Yu Wang, Senxian Hong, Shengzuo Fang, Guangcai Cui
Thinning is widely employed in forest management to improve productivity, protect forest biodiversity and maintain ecosystem functions. Here a thinning experiment with four treatments (unthinned, CK; 30% tree removal from below, MB; 50% tree removal by interlaced thinning, HI; and 50% tree removal from below, HB ) was set up in the poplar plantation, while a followed decomposition experiment with four litter types was conducted under the poplar plantations of undergoing four thinning treatments using the litterbag technique. Thinning affected the microclimate, but only the heavy thinning (HI and HB) significantly enhanced photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and soil moisture in the plantations during the growing season. Thinning promoted understory vegetation biomass and vegetation diversity via modifying the microclimate parameters. Pearson correlation analysis showed that PPFD and understory herbaceous biomass were significantly correlated to Shannon-Weiner diversity index. Both thinning intensity and litter type significantly affected the litter remaining mass over times. Overall, increasing thinning intensity and litter complexity enhanced decay rate, while reduced half live (t0.5) and t0.95 values. Correlation analysis showed that air relative humidity, soil temperature, air temperature and soil moisture significantly influenced the litter mass loss rates. Non-additive (synergistic) effects were observed when different litters were mixed, but the non-additive effect was most pronounced when more herbaceous species litter were mixed with poplar leaves and 50% thinning intensity was applied. Dynamics of nutrient release from different litter types were similar to those on the litter mass lose, depending on the litter quality and microclimatic conditions. Our results suggest that a thinning operation with 50% tree removal from below (HB) would maintain the structural and functional features of the poplar plantations at the similar sites.
{"title":"Thinning promotes litter decomposition and nutrient release in poplar plantations via altering the microclimate and understory plant diversity","authors":"Yu Wang, Senxian Hong, Shengzuo Fang, Guangcai Cui","doi":"10.15287/afr.2023.2231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2023.2231","url":null,"abstract":"Thinning is widely employed in forest management to improve productivity, protect forest biodiversity and maintain ecosystem functions. Here a thinning experiment with four treatments (unthinned, CK; 30% tree removal from below, MB; 50% tree removal by interlaced thinning, HI; and 50% tree removal from below, HB ) was set up in the poplar plantation, while a followed decomposition experiment with four litter types was conducted under the poplar plantations of undergoing four thinning treatments using the litterbag technique. Thinning affected the microclimate, but only the heavy thinning (HI and HB) significantly enhanced photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and soil moisture in the plantations during the growing season. Thinning promoted understory vegetation biomass and vegetation diversity via modifying the microclimate parameters. Pearson correlation analysis showed that PPFD and understory herbaceous biomass were significantly correlated to Shannon-Weiner diversity index. Both thinning intensity and litter type significantly affected the litter remaining mass over times. Overall, increasing thinning intensity and litter complexity enhanced decay rate, while reduced half live (t0.5) and t0.95 values. Correlation analysis showed that air relative humidity, soil temperature, air temperature and soil moisture significantly influenced the litter mass loss rates. Non-additive (synergistic) effects were observed when different litters were mixed, but the non-additive effect was most pronounced when more herbaceous species litter were mixed with poplar leaves and 50% thinning intensity was applied. Dynamics of nutrient release from different litter types were similar to those on the litter mass lose, depending on the litter quality and microclimatic conditions. Our results suggest that a thinning operation with 50% tree removal from below (HB) would maintain the structural and functional features of the poplar plantations at the similar sites.","PeriodicalId":48954,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135806852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The decomposition of deadwood plays a very important role in the functioning of the forest ecosystem. The present study was conducted with the objectives to: (1) determine the amount of deadwood respiration depending on species and degree of decomposition; (2) determine the extent of the impact of decomposing wood on the amount of respiration in surrounding soil; (3) find a relationship between the amount of respiration and the chemical fractional composition of soil organic matter. Our research has shown that respiration of decaying wood samples was 2-3 times lower compared to soil, regardless of the type of wood and the degree of wood decomposition. The conducted analyses confirmed the influence of the species of wood and the degree of decomposition on the respiration rate in wood samples. More decomposed wood (4th and 5th degree of decomposition) releases more CO2 compared to less decomposed wood and the highest CO2 emissions were recorded for aspen and alder wood. Better understanding of the mechanisms and factors affecting CO2 emissions in forest ecosystem can help reduce climate change.
