Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1553/eco.mont-13-sis3
G. Köck, Valerie Braun, A. Arnberger
{"title":"Editorial by Günter Köck, Valerie Braun and Arne Arnberger","authors":"G. Köck, Valerie Braun, A. Arnberger","doi":"10.1553/eco.mont-13-sis3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-13-sis3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49079,"journal":{"name":"Eco Mont-Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83053837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hui Wang, D. Xie, W. Xiong, Wei-feng Tang, Zhigang Wu, K. Xiao, Qiang Wang
Lhalu wetland, located in the northwest of Lhasa city, Tibet, is the highest and largest urban natural wetland in the world. Due to its specific climate and the unique plateau ecosystem, it is a hotspot of endemic and endangered species. Lhalu wetland is an important wetland for Lhasa city for its biodiversity and for enhancing human well-being. However, due to global warming, over-exploitation and the presence of non-native species, it has suffered serious ecosystem damage and biodiversity loss. To protect biodiversity and the functioning of the ecosystem, new measures are needed, and current measures should be better enforced. This study is important for biodiversity conservation and the management of Lhalu wetland in the QinghaiTibet plateau. Profile
{"title":"Current status and future prospects of Lhalu wetland on the Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Hui Wang, D. Xie, W. Xiong, Wei-feng Tang, Zhigang Wu, K. Xiao, Qiang Wang","doi":"10.1553/0x003c9da8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/0x003c9da8","url":null,"abstract":"Lhalu wetland, located in the northwest of Lhasa city, Tibet, is the highest and largest urban natural wetland in the world. Due to its specific climate and the unique plateau ecosystem, it is a hotspot of endemic and endangered species. Lhalu wetland is an important wetland for Lhasa city for its biodiversity and for enhancing human well-being. However, due to global warming, over-exploitation and the presence of non-native species, it has suffered serious ecosystem damage and biodiversity loss. To protect biodiversity and the functioning of the ecosystem, new measures are needed, and current measures should be better enforced. This study is important for biodiversity conservation and the management of Lhalu wetland in the QinghaiTibet plateau. Profile","PeriodicalId":49079,"journal":{"name":"Eco Mont-Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74600446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1553/eco.mont-14-1s25
Peihao Peng, Yu Feng
Paeonia decomposita is on the IUCN’s Red List of endangered species, and occurs only in the northwest part of Sichuan Province, China. For the effective protection of the species, it is important to evaluate the suitability of potential habitats for P. decomposita and natural factors that influence the species. Based on the actual distribution points of P. decomposita in northwest Sichuan from 2016 to 2018, the Maximum Entropy Model (MaxEnt) was used to analyse the main factors affecting its habitat, and to predict suitable habitats. The results show that: (1) the model has high accuracy and is suitable for the prediction and evaluation of habitat suitability for P. decomposita; (2) temperature, slope, precipitation and moisture index will all greatly affect P. decomposita’s distribution; (3) the areas that are potentially suitable for P. decomposita are mainly in Mianyang, Aba, Ganzi and Liangshan, which are greatly affected by human activities; effective protection measures have not been taken. It is proposed that new reserves for the introduction of P. decomposita should be established in areas of high or moderately high suitability. A programme of cultivation of this rare species should also be set up.
{"title":"Habitat suitability evaluation for Paeonia decomposita, based on a MaxEnt model","authors":"Peihao Peng, Yu Feng","doi":"10.1553/eco.mont-14-1s25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-14-1s25","url":null,"abstract":"Paeonia decomposita is on the IUCN’s Red List of endangered species, and occurs only in the northwest part of Sichuan Province, China. For the effective protection of the species, it is important to evaluate the suitability of potential habitats for P. decomposita and natural factors that influence the species. Based on the actual distribution points of P. decomposita in northwest Sichuan from 2016 to 2018, the Maximum Entropy Model (MaxEnt) was used to analyse the main factors affecting its habitat, and to predict suitable habitats. The results show that: (1) the model has high accuracy and is suitable for the prediction and evaluation of habitat suitability for P. decomposita; (2) temperature, slope, precipitation and moisture index will all greatly affect P. decomposita’s distribution; (3) the areas that are potentially suitable for P. decomposita are mainly in Mianyang, Aba, Ganzi and Liangshan, which are greatly affected by human activities; effective protection measures have not been taken. It is proposed that new reserves for the introduction of P. decomposita should be established in areas of high or moderately high suitability. A programme of cultivation of this rare species should also be set up.","PeriodicalId":49079,"journal":{"name":"Eco Mont-Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74203584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1553/eco.mont-13-sis38
Maria Romera, F. López-i-Gelats, Pablo Domínguez, Said Boujrouf, R. Maneja
