As a unique and endangered species in the family Salicaceae, Chosenia arbutifolia (Pall.) A. Skv. has great potential for use in ornamental and industrial purposes. Despite its comprehensive importance, the phylogenetic position of C. arbutifolia within Salicaceae is still ambiguous. In the present study, the whole chloroplast genome of C. arbutifolia was sequenced and compared with the genome of other Salicaceae species. A phylogenetic tree was established based on the maximum-likelihood (ML) methods. The de novo assemblies generated 155684 bp in length for the completed cp genome of C. arbutifolia, including a large single-copy region of 84551 bp, a small single-copy region of 16217 bp, and two inverted repeat regions of 27458 bp each. In total, 130 genes were predicted, of which 85 protein-coding genes were annotated in at least one of the five reference databases. In the repeat analysis, 23 forward, 15 palindromic, one complement, one reverse long repeats, and 221 putative SSRs were identified. The results of genome comparison showed that the large single copy region (LSC) region was more divergent than the small single copy region (SSC) and inverted repeated (IR) regions, and a higher divergence occurred in non-coding regions than in coding regions. Significant contractions or expansions were also observed at the IR-LSC/SSC boundaries. Phylogenetic analysis of 20 Salicaceae species confirmed that C. arbutifolia is closely related to Salix species and may therefore be treated as a member of the genus Salix. The complete C. arbutifolia chloroplast genome will provide insight into the chloroplast architecture, function, and evolution of this species and provide additional resources for future research.
{"title":"Phylogenetic analysis of Chosenia arbutifolia (Pall.) A. Skv. in Salicaceae using complete chloroplast genome sequence","authors":"Xudong He, Yu Wang, Jiwei Zheng, Zhongyi Jiao, Jiesong Zhou, Baosong Wang, Q. Zhuge","doi":"10.15287/afr.2022.2153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2022.2153","url":null,"abstract":"As a unique and endangered species in the family Salicaceae, Chosenia arbutifolia (Pall.) A. Skv. has great potential for use in ornamental and industrial purposes. Despite its comprehensive importance, the phylogenetic position of C. arbutifolia within Salicaceae is still ambiguous. In the present study, the whole chloroplast genome of C. arbutifolia was sequenced and compared with the genome of other Salicaceae species. A phylogenetic tree was established based on the maximum-likelihood (ML) methods. The de novo assemblies generated 155684 bp in length for the completed cp genome of C. arbutifolia, including a large single-copy region of 84551 bp, a small single-copy region of 16217 bp, and two inverted repeat regions of 27458 bp each. In total, 130 genes were predicted, of which 85 protein-coding genes were annotated in at least one of the five reference databases. In the repeat analysis, 23 forward, 15 palindromic, one complement, one reverse long repeats, and 221 putative SSRs were identified. The results of genome comparison showed that the large single copy region (LSC) region was more divergent than the small single copy region (SSC) and inverted repeated (IR) regions, and a higher divergence occurred in non-coding regions than in coding regions. Significant contractions or expansions were also observed at the IR-LSC/SSC boundaries. Phylogenetic analysis of 20 Salicaceae species confirmed that C. arbutifolia is closely related to Salix species and may therefore be treated as a member of the genus Salix. The complete C. arbutifolia chloroplast genome will provide insight into the chloroplast architecture, function, and evolution of this species and provide additional resources for future research.","PeriodicalId":48954,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43490973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is expected that climate change as well as abiotic and anthropogenic disturbances will strongly influence temperate forests. Besides changes in the main climate variables, various disturbance factors may significantly worsen conditions for mesic Slovenian forests (SE Europe) dominated by European beech (Fagus sylvatica), Norway spruce (Picea abies) and European silver fir (Abies alba). In Slovenia, the climate has warmed in recent decades, with an average annual rate of increase of about 0.4°C per decade or even more than 0.5°C per decade in summer. In addition, disturbances have caused considerable damage to trees in the most extensive forest types in Slovenia, starting with a widespread ice storm in 2014, followed by bark beetle outbreaks, windthrows and salvage logging interventions. After 2014, salvage logging increased from about one third to two thirds of the total annual felling. Over the last two decades, we have observed a decline in Norway spruce growing stock, with the highest rate of decrease in areas below 500 m a.s.l., and an increasing trend for European beech. Overall, the three dominant species (beech, spruce, silver fir), which together account for more than 70% of the total growing stock, have shown a declining trend over the last 20 years. The patterns observed are broadly consistent with earlier predictions developed for different climate change scenarios and with those reported in many other European countries. Adaptive forest management, which implements close-to-nature silviculture, has been traditionally practised in the region under study and has the potential to play an important role in reducing the risks associated with the impacts of climate change and disturbances in the future.
