Nisham Thapa, Lana L. Narine, Zhaofei Fan, Kasip Tiwari
Invasive plants have imposed severe threats to native ecosystems worldwide. Triadica sebifera (Tallow tree) and Ligustrum sinense (Chinese privet) are among the most prolific invasive species in the southern United States (US) that needs urgent assessment to protect coastal ecosystems. The lack of spatially explicit assessments of these invasives, coupled with the increasing availability of high-resolution remotely sensed data, represents an opportunity to produce a distribution map for subsequent monitoring. The overall goal of this study was to develop spatially comprehensive maps of Tallow tree and Chinese privet in ecologically sensitive coastal regions, where both invasives have become well established. The study was conducted in three coastal sites within Alabama and Mississippi: (1) Mobile Tensaw River Delta, (2) Bon Secour National Wildlife Refuge, and (3) Mississippi Sandhill Crane National Wildlife Refuge. We implemented three image classification methods, representing unsupervised, supervised, and machine learning techniques, respectively: (1) ISODATA, (2) Maximum Likelihood (ML), and (3) Random Forest (RF). For each classification, a 1 m National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) orthoimage was first examined, then integrated with vegetation structure and topography parameter derived from airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR). The maximum Overall Accuracy (OA) of 87.5% was obtained using RF model with NAIP stacked image integrated with LiDAR derived variables. Overall, findings highlight the potential for accurately characterizing both Tallow tree and Chinese privet using readily available remote sensing data. Mapped products from this study represent a spatially comprehensive baseline inventory of crucial invasive species and will serve to inform the development of a framework for broader-scale mapping and monitoring efforts.
{"title":"Detection of invasive plants using NAIP imagery and airborne LiDAR in coastal Alabama and Mississippi, USA","authors":"Nisham Thapa, Lana L. Narine, Zhaofei Fan, Kasip Tiwari","doi":"10.15287/afr.2023.2548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2023.2548","url":null,"abstract":"Invasive plants have imposed severe threats to native ecosystems worldwide. Triadica sebifera (Tallow tree) and Ligustrum sinense (Chinese privet) are among the most prolific invasive species in the southern United States (US) that needs urgent assessment to protect coastal ecosystems. The lack of spatially explicit assessments of these invasives, coupled with the increasing availability of high-resolution remotely sensed data, represents an opportunity to produce a distribution map for subsequent monitoring. The overall goal of this study was to develop spatially comprehensive maps of Tallow tree and Chinese privet in ecologically sensitive coastal regions, where both invasives have become well established. The study was conducted in three coastal sites within Alabama and Mississippi: (1) Mobile Tensaw River Delta, (2) Bon Secour National Wildlife Refuge, and (3) Mississippi Sandhill Crane National Wildlife Refuge. We implemented three image classification methods, representing unsupervised, supervised, and machine learning techniques, respectively: (1) ISODATA, (2) Maximum Likelihood (ML), and (3) Random Forest (RF). For each classification, a 1 m National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) orthoimage was first examined, then integrated with vegetation structure and topography parameter derived from airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR). The maximum Overall Accuracy (OA) of 87.5% was obtained using RF model with NAIP stacked image integrated with LiDAR derived variables. Overall, findings highlight the potential for accurately characterizing both Tallow tree and Chinese privet using readily available remote sensing data. Mapped products from this study represent a spatially comprehensive baseline inventory of crucial invasive species and will serve to inform the development of a framework for broader-scale mapping and monitoring efforts.","PeriodicalId":48954,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Research","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135807043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hadi Beygi Heidarlou, Abbas Banj Shafiei, Amin Tayyebi, Stelian Alexandru Borz
In recent decades, Zagros forests from western Iran have experienced dramatic changes in cover and structure. Conservation policies, on the other hand, have existed or are being implemented in these forests since 2002 to prevent deforestation. There is, however, the question on how effective were the conservation policies in preventing forest loss. The goal of this study was to analyze the effect of conservation policies in preventing forest loss, as well as to forecast their future effectiveness. Since the spatio-temporal changes in forest cover, land-use and its patterns occur in a non-linear way, this study was based on the use of Land Transformation Model (LTM). Using geographic information systems (GIS) and artificial neural networks (ANNs), this model forecasts future forest changes for the next 30 years. Three scenarios were used for this purpose, in which the input patterns included the years 2002-2012, 2002-2022, and 2012-2022. Based on these, deforestation was predicted for the next three decades using 14 variables. Assuming no changes in the implementation of conservation policies in the Zagros forests, the model was characterized by a consistent accuracy and indicated a projected pattern of increased deforestation over the next years in the region. In other words, by the ongoing conservation policies, the net deforestation overtakes net reforestation. It appears that to stop further forest degradation, Iran's Forestry Service decision-makers must implement improved forest conservation policies.