{"title":"Emissions of CO2 from downed logs of different species and the surrounding soil in temperate forest","authors":"Ewa Błoska, Wojciech Piaszczyk, J. Lasota","doi":"10.15287/afr.2022.2386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2022.2386","url":null,"abstract":"The decomposition of deadwood plays a very important role in the functioning of the forest ecosystem. The present study was conducted with the objectives to: (1) determine the amount of deadwood respiration depending on species and degree of decomposition; (2) determine the extent of the impact of decomposing wood on the amount of respiration in surrounding soil; (3) find a relationship between the amount of respiration and the chemical fractional composition of soil organic matter. Our research has shown that respiration of decaying wood samples was 2-3 times lower compared to soil, regardless of the type of wood and the degree of wood decomposition. The conducted analyses confirmed the influence of the species of wood and the degree of decomposition on the respiration rate in wood samples. More decomposed wood (4th and 5th degree of decomposition) releases more CO2 compared to less decomposed wood and the highest CO2 emissions were recorded for aspen and alder wood. Better understanding of the mechanisms and factors affecting CO2 emissions in forest ecosystem can help reduce climate change.","PeriodicalId":48954,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41512226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Jaworski, R. Plewa, Aleksander Dziuk, L. Sukovata
With the increasing threat to forests in Europe from the invasive pine wood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, effective methods are needed to monitor and reduce populations of its insect vector, the pine sawyer beetle Monochamus galloprovincialis. In the present study, we tested the effectiveness of different trap types (multiple-funnel, cross-vane, and triangular), colours (black, white and clear), and lubricant (polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE) treatments (different PTFE formulations and timing of trap treatment) on the catches of M. galloprovincialis and three most commonly captured non-target beetle species (the xylophagous Spondylis buprestoides and two predators, Thanasimus formicarius and T. femoralis) in Poland. Of the traps not treated with PTFE, the white and black 6-funnel traps were most effective in trapping M. galloprovincialis beetles, while the catches in the cross-vane traps (both white and clear) were low. Trap treatment with PTFE significantly increased trap effectiveness, regardless of PTFE type and time of application. The catches of S. buprestoides were affected by trap type, while those of T. formicarius depended on trap colour and size. Both species seem to respond positively to ethanol and/or α-pinene in the lure composition. PTFE treatment had a significant effect on the catches of T. femoralis. In conclusion, for the monitoring of M. galloprovincialis, we recommend the white cross-vane traps treated with dry PTFE. They are less but still effective in catching the target species, while their use, together with lures containing no ethanol and α-pinene, greatly reduces the catches of non-target insects S. buprestoides and T. formicarius.
