Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1553/eco.mont-14-2s24
H. Turgut, B. Turgut
Artvin, located in the Caucasus ecological region, is a unique area due to its high mountains, climatic characteristics, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and high biodiversity. Thus, it is a suitable area for examining the effects of landforms and climate on vegetation dynamics. Vegetation changes over a three-year period (2018 to 2020) were investigated by examining the trends in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) across the study area. First, the relationships between mean temperature, total precipitation and landforms (elevation, slope, aspect and distance from the sea) were determined by regression analysis, and their interpolated maps were created. In the second stage, the effects of the same landform characteristics and climatic factors, such as total precipitation and mean temperature, on NDVI were analysed. Regression analysis showed that the relationships between precipitation and distance from the sea, and between temperature and elevation were statistically significant. They were therefore used for prediction modelling. Changes in temperature and precipitation affected the NDVI values, but precipitation was found to be more significant than temperature. Landform differences were also responsible for changes in the NDVI values; distance from the sea was the most significant factor. The study also shows that in the drier period (2018), the elevation range where NDVI decreases is lower than during the other periods (2018 and 2020). We therefore conclude that the alpine zone can be more affected during drought periods.
{"title":"The effects of landforms and climate on NDVI in Artvin, Turkey","authors":"H. Turgut, B. Turgut","doi":"10.1553/eco.mont-14-2s24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-14-2s24","url":null,"abstract":"Artvin, located in the Caucasus ecological region, is a unique area due to its high mountains, climatic characteristics, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and high biodiversity. Thus, it is a suitable area for examining the effects of landforms and climate on vegetation dynamics. Vegetation changes over a three-year period (2018 to 2020) were investigated by examining the trends in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) across the study area. First, the relationships between mean temperature, total precipitation and landforms (elevation, slope, aspect and distance from the sea) were determined by regression analysis, and their interpolated maps were created. In the second stage, the effects of the same landform characteristics and climatic factors, such as total precipitation and mean temperature, on NDVI were analysed. Regression analysis showed that the relationships between precipitation and distance from the sea, and between temperature and elevation were statistically significant. They were therefore used for prediction modelling. Changes in temperature and precipitation affected the NDVI values, but precipitation was found to be more significant than temperature. Landform differences were also responsible for changes in the NDVI values; distance from the sea was the most significant factor. The study also shows that in the drier period (2018), the elevation range where NDVI decreases is lower than during the other periods (2018 and 2020). We therefore conclude that the alpine zone can be more affected during drought periods.","PeriodicalId":49079,"journal":{"name":"Eco Mont-Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81810057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1553/eco.mont-14-2s37
Huiying Xue, D. Luo, B. Duo, Qing Xue, Xingle Qu, Wen-Wen Guo
The diversity and community structure of soil nematodes around Lake Paiku in Mount Qomolangma (Mt. Everst) National Nature Reserve were investigated, to obtain soil ecosystem information, assess local soil quality, and provide the basis for environmental protection. Twelve plots were selected for typical vegetation communities around the lake. Within each plot, soil samples were collected from depths of 0 to 25 cm. The Baermann tray method was used to extract nematodes. Overall, we acquired 2,272 nematodes belonging to 2 classes, 5 orders, 32 families and 48 genera. The nematode density was 0–413 individuals per 100 g dry soil (average 109). Bacterivores, predators and omnivores were the dominant trophic groups. The individual density and genus numbers of soil nematodes were highest in the northeast and southeast corners of the lake. For most of the area studied, soil nutrients were at a medium level and there was no human disturbance. The energy flow of the soil food web tends to be via fungus decomposition channels. The redundancy analysis shows that soil-available P, pH, alkali-hydrolytic N, and soil-available K have strong effects on the soil nematode community, whereas the soil’s total N, organic matter and water content have only minor effects. Soil-available P and pH were negatively correlated with nematode diversity. Soil nematodes showed surface aggregation; the soil food webs tend to have complex structures because of the presence of K-strategist organisms; the lakeshore ecosystem is in the late stage of succession and relatively stable. The increasing amount of soil-available P and increasing pH value corresponded to reduced biodiversity and unstable soil nematode communities. A greater diversity of nematodes were found in the Lake Paiku region in comparison to studies carried out in alpine meadows of the Chang Tang (or Northern Tibet) Grasslands.