{"title":"Evaluating the effect of ongoing conservation policies and forest cover changes in Iranian Zagros forests based on a Land Transformation Model: transition to forest or deforestation?","authors":"Hadi Beygi Heidarlou, Abbas Banj Shafiei, Amin Tayyebi, Stelian Alexandru Borz","doi":"10.15287/afr.2023.2628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2023.2628","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades, Zagros forests from western Iran have experienced dramatic changes in cover and structure. Conservation policies, on the other hand, have existed or are being implemented in these forests since 2002 to prevent deforestation. There is, however, the question on how effective were the conservation policies in preventing forest loss. The goal of this study was to analyze the effect of conservation policies in preventing forest loss, as well as to forecast their future effectiveness. Since the spatio-temporal changes in forest cover, land-use and its patterns occur in a non-linear way, this study was based on the use of Land Transformation Model (LTM). Using geographic information systems (GIS) and artificial neural networks (ANNs), this model forecasts future forest changes for the next 30 years. Three scenarios were used for this purpose, in which the input patterns included the years 2002-2012, 2002-2022, and 2012-2022. Based on these, deforestation was predicted for the next three decades using 14 variables. Assuming no changes in the implementation of conservation policies in the Zagros forests, the model was characterized by a consistent accuracy and indicated a projected pattern of increased deforestation over the next years in the region. In other words, by the ongoing conservation policies, the net deforestation overtakes net reforestation. It appears that to stop further forest degradation, Iran's Forestry Service decision-makers must implement improved forest conservation policies.","PeriodicalId":48954,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Research","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135807050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Botryosphaeriales order is best known for the diseases they cause in woody plants, as primary pathogens or latent pathogens residing in the woody tissue of asymptomatic hosts. In the first instance, Botryosphaeriales species have been identified in Venezuela using morphological descriptions in the ‘80s and ‘90s, and later, the mid-2000s using molecular techniques. The morphological descriptions of the asexual morphs were initially used for the identification of Botryosphaeriales genera and species. Lasiodiplodia spp. (as L. theobromae) was the most isolated fungus in Venezuela within the Botryosphaeriales and has been found in more than 50% of the hosts in native and non-native plants, followed by Diplodia, Dothiorella, Fusicoccum, Microdiplodia, Macrophomina, Neofusicoccum, Sphaeropsis, and Botryosphaeria, considered all of them cosmopolitan group. Molecular studies, that included DNA sequence data from multiple genes, such as the internal transcribed spacer of rDNA (ITS), translation elongation factor-1α (tef1), and β-tubulin (btub) used on the fungi isolated from woody plants, mainly trees or forest species, reveled the presence of two families within the Botryosphaeriales order for Venezuela. Botryosphaeriaceae family includes the genera: Botryosphaeria, Cophinforma, Diplodia, Lasiodiplodia and Neofusicoccum, and the Pseudofusicoccumaceae family includes the genus Pseudofusicoccum. In the Botryosphaeriaceae the Lasiodiplodia genus was the most predominant in most hosts, and the species L. theobromae the most isolated in native and non-native plants. Botryosphaeria dothidea, Cophinforma atrovirens, Diplodia scrobiculata (syn. D. guayanensis), Lasiodiplodia brasiliensis, L. crassispora, L. pseudotheobromae, Neofusicoccum arbuti (syn. N. andinum), N. parvum, and N. ribis are cosmopolitan species, and they were isolated from native and non-native plants. Pseudofusicoccum stromaticum was found in plantations non-native of Acacia mangium, E. urophylla x E. grandis, Eucalyptus urophylla, and reported exclusively in South America. Lasiodiplodia venezuelensis has only been reported in Venezuela, and it was isolated from native and non-native plants. The presence, distribution, diversity, and symptoms of these fungi, mainly of the new genus, new species, and reports found in Venezuela and other parts of the world, were also reviewed.
