Pub Date : 2023-12-02DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2023.2288592
L. Delta Merner, Lisa Benjamin, William Ercole, Isabela Keuschnigg, Julian Kunik, Karla Martínez Toral, Laura Peterson, Joana Setzer, Karen Sokol, Aradhna Tandon, Kaia Turowski
Amid mushrooming net-zero commitments and pledges made by states and non-state entities, a gap remains between those pledges, and the action needed in order to stay within the temperature goals of ...
在国家和非国家实体迅速做出的净零承诺和承诺中，这些承诺之间仍然存在差距，而为了保持在…
{"title":"Comparative analysis of legal mechanisms to net-zero: lessons from Germany, the United States, Brazil, and China","authors":"L. Delta Merner, Lisa Benjamin, William Ercole, Isabela Keuschnigg, Julian Kunik, Karla Martínez Toral, Laura Peterson, Joana Setzer, Karen Sokol, Aradhna Tandon, Kaia Turowski","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2023.2288592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2023.2288592","url":null,"abstract":"Amid mushrooming net-zero commitments and pledges made by states and non-state entities, a gap remains between those pledges, and the action needed in order to stay within the temperature goals of ...","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138533124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-23DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2023.2284714
Matthew Brander, Derik Broekhoff
There has been renewed interest in equating temporary carbon storage with permanent CO2 emission reductions, both within corporate GHG inventories and for carbon offset accounting. Proposed methods...
{"title":"Methods that equate temporary carbon storage with permanent CO2 emission reductions lead to false claims on temperature alignment","authors":"Matthew Brander, Derik Broekhoff","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2023.2284714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2023.2284714","url":null,"abstract":"There has been renewed interest in equating temporary carbon storage with permanent CO2 emission reductions, both within corporate GHG inventories and for carbon offset accounting. Proposed methods...","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138543248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2023.2275576
Lili Wu, Qingrui Tai, Yang Bian, Yanhui Li
Accurate carbon price prediction is a reference that allows market participants to make decisions. This study adopts a total of 1,857 trading days of data from April 2, 2014, to June 15, 2022, in the Hubei carbon market, one of the first and largest pilot carbon markets in China for carbon price prediction. We propose a new framework based on the GA-VMD-CNN-BiLSTM-Attention hybrid model: a genetic algorithm (GA) is adopted to search the optimal parameter combination of variational mode decomposition (VMD); a convolutional neural network (CNN) is established to discover the relationship between influencing factors and carbon prices; a bidirectional long and short-term memory network (BiLSTM) is applied to extract time series information; and an attention mechanism is used to strengthen the influence of important information on carbon prices. Compared to 11 other models, the GA-VMD-CNN-BiLSTM-Attention model has a higher accuracy and stronger model reliability. In addition to deterministic point prediction, this study uses non-parametric kernel density estimation with the Gaussian kernel function (KDE-Gaussian) for interval forecasting. The forecasting can quantify the uncertainty of carbon prices and serve as a more practical reference for decision-makers. By revealing the particularly challenging issue that underlies carbon price forecasting, our analysis also sheds light on current low-carbon policies in China.