{"title":"Climate change and disturbances will shape future temperate forests in the transition zone between Central and SE Europe","authors":"L. Kutnar, Janez Kermavnar, Anže Martin Pintar","doi":"10.15287/afr.2021.2111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2021.2111","url":null,"abstract":"It is expected that climate change as well as abiotic and anthropogenic disturbances will strongly influence temperate forests. Besides changes in the main climate variables, various disturbance factors may significantly worsen conditions for mesic Slovenian forests (SE Europe) dominated by European beech (Fagus sylvatica), Norway spruce (Picea abies) and European silver fir (Abies alba). In Slovenia, the climate has warmed in recent decades, with an average annual rate of increase of about 0.4°C per decade or even more than 0.5°C per decade in summer. In addition, disturbances have caused considerable damage to trees in the most extensive forest types in Slovenia, starting with a widespread ice storm in 2014, followed by bark beetle outbreaks, windthrows and salvage logging interventions. After 2014, salvage logging increased from about one third to two thirds of the total annual felling. Over the last two decades, we have observed a decline in Norway spruce growing stock, with the highest rate of decrease in areas below 500 m a.s.l., and an increasing trend for European beech. Overall, the three dominant species (beech, spruce, silver fir), which together account for more than 70% of the total growing stock, have shown a declining trend over the last 20 years. The patterns observed are broadly consistent with earlier predictions developed for different climate change scenarios and with those reported in many other European countries. Adaptive forest management, which implements close-to-nature silviculture, has been traditionally practised in the region under study and has the potential to play an important role in reducing the risks associated with the impacts of climate change and disturbances in the future.","PeriodicalId":48954,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49636188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Ducci, A. De Rogatis, R. Proietti, A. Curtu, M. Marchi, P. Belletti
Understanding tree species responses to climate change is crucial for preserving biodiversity especially in Southern Europe hot spots where Abies alba is widely spread. Three Apennine silver fir populations, Pigelleto (PIG), La Verna (LV) and Bocca Trabaria (BT), ensured gene flows in interglacial periods between the two phylogenetically different groups of northern and southern Apennines. These stands were analysed (nuclear and chloroplast SSRs) with the aim to establish a baseline for their future management in view of the expected changes. The three forests were tested for the Centre-Periphery Hypothesis (CPH) compared to forty-five Italian populations. At the same time, permanent areas were surveyed within LV and PIG on dominant (a) and dominated or natural regeneration (r) tree layers, and on age classes. In two consecutive years, spring cambial phenology activity was also weekly monitored on microcores, and critical phenology dates recorded. The stands matched CPH only partially, showing different phylogenetic history and their bridging between northern and southern groups of silver fir populations was confirmed. LV was distinct from PIG and BT. The within-population variance component was significantly high, and no narrow relatedness was observed between dominant and dominated/regeneration spatially closer trees, and genetic parameters were comparable in both layers at LV and PIG. In both stands, older age classes ensured natural regeneration. Cambium phenology was highly variable within populations, consistently to other Mediterranean conifers, and highly sensitive to local and year’s conditions and monitoring will improve population’s adaptive capacity detection. Shelterwood-system silvicultural treatments are suggested on small areas to drive the demographic and panmictic balance towards an uneven-aged more resilient structure, and iterated monitoring will help to adapt the forest management to the isotherm shift.