{"title":"A review of Botryosphaeriales in Venezuela with special reference to woody plants","authors":"Sari R. Mohali Castillo","doi":"10.15287/afr.2023.2492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2023.2492","url":null,"abstract":"The Botryosphaeriales order is best known for the diseases they cause in woody plants, as primary pathogens or latent pathogens residing in the woody tissue of asymptomatic hosts. In the first instance, Botryosphaeriales species have been identified in Venezuela using morphological descriptions in the ‘80s and ‘90s, and later, the mid-2000s using molecular techniques. The morphological descriptions of the asexual morphs were initially used for the identification of Botryosphaeriales genera and species. Lasiodiplodia spp. (as L. theobromae) was the most isolated fungus in Venezuela within the Botryosphaeriales and has been found in more than 50% of the hosts in native and non-native plants, followed by Diplodia, Dothiorella, Fusicoccum, Microdiplodia, Macrophomina, Neofusicoccum, Sphaeropsis, and Botryosphaeria, considered all of them cosmopolitan group. Molecular studies, that included DNA sequence data from multiple genes, such as the internal transcribed spacer of rDNA (ITS), translation elongation factor-1α (tef1), and β-tubulin (btub) used on the fungi isolated from woody plants, mainly trees or forest species, reveled the presence of two families within the Botryosphaeriales order for Venezuela. Botryosphaeriaceae family includes the genera: Botryosphaeria, Cophinforma, Diplodia, Lasiodiplodia and Neofusicoccum, and the Pseudofusicoccumaceae family includes the genus Pseudofusicoccum. In the Botryosphaeriaceae the Lasiodiplodia genus was the most predominant in most hosts, and the species L. theobromae the most isolated in native and non-native plants. Botryosphaeria dothidea, Cophinforma atrovirens, Diplodia scrobiculata (syn. D. guayanensis), Lasiodiplodia brasiliensis, L. crassispora, L. pseudotheobromae, Neofusicoccum arbuti (syn. N. andinum), N. parvum, and N. ribis are cosmopolitan species, and they were isolated from native and non-native plants. Pseudofusicoccum stromaticum was found in plantations non-native of Acacia mangium, E. urophylla x E. grandis, Eucalyptus urophylla, and reported exclusively in South America. Lasiodiplodia venezuelensis has only been reported in Venezuela, and it was isolated from native and non-native plants. The presence, distribution, diversity, and symptoms of these fungi, mainly of the new genus, new species, and reports found in Venezuela and other parts of the world, were also reviewed.","PeriodicalId":48954,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Research","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135806853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthew I. Barker, Jonathan D. Burnett, Tanya Haddad, William Hirsch, Dae Kun Kang, Kale’a Pawlak-Kjolhaug, Michael G. Wing
Pacific madrone leaf blight (PMLB) is a contributing agent to the decline of Pacific madrone (Arbutus menziesii) trees. Multiple fungal pathogens cause PMLB, resulting in leaf spotting that can eventually kill leaves, increasing stress in individuals, and leaving them more susceptible to deadly cankers. Spores transmit via air and water droplets, particularly during wet Spring months. Unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS) technologies are in their relative infancy, but UAS are becoming more affordable and accessible. UAS promise increased efficiency in forest health monitoring applications, providing a safer aerial data collection method at a relatively-low cost when compared to occupied aircraft. In this study, we develop and present a UAS methodology to detect PMLB with a multispectral sensor. This methodology combines orthomosaic products derived from high-resolution (~4 cm) multirotor platform UAS multispectral imagery with machine learning and ground assessment of PMLB to classify visual presence of blight at the individual tree-level during multiple site revisits. The resulting model detected PMLB infection status of 29 field surveyed madrone trees with a kappa coefficient of , a balanced accuracy of 0.85, and a true positive rate of 0.92. The method presented here can be readily scaled to efficiently cover a much larger extent with a beyond-line-of-site capable UAS and minimal field sampling. The increased efficiency of this approach may be critical to characterizing PMLB in the near future as it is anticipated that PMLB prevalence will continue to increase as a result of climate change.