{"title":"Community structure and diversity of soil nematodes around Lake Paiku in Tibet, China","authors":"Huiying Xue, D. Luo, B. Duo, Qing Xue, Xingle Qu, Wen-Wen Guo","doi":"10.1553/eco.mont-14-2s37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-14-2s37","url":null,"abstract":"The diversity and community structure of soil nematodes around Lake Paiku in Mount Qomolangma (Mt. Everst) National Nature Reserve were investigated, to obtain soil ecosystem information, assess local soil quality, and provide the basis for environmental protection. Twelve plots were selected for typical vegetation communities around the lake. Within each plot, soil samples were collected from depths of 0 to 25 cm. The Baermann tray method was used to extract nematodes. Overall, we acquired 2,272 nematodes belonging to 2 classes, 5 orders, 32 families and 48 genera. The nematode density was 0–413 individuals per 100 g dry soil (average 109). Bacterivores, predators and omnivores were the dominant trophic groups. The individual density and genus numbers of soil nematodes were highest in the northeast and southeast corners of the lake. For most of the area studied, soil nutrients were at a medium level and there was no human disturbance. The energy flow of the soil food web tends to be via fungus decomposition channels. The redundancy analysis shows that soil-available P, pH, alkali-hydrolytic N, and soil-available K have strong effects on the soil nematode community, whereas the soil’s total N, organic matter and water content have only minor effects. Soil-available P and pH were negatively correlated with nematode diversity. Soil nematodes showed surface aggregation; the soil food webs tend to have complex structures because of the presence of K-strategist organisms; the lakeshore ecosystem is in the late stage of succession and relatively stable. The increasing amount of soil-available P and increasing pH value corresponded to reduced biodiversity and unstable soil nematode communities. A greater diversity of nematodes were found in the Lake Paiku region in comparison to studies carried out in alpine meadows of the Chang Tang (or Northern Tibet) Grasslands.","PeriodicalId":49079,"journal":{"name":"Eco Mont-Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74682197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1553/eco.mont-14-2s78
G. Köck, Guy Broucke, Francisco Gómez Durán
{"title":"Report on the Southern African Mountain Conference 2022, Southern African mountains – their value and vulnerabilities","authors":"G. Köck, Guy Broucke, Francisco Gómez Durán","doi":"10.1553/eco.mont-14-2s78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-14-2s78","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49079,"journal":{"name":"Eco Mont-Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73025424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1553/eco.mont-14-2s48
C. Körner, U. Berninger, Andreas Daim, T. Eberl, Fernando Fernández Mendoza, L. Füreder, M. Grube, Elisabeth Hainzer, R. Kaiser, Erwin Meyer, C. Newesely, G. Niedrist, G. Niedrist, J. Petermann, J. Seeber, U. Tappeiner, S. Wickham
Whether and how alpine organismic communities respond to ongoing environmental changes is difficult to assess quantitatively, given their intrinsically slow responses, remote locations and limited data. Here we provide a synthesis of the first five years of a multidisciplinary, highly standardized, long-term monitoring programme of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in the Austrian Hohe Tauern National Park and companion sites in northern Italy and the central Swiss Alps. The programme aims at evidencing the ecological state and trends in largely late-successional, high-eleva-tion ecosystems. We present the conceptual framework, the study design and first results. Replicated over five regions, different sites and a multitude of permanent plots, the abiotic (microclimate, physics and chemistry of soils and water bodies), biodiversity (plants, animals, microbes), and productivity data (alpine grassland, lakes, streams) provide a representative reference for future re-assessments. The wide spectrum of biological baseline data presented and their spatial and temporal variation also illustrate the degree of uncertainty associated with smaller-scale and short-term studies and the role of stochasticity in long-term biological monitoring.