{"title":"Establishing a baseline to monitor future climate-change-effects on peripheral populations of Abies alba (Mill.) in central Apennines","authors":"F. Ducci, A. De Rogatis, R. Proietti, A. Curtu, M. Marchi, P. Belletti","doi":"10.15287/afr.2021.2281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2021.2281","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding tree species responses to climate change is crucial for preserving biodiversity especially in Southern Europe hot spots where Abies alba is widely spread. Three Apennine silver fir populations, Pigelleto (PIG), La Verna (LV) and Bocca Trabaria (BT), ensured gene flows in interglacial periods between the two phylogenetically different groups of northern and southern Apennines. These stands were analysed (nuclear and chloroplast SSRs) with the aim to establish a baseline for their future management in view of the expected changes. The three forests were tested for the Centre-Periphery Hypothesis (CPH) compared to forty-five Italian populations. At the same time, permanent areas were surveyed within LV and PIG on dominant (a) and dominated or natural regeneration (r) tree layers, and on age classes. In two consecutive years, spring cambial phenology activity was also weekly monitored on microcores, and critical phenology dates recorded. The stands matched CPH only partially, showing different phylogenetic history and their bridging between northern and southern groups of silver fir populations was confirmed. LV was distinct from PIG and BT. The within-population variance component was significantly high, and no narrow relatedness was observed between dominant and dominated/regeneration spatially closer trees, and genetic parameters were comparable in both layers at LV and PIG. In both stands, older age classes ensured natural regeneration. Cambium phenology was highly variable within populations, consistently to other Mediterranean conifers, and highly sensitive to local and year’s conditions and monitoring will improve population’s adaptive capacity detection. Shelterwood-system silvicultural treatments are suggested on small areas to drive the demographic and panmictic balance towards an uneven-aged more resilient structure, and iterated monitoring will help to adapt the forest management to the isotherm shift.","PeriodicalId":48954,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44584514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A few studies on log auction sales have addressed competition and cooperation among seller enterprises. Interactions among state forest enterprises in the same or neighboring regions have been neglected. This study aimed to determine the extent of competitive and cooperative relationships among forest enterprises (FEs) in relation to the prices of Austrian pine (Pinus nigra), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), and fir (Abies sp.) log sales by auction. The study investigated log sales between 2017 and 2018 conducted by 26 FEs in Turkey. Competitive and cooperative relations among FEs, based on auction time, volume and prices, were tested via correlation and multiple regression analysis. The results indicate that an FE may display competitive or cooperative relationships with other FEs, regardless of whether or not such FEs are border neighbors. We determined that an FE may compete with another FE in one log type, while cooperating in another wood type. Our study shows that log sales revenues of some FEs can be increased by changing the length of time between the sales of two FEs, by not holding the sales of two FEs on the same day, and by differentiating the volume of rival and complementary wood types. Our study found that better management of competition and solidarity between forest enterprises would help create more financial resources for sustainable forest management without having to harvest more trees.
{"title":"Interactions among forest enterprises: Do they compete or cooperate with sales by auction on log prices?","authors":"G. Kaya, Kenan Ok","doi":"10.15287/afr.2021.2182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2021.2182","url":null,"abstract":"A few studies on log auction sales have addressed competition and cooperation among seller enterprises. Interactions among state forest enterprises in the same or neighboring regions have been neglected. This study aimed to determine the extent of competitive and cooperative relationships among forest enterprises (FEs) in relation to the prices of Austrian pine (Pinus nigra), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), and fir (Abies sp.) log sales by auction. The study investigated log sales between 2017 and 2018 conducted by 26 FEs in Turkey. Competitive and cooperative relations among FEs, based on auction time, volume and prices, were tested via correlation and multiple regression analysis. The results indicate that an FE may display competitive or cooperative relationships with other FEs, regardless of whether or not such FEs are border neighbors. We determined that an FE may compete with another FE in one log type, while cooperating in another wood type. Our study shows that log sales revenues of some FEs can be increased by changing the length of time between the sales of two FEs, by not holding the sales of two FEs on the same day, and by differentiating the volume of rival and complementary wood types. Our study found that better management of competition and solidarity between forest enterprises would help create more financial resources for sustainable forest management without having to harvest more trees.","PeriodicalId":48954,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41749871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Understanding the water-holding capacity of the litter layer is of interest when constructing forest hydrology models, where the presence of litter affects soil moisture content and fire behavior. However, to understand the process of water storage in the litter layer it is not only important to know (i) how much water the litter layer can store, but also (ii) how much water particular litter components can store. Little is known about the role of organic matter chemistry in water absorption and saturation of its internal capillarity. We hypothesized that water absorption of freshly fallen organic matter changes with stand age and during the year, i.e. the term when organic matter falls (month of the year or season) affects its water absorbability. Thus, we determined seasonal changes in water absorption time, carbon and nitrogen contents, and the C/N ratio of bark and needles taken from Scots pine stands of different ages during laboratory tests. Pine needles and bark were collected every month for one year in five stands in north-western Poland. The time of water absorption for bark was about 30% shorter than that of needles. The age of the stand did not affect the time of water absorption in the litterfall components. We observed that the term when litter falls (month of the year or season) significantly affected the water absorption time. It indicates that organic matter reaching the forest floor and forming the litter layer is characterized by different output properties affecting the water storage capacity of the litter layer.