{"title":"Multi-temporal Pacific madrone leaf blight assessment with unoccupied aircraft systems","authors":"Matthew I. Barker, Jonathan D. Burnett, Tanya Haddad, William Hirsch, Dae Kun Kang, Kale’a Pawlak-Kjolhaug, Michael G. Wing","doi":"10.15287/afr.2023.2700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2023.2700","url":null,"abstract":"Pacific madrone leaf blight (PMLB) is a contributing agent to the decline of Pacific madrone (Arbutus menziesii) trees. Multiple fungal pathogens cause PMLB, resulting in leaf spotting that can eventually kill leaves, increasing stress in individuals, and leaving them more susceptible to deadly cankers. Spores transmit via air and water droplets, particularly during wet Spring months. Unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS) technologies are in their relative infancy, but UAS are becoming more affordable and accessible. UAS promise increased efficiency in forest health monitoring applications, providing a safer aerial data collection method at a relatively-low cost when compared to occupied aircraft. In this study, we develop and present a UAS methodology to detect PMLB with a multispectral sensor. This methodology combines orthomosaic products derived from high-resolution (~4 cm) multirotor platform UAS multispectral imagery with machine learning and ground assessment of PMLB to classify visual presence of blight at the individual tree-level during multiple site revisits. The resulting model detected PMLB infection status of 29 field surveyed madrone trees with a kappa coefficient of , a balanced accuracy of 0.85, and a true positive rate of 0.92. The method presented here can be readily scaled to efficiently cover a much larger extent with a beyond-line-of-site capable UAS and minimal field sampling. The increased efficiency of this approach may be critical to characterizing PMLB in the near future as it is anticipated that PMLB prevalence will continue to increase as a result of climate change.","PeriodicalId":48954,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135807044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Panagiotis Michopoulos, Marios Kostakis, Panagiotis Koulelis, Athanassios Bourletsikas, Kostas Kaoukis, Victor Kavvadias, Victor Kavvadias, Dimitrios Arapakis, Ioannis Pasias, Nikolaos S. Thomaidis, Nektaria Liakopoulou
The status and cycling of boron (B) were examined in two forest types in Greece, a maquis and a mountainous fir forest. In the hydrological cycle, in both forest types, the B concentration in the bulk deposition was significantly lower than that in throughfall implying dry deposition. It was also shown that some long-range transfer of B took place in the atmosphere above both forests. The total B in soils was higher in the maquis forest reflecting the chemical composition of the parent material but also the proximity of the maquis forest to the sea. Likewise, the B concentration in the holm oak leaves in the maquis forest was higher than that in the fir needles. These facts affected the B concentrations in the soil solution and fluxes in the hydrological cycle and litterfall of both forests. In soils, the available B correlated significantly with the organic carbon and the ratio of C/N in both forests but not with the total B. The residence time of B in the forest floor was lower in the maquis plot, which means faster cycling. The low temperatures in the mountain fir plot contributed to this fact.
{"title":"Cycling and status of boron in two forest types in Greece","authors":"Panagiotis Michopoulos, Marios Kostakis, Panagiotis Koulelis, Athanassios Bourletsikas, Kostas Kaoukis, Victor Kavvadias, Victor Kavvadias, Dimitrios Arapakis, Ioannis Pasias, Nikolaos S. Thomaidis, Nektaria Liakopoulou","doi":"10.15287/afr.2023.2940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2023.2940","url":null,"abstract":"The status and cycling of boron (B) were examined in two forest types in Greece, a maquis and a mountainous fir forest. In the hydrological cycle, in both forest types, the B concentration in the bulk deposition was significantly lower than that in throughfall implying dry deposition. It was also shown that some long-range transfer of B took place in the atmosphere above both forests. The total B in soils was higher in the maquis forest reflecting the chemical composition of the parent material but also the proximity of the maquis forest to the sea. Likewise, the B concentration in the holm oak leaves in the maquis forest was higher than that in the fir needles. These facts affected the B concentrations in the soil solution and fluxes in the hydrological cycle and litterfall of both forests. In soils, the available B correlated significantly with the organic carbon and the ratio of C/N in both forests but not with the total B. The residence time of B in the forest floor was lower in the maquis plot, which means faster cycling. The low temperatures in the mountain fir plot contributed to this fact.","PeriodicalId":48954,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Research","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135807048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Grzegorz Szewczyk, Jozef Krilek, Dariusz Kulak, Krzysztof Leszczyński, Tomasz Pacia, Janusz Michał Sowa, Arkadiusz Stańczykiewicz