{"title":"Long-term monitoring of high-elevation terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in the Alps – a five-year synthesis","authors":"C. Körner, U. Berninger, Andreas Daim, T. Eberl, Fernando Fernández Mendoza, L. Füreder, M. Grube, Elisabeth Hainzer, R. Kaiser, Erwin Meyer, C. Newesely, G. Niedrist, G. Niedrist, J. Petermann, J. Seeber, U. Tappeiner, S. Wickham","doi":"10.1553/eco.mont-14-2s48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-14-2s48","url":null,"abstract":"Whether and how alpine organismic communities respond to ongoing environmental changes is difficult to assess quantitatively, given their intrinsically slow responses, remote locations and limited data. Here we provide a synthesis of the first five years of a multidisciplinary, highly standardized, long-term monitoring programme of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in the Austrian Hohe Tauern National Park and companion sites in northern Italy and the central Swiss Alps. The programme aims at evidencing the ecological state and trends in largely late-successional, high-eleva-tion ecosystems. We present the conceptual framework, the study design and first results. Replicated over five regions, different sites and a multitude of permanent plots, the abiotic (microclimate, physics and chemistry of soils and water bodies), biodiversity (plants, animals, microbes), and productivity data (alpine grassland, lakes, streams) provide a representative reference for future re-assessments. The wide spectrum of biological baseline data presented and their spatial and temporal variation also illustrate the degree of uncertainty associated with smaller-scale and short-term studies and the role of stochasticity in long-term biological monitoring.","PeriodicalId":49079,"journal":{"name":"Eco Mont-Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81109665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julia Baumgartner, Elisa Kuntner, Johannes Melchert, Jan Misera, Carlotta Sauerwein-Schlosser, C. Schleyer, Nils Unthan
This article examines the influence of Biosphere Reserves’ (BRs) communication strategies on regional governance processes. We conducted semi-structured interviews with regional stakeholders in the UNESCO Biosphere Reserves Engiadina Val Müstair (Switzerland) and Schwäbische Alb (Germany), and evaluated the influence of the BRs’ communication strategies on regional communication structures. Our findings show that BRs can take on the role of mediators of vested interests within regional governance. In order to achieve this goal, BR managers would be advised to adopt a comprehensive communication strategy, i. e. comprising the aspects of information, participation, coordination and cooperation. This, however, is directly dependent on the BRs’ financial and human resources.
本文探讨了生物圈保护区(BRs)沟通策略对区域治理进程的影响。我们对联合国教科文组织生物圈保护区Engiadina Val mstair(瑞士)和Schwäbische Alb(德国)的区域利益相关者进行了半结构化访谈，并评估了br的传播策略对区域传播结构的影响。研究结果表明，BRs可以在区域治理中扮演既得利益者的中介角色。为了实现这一目标，建议BR管理者采用一种全面的沟通策略，即包括信息、参与、协调和合作等方面。然而，这直接取决于银行的财政和人力资源。
{"title":"Biosphere Reserves as drivers of regional governance? Communication challenges within the UNESCO Biosphere Reserves Engiadina Val Müstair (Switzerland) and Schwäbische Alb (Germany)","authors":"Julia Baumgartner, Elisa Kuntner, Johannes Melchert, Jan Misera, Carlotta Sauerwein-Schlosser, C. Schleyer, Nils Unthan","doi":"10.1553/eco.mont-15-1s4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-15-1s4","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the influence of Biosphere Reserves’ (BRs) communication strategies on regional governance processes. We conducted semi-structured interviews with regional stakeholders in the UNESCO Biosphere Reserves Engiadina Val Müstair (Switzerland) and Schwäbische Alb (Germany), and evaluated the influence of the BRs’ communication strategies on regional communication structures. Our findings show that BRs can take on the role of mediators of vested interests within regional governance. In order to achieve this goal, BR managers would be advised to adopt a comprehensive communication strategy, i. e. comprising the aspects of information, participation, coordination and cooperation. This, however, is directly dependent on the BRs’ financial and human resources.","PeriodicalId":49079,"journal":{"name":"Eco Mont-Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90959340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.22541/au.163059604.44270008/v1
S. Shrestha, Sony Lama, A. Sherpa, Munmun Tamang
Barekot rural municipality of Jajarkot district is an Important Bird Areas (IBAs) in Western Nepal. In recent years, illegal hunting and trapping-related cases have increased in this area. Additionally, a hydropower project with a capacity of 410 MW is being constructed within Barekot. The present study aims to update the preliminary checklist of birds and identify the underlying threats to the bird population in this region. Bird survey was conducted in four monitoring blocks of Barekot during the late winter of 2021. Also, a series of consultation meetings and interviews with the local stakeholders were organized to collect information regarding the extant threats. This study revealed eighty-seven bird species of 10 orders and 34 families. Birds most commonly recorded from the family Muscicapidae and order Passeriformes. Among the total recorded species, two species are listed in the IUCN Red List of Nationally Vulnerable Category. Similarly, five species were listed on CITES Appendix II and one species on CITES Appendix I. Approximately 82% of total bird species were of resident type. Despite a decline in bird diversity, Barekot’s unique geographical location still makes it an important IBA in Nepal. Bird numbers have plummeted due to human intrusion and disturbance, and natural system modifications. Based on our findings, we recommend landscape-level research, on the impacts of hydropower projects, roads, poaching, and impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic. Similarly, future conservation efforts should also emphasize preventing habitat fragmentation and raising public awareness. Keywords: Avian community; Bird checklist; Important Bird Area; Threats