{"title":"Point and interval forecasting of ultra-short-term carbon price in China","authors":"Lili Wu, Qingrui Tai, Yang Bian, Yanhui Li","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2023.2275576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2023.2275576","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate carbon price prediction is a reference that allows market participants to make decisions. This study adopts a total of 1,857 trading days of data from April 2, 2014, to June 15, 2022, in the Hubei carbon market, one of the first and largest pilot carbon markets in China for carbon price prediction. We propose a new framework based on the GA-VMD-CNN-BiLSTM-Attention hybrid model: a genetic algorithm (GA) is adopted to search the optimal parameter combination of variational mode decomposition (VMD); a convolutional neural network (CNN) is established to discover the relationship between influencing factors and carbon prices; a bidirectional long and short-term memory network (BiLSTM) is applied to extract time series information; and an attention mechanism is used to strengthen the influence of important information on carbon prices. Compared to 11 other models, the GA-VMD-CNN-BiLSTM-Attention model has a higher accuracy and stronger model reliability. In addition to deterministic point prediction, this study uses non-parametric kernel density estimation with the Gaussian kernel function (KDE-Gaussian) for interval forecasting. The forecasting can quantify the uncertainty of carbon prices and serve as a more practical reference for decision-makers. By revealing the particularly challenging issue that underlies carbon price forecasting, our analysis also sheds light on current low-carbon policies in China.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135342370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2023.2275578
Nicholas T. Girkin, Paul J. Burgess, Lydia Cole, Hannah V. Cooper, Euridice Honorio Coronado, Scott J. Davidson, Jacqueline Hannam, Jim Harris, Ian Holman, Christopher S. McCloskey, Michelle M. McKeown, Alice M. Milner, Susan Page, Jo Smith, Dylan Young
Peatlands are a globally important carbon store, but peatland ecosystems from high latitudes to the tropics are highly degraded due to increasingly intensive anthropogenic activity, making them significant greenhouse gas (GHG) sources. Peatland restoration and conservation have been proposed as a nature-based solution to climate change, by restoring the function of peatlands as a net carbon sink, but this may have implications for many local communities who rely on income from activities associated with transformed peatlands, particularly those drained for agriculture. However, without changing the way that humans interact with and exploit peatlands in most regions, peatlands will continue to degrade and be lost. We propose that there are ultimately three potential trajectories for peatland management: business as usual, whereby peatland carbon sink capacity continues to be eroded, responsible agricultural management (with the potential to mitigate emissions, but unlikely to restore peatlands as a net carbon sink), and restoration and conservation. We term this the three-peat challenge, and propose it as a means to view the benefits of restoring peatlands for the environment, as well as the implications of such transitions for communities who rely on ecosystem services (particularly provisioning) from degraded peatlands, and the consequences arising from a lack of action. Ultimately, decisions regarding which trajectories peatlands in given localities will follow torequire principles of equitable decision-making, and support to ensure just transitions, particularly for communities who rely on peatland ecosystems to support their livelihoods.
{"title":"The three-peat challenge: business as usual, responsible agriculture, and conservation and restoration as management trajectories in global peatlands","authors":"Nicholas T. Girkin, Paul J. Burgess, Lydia Cole, Hannah V. Cooper, Euridice Honorio Coronado, Scott J. Davidson, Jacqueline Hannam, Jim Harris, Ian Holman, Christopher S. McCloskey, Michelle M. McKeown, Alice M. Milner, Susan Page, Jo Smith, Dylan Young","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2023.2275578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2023.2275578","url":null,"abstract":"Peatlands are a globally important carbon store, but peatland ecosystems from high latitudes to the tropics are highly degraded due to increasingly intensive anthropogenic activity, making them significant greenhouse gas (GHG) sources. Peatland restoration and conservation have been proposed as a nature-based solution to climate change, by restoring the function of peatlands as a net carbon sink, but this may have implications for many local communities who rely on income from activities associated with transformed peatlands, particularly those drained for agriculture. However, without changing the way that humans interact with and exploit peatlands in most regions, peatlands will continue to degrade and be lost. We propose that there are ultimately three potential trajectories for peatland management: business as usual, whereby peatland carbon sink capacity continues to be eroded, responsible agricultural management (with the potential to mitigate emissions, but unlikely to restore peatlands as a net carbon sink), and restoration and conservation. We term this the three-peat challenge, and propose it as a means to view the benefits of restoring peatlands for the environment, as well as the implications of such transitions for communities who rely on ecosystem services (particularly provisioning) from degraded peatlands, and the consequences arising from a lack of action. Ultimately, decisions regarding which trajectories peatlands in given localities will follow torequire principles of equitable decision-making, and support to ensure just transitions, particularly for communities who rely on peatland ecosystems to support their livelihoods.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":"83 12-13","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135221793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2023.2275579
Thomas Stridsland, Andreas Stounbjerg, Hans Sanderson
Abstract There has been a notable absence of procurement emissions in university GHG inventories, which act to inform universities of possible decarbonization pathways only partially. Guided by a methodological trade-offs consensus document presented by a consortium of Danish universities, this study estimates the 2021 emissions of Aarhus University, including procurement. Utilizing a hybrid approach of process- and spend-based methods the results contribute to a trend of hybrid university assessments. Procurement-related emissions (39,692 tCO2e) were estimated using accounting data and EXIOBASE, a multi-regional environmentally extended input-output (MREEIO) model, with all other emissions estimated using physical data and governmental sources (20,273 tCO2e). EXIOBASE draws on a combination of consequential and attributional life cycle assessment, therefore the results are reported separately to maintain the distinctions between methodologies. The accounting data is not optimally matched with EXIOBASE’s categories, yet the comprehensive nature of the method increased the university’s awareness of procurement emissions and presented initial decarbonization routes, along with recommendations for better data quality. Further research is necessary to enable informed decisions towards decarbonization and to allow seamless incorporation of supplier-specific emissions data, which requires greater interdepartmental collaboration to elevate data resolution, and a data ontology that preserves both supplier transparency and proprietary information.