{"title":"Seasonal changes in water absorbability of some litterfall compoSeasonal changes in water absorbability of some litterfall components in Scots pine stands differing in agenents in Scots pine stands differing in age","authors":"A. Ilek, Malwina Nowak, Ewa Błoska","doi":"10.15287/afr.2021.2260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2021.2260","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the water-holding capacity of the litter layer is of interest when constructing forest hydrology models, where the presence of litter affects soil moisture content and fire behavior. However, to understand the process of water storage in the litter layer it is not only important to know (i) how much water the litter layer can store, but also (ii) how much water particular litter components can store. Little is known about the role of organic matter chemistry in water absorption and saturation of its internal capillarity. We hypothesized that water absorption of freshly fallen organic matter changes with stand age and during the year, i.e. the term when organic matter falls (month of the year or season) affects its water absorbability. Thus, we determined seasonal changes in water absorption time, carbon and nitrogen contents, and the C/N ratio of bark and needles taken from Scots pine stands of different ages during laboratory tests. Pine needles and bark were collected every month for one year in five stands in north-western Poland. The time of water absorption for bark was about 30% shorter than that of needles. The age of the stand did not affect the time of water absorption in the litterfall components. We observed that the term when litter falls (month of the year or season) significantly affected the water absorption time. It indicates that organic matter reaching the forest floor and forming the litter layer is characterized by different output properties affecting the water storage capacity of the litter layer.","PeriodicalId":48954,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42968094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The parameters of the probability density function (PDF) may be estimated using the parameter prediction method (PPM) and the parameter recovery method (PRM). However, these methods can suffer from accuracy issues. We developed and evaluated the prediction accuracy of two PPMs (stepwise regression model and dummy variable model) and an artificial neural network (ANN) to predict diameter distribution using data collected from 188 oak forest plots. The results demonstrated that the Weibull distribution performed well in fitting the diameter distribution. Compared with the stepwise regression model, the PPM model with stand type as a dummy variable reduced the predictional errors in estimating the parameters b and c of the Weibull distribution, but the prediction accuracy of the diameter distribution showed no significant improvement. Compared with the two PPM models, the ANN model with diameter class (C), average diameter (D) and stand type (T) as input variables decreased the RRMSE by 2.9% and 4.33% in estimating diameter distribution, respectively. The satisfactory prediction accuracy and simple model structure indicated that an ANN worked well for the prediction of the diameter distribution with few requirements and high practicality.