The aim of the study was to determine the unit costs of mechanized timber harvesting in pine stands where early thinning was being performed, and to determine the relationship between the cost level and the volume of harvested trees, the harvester model and field conditions. Analysis focused on timber harvesting with the use of small- and mid-sized harvesters. The tested harvesters were specialized forestry machines (Vimek, Sampo, Profi-Pro, Ponsse) and a construction machine (Fao-Far). Terrain accessibility variants were distinguished in relation to furrows between which trees had been planted in the past: flat terrain with the depth of unevenness up to 20 cm, up to 40 cm, and over 40 cm. The operating costs of the analyzed harvesters varied significantly, an hour of operation of the machine that was the cheapest to use (Fao-Far) cost nearly 2.5 times less (37.3 €) than the Profi-Pro harvester, which was the most expensive in operation (89.1 €). In stands without furrows, the lowest unit costs were noted for the Sampo harvester: 8.4 €·m-3. The other small harvesters, Vimek and Fao-Far, were slightly more expensive to use: 10.3 €·m-3 and 9.1 €·m-3, respectively. In areas where furrows were up to 20 cm deep, the cheapest solution was timber harvesting with the Fao-Far harvester (9.9 €·m-3). In areas where furrows were up to 40 cm deep, timber harvesting was the cheapest with the Sampo harvester (10.7 €·m-3), while harvesters Vimek and Fao-Far were characterized by a similar cost intensity, amounting to just over 12 €·m-3. In stands with furrows deeper than 40 cm, it was cheapest to use the Ponsse harvester (10.4 €·m-3). The cost of operation of the Profi-Pro harvester was higher by approx. 25% (14.0 €·m-3). With the current level of the financing of mechanized timber harvesting in Poland (about 11 €·m-3), small harvesters Vimek, Sampo and Fao-Far are cost-effective when single tree volume exceeds 0.05-0.06 m3. Medium harvesters, Profi-Pro and Ponsse, are cost-effective when unit volumes of harvested trees reach 0.08 and 0.11 m3 respectively. The cost-effectiveness of the tested harvesters increased when working shifts were extended.
{"title":"Economic efficiency of fully mechanized timber harvesting in coniferous stands of the 2nd age class","authors":"Grzegorz Szewczyk, Jozef Krilek, Dariusz Kulak, Krzysztof Leszczyński, Tomasz Pacia, Janusz Michał Sowa, Arkadiusz Stańczykiewicz","doi":"10.15287/afr.2023.2491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2023.2491","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to determine the unit costs of mechanized timber harvesting in pine stands where early thinning was being performed, and to determine the relationship between the cost level and the volume of harvested trees, the harvester model and field conditions. Analysis focused on timber harvesting with the use of small- and mid-sized harvesters. The tested harvesters were specialized forestry machines (Vimek, Sampo, Profi-Pro, Ponsse) and a construction machine (Fao-Far). Terrain accessibility variants were distinguished in relation to furrows between which trees had been planted in the past: flat terrain with the depth of unevenness up to 20 cm, up to 40 cm, and over 40 cm. The operating costs of the analyzed harvesters varied significantly, an hour of operation of the machine that was the cheapest to use (Fao-Far) cost nearly 2.5 times less (37.3 €) than the Profi-Pro harvester, which was the most expensive in operation (89.1 €). In stands without furrows, the lowest unit costs were noted for the Sampo harvester: 8.4 €·m-3. The other small harvesters, Vimek and Fao-Far, were slightly more expensive to use: 10.3 €·m-3 and 9.1 €·m-3, respectively. In areas where furrows were up to 20 cm deep, the cheapest solution was timber harvesting with the Fao-Far harvester (9.9 €·m-3). In areas where furrows were up to 40 cm deep, timber harvesting was the cheapest with the Sampo harvester (10.7 €·m-3), while harvesters Vimek and Fao-Far were characterized by a similar cost intensity, amounting to just over 12 €·m-3. In stands with furrows deeper than 40 cm, it was cheapest to use the Ponsse harvester (10.4 €·m-3). The cost of operation of the Profi-Pro harvester was higher by approx. 25% (14.0 €·m-3). With the current level of the financing of mechanized timber harvesting in Poland (about 11 €·m-3), small harvesters Vimek, Sampo and Fao-Far are cost-effective when single tree volume exceeds 0.05-0.06 m3. Medium harvesters, Profi-Pro and Ponsse, are cost-effective when unit volumes of harvested trees reach 0.08 and 0.11 m3 respectively. The cost-effectiveness of the tested harvesters increased when working shifts were extended.","PeriodicalId":48954,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135807047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katarína Adamčíková, Katarína Pastirčáková, Zuzana Jánošíková, Radovan Ostrovský, Martin Pastirčák, Jozef Pažitný, Marek Kobza, Slavomír Adamčík, Miriam Kádasi-Horáková, Emília Ondrušková
Dothistroma needle blight is one of the most severe needle diseases of pines caused by two closely related species, Dothistroma septosporum and D. pini. The further spread and distribution of this disease were investigated in Slovakia, and new hosts and stand types were identified at the regional level. Dothistroma septosporum was recorded in a natural stand at higher altitude on Pinus cembra in the High Tatras and the P. uncinata records are new host reports for Slovakia for this pathogen. Moreover, for D. pini, P. cembra as a new host at the country level was recorded and P. armandii was identified as new host species worldwide. Mating types for all collected samples and ITS haplotypes for D. pini isolates were determined. For D. pini, five localities with the presence of both mating types and three ITS haplotypes (Dp_HAP.1, Dp_HAP.2 and Dp_ HAP.4) were reported. Samples where both mating types of the pathogens were identified, were selected for the microscopic examination of fruiting bodies aimed to detect sexual reproductive organs. In all inspected needle samples of D. pini, only conidiomata with typical hyaline cylindrical conidia were identified. The sexual state of D. septosporum was recorded in one sample of P. nigra needles.