{"title":"A hybrid approach to a more complete emissions inventory: a case study of Aarhus University","authors":"Thomas Stridsland, Andreas Stounbjerg, Hans Sanderson","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2023.2275579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2023.2275579","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There has been a notable absence of procurement emissions in university GHG inventories, which act to inform universities of possible decarbonization pathways only partially. Guided by a methodological trade-offs consensus document presented by a consortium of Danish universities, this study estimates the 2021 emissions of Aarhus University, including procurement. Utilizing a hybrid approach of process- and spend-based methods the results contribute to a trend of hybrid university assessments. Procurement-related emissions (39,692 tCO2e) were estimated using accounting data and EXIOBASE, a multi-regional environmentally extended input-output (MREEIO) model, with all other emissions estimated using physical data and governmental sources (20,273 tCO2e). EXIOBASE draws on a combination of consequential and attributional life cycle assessment, therefore the results are reported separately to maintain the distinctions between methodologies. The accounting data is not optimally matched with EXIOBASE’s categories, yet the comprehensive nature of the method increased the university’s awareness of procurement emissions and presented initial decarbonization routes, along with recommendations for better data quality. Further research is necessary to enable informed decisions towards decarbonization and to allow seamless incorporation of supplier-specific emissions data, which requires greater interdepartmental collaboration to elevate data resolution, and a data ontology that preserves both supplier transparency and proprietary information.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":"24 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135870924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examined the climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices of dairy farmers in Agula and Maychew, Northern Ethiopia. Data was collected through focus group discussions (FGDs) and questionnaires. The study explored farmers’, implementation of three CSA practices – improved fodder, manure management, and replacement of unproductive cows. The determinants of CSA adoption were analyzed using a binary logistics model at significance levels of 1%, 5%, and 10%. Results showed that improved fodder was adopted by 60.1% in Agula and 18.2% in Maychew. The adoption of manure management (p = .229) and replacement of unproductive cows (p = .935) did not vary significantly. The replacement of unproductive cows had the highest adoption rate (45.9%). Improved fodder adoption was significantly higher among male-headed farms (p = .017). Manure management adoption was positively associated with gender (p = .034), number of cows (p = .081), and access to climate information (p = .063). Replacement of unproductive cows was associated with number of cows (p < .001), farm income (p = .049), and access to extension services (p = .006). FGDs revealed that farmers were able to perceive climate change and its effects on their dairy business. This study underscores the need for CSA practices to adapt to climate change impact on animals and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from dairy farms.
