evolution, which gives more porous space in the cathode for more conductive seawater and more deposition of CaCO3. The extra-supplied oxygen increases the CaCO3 -deposition by 100-214% under excessive atmospheric- CO2 conditions and 117-200% under normal atmospheric- CO2 conditions, respectively. This method has an application potential for quick conversion of locally acidified seawater in emergent circumstances.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46493473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-08DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2023.2205383
R. Akram, Kefu Yi, Muhammad Irfan, Xiaofang Li
Abstract The research motivates to provide some implications about the role of energy innovation (EINN) in the resource curse hypothesis. The significance of EINN is crucial for mitigating the economic and environmental damage caused by the excessive consumption of natural resources (NR). The study aims to inspect the effect of energy consumption (EC), EINN, and NR on the economic growth (EG) of OECD countries from 1990 to 2015. The study emphasizes the importance of EINN by incorporating the EINN in the empirical framework of the resource curse hypothesis (RCH) and contributes to the current research on RCH. The study has used the various advanced econometrics techniques that are robust in controlling the cross-section dependence (CD) and slope heterogeneity of the panel data. The results clarify that EINN is a decisive factor in the analysis of the RCH. The positive association between EINN and EG suggests that EINN is beneficial in improving the EG of OECD countries. The results reveal the negative impact of NR on EG; however, with the inclusion of EINN, the absolute value of the NR’s effect has declined significantly from −0.299% to −0.076% in the long run. The findings suggest that improvements in the EINN are crucial to increase the efficiency and productivity of NR and to avoid the RCH in the OECD countries. Thus, OECD countries should encourage energy innovation policies by promoting their application, so that replacement of traditional energy sources with new energy can be realized. HIGHLIGHTS The importance of energy innovation is expressed in the context of the natural resource curse hypothesis (RCH). Advanced panel data method CS-ARDL is used to control the panel cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity issues. Energy innovation plays a decisive role in alleviating the RCH in the OECD countries.
{"title":"Alleviating role of energy innovation on resource curse: a case of OECD countries","authors":"R. Akram, Kefu Yi, Muhammad Irfan, Xiaofang Li","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2023.2205383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2023.2205383","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The research motivates to provide some implications about the role of energy innovation (EINN) in the resource curse hypothesis. The significance of EINN is crucial for mitigating the economic and environmental damage caused by the excessive consumption of natural resources (NR). The study aims to inspect the effect of energy consumption (EC), EINN, and NR on the economic growth (EG) of OECD countries from 1990 to 2015. The study emphasizes the importance of EINN by incorporating the EINN in the empirical framework of the resource curse hypothesis (RCH) and contributes to the current research on RCH. The study has used the various advanced econometrics techniques that are robust in controlling the cross-section dependence (CD) and slope heterogeneity of the panel data. The results clarify that EINN is a decisive factor in the analysis of the RCH. The positive association between EINN and EG suggests that EINN is beneficial in improving the EG of OECD countries. The results reveal the negative impact of NR on EG; however, with the inclusion of EINN, the absolute value of the NR’s effect has declined significantly from −0.299% to −0.076% in the long run. The findings suggest that improvements in the EINN are crucial to increase the efficiency and productivity of NR and to avoid the RCH in the OECD countries. Thus, OECD countries should encourage energy innovation policies by promoting their application, so that replacement of traditional energy sources with new energy can be realized. HIGHLIGHTS The importance of energy innovation is expressed in the context of the natural resource curse hypothesis (RCH). Advanced panel data method CS-ARDL is used to control the panel cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity issues. Energy innovation plays a decisive role in alleviating the RCH in the OECD countries.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44504453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-18DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2023.2197762
M. Neumann, Sebastián Echeverría, H. Hasenauer
Abstract Deadwood in forests is becoming an important topic globally for forest management and carbon markets. While deadwood volume is now routinely assessed by forest inventories and can be even monitored using remote sensing, data about deadwood carbon and density depending on the extent of decay is scarce. We propose a simple concept for estimating deadwood carbon using data from a pilot study in selected coniferous and broadleaf forests covering different climate zones in Austria. We measured deadwood volume and decay classes and calculated deadwood density and carbon fraction from destructive field samples. We found that decay reduces deadwood density significantly, while carbon fraction increases moderately with decay. Partitioning the explained variation confirmed that size and site parameters are more important for explaining deadwood carbon fraction than for deadwood density. These patterns were consistent for coniferous and broadleaf tree species. We also show how to estimate deadwood carbon stocks using standard forest inventory measurements or country statistics, without information on decay classes. We found differences in decay classes of standing versus lying deadwood, and our proposed method allows considering this in large-scale deadwood carbon assessments. We highlight research gaps and missing deadwood information, to provide more accurate carbon assessments of deadwood.