{"title":"Different responses of Monochamus galloprovincialis and three non-target species to trap type, colour, and lubricant treatment","authors":"T. Jaworski, R. Plewa, Aleksander Dziuk, L. Sukovata","doi":"10.15287/afr.2022.2359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2022.2359","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing threat to forests in Europe from the invasive pine wood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, effective methods are needed to monitor and reduce populations of its insect vector, the pine sawyer beetle Monochamus galloprovincialis. In the present study, we tested the effectiveness of different trap types (multiple-funnel, cross-vane, and triangular), colours (black, white and clear), and lubricant (polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE) treatments (different PTFE formulations and timing of trap treatment) on the catches of M. galloprovincialis and three most commonly captured non-target beetle species (the xylophagous Spondylis buprestoides and two predators, Thanasimus formicarius and T. femoralis) in Poland. Of the traps not treated with PTFE, the white and black 6-funnel traps were most effective in trapping M. galloprovincialis beetles, while the catches in the cross-vane traps (both white and clear) were low. Trap treatment with PTFE significantly increased trap effectiveness, regardless of PTFE type and time of application. The catches of S. buprestoides were affected by trap type, while those of T. formicarius depended on trap colour and size. Both species seem to respond positively to ethanol and/or α-pinene in the lure composition. PTFE treatment had a significant effect on the catches of T. femoralis. In conclusion, for the monitoring of M. galloprovincialis, we recommend the white cross-vane traps treated with dry PTFE. They are less but still effective in catching the target species, while their use, together with lures containing no ethanol and α-pinene, greatly reduces the catches of non-target insects S. buprestoides and T. formicarius.","PeriodicalId":48954,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46555992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Romulus Oprica, N. Tudose, S. Davidescu, Mihai Zup, Mirabela Marin, Adina Nicoleta Comănici, Maria Nicoleta Criț, Diana Pitar
Urban green spaces (public gardens, parks, urban and peri-urban forests) offer multiple-use opportunities and spaces for recreational activities and played a key role in supporting mental and physical health of dwellers during covid-19 pandemic, being ones of few places where outdoor and social activities where allowed. This study was conducted in Brașov city (also known as Kronstadt, by its German name), the second largest metropolitan area of Romania and surrounded by a significant area of peri-urban forests in Transylvania. Brașov city own just 5.62 sqm of urban green space/inhabitant, one of the lowest in the country, so the presence of a large peri-urban forest area become very valuable for locals and tourists visiting the area. Due to its importance and because understanding visitors' expectations and perceptions is a key element to support decision-makers and ensure proper management of these forests, the Brașov’s forests administrator (Kronstadt Local Public Forest District – RPLPK) decided to investigate how dwellers generally interact with the peri-urban forests and to identify opportunities for improving the capacity of forests in providing social and recreational services. Data were collected through the administration of CAWI (computer assisted web interview) to 314 respondents at beginning of 2021, at exactly one year distance after the pandemic lockdown was imposed all around the country. Analyzing the participants responses, a surprising fact become evident: the use of peri-urban forest is not gender equal, women being less able than men to access these green natural spaces and, therefore, to uptake the benefits provided by the peri-urban forests.
{"title":"Gender inequalities in Transylvania's largest peri-urban forest usage","authors":"Romulus Oprica, N. Tudose, S. Davidescu, Mihai Zup, Mirabela Marin, Adina Nicoleta Comănici, Maria Nicoleta Criț, Diana Pitar","doi":"10.15287/afr.2022.2757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2022.2757","url":null,"abstract":"Urban green spaces (public gardens, parks, urban and peri-urban forests) offer multiple-use opportunities and spaces for recreational activities and played a key role in supporting mental and physical health of dwellers during covid-19 pandemic, being ones of few places where outdoor and social activities where allowed. This study was conducted in Brașov city (also known as Kronstadt, by its German name), the second largest metropolitan area of Romania and surrounded by a significant area of peri-urban forests in Transylvania. Brașov city own just 5.62 sqm of urban green space/inhabitant, one of the lowest in the country, so the presence of a large peri-urban forest area become very valuable for locals and tourists visiting the area. Due to its importance and because understanding visitors' expectations and perceptions is a key element to support decision-makers and ensure proper management of these forests, the Brașov’s forests administrator (Kronstadt Local Public Forest District – RPLPK) decided to investigate how dwellers generally interact with the peri-urban forests and to identify opportunities for improving the capacity of forests in providing social and recreational services. Data were collected through the administration of CAWI (computer assisted web interview) to 314 respondents at beginning of 2021, at exactly one year distance after the pandemic lockdown was imposed all around the country. Analyzing the participants responses, a surprising fact become evident: the use of peri-urban forest is not gender equal, women being less able than men to access these green natural spaces and, therefore, to uptake the benefits provided by the peri-urban forests.","PeriodicalId":48954,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43808170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Skydan, T. Fedoniuk, Оleksandr S. Mozharovskii, О. В. Zhukov, A. Zymaroieva, Viktor M. Pazych, Vitaliy V. Hurelia, T. Melnychuk
This article considers the application of remote sensing data to solve the problems of forestry in the Polissia zone (Ukraine). The satellite remote sensing was shown to be applicable to monitoring the damage caused by diseases and pests to forest resources and to assessing the effects of fires. During the research, a detailed analysis and optimization of the information content of Sentinel-2 long-term data sets was performed to detect changes in the forest cover of Polissia, affected by pests and damaged by fires. The following classification algorithms were used for automated decryption: the maximum likelihood method; cluster classification without training; Principal Component Analysis (PCA); Random Forest classification. The results of this study indicate the high potential of Sentinel-2 data for application in applied problems of forestry and vegetation analysis, despite the decametric spatial resolution. Our proposed workflow has achieved an overall classification accuracy of 90 % for the Polissia region, indicating its reliability and potential for scaling to a higher level, and the proposed forecast model is stationary and does not depend on time parameters. To improve the classification results, testing of different combinations of bands emphasized the importance of Band 8 in combination with red edge bands, as well as other bands with a resolution of 10 m for summer scenes. The red margin shows clearly visible differences in the spectral profiles, but bands with a higher resolution of 10 m were crucial for good results.