{"title":"New regional records of Dothistroma needle blight pathogens from Slovakia: distribution, hosts and pathogens characterization","authors":"Katarína Adamčíková, Katarína Pastirčáková, Zuzana Jánošíková, Radovan Ostrovský, Martin Pastirčák, Jozef Pažitný, Marek Kobza, Slavomír Adamčík, Miriam Kádasi-Horáková, Emília Ondrušková","doi":"10.15287/afr.2023.2648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2023.2648","url":null,"abstract":"Dothistroma needle blight is one of the most severe needle diseases of pines caused by two closely related species, Dothistroma septosporum and D. pini. The further spread and distribution of this disease were investigated in Slovakia, and new hosts and stand types were identified at the regional level. Dothistroma septosporum was recorded in a natural stand at higher altitude on Pinus cembra in the High Tatras and the P. uncinata records are new host reports for Slovakia for this pathogen. Moreover, for D. pini, P. cembra as a new host at the country level was recorded and P. armandii was identified as new host species worldwide. Mating types for all collected samples and ITS haplotypes for D. pini isolates were determined. For D. pini, five localities with the presence of both mating types and three ITS haplotypes (Dp_HAP.1, Dp_HAP.2 and Dp_ HAP.4) were reported. Samples where both mating types of the pathogens were identified, were selected for the microscopic examination of fruiting bodies aimed to detect sexual reproductive organs. In all inspected needle samples of D. pini, only conidiomata with typical hyaline cylindrical conidia were identified. The sexual state of D. septosporum was recorded in one sample of P. nigra needles.","PeriodicalId":48954,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135807049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Analyzing the influence mechanism of the transformation of demand willingness and behavior of forestry social services (FSS) of farmers with different operation scales in the production process is crucial for promoting the modernization of the collective FSS system. Based on the survey data of 800 farmers in 3 provinces of China, this study uses the multivariate (Mv-) probit model to quantitatively analyze the mechanism of factor endowments’ influence on farmers’ deviation of demand willingness and choice behavior on three FSSs in the different scales: fine seed and cultivation technology service (SCTS), forest insect pest prevention and treatment service (IPTS), and timber collection and sale service (TCSS). Our results show that the demand rates of IPTS, SCTS, and TCSS are 80.25%, 68.00%, and 68.38%, respectively. Large-scale farmers are more willing to demand FSS than small and medium-scale farmers. However, their actual adoption behavior is low, and there are significant deviations in farmers’ demand willingness and adoption behavior for different types of FSS, i.e., 30.37%,12.62%, and 44.88% for SCTS, IPTS, and TCSS, respectively. Farmers’ transformation from demand willingness to adoption behavior is significantly affected by farmers’ characteristics. Compared with the farmers’ demand willingness model, the inhibitory factors for the transformation behavior for FSS increased significantly, including common factors such as the scale of the managed forest land, the difficulty in applying for logging permits, getting afforestation subsidies, and the proportion of forestry income. In contrast, these factors had the opposite influence on the demand willingness model. The number and degree of positive significant influencing factors decreased, with only the family labor force positively influencing farmers’ transformation behavior for SCTS. Based on the results, it is suggested to scientifically guide the orderly flow of rural labor, promoting the moderate scale concentration of forest land flow, accelerating the speed and benefits of inclusiveness in rural finance, and resolving issues related to farmers’ loans to improve the adoption behavior of FSS by farmers.