{"title":"Climate-smart agricultural practices: a case of dairy cooperative farmers in Agula and Maychew, Northern Ethiopia","authors":"Endale Balcha, Habtamu Taddele Menghistu, Amanuel Zenebe, Tadesse Teferi, Birhanu Hadush","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2023.2271880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2023.2271880","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices of dairy farmers in Agula and Maychew, Northern Ethiopia. Data was collected through focus group discussions (FGDs) and questionnaires. The study explored farmers’, implementation of three CSA practices – improved fodder, manure management, and replacement of unproductive cows. The determinants of CSA adoption were analyzed using a binary logistics model at significance levels of 1%, 5%, and 10%. Results showed that improved fodder was adopted by 60.1% in Agula and 18.2% in Maychew. The adoption of manure management (p = .229) and replacement of unproductive cows (p = .935) did not vary significantly. The replacement of unproductive cows had the highest adoption rate (45.9%). Improved fodder adoption was significantly higher among male-headed farms (p = .017). Manure management adoption was positively associated with gender (p = .034), number of cows (p = .081), and access to climate information (p = .063). Replacement of unproductive cows was associated with number of cows (p < .001), farm income (p = .049), and access to extension services (p = .006). FGDs revealed that farmers were able to perceive climate change and its effects on their dairy business. This study underscores the need for CSA practices to adapt to climate change impact on animals and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from dairy farms.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":"61 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136068275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2023.2265156
Cara Stitzlein, Jeffrey A. Baldock, Stephen H. Roxburgh, Martijn Mooij, Daniel Smith, Peter Fitch
Abstract Carbon farming presents an opportunity for the land sector to generate income and transition to more sustainable land management practices. In Australia, establishing a carbon project and earning carbon credits is complex, with project proponents needing to satisfy eligibility requirements and adhere to rigorous measurement, verification, and reporting protocols of approved methods. To address these challenges, a human centered design (HCD) approach was used to deliver a digital solution, serving landowners’ needs related to method discovery and reconfiguring how the methodological and scientific complexity of abatement potentials was delivered. The solution, called LOOC-C (pronounced “Look-see”), supports the discovery of abatement methods that are available for a given land area and provides an initial estimate of the potential quantum of carbon sequestered/emitted and the nature of co-benefits associated with each eligible method. Reporting on LOOC-C development and its observed impact demonstrates the role that human centered digital tools have in promoting land management actions that are both sustainable and reasonable to undertake. It equally demonstrates the power of integrating environmental market and user requirements with a robust design methodology. With similar opportunities in environmental markets globally, additional applications of an HCD approach are proposed. Policy highlights In 2012, the Australian government established the Emissions Reduction Fund (ERF) to reward landowners (via awarding Australian Carbon Credit Units, or ACCUs) for the implementation of management practices that either sequester carbon and/or reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. Rigorous eligibility and method requirements are intended to provide confidence in abatement outcomes, but they introduce significant complexity that participants must overcome. 11 years later, uncertainties in the implementation and ACCU generation potential of ERF projects and implications on productivity/co-benefits have limited uptake and the quantum of ACCU generation of land sector enterprises. Digital tools that support the discovery of options and provide estimated potential outcomes, such as the LOOC-C tool described in this paper (https://looc-c.farm/), can generate interest and empowerment, helping to initiate decisions toward market participation. VIDEO ABSTRACT Facilitating Entry to Land Sector Carbon Abatement Projects: The LOOC-C Tool
{"title":"Facilitating entry to land sector carbon abatement projects: the LOOC-C tool","authors":"Cara Stitzlein, Jeffrey A. Baldock, Stephen H. Roxburgh, Martijn Mooij, Daniel Smith, Peter Fitch","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2023.2265156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2023.2265156","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Carbon farming presents an opportunity for the land sector to generate income and transition to more sustainable land management practices. In Australia, establishing a carbon project and earning carbon credits is complex, with project proponents needing to satisfy eligibility requirements and adhere to rigorous measurement, verification, and reporting protocols of approved methods. To address these challenges, a human centered design (HCD) approach was used to deliver a digital solution, serving landowners’ needs related to method discovery and reconfiguring how the methodological and scientific complexity of abatement potentials was delivered. The solution, called LOOC-C (pronounced “Look-see”), supports the discovery of abatement methods that are available for a given land area and provides an initial estimate of the potential quantum of carbon sequestered/emitted and the nature of co-benefits associated