{"title":"Avifaunal Diversity in Important Bird Areas of Western Nepal","authors":"S. Shrestha, Sony Lama, A. Sherpa, Munmun Tamang","doi":"10.22541/au.163059604.44270008/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.163059604.44270008/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Barekot rural municipality of Jajarkot district is an Important Bird\u0000Areas (IBAs) in Western Nepal. In recent years, illegal hunting and\u0000trapping-related cases have increased in this area. Additionally, a\u0000hydropower project with a capacity of 410 MW is being constructed within\u0000Barekot. The present study aims to update the preliminary checklist of\u0000birds and identify the underlying threats to the bird population in this\u0000region. Bird survey was conducted in four monitoring blocks of Barekot\u0000during the late winter of 2021. Also, a series of consultation meetings\u0000and interviews with the local stakeholders were organized to collect\u0000information regarding the extant threats. This study revealed\u0000eighty-seven bird species of 10 orders and 34 families. Birds most\u0000commonly recorded from the family Muscicapidae and order Passeriformes.\u0000Among the total recorded species, two species are listed in the IUCN Red\u0000List of Nationally Vulnerable Category. Similarly, five species were\u0000listed on CITES Appendix II and one species on CITES Appendix I.\u0000Approximately 82% of total bird species were of resident type. Despite\u0000a decline in bird diversity, Barekot’s unique geographical location\u0000still makes it an important IBA in Nepal. Bird numbers have plummeted\u0000due to human intrusion and disturbance, and natural system\u0000modifications. Based on our findings, we recommend landscape-level\u0000research, on the impacts of hydropower projects, roads, poaching, and\u0000impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic. Similarly, future conservation efforts\u0000should also emphasize preventing habitat fragmentation and raising\u0000public awareness. Keywords: Avian community; Bird checklist; Important\u0000Bird Area; Threats","PeriodicalId":49079,"journal":{"name":"Eco Mont-Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80248277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-27DOI: 10.1553/ECO.MONT-13-SIS90
M. Price, T. Schaaf, María Rosa Cárdenas Tomažič
Within UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme, MAB Project 6 (MAB-6), entitled Impact of human activities on mountain and tundra ecosystems, was initiated in 1971. This paper begins with a history of the activities and key outcomes of MAB-6, which largely comprised national activities within a global framework. From the 1990s, a number of collaborative international projects took place, relating particularly to global change and sacred mountains. The paper ends with brief conclusions.
{"title":"Mountain research in UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere Programme: the first five decades","authors":"M. Price, T. Schaaf, María Rosa Cárdenas Tomažič","doi":"10.1553/ECO.MONT-13-SIS90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/ECO.MONT-13-SIS90","url":null,"abstract":"Within UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme, MAB Project 6 (MAB-6), entitled Impact of human activities on mountain and tundra ecosystems, was initiated in 1971. This paper begins with a history of the activities and key outcomes of MAB-6, which largely comprised national activities within a global framework. From the 1990s, a number of collaborative international projects took place, relating particularly to global change and sacred mountains. The paper ends with brief conclusions.","PeriodicalId":49079,"journal":{"name":"Eco Mont-Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85692298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ecological infrastructure (EI), which is a planned network of high-quality natural and semi-natural elements designed and managed to provide ecosystem services, has the potential to ensure rich and resilient biodiversity. Within the Action Plan for the Swiss Biodiversity Strategy of the Swiss Confederation, the pilot project known as “ValPar.CH – Values of the ecological infrastructure in Swiss parks” aims to analyse the values and benefits of EI at two levels: across Switzerland, and in four parks of national importance (Jurapark Aargau, and Gruyère Pays-d’Enhaut, Pfyn-Finges and Beverin nature parks). The aim is to contribute to reducing biodiversity erosion as currently observed. This objective is met by developing outputs for different stakeholders (scientific papers, recommendations, data, policy tools).