{"title":"Factors affecting adoption of forestry social services: evidence from major forestry provinces in China","authors":"Wenmei Liao, Qing Fu, Ruolan Yuan, Jindi Qiao, Xueping Gao, Xingdong Wang, Feng Wu, Tariq Ali","doi":"10.15287/afr.2023.2427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2023.2427","url":null,"abstract":"Analyzing the influence mechanism of the transformation of demand willingness and behavior of forestry social services (FSS) of farmers with different operation scales in the production process is crucial for promoting the modernization of the collective FSS system. Based on the survey data of 800 farmers in 3 provinces of China, this study uses the multivariate (Mv-) probit model to quantitatively analyze the mechanism of factor endowments’ influence on farmers’ deviation of demand willingness and choice behavior on three FSSs in the different scales: fine seed and cultivation technology service (SCTS), forest insect pest prevention and treatment service (IPTS), and timber collection and sale service (TCSS). Our results show that the demand rates of IPTS, SCTS, and TCSS are 80.25%, 68.00%, and 68.38%, respectively. Large-scale farmers are more willing to demand FSS than small and medium-scale farmers. However, their actual adoption behavior is low, and there are significant deviations in farmers’ demand willingness and adoption behavior for different types of FSS, i.e., 30.37%,12.62%, and 44.88% for SCTS, IPTS, and TCSS, respectively. Farmers’ transformation from demand willingness to adoption behavior is significantly affected by farmers’ characteristics. Compared with the farmers’ demand willingness model, the inhibitory factors for the transformation behavior for FSS increased significantly, including common factors such as the scale of the managed forest land, the difficulty in applying for logging permits, getting afforestation subsidies, and the proportion of forestry income. In contrast, these factors had the opposite influence on the demand willingness model. The number and degree of positive significant influencing factors decreased, with only the family labor force positively influencing farmers’ transformation behavior for SCTS. Based on the results, it is suggested to scientifically guide the orderly flow of rural labor, promoting the moderate scale concentration of forest land flow, accelerating the speed and benefits of inclusiveness in rural finance, and resolving issues related to farmers’ loans to improve the adoption behavior of FSS by farmers.","PeriodicalId":48954,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Research","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135806851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrei Buzatu, Constantin Nețoiu, Bogdan Apostol, Ovidiu Badea
Monitoring and assessing the phytosanitary status of forests is a crucial activity in forest protection field, and the use of satellite remote sensing has become increasingly prevalent in this regard. Satellite images offer valuable information in terms of time and space, particularly through the analysis of vegetation and biophysical indices. Within this context, the aim of the study was to explore the potential of satellite remote sensing methods to monitor and assess the extent of tree defoliation caused by the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar). The research study was focused on a forest situated in the Oltenia region of Romania, which experienced a gradation period for the defoliator L. dispar between 2018 and 2020. To determine the extent of defoliation caused by L. dispar in 2020 and 2021, a rectangular network consisting of 70 one-hectare sample areas was implemented. Each sample area had a square shape with a side of 100 m. In each corner of the sample areas, sub-sample circles with a radius of 12.62 meters were established, in which visual observations regarding the defoliation levels were conducted. The study involved a comparison between thematic maps derived from ground observations and those based on specific remote sensing indices derived through the processing of Sentinel 2 satellite images, of the Ciuturica forest area during the years 2020 and 2021. The research study indicated that the canopy water content (CWC) index was the most suitable for assessing defoliation caused by L. dispar. Furthermore, the study highlighted that remote sensing methods could be very effective and easily applicable, complementing the field ground-based efforts in monitoring and assessing the impact of L. dispar infestations.