{"title":"Monitoring tree mortality in Ukrainian Pinus sylvestris L. forests using remote sensing data from earth observing satellites","authors":"O. Skydan, T. Fedoniuk, Оleksandr S. Mozharovskii, О. В. Zhukov, A. Zymaroieva, Viktor M. Pazych, Vitaliy V. Hurelia, T. Melnychuk","doi":"10.15287/afr.2022.2328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2022.2328","url":null,"abstract":"This article considers the application of remote sensing data to solve the problems of forestry in the Polissia zone (Ukraine). The satellite remote sensing was shown to be applicable to monitoring the damage caused by diseases and pests to forest resources and to assessing the effects of fires. During the research, a detailed analysis and optimization of the information content of Sentinel-2 long-term data sets was performed to detect changes in the forest cover of Polissia, affected by pests and damaged by fires. The following classification algorithms were used for automated decryption: the maximum likelihood method; cluster classification without training; Principal Component Analysis (PCA); Random Forest classification. The results of this study indicate the high potential of Sentinel-2 data for application in applied problems of forestry and vegetation analysis, despite the decametric spatial resolution. Our proposed workflow has achieved an overall classification accuracy of 90 % for the Polissia region, indicating its reliability and potential for scaling to a higher level, and the proposed forecast model is stationary and does not depend on time parameters. To improve the classification results, testing of different combinations of bands emphasized the importance of Band 8 in combination with red edge bands, as well as other bands with a resolution of 10 m for summer scenes. The red margin shows clearly visible differences in the spectral profiles, but bands with a higher resolution of 10 m were crucial for good results.","PeriodicalId":48954,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47726449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Information is highly scarce about the possible effect of a late spring frost on physiological response of buds in ornamental trees. In this study, spring temperature of Changchun at Northeast China was recorded to identify the characteristics of a false spring by detecting extraordinary warming and sudden freeze in early April of 2017. Buds of six local ornamental tree species were investigated for their dynamics in biomass, non-structural carbohydrates, frost resistance on days of 7, 14, 21, and 28 April 2017. According to a comparison with spring temperature records historically from 2007 to 2016, a false spring was determined. Black pine (Pinus tabuliformis var. mukdensis) had greater bud biomass than apricot (Prunus sibirica L.). Peach (Prunus persica L. var. persica f. rubro-plena Schneid.) reserved greater non-structural carbohydrate content in post-chilling buds than black pine, and apricot and willow (Salix babylonica L.) had greater soluble sugars and starch contents in buds, respectively. Cumulative number of days with temperature below 12°C had a negative relationship with relative conductance in sorbus (Sorbus pohuashanensis [Hance] Hedl.). Chokecherry (Padus virginiana ‘Canada Red’) had greatest bud starch content on 21 April. Overall, a late spring frost imposed interruption on carbohydrate metabolism rather than direct damage on buds of ornamental trees before late April. Advanced warming induced more pronounced negative impact of a false spring than the sudden decline of minimum temperature.