{"title":"Developing a new model for predicting the diameter distribution of oak forests using an artificial neural network","authors":"Shisheng Long, Siqi Zeng, Guangxing Wang","doi":"10.15287/afr.2021.2060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2021.2060","url":null,"abstract":"The parameters of the probability density function (PDF) may be estimated using the parameter prediction method (PPM) and the parameter recovery method (PRM). However, these methods can suffer from accuracy issues. We developed and evaluated the prediction accuracy of two PPMs (stepwise regression model and dummy variable model) and an artificial neural network (ANN) to predict diameter distribution using data collected from 188 oak forest plots. The results demonstrated that the Weibull distribution performed well in fitting the diameter distribution. Compared with the stepwise regression model, the PPM model with stand type as a dummy variable reduced the predictional errors in estimating the parameters b and c of the Weibull distribution, but the prediction accuracy of the diameter distribution showed no significant improvement. Compared with the two PPM models, the ANN model with diameter class (C), average diameter (D) and stand type (T) as input variables decreased the RRMSE by 2.9% and 4.33% in estimating diameter distribution, respectively. The satisfactory prediction accuracy and simple model structure indicated that an ANN worked well for the prediction of the diameter distribution with few requirements and high practicality.","PeriodicalId":48954,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45427323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Chmura, R. Rożkowski, M. Guzicka, Klaudia Dorobek
Increasing growth and biomass accumulation in forest stands may positively contribute to carbon (C) sequestration and climate change mitigation. Tree improvement programs develop planting material with enhanced growth and biomass accumulation. Scots pine is commonly planted in Europe, and provides a potential for increased C accumulation in forest biomass when using improved seed origins. Our objective was to investigate variation in standing aboveground C accumulation among the progeny of Scots pine seed orchards in climatically variable environments, where we also compared the amount of accumulated C between the tested populations and commercial stands. The aboveground biomass of trees in two series of replicated common garden trials was estimated with eight allometric equations, converted into C, and expressed per unit area. For each trial site we selected reference stands matching the age, stand composition and forest site type, where the same measurements and calculations were done on sample plots. We specifically expected to find the progeny that would express better growth and greater accumulation of C in their biomass when compared to the reference stands. Significant and large variation was found among the examined seed sources and trial sites. On average, aboveground C accumulation varied among sites from 31.0 to 60.4 Mg ha-1 (age 22) and from 25.5 to 34.0 Mg ha-1 (age 17). Differences between populations at individual sites ranged from 41% to 55% (age 22), and from 29% to 54% (age 17). However, only a few of the investigated progeny had C accumulation significantly greater than the reference stands, and some had a lower C accumulation, depending on the study site. This study for the first time quantifies the amount of and variation in aboveground C accumulation among the progeny of Scots pine clonal and seedling seed orchards in Poland. It also contributes to the knowledge of the patterns of within-species variation in growth and biomass accumulation. Variation we found is promising for the potential to enhance C sequestration in forest stands through tree improvement. However, the lower C accumulation or non-significant differences between research trials and reference stands, indicate that the level of growth enhancement from phenotypic selection practiced so far in Polish forestry is limited. For increased C sequestration in planted forests, selection would need to be intensified.
{"title":"Variation in aboveground biomass carbon accumulation in Scots pine seed orchards progeny","authors":"D. Chmura, R. Rożkowski, M. Guzicka, Klaudia Dorobek","doi":"10.15287/afr.2021.2062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2021.2062","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing growth and biomass accumulation in forest stands may positively contribute to carbon (C) sequestration and climate change mitigation. Tree improvement programs develop planting material with enhanced growth and biomass accumulation. Scots pine is commonly planted in Europe, and provides a potential for increased C accumulation in forest biomass when using improved seed origins. Our objective was to investigate variation in standing aboveground C accumulation among the progeny of Scots pine seed orchards in climatically variable environments, where we also compared the amount of accumulated C between the tested populations and commercial stands. The aboveground biomass of trees in two series of replicated common garden trials was estimated with eight allometric equations, converted into C, and expressed per unit area. For each trial site we selected reference stands matching the age, stand composition and forest site type, where the same measurements and calculations were done on sample plots. We specifically expected to find the progeny that would express better growth and greater accumulation of C in their biomass when compared to the reference stands. Significant and large variation was found among the examined seed sources and trial sites. On average, aboveground C accumulation varied among sites from 31.0 to 60.4 Mg ha-1 (age 22) and from 25.5 to 34.0 Mg ha-1 (age 17). Differences between populations at individual sites ranged from 41% to 55% (age 22), and from 29% to 54% (age 17). However, only a few of the investigated progeny had C accumulation significantly greater than the reference stands, and some had a lower C accumulation, depending on the study site. This study for the first time quantifies the amount of and variation in aboveground C accumulation among the progeny of Scots pine clonal and seedling seed orchards in Poland. It also contributes to the knowledge of the patterns of within-species variation in growth and biomass accumulation. Variation we found is promising for the potential to enhance C sequestration in forest stands through tree improvement. However, the lower C accumulation or non-significant differences between research trials and reference stands, indicate that the level of growth enhancement from phenotypic selection practiced so far in Polish forestry is limited. For increased C sequestration in planted forests, selection would need to be intensified.","PeriodicalId":48954,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48287592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masendra Masendra, B. A. V. Purba, Lies Indrayanti, G. Lukmandaru
Uncaria acida (red bajakah) and Uncaria glabrata (white bajakah) belong to the liana woody species. Both are naturally cultivated in Indonesia, particularly in Kalimantan (Borneo) island. This study, aims to investigate the extractive composition of U. acida and U. glabrata wood considering that extracts from different lianas usually are used as anticancer drugs (breast cancer). The phenolic, alkaloid, and saponin contents were measured by colorimetric and GC-MS methods, while the antioxidant, antifungal, and cytotoxicity were investigated using DPPH, Phanerochaete chrysosporium (white-rot), and brine shrimp lethality tests, respectively. The results showed that the total tannins, phenols, and saponins in U. acida were higher compared to U. glabrata, while the total flavonoids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, and antioxidant activity was lower. The GC-MS analysis indicated the presence of aromatic compounds, fatty acids, and triterpenoids in both species. High concentration of phenols, alkaloids, saponins, fatty acids, and steroids are known to provide support in terms of antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and antifungal activities.