{"title":"A simple concept for estimating deadwood carbon in forests","authors":"M. Neumann, Sebastián Echeverría, H. Hasenauer","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2023.2197762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2023.2197762","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Deadwood in forests is becoming an important topic globally for forest management and carbon markets. While deadwood volume is now routinely assessed by forest inventories and can be even monitored using remote sensing, data about deadwood carbon and density depending on the extent of decay is scarce. We propose a simple concept for estimating deadwood carbon using data from a pilot study in selected coniferous and broadleaf forests covering different climate zones in Austria. We measured deadwood volume and decay classes and calculated deadwood density and carbon fraction from destructive field samples. We found that decay reduces deadwood density significantly, while carbon fraction increases moderately with decay. Partitioning the explained variation confirmed that size and site parameters are more important for explaining deadwood carbon fraction than for deadwood density. These patterns were consistent for coniferous and broadleaf tree species. We also show how to estimate deadwood carbon stocks using standard forest inventory measurements or country statistics, without information on decay classes. We found differences in decay classes of standing versus lying deadwood, and our proposed method allows considering this in large-scale deadwood carbon assessments. We highlight research gaps and missing deadwood information, to provide more accurate carbon assessments of deadwood.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46692727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-20DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2023.2184719
N. Huyen, Nguyen Hong Yen, Leavitt Ha
Abstract By identifying the connectedness of seven indicators from January 1, 2019, to June 13, 2022, we choose an extended joint connectedness approach to a vector autoregression model with time-varying parameter (TVP-VAR) to analyze interlinkages between Crypto Volatility (CV) and Energy Volatility (EV). Our findings show that the COVID-19 outbreak seems to have an impact on the dynamic connectedness of the whole system, which peaks at about 60% toward the end of 2019. According to net total directional connectedness over a quantile, throughout the 2020–2022 timeframe, natural gas and crude oil are net shock transmitters, while the CV, clean energy, solar energy, and green bonds consistently receive all other indicators. Specifically, pairwise connectedness indicates that the CV appears to be a net transmitter of shocks to all energy indicators before the COVID-19 outbreak but acts as a net receiver of shocks from clean energy, wind energy, and green bonds in late 2020. The CV mostly has spillover effects on green bonds. The primary net transmitter of shocks to the Crypto market is crude oil. Our findings are critical in helping investors and authorities design the most effective policies to lessen the vulnerabilities of these indicators and reduce the spread of risk or uncertainty.
{"title":"Could volatile cryptocurrency stimulate systemic risks in the energy sector? Evidence from novel connectedness models","authors":"N. Huyen, Nguyen Hong Yen, Leavitt Ha","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2023.2184719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2023.2184719","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract By identifying the connectedness of seven indicators from January 1, 2019, to June 13, 2022, we choose an extended joint connectedness approach to a vector autoregression model with time-varying parameter (TVP-VAR) to analyze interlinkages between Crypto Volatility (CV) and Energy Volatility (EV). Our findings show that the COVID-19 outbreak seems to have an impact on the dynamic connectedness of the whole system, which peaks at about 60% toward the end of 2019. According to net total directional connectedness over a quantile, throughout the 2020–2022 timeframe, natural gas and crude oil are net shock transmitters, while the CV, clean energy, solar energy, and green bonds consistently receive all other indicators. Specifically, pairwise connectedness indicates that the CV appears to be a net transmitter of shocks to all energy indicators before the COVID-19 outbreak but acts as a net receiver of shocks from clean energy, wind energy, and green bonds in late 2020. The CV mostly has spillover effects on green bonds. The primary net transmitter of shocks to the Crypto market is crude oil. Our findings are critical in helping investors and authorities design the most effective policies to lessen the vulnerabilities of these indicators and reduce the spread of risk or uncertainty.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44471472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-08DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2023.2179941
S. Raoux
Abstract The electronics industry has made remarkable progress over the past 25 years in reducing the emission intensity of long-lived volatile fluorinated compounds (FCs) that typically represent 80 to 90% of uncontrolled direct (scope 1) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during the manufacturing of semiconductor, display, and photovoltaic devices. However, while Normalized Emission Rates (NERs) have decreased in terms of CO2-equivalent emissions per surface area of electronic devices produced, absolute FC emissions from the sector have continued to grow at a compound annual rate of 3.4% between 1995 and 2020. Despite these trends, industry has not, to date, renewed their sectoral commitments to strengthen global FC emission reduction goals for the 2020–2030 decade, and it is unlikely that recently announced net-zero emission objectives from a few leading companies can reverse upwards industry emission trends in the near-term. Meanwhile, the persisting gap between “top-down” atmospheric measurements-based FC emission estimates and “bottom-up” emissions estimates is increasingly concerning as recent studies suggest that the gap is likely due, in part, to an underestimation of FC emissions from the electronics sector. Thus, the accuracy of industry-average (Tier 2) emission factors is increasingly questionable. Considering that most FCs essentially permanently persist in the atmosphere on a human time scale, the electronics industry needs to reassert its collective leadership on climate action, increase its ambition to reduce absolute emissions, and ground net-zero commitments in science by embarking on a concerted effort to monitor, report, and verify their process and abatement emission factors. To this effect, this article provides practicable solutions to cross-check bottom-up and top-down emission factors at the facility level and suggests that further implementing cost-effective FC abatement technologies, possibly in conjunction with a sectoral cap-and-trade mechanism, can help achieve residual FC emission levels compatible with net-zero neutralization principles and the 1.5 °C objective of the Paris Agreement.