{"title":"The use of remote sensing indices derived from Sentinel 2 satellite images for the defoliation damage assessment of Lymantria dispar","authors":"Andrei Buzatu, Constantin Nețoiu, Bogdan Apostol, Ovidiu Badea","doi":"10.15287/afr.2023.3013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2023.3013","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring and assessing the phytosanitary status of forests is a crucial activity in forest protection field, and the use of satellite remote sensing has become increasingly prevalent in this regard. Satellite images offer valuable information in terms of time and space, particularly through the analysis of vegetation and biophysical indices. Within this context, the aim of the study was to explore the potential of satellite remote sensing methods to monitor and assess the extent of tree defoliation caused by the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar). The research study was focused on a forest situated in the Oltenia region of Romania, which experienced a gradation period for the defoliator L. dispar between 2018 and 2020. To determine the extent of defoliation caused by L. dispar in 2020 and 2021, a rectangular network consisting of 70 one-hectare sample areas was implemented. Each sample area had a square shape with a side of 100 m. In each corner of the sample areas, sub-sample circles with a radius of 12.62 meters were established, in which visual observations regarding the defoliation levels were conducted. The study involved a comparison between thematic maps derived from ground observations and those based on specific remote sensing indices derived through the processing of Sentinel 2 satellite images, of the Ciuturica forest area during the years 2020 and 2021. The research study indicated that the canopy water content (CWC) index was the most suitable for assessing defoliation caused by L. dispar. Furthermore, the study highlighted that remote sensing methods could be very effective and easily applicable, complementing the field ground-based efforts in monitoring and assessing the impact of L. dispar infestations.","PeriodicalId":48954,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135807045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ștefan Leca, Ionel Popa, Șerban Chivulescu, Andrei Popa, Diana Pitar, Alexandru-Claudiu Dobre, Ionuț-Silviu Pascu, Bogdan Apostol, Ovidiu Badea
Mitigating the adverse effects of climate change and worldwide urbanization is one of the main tasks of local authorities and city managers. As a long-term solution, urban and periurban forests have the potential to mitigate the impacts of climate change by providing ecosystem services such as removing air pollutants, mitigating the urban heat islands, storing carbon, regulating local climate, limiting the risk of flooding, reducing noise levels, and improving the physical and mental health of citizens and their welfare. To promote, conserve, and enhance the benefits offered by the periurban forests, it is needed to adequately describe the forest ecosystems state, and understand well their structure and functionality. The objective of this study was to investigate the structure, diversity, and health status of one of the main periurban forest in Bucharest. In 2015 and 2020, biophysical measurements (diameter at breast height, total height, wood quality, cenotic class) and assessments of forest health status were conducted in a permanent sample monitoring network (PSMN). This PSMN consists of 46 sample plots located in the periurban Stefănești forest near Bucharest, Romania. The calculation included tree characteristics and stand volumes, while the tree species diversity was characterized using the Shannon (H) and Gini (G) indexes. Our study confirmed that higher diversity indexes of tree species and variability amongst the biometric characteristics at forest stand level sustain ecosystem resilience and adaptability to climate change, simultaneously bolstering their capacity to provide various ecosystem services. The gained insights are critical in helping forest managers, policymakers, and any stakeholders in the effort to evaluate and model the ecosystem services.
{"title":"Structure and diversity in a periurban forest of Bucharest, Romania","authors":"Ștefan Leca, Ionel Popa, Șerban Chivulescu, Andrei Popa, Diana Pitar, Alexandru-Claudiu Dobre, Ionuț-Silviu Pascu, Bogdan Apostol, Ovidiu Badea","doi":"10.15287/afr.2023.3011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2023.3011","url":null,"abstract":"Mitigating the adverse effects of climate change and worldwide urbanization is one of the main tasks of local authorities and city managers. As a long-term solution, urban and periurban forests have the potential to mitigate the impacts of climate change by providing ecosystem services such as removing air pollutants, mitigating the urban heat islands, storing carbon, regulating local climate, limiting the risk of flooding, reducing noise levels, and improving the physical and mental health of citizens and their welfare. To promote, conserve, and enhance the benefits offered by the periurban forests, it is needed to adequately describe the forest ecosystems state, and understand well their structure and functionality. The objective of this study was to investigate the structure, diversity, and health status of one of the main periurban forest in Bucharest. In 2015 and 2020, biophysical measurements (diameter at breast height, total height, wood quality, cenotic class) and assessments of forest health status were conducted in a permanent sample monitoring network (PSMN). This PSMN consists of 46 sample plots located in the periurban Stefănești forest near Bucharest, Romania. The calculation included tree characteristics and stand volumes, while the tree species diversity was characterized using the Shannon (H) and Gini (G) indexes. Our study confirmed that higher diversity indexes of tree species and variability amongst the biometric characteristics at forest stand level sustain ecosystem resilience and adaptability to climate change, simultaneously bolstering their capacity to provide various ecosystem services. The gained insights are critical in helping forest managers, policymakers, and any stakeholders in the effort to evaluate and model the ecosystem services.","PeriodicalId":48954,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Research","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135807046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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