{"title":"Extractive composition and bioactivity of Uncaria acida and Uncaria glabrata wood","authors":"Masendra Masendra, B. A. V. Purba, Lies Indrayanti, G. Lukmandaru","doi":"10.15287/afr.2021.1979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2021.1979","url":null,"abstract":"Uncaria acida (red bajakah) and Uncaria glabrata (white bajakah) belong to the liana woody species. Both are naturally cultivated in Indonesia, particularly in Kalimantan (Borneo) island. This study, aims to investigate the extractive composition of U. acida and U. glabrata wood considering that extracts from different lianas usually are used as anticancer drugs (breast cancer). The phenolic, alkaloid, and saponin contents were measured by colorimetric and GC-MS methods, while the antioxidant, antifungal, and cytotoxicity were investigated using DPPH, Phanerochaete chrysosporium (white-rot), and brine shrimp lethality tests, respectively. The results showed that the total tannins, phenols, and saponins in U. acida were higher compared to U. glabrata, while the total flavonoids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, and antioxidant activity was lower. The GC-MS analysis indicated the presence of aromatic compounds, fatty acids, and triterpenoids in both species. High concentration of phenols, alkaloids, saponins, fatty acids, and steroids are known to provide support in terms of antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and antifungal activities.","PeriodicalId":48954,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41321948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Budeanu, E. Apostol, Raul Gheorghe Radu, L. Ionita
The aim of our study was to analyze the stability traits between 33 Norway spruce provenances tested in five field trials across different environmental conditions, in two major variants of the Romanian Carpathians: outside of the natural distribution range (ONR) and in the natural habitat (INR). To justify the early selection, we selected 40-year-old trees and measured tree height (Th), breast height diameter, pruning height, crown diameter, tree volume, tree slenderness (Ts), pruning height ratio, and crown slenderness, which were then compared on a time series with measurements from trees at 30 and 10 years old, respectively. All provenances reacted to the changes in the environmental conditions, presenting higher Th in the warmer ONR environments, compared with the results of the mountain INR trials, with negative consequences on the stand's stability. In all trials, highly significant differences resulted between, and especially within provenances, suggesting a high potential for adaptation in the future climate change scenario. An analysis of the stability traits suggests that we must avoid ONR afforestation with Norway spruce. All the elite provenances (Marginea, Gurghiu, Comandău, and Sudrigiu), together with Câmpeni and Turda, were highlighted, both for the stability and growth traits, whereas the local provenances and the standard IUFRO provenance were ranked below the average of the trials. The age-age significant correlations and the ranking of the provenances show that no major changes occurred in the last ten years, confirming the backward selection performed at the age of 30 years. The juvenile–mature correlations were also strong but the different evolutions in time of the elite provenances eliminate the possibility of a juvenile selection. The forward selection strategy, for the best trees belonging to the six mentioned provenances, according to Ts, can be applied in the INR trials.