关于晚春霜冻对观赏树木芽生理反应的可能影响的信息非常稀少。本研究以东北长春市为研究对象，通过对2017年4月上旬异常升温和骤冻的探测，识别假春的特征。2017年4月7日、14日、21日和28日，对6种地方观赏树种芽的生物量、非结构性碳水化合物和抗冻性动态进行了研究。根据2007年至2016年的历史春季气温记录对比，确定为假春季。黑松(Pinus tabuliformis var. mukdensis)的芽生物量大于杏(Prunus sibirica L.)。桃树(Prunus persica L. ar. persica f. rubor -plena Schneid.)在冷冻后芽中保留的非结构碳水化合物含量高于黑松，杏和柳树(Salix babylonica L.)的芽中可溶性糖和淀粉含量分别高于黑松。温度低于12℃的累积日数与sorbus pohuashanensis [Hance] Hedl.)的相对电导率呈负相关。4月21日，甜樱桃(Padus virginia ' Canada Red ')的芽淀粉含量最高。总体而言，晚春霜冻在4月下旬之前对观赏树木的碳水化合物代谢造成中断，而不是直接损害。提前变暖对假春的负面影响比最低气温的突然下降更为显著。
{"title":"Biomass, carbohydrate, and leakage conductance in buds of six ornamental tree species subjected to a “false spring” in Northeast China","authors":"Xiaopei Wang, Lingquan Meng, Hongxu Wei","doi":"10.15287/afr.2022.2241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2022.2241","url":null,"abstract":"Information is highly scarce about the possible effect of a late spring frost on physiological response of buds in ornamental trees. In this study, spring temperature of Changchun at Northeast China was recorded to identify the characteristics of a false spring by detecting extraordinary warming and sudden freeze in early April of 2017. Buds of six local ornamental tree species were investigated for their dynamics in biomass, non-structural carbohydrates, frost resistance on days of 7, 14, 21, and 28 April 2017. According to a comparison with spring temperature records historically from 2007 to 2016, a false spring was determined. Black pine (Pinus tabuliformis var. mukdensis) had greater bud biomass than apricot (Prunus sibirica L.). Peach (Prunus persica L. var. persica f. rubro-plena Schneid.) reserved greater non-structural carbohydrate content in post-chilling buds than black pine, and apricot and willow (Salix babylonica L.) had greater soluble sugars and starch contents in buds, respectively. Cumulative number of days with temperature below 12°C had a negative relationship with relative conductance in sorbus (Sorbus pohuashanensis [Hance] Hedl.). Chokecherry (Padus virginiana ‘Canada Red’) had greatest bud starch content on 21 April. Overall, a late spring frost imposed interruption on carbohydrate metabolism rather than direct damage on buds of ornamental trees before late April. Advanced warming induced more pronounced negative impact of a false spring than the sudden decline of minimum temperature.","PeriodicalId":48954,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45497781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper analyses the cumulative effects of selective thinning and thinning from below on diameter and basal area increments of target trees after 25/26 years in 52, 69- and 86-year-old silver lime (Tilia tomentosa Moench) stands. Two target tree collectives were analysed: (1) elite trees selected between 1993–1994 from permanent sampling plots (selective thinning method), and (2) a ‘comparable collective’ of target trees selected in 2019 (25/26 years later) according to the same criteria as the elite trees, in the same stands thinned from below. Elite trees that were selectively thinned had: higher diameter, basal area and volume per tree, higher diameter and basal area increment for a given time period, and lower slenderness coefficients compared to the target trees that were thinned from below at 52 and 69 yr. While diameter increment decreases with age, and differences between elite trees of different ages are clearly delineated, diameter increments of trees thinned from below are not significantly different at 52 and 69 yr. In addition, basal area increment of trees is highest at 69 yr with selective thinning. When thinning from below, there were no significant differences in basal area increments between trees at 69 and 86 yr. Silver lime shows a strong growth response after selective thinning at ages 25/26 and 44 yr. However, our results show that this response is less pronounced when selective thinning begins at 61 yr.