with each eligible method. Reporting on LOOC-C development and its observed impact demonstrates the role that human centered digital tools have in promoting land management actions that are both sustainable and reasonable to undertake. It equally demonstrates the power of integrating environmental market and user requirements with a robust design methodology. With similar opportunities in environmental markets globally, additional applications of an HCD approach are proposed. Policy highlights In 2012, the Australian government established the Emissions Reduction Fund (ERF) to reward landowners (via awarding Australian Carbon Credit Units, or ACCUs) for the implementation of management practices that either sequester carbon and/or reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. Rigorous eligibility and method requirements are intended to provide confidence in abatement outcomes, but they introduce significant complexity that participants must overcome. 11 years later, uncertainties in the implementation and ACCU generation potential of ERF projects and implications on productivity/co-benefits have limited uptake and the quantum of ACCU generation of land sector enterprises. Digital tools that support the discovery of options and provide estimated potential outcomes, such as the LOOC-C tool described in this paper (https://looc-c.farm/), can generate interest and empowerment, helping to initiate decisions toward market participation. VIDEO ABSTRACT Facilitating Entry to Land Sector Carbon Abatement Projects: The LOOC-C Tool","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136102625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2023.2267018
Magni Olsen Kyrkjeeide, Marte Fandrem, Anders Lorentzen Kolstad, Jesamine Bartlett, Benjamin Cretois, Hanna Marika Silvennoinen
Conserving soil carbon is one of many actions to take in limiting global warming. However, carbon dense peatlands are still being drained or excavated. Infrastructure development is one of the major current threats to boral peatlands in Fennoscandia, but few tools are available for calculations of carbon stocks in peatland areas, necessary for decision makers planning development projects. Thus, we compiled a reference database of key peat characteristics from main boreal peatland types sampled in Norway and tested “best practice” peat depth sampling methods and peat volume interpolations. We implemented our findings in CarbonViewer, a tool and easy-to-use app that reliably calculates carbon stocks of delimited peatlands. Tool and method presented, estimates carbon stocks to assess potential soil carbon loss in planned infrastructure development on peatlands and will give decision makers the necessary knowledge base to limit emissions from soil carbon.
{"title":"A calculator for local peatland volume and carbon stock to support area planners and decision makers","authors":"Magni Olsen Kyrkjeeide, Marte Fandrem, Anders Lorentzen Kolstad, Jesamine Bartlett, Benjamin Cretois, Hanna Marika Silvennoinen","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2023.2267018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2023.2267018","url":null,"abstract":"Conserving soil carbon is one of many actions to take in limiting global warming. However, carbon dense peatlands are still being drained or excavated. Infrastructure development is one of the major current threats to boral peatlands in Fennoscandia, but few tools are available for calculations of carbon stocks in peatland areas, necessary for decision makers planning development projects. Thus, we compiled a reference database of key peat characteristics from main boreal peatland types sampled in Norway and tested “best practice” peat depth sampling methods and peat volume interpolations. We implemented our findings in CarbonViewer, a tool and easy-to-use app that reliably calculates carbon stocks of delimited peatlands. Tool and method presented, estimates carbon stocks to assess potential soil carbon loss in planned infrastructure development on peatlands and will give decision makers the necessary knowledge base to limit emissions from soil carbon.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135729120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2023.2266671
Xuepei Yuan, Jianyun Hou, Runsheng Yin, Ping Liu
There have been assessments of the carbon (C) offsetting potential of China’s forest sector using historical inventories and future projections. Here, we critically reflect on the assessments we have done and carefully synthesize our findings of China’s C sequestration by forest ecosystems and storage by harvested wood products (HWPs). We show that China raised its forest stock volume by 5.069 × 109 m3 during 2006–2020, giving a biomass C uptake of 2.592 petagrams (Pg). With a cumulative C emission of 37.031 Pg during the same period of time, the offsetting ratio of forest biomass is 6.99%. If C stored in HWPs during the period (0.491 Pg) is included, that ratio rises to 8.33%; further counting C sequestered by forest soil (1.277 Pg) boosts the ratio to 11.76%. With a stock volume increase of 14.813 × 109 m3 from 2006 to 2060, projected under a conventional scenario, the forest sector C removal could reach 9.286 Pg without including soil C or 13.017 Pg otherwise, offsetting 10.50% or 14.72% of the cumulative emission of 88.425 Pg. These results indicate that the forest sector has played and will continue to play a significant a role in its decarbonizing drive, but the government has been conservative in setting its targets, particularly for the increase of forest stock volume. Future policy and research efforts must effectively link the country’s forest structure, quality, and growth, and thus C sequestration and storage, with improved forest management and wood products manufacturing.