{"title":"Fluorinated greenhouse gas and net-zero emissions from the electronics industry: the proof is in the pudding","authors":"S. Raoux","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2023.2179941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2023.2179941","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The electronics industry has made remarkable progress over the past 25 years in reducing the emission intensity of long-lived volatile fluorinated compounds (FCs) that typically represent 80 to 90% of uncontrolled direct (scope 1) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during the manufacturing of semiconductor, display, and photovoltaic devices. However, while Normalized Emission Rates (NERs) have decreased in terms of CO2-equivalent emissions per surface area of electronic devices produced, absolute FC emissions from the sector have continued to grow at a compound annual rate of 3.4% between 1995 and 2020. Despite these trends, industry has not, to date, renewed their sectoral commitments to strengthen global FC emission reduction goals for the 2020–2030 decade, and it is unlikely that recently announced net-zero emission objectives from a few leading companies can reverse upwards industry emission trends in the near-term. Meanwhile, the persisting gap between “top-down” atmospheric measurements-based FC emission estimates and “bottom-up” emissions estimates is increasingly concerning as recent studies suggest that the gap is likely due, in part, to an underestimation of FC emissions from the electronics sector. Thus, the accuracy of industry-average (Tier 2) emission factors is increasingly questionable. Considering that most FCs essentially permanently persist in the atmosphere on a human time scale, the electronics industry needs to reassert its collective leadership on climate action, increase its ambition to reduce absolute emissions, and ground net-zero commitments in science by embarking on a concerted effort to monitor, report, and verify their process and abatement emission factors. To this effect, this article provides practicable solutions to cross-check bottom-up and top-down emission factors at the facility level and suggests that further implementing cost-effective FC abatement technologies, possibly in conjunction with a sectoral cap-and-trade mechanism, can help achieve residual FC emission levels compatible with net-zero neutralization principles and the 1.5 °C objective of the Paris Agreement.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60432874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-13DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2023.2176005
Xiaoyun Zhang, Feng Dong
Abstract Under accelerated domestic economic cycle, it is significant to predict the embodied carbon transfer network (ECTNs) to identify key emission regions to improve emission reduction efficiency. Based on the existing China Multi-regional Input-Output Table (CMRIOs) for 2002, 2007, 2010, 2012, 2015 and 2017, the CMRIOs for 2002-2017 were updated, then the ECTNs were predicted and constructed from 2018 to 2025 through Particle Swarm Optimization- Support Vector Model. Finally, the spatial and temporal evolution trends of the ECTNs’ features were explored through complex networks analysis. The results showed that carbon leakage between provinces has been becoming increasingly serious. The small-world features of the ECTNs were becoming increasingly obvious. The distribution of provinces with great influence on carbon transfer was transferred from north to south, and then to the central region. Hebei, Jiangsu, Henan, Zhejiang, Inner Mongolia, and other resource-intensive and manufacturing provinces played an important "bridge" role in the trade between economic developed and developing provinces. Trade ties between non neighboring provinces have become increasingly close, which means the development of China’s integration has strengthened. This study provides a theoretical reference for the formulation of China’s overall carbon emission reduction policy. Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Temporal and spatial evolution of embodied carbon transfer network in the context of the domestic economic cycle","authors":"Xiaoyun Zhang, Feng Dong","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2023.2176005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2023.2176005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Under accelerated domestic economic cycle, it is significant to predict the embodied carbon transfer network (ECTNs) to identify key emission regions to improve emission reduction efficiency. Based on the existing China Multi-regional Input-Output Table (CMRIOs) for 2002, 2007, 2010, 2012, 2015 and 2017, the CMRIOs for 2002-2017 were updated, then the ECTNs were predicted and constructed from 2018 to 2025 through Particle Swarm Optimization- Support Vector Model. Finally, the spatial and temporal evolution trends of the ECTNs’ features were explored through complex networks analysis. The results showed that carbon leakage between provinces has been becoming increasingly serious. The small-world features of the ECTNs were becoming increasingly obvious. The distribution of provinces with great influence on carbon transfer was transferred from north to south, and then to the central region. Hebei, Jiangsu, Henan, Zhejiang, Inner Mongolia, and other resource-intensive and manufacturing provinces played an important \"bridge\" role in the trade between economic developed and developing provinces. Trade ties between non neighboring provinces have become increasingly close, which means the development of China’s integration has strengthened. This study provides a theoretical reference for the formulation of China’s overall carbon emission reduction policy. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48405900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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