{"title":"Effects of two different thinning methods on the diameter and basal area increments of silver lime (Tilia tomentosa Moench) target trees in Fruška Gora (Serbia)","authors":"Nikola Šušić, M. Bobinac, S. Andrašev","doi":"10.15287/afr.2022.2392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2022.2392","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses the cumulative effects of selective thinning and thinning from below on diameter and basal area increments of target trees after 25/26 years in 52, 69- and 86-year-old silver lime (Tilia tomentosa Moench) stands. Two target tree collectives were analysed: (1) elite trees selected between 1993–1994 from permanent sampling plots (selective thinning method), and (2) a ‘comparable collective’ of target trees selected in 2019 (25/26 years later) according to the same criteria as the elite trees, in the same stands thinned from below. Elite trees that were selectively thinned had: higher diameter, basal area and volume per tree, higher diameter and basal area increment for a given time period, and lower slenderness coefficients compared to the target trees that were thinned from below at 52 and 69 yr. While diameter increment decreases with age, and differences between elite trees of different ages are clearly delineated, diameter increments of trees thinned from below are not significantly different at 52 and 69 yr. In addition, basal area increment of trees is highest at 69 yr with selective thinning. When thinning from below, there were no significant differences in basal area increments between trees at 69 and 86 yr. Silver lime shows a strong growth response after selective thinning at ages 25/26 and 44 yr. However, our results show that this response is less pronounced when selective thinning begins at 61 yr.","PeriodicalId":48954,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45936403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria-Cristina Necula, Iris Tusa, M. Sidoroff, C. Itcus, D. Florea, Alexandru Amarioarei, Andrei Păun, O. Pacioglu, M. M. Păun
The current paper estimated the physico-chemical properties of water in the Danube Delta (Romania), based on Sentinel 2 remote sensing data. Eleven sites from the Danube Delta were sampled in spring and autumn for three years (2018-2020) and 21 water physico-chemical parameters were measured in laboratory. Several families of machine learning algorithms, translated into hundreds of models with different parameterizations for each machine learning algorithm, based on remote sensing data input from Sentinel 2 spectral bands, were employed to find the best models that predicted the values measured in laboratory. This was a novel approach, reflected in the types of selected models that minimised the values of performance metrics for the tested parameters. For alkalinity, calcium, chloride, carbon dioxide, hardness, potassium, sodium, ammonium, dissolved oxygen, sulphates, and suspended matter the results were promising, with an overall percentage bias of the estimates of +/- 10% from the observed values. For copper, magnesium, nitrites, nitrates, turbidity and zinc the estimates were fairly accurate, with percentage biases in the interval +/- 10% - 20%, whereas for detergents, led, and phosphates the percentage bias was higher than 20%. Overall, the results of the current study showed fairly good estimates between remote sensing based estimates and laboratory measured values for most water physico-chemical parameters.
{"title":"How accurate is the remote sensing based estimate of water physico-chemical parameters in the Danube Delta (Romania)?","authors":"Maria-Cristina Necula, Iris Tusa, M. Sidoroff, C. Itcus, D. Florea, Alexandru Amarioarei, Andrei Păun, O. Pacioglu, M. M. Păun","doi":"10.15287/afr.2022.2682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2022.2682","url":null,"abstract":"The current paper estimated the physico-chemical properties of water in the Danube Delta (Romania), based on Sentinel 2 remote sensing data. Eleven sites from the Danube Delta were sampled in spring and autumn for three years (2018-2020) and 21 water physico-chemical parameters were measured in laboratory. Several families of machine learning algorithms, translated into hundreds of models with different parameterizations for each machine learning algorithm, based on remote sensing data input from Sentinel 2 spectral bands, were employed to find the best models that predicted the values measured in laboratory. This was a novel approach, reflected in the types of selected models that minimised the values of performance metrics for the tested parameters. For alkalinity, calcium, chloride, carbon dioxide, hardness, potassium, sodium, ammonium, dissolved oxygen, sulphates, and suspended matter the results were promising, with an overall percentage bias of the estimates of +/- 10% from the observed values. For copper, magnesium, nitrites, nitrates, turbidity and zinc the estimates were fairly accurate, with percentage biases in the interval +/- 10% - 20%, whereas for detergents, led, and phosphates the percentage bias was higher than 20%. Overall, the results of the current study showed fairly good estimates between remote sensing based estimates and laboratory measured values for most water physico-chemical parameters.","PeriodicalId":48954,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49052628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biomass allocation is a key factor for understanding the forest carbon balance and reflects plants’ ecological strategies in different environmental conditions. Allocation patterns and biomass models outside of the native range of black pine have not been analyzed in the context of the observed climate changes. The study's goals were to develop biomass equations for mature black pine from southern Poland and assess biomass and carbon allocation patterns and the potential of trees of different social statuses for carbon sequestration. A total of 129 felled black pine trees were measured, among which 14 were destructively sampled to determine biomass and carbon content in tree components. The developed set of biomass equations provided allocation patterns and accumulation of trees of different social statuses. Biomass and carbon allocation patterns were different but related to tree social status. The introduction of diameter at crown base significantly improved the accuracy of the developed models. The analyzed trees allocated relatively more in stem than in crown in comparison with that observed in other studies. Biomass and carbon allocation patterns of the analyzed black pines differ from those of the native range. They should be considered in biomass modeling with factors influencing social status structure.