{"title":"The ValPar.CH project – Assessing the added value of ecological infrastructure in Swiss Parks","authors":"E. Reynard, A. Grêt-Regamey, R. Keller","doi":"10.1553/0x003c9dac","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/0x003c9dac","url":null,"abstract":"Ecological infrastructure (EI), which is a planned network of high-quality natural and semi-natural elements designed and managed to provide ecosystem services, has the potential to ensure rich and resilient biodiversity. Within the Action Plan for the Swiss Biodiversity Strategy of the Swiss Confederation, the pilot project known as “ValPar.CH – Values of the ecological infrastructure in Swiss parks” aims to analyse the values and benefits of EI at two levels: across Switzerland, and in four parks of national importance (Jurapark Aargau, and Gruyère Pays-d’Enhaut, Pfyn-Finges and Beverin nature parks). The aim is to contribute to reducing biodiversity erosion as currently observed. This objective is met by developing outputs for different stakeholders (scientific papers, recommendations, data, policy tools).","PeriodicalId":49079,"journal":{"name":"Eco Mont-Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77246599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1553/eco.mont-13-sis7
Jennifer M. Thomsen, Kelly L. Cerialo, Sarah M. Gaines, Jeremy Dertien
The United States was an integral part of the early growth of UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB), yet changing political and social contexts have impacted the relationship between the US and MAB. Poised at the start of a new period of activity, as the US reviews its strategy on its current and future engagement with MAB, it is critical to discuss the factors that have influenced the history of US involvement in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR) and how the US will engage in the future. For the purpose of this article, the US Biosphere Network (USBN) refers to the current recently reinvigorated network of biosphere reserves in the US. As many of the USBN sites are partially or fully mountainous ecosystems, the renewed engagement of the USBN will contribute to the conservation of some of the nation’s most prized mountain landscapes. This article provides an overview of the biosphere reserve concept and of US involvement with the intergovernmental programme. We discuss challenges facing the USBN, including relevancy and inclusion, political relations with UNESCO, and perceptions of zoning. We present examples of opportunities and strategies that have been implemented by the Champlain-Adirondack Biosphere Network in a mountain region, followed by conclusions on revisioning MAB in the US and globally for the next 50 years.
{"title":"Engaging the United States Network of Biosphere Reserves in a changing social-political context","authors":"Jennifer M. Thomsen, Kelly L. Cerialo, Sarah M. Gaines, Jeremy Dertien","doi":"10.1553/eco.mont-13-sis7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-13-sis7","url":null,"abstract":"The United States was an integral part of the early growth of UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB), yet changing political and social contexts have impacted the relationship between the US and MAB. Poised at the start of a new period of activity, as the US reviews its strategy on its current and future engagement with MAB, it is critical to discuss the factors that have influenced the history of US involvement in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR) and how the US will engage in the future. For the purpose of this article, the US Biosphere Network (USBN) refers to the current recently reinvigorated network of biosphere reserves in the US. As many of the USBN sites are partially or fully mountainous ecosystems, the renewed engagement of the USBN will contribute to the conservation of some of the nation’s most prized mountain landscapes. This article provides an overview of the biosphere reserve concept and of US involvement with the intergovernmental programme. We discuss challenges facing the USBN, including relevancy and inclusion, political relations with UNESCO, and perceptions of zoning. We present examples of opportunities and strategies that have been implemented by the Champlain-Adirondack Biosphere Network in a mountain region, followed by conclusions on revisioning MAB in the US and globally for the next 50 years.","PeriodicalId":49079,"journal":{"name":"Eco Mont-Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87133252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the years following the foundation of the Styrian Eisenwurzen Nature Park (in 1996) and Gesäuse National Park (in 2002), both nature conservation organizations faced heavy resistance from the local population and actors in the local economy. Today things look different: the so-called Gesäuse Partners are building a strong network that brings the parties together. Our experiences can be used practically by the managers of protected areas. Profile
{"title":"Let’s partner up! From resistance to collaboration: A strategy for regional development, or how to create partnerships between nature conservation and local companies – a success story","authors":"Marco Schiefer, E. M. Vorwagner","doi":"10.1553/0x003c9d9e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/0x003c9d9e","url":null,"abstract":"In the years following the foundation of the Styrian Eisenwurzen Nature Park (in 1996) and Gesäuse National Park (in 2002), both nature conservation organizations faced heavy resistance from the local population and actors in the local economy. Today things look different: the so-called Gesäuse Partners are building a strong network that brings the parties together. Our experiences can be used practically by the managers of protected areas. Profile","PeriodicalId":49079,"journal":{"name":"Eco Mont-Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80590689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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