{"title":"Genetic variability and juvenile–adult correlations of Norway spruce (Picea abies ) provenances, tested in multisite comparative trials","authors":"M. Budeanu, E. Apostol, Raul Gheorghe Radu, L. Ionita","doi":"10.15287/afr.2021.2122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2021.2122","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of our study was to analyze the stability traits between 33 Norway spruce provenances tested in five field trials across different environmental conditions, in two major variants of the Romanian Carpathians: outside of the natural distribution range (ONR) and in the natural habitat (INR). To justify the early selection, we selected 40-year-old trees and measured tree height (Th), breast height diameter, pruning height, crown diameter, tree volume, tree slenderness (Ts), pruning height ratio, and crown slenderness, which were then compared on a time series with measurements from trees at 30 and 10 years old, respectively. All provenances reacted to the changes in the environmental conditions, presenting higher Th in the warmer ONR environments, compared with the results of the mountain INR trials, with negative consequences on the stand's stability. In all trials, highly significant differences resulted between, and especially within provenances, suggesting a high potential for adaptation in the future climate change scenario. An analysis of the stability traits suggests that we must avoid ONR afforestation with Norway spruce. All the elite provenances (Marginea, Gurghiu, Comandău, and Sudrigiu), together with Câmpeni and Turda, were highlighted, both for the stability and growth traits, whereas the local provenances and the standard IUFRO provenance were ranked below the average of the trials. The age-age significant correlations and the ranking of the provenances show that no major changes occurred in the last ten years, confirming the backward selection performed at the age of 30 years. The juvenile–mature correlations were also strong but the different evolutions in time of the elite provenances eliminate the possibility of a juvenile selection. The forward selection strategy, for the best trees belonging to the six mentioned provenances, according to Ts, can be applied in the INR trials.","PeriodicalId":48954,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43534715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Pelleri, C. Becagli, D. Sansone, E. Bianchetto, C. Bidini, M. Manetti
Traditional thinning and stand silviculture had positive effects on tree stability, stand efficiency and tree growth if compared to the lack of management. Nevertheless, the tree oriented silviculture has proven to be a type of management best meets the multifunctionality pourpouses required by forests today. In Italy beech high forests are generally managed with traditional thinning from below ascribable to stand silviculture; in the last decades tree oriented silviculture, an innovative management system is spreading in Europe. The aim of the study is to compare two thinning types applied in two localities of central Italy, in beech stands deriving from shelterwood system, aged 45-50 years: stand silviculture (SS), tree-silviculure (TS) and control (C). All trees were periodically measured in order to assess growth, mortality and production from 2008 onwards. Crop trees DBH, selected for each silvicultural approach, was annually measured while, an evaluation of the stem quality, crown development and stability were carried out between the 1st and last thinnings. Differences in vertical and horizontal diversity stand structures were assessed. Results pointed out similar growth rate at stand level; while a superior growth in diameter, in dimension of the crown and stability of the crop trees were observed in TS. The TS has proven to be the management option that best meets the multifunctionality required by forests today.
{"title":"New silvicultural approaches for multipurpose management in beech forests","authors":"F. Pelleri, C. Becagli, D. Sansone, E. Bianchetto, C. Bidini, M. Manetti","doi":"10.15287/afr.2021.2226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2021.2226","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional thinning and stand silviculture had positive effects on tree stability, stand efficiency and tree growth if compared to the lack of management. Nevertheless, the tree oriented silviculture has proven to be a type of management best meets the multifunctionality pourpouses required by forests today. In Italy beech high forests are generally managed with traditional thinning from below ascribable to stand silviculture; in the last decades tree oriented silviculture, an innovative management system is spreading in Europe. The aim of the study is to compare two thinning types applied in two localities of central Italy, in beech stands deriving from shelterwood system, aged 45-50 years: stand silviculture (SS), tree-silviculure (TS) and control (C). All trees were periodically measured in order to assess growth, mortality and production from 2008 onwards. Crop trees DBH, selected for each silvicultural approach, was annually measured while, an evaluation of the stem quality, crown development and stability were carried out between the 1st and last thinnings. Differences in vertical and horizontal diversity stand structures were assessed. Results pointed out similar growth rate at stand level; while a superior growth in diameter, in dimension of the crown and stability of the crop trees were observed in TS. The TS has proven to be the management option that best meets the multifunctionality required by forests today.","PeriodicalId":48954,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47105009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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