{"title":"Above-ground biomass allocation and potential carbon sink of black pine – a case study from southern Poland","authors":"W. Ochał, B. Wertz, Stanisław Orzeł","doi":"10.15287/afr.2022.2174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2022.2174","url":null,"abstract":"Biomass allocation is a key factor for understanding the forest carbon balance and reflects plants’ ecological strategies in different environmental conditions. Allocation patterns and biomass models outside of the native range of black pine have not been analyzed in the context of the observed climate changes. The study's goals were to develop biomass equations for mature black pine from southern Poland and assess biomass and carbon allocation patterns and the potential of trees of different social statuses for carbon sequestration. A total of 129 felled black pine trees were measured, among which 14 were destructively sampled to determine biomass and carbon content in tree components. The developed set of biomass equations provided allocation patterns and accumulation of trees of different social statuses. Biomass and carbon allocation patterns were different but related to tree social status. The introduction of diameter at crown base significantly improved the accuracy of the developed models. The analyzed trees allocated relatively more in stem than in crown in comparison with that observed in other studies. Biomass and carbon allocation patterns of the analyzed black pines differ from those of the native range. They should be considered in biomass modeling with factors influencing social status structure.","PeriodicalId":48954,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48304113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rhizosphere is the region of soil in which the highest densities of fungi and bacteria occur. In this study, an attempt was made to assess the distribution of bacterial species in soil where the summer truffle Tuber aestivum Vittad. bears fruit in selected stands in Poland. In order to determine the bacterial metagenome, the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) method was applied. Differences occurred in the bacterial species composition at the cluster level between soils in which summer truffle fruiting was recorded and control soils. In particular, differences in the percentage of Firmicutes bacteria were noted with an average frequency of 3.9% in truffle soil compared to 96.1% in the control soil. It was estimated that two bacterial species, namely Lysobacter antibioticus and Ensifer adhaerens had a positive effect on the occurrence of T. aestivum. Our research increased the knowledge of particular groups of bacteria accompanying truffles and their potential impact on the formation of fruiting bodies in T. aestivum.
{"title":"Next Generation Sequencing genomic analysis of bacteria from soils of the sites with naturally-occurring summer truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.)","authors":"Marta Siebyła, D. Hilszczańska","doi":"10.15287/afr.2022.2063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2022.2063","url":null,"abstract":"The rhizosphere is the region of soil in which the highest densities of fungi and bacteria occur. In this study, an attempt was made to assess the distribution of bacterial species in soil where the summer truffle Tuber aestivum Vittad. bears fruit in selected stands in Poland. In order to determine the bacterial metagenome, the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) method was applied. Differences occurred in the bacterial species composition at the cluster level between soils in which summer truffle fruiting was recorded and control soils. In particular, differences in the percentage of Firmicutes bacteria were noted with an average frequency of 3.9% in truffle soil compared to 96.1% in the control soil. It was estimated that two bacterial species, namely Lysobacter antibioticus and Ensifer adhaerens had a positive effect on the occurrence of T. aestivum. Our research increased the knowledge of particular groups of bacteria accompanying truffles and their potential impact on the formation of fruiting bodies in T. aestivum.","PeriodicalId":48954,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48783458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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