{"title":"Assessing the carbon offsetting potential of China’s forest sector: reflection and outlook","authors":"Xuepei Yuan, Jianyun Hou, Runsheng Yin, Ping Liu","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2023.2266671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2023.2266671","url":null,"abstract":"There have been assessments of the carbon (C) offsetting potential of China’s forest sector using historical inventories and future projections. Here, we critically reflect on the assessments we have done and carefully synthesize our findings of China’s C sequestration by forest ecosystems and storage by harvested wood products (HWPs). We show that China raised its forest stock volume by 5.069 × 109 m3 during 2006–2020, giving a biomass C uptake of 2.592 petagrams (Pg). With a cumulative C emission of 37.031 Pg during the same period of time, the offsetting ratio of forest biomass is 6.99%. If C stored in HWPs during the period (0.491 Pg) is included, that ratio rises to 8.33%; further counting C sequestered by forest soil (1.277 Pg) boosts the ratio to 11.76%. With a stock volume increase of 14.813 × 109 m3 from 2006 to 2060, projected under a conventional scenario, the forest sector C removal could reach 9.286 Pg without including soil C or 13.017 Pg otherwise, offsetting 10.50% or 14.72% of the cumulative emission of 88.425 Pg. These results indicate that the forest sector has played and will continue to play a significant a role in its decarbonizing drive, but the government has been conservative in setting its targets, particularly for the increase of forest stock volume. Future policy and research efforts must effectively link the country’s forest structure, quality, and growth, and thus C sequestration and storage, with improved forest management and wood products manufacturing.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135731493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-18DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2023.2265154
Nina A. Randazzo, Doria R. Gordon
Extensions of harvest rotation length are a commonly proposed method to increase carbon sequestration in forests that are managed for timber. However, several limitations constrain realistic storage potential in intensively managed forests. We present an analysis of the realistic potential for additional carbon sequestration via rotation extension across the Pacific Northwest of the United States, an important timber-producing region, taking into account specific limitations. We first assess the limitations on rotation length imposed by the stand age at which wood production would decline over the long term, and then incorporate the age at which trunk diameter surpasses a reasonable threshold for logging. Using publicly available forest survey data, we empirically model growth parameters across this region for use in this analysis. Despite uncertainties, we find some opportunities for rotation length extension in western Washington with variation by sub-region and timber species, emphasizing the importance of geography- and species-specific growth parameters for forest carbon management even within a general region. However, the total realistic potential for sequestration under this improved forest management scenario is small relative to gross emissions: the estimated cumulative additional sequestration in aboveground live biomass would offset one year of gross emissions in the case of Washington state, while a decadal-scale rotation extension implemented gradually over the landscape to avoid a total pause on commercial timber production would take on the scale of a century to achieve. Overall, practical considerations greatly limit the realistic potential of this carbon sequestration strategy.
{"title":"Realistic potential increases in carbon storage via timber rotation extensions: an analysis of the Pacific Northwest","authors":"Nina A. Randazzo, Doria R. Gordon","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2023.2265154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2023.2265154","url":null,"abstract":"Extensions of harvest rotation length are a commonly proposed method to increase carbon sequestration in forests that are managed for timber. However, several limitations constrain realistic storage potential in intensively managed forests. We present an analysis of the realistic potential for additional carbon sequestration via rotation extension across the Pacific Northwest of the United States, an important timber-producing region, taking into account specific limitations. We first assess the limitations on rotation length imposed by the stand age at which wood production would decline over the long term, and then incorporate the age at which trunk diameter surpasses a reasonable threshold for logging. Using publicly available forest survey data, we empirically model growth parameters across this region for use in this analysis. Despite uncertainties, we find some opportunities for rotation length extension in western Washington with variation by sub-region and timber species, emphasizing the importance of geography- and species-specific growth parameters for forest carbon management even within a general region. However, the total realistic potential for sequestration under this improved forest management scenario is small relative to gross emissions: the estimated cumulative additional sequestration in aboveground live biomass would offset one year of gross emissions in the case of Washington state, while a decadal-scale rotation extension implemented gradually over the landscape to avoid a total pause on commercial timber production would take on the scale of a century to achieve. Overall, practical considerations greatly limit the realistic potential of this carbon sequestration strategy.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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