Arganeraie Biosphere Reserve (ABR) in Morocco was established in 1998. Today the reserve covers 2.5 million hectares and more than 3 million people and, as such, it has been a complex social-ecological system to govern. Authors draw on postnormal conservation science and environmental governance studies to investigate environmental governance processes within the ABR and shed light on their outcomes and challenges to date. First, authors analyse how Moroccan institutions are managing this vast territory. Second, we look at perceptions of an extended peer community of decision-makers. This research adds an empirical case study to the North African region and addresses two main weaknesses of UNESCO Biosphere Reserves worldwide: 1) effective governance and 2) shortcomings in their implementation. Through an ethnographic approach, we are able to point out how low strategic priority and a weak political will regarding the ABR may be hindering inclusive environmental governance. The authors suggest some key aspects for improving the existing governance system; various baseline needs and barriers that may be addressed in advance; a set of drivers, and several proposals for inclusive governance in the ABR. This study should prompt academia, policyand decision-makers to identify and enhance synergies that allow for a shared vision of their territory. Research eco.mont – Volume 13, special issue 2021 ISSN 2073-106X pr int vers ion – ISSN 2073-1558 onl ine vers ion: ht tp://epub.oeaw.ac.at/eco.mont ht tps://dx.doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-13-sis38 38
摩洛哥Arganeraie生物圈保护区(ABR)成立于1998年。今天，该保护区占地250万公顷，人口超过300万，因此，它已成为一个复杂的社会生态系统。作者利用后常态保护科学和环境治理研究来调查ABR内的环境治理过程，并阐明其迄今为止的成果和挑战。首先，作者分析了摩洛哥的机构是如何管理这片广袤的土地的。其次，我们看一下决策者的同伴社区的看法。本研究为北非地区增加了一个实证案例研究，并解决了联合国教科文组织生物圈保护区在全球范围内的两个主要弱点:1)有效治理;2)实施方面的缺陷。通过民族志方法，我们能够指出，关于ABR的低战略优先级和薄弱的政治意愿可能会阻碍包容性环境治理。作者提出了完善现有治理体系的几个关键方面;可提前解决的各种基线需求和障碍;一组驱动因素，以及在亚洲区域合作组织中进行包容性治理的几项建议。这项研究应促使学术界、政策制定者和决策者确定并加强协同作用，从而实现对各自领域的共同愿景。研究生态。月-第13卷特刊2021 ISSN 2073-106X pr int verion - ISSN 2073-1558在线verion: http://www.epub.oeaw.ac.at/eco。月tps://dx.doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-13-sis38
{"title":"Towards inclusive environmental governance in the Arganeraie Biosphere Reserve, Morocco","authors":"Maria Romera, F. López-i-Gelats, Pablo Domínguez, Said Boujrouf, R. Maneja","doi":"10.1553/eco.mont-13-sis38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-13-sis38","url":null,"abstract":"Arganeraie Biosphere Reserve (ABR) in Morocco was established in 1998. Today the reserve covers 2.5 million hectares and more than 3 million people and, as such, it has been a complex social-ecological system to govern. Authors draw on postnormal conservation science and environmental governance studies to investigate environmental governance processes within the ABR and shed light on their outcomes and challenges to date. First, authors analyse how Moroccan institutions are managing this vast territory. Second, we look at perceptions of an extended peer community of decision-makers. This research adds an empirical case study to the North African region and addresses two main weaknesses of UNESCO Biosphere Reserves worldwide: 1) effective governance and 2) shortcomings in their implementation. Through an ethnographic approach, we are able to point out how low strategic priority and a weak political will regarding the ABR may be hindering inclusive environmental governance. The authors suggest some key aspects for improving the existing governance system; various baseline needs and barriers that may be addressed in advance; a set of drivers, and several proposals for inclusive governance in the ABR. This study should prompt academia, policyand decision-makers to identify and enhance synergies that allow for a shared vision of their territory. Research eco.mont – Volume 13, special issue 2021 ISSN 2073-106X pr int vers ion – ISSN 2073-1558 onl ine vers ion: ht tp://epub.oeaw.ac.at/eco.mont ht tps://dx.doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-13-sis38 38","PeriodicalId":49079,"journal":{"name":"Eco Mont-Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81563787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biosphere Reserves face huge challenges worldwide, especially those located in metropolitan areas such as La Campana-Peñuelas Biosphere Reserve in central Chile. As well as direct threats, such as urban sprawl and wildfires, such reserves face a less evident threat in the form of weak community engagement and aware-ness of the value, opportunities and challenges that the name biosphere reserve offers. Since 2015, environmental conflicts have intensified in this area of Chile, and counter-movements towards re-territorialization have arisen under the slogan “We are biosphere reserve” . This implies a deep understanding of the imbrications of the lives of humans and more-than-humans in a common territory which face common challenges with regard to the preservation of life and regenerative actions and path-ways. In Chile, this local social / political / spiritual movement now converges with a national movement towards recovering sovereignty over common goods through a new Constitution. In this article, we describe a fruitful academia-community dialogue of knowledges created through a series of open-access courses, collaborative mapping, and artistic initiatives developed by citizens, such as textile-making and handcrafts using natural pigments. All of these initiatives come together within the framework of very local geopolitical actions for the preservation of the biocultural landscapes found within the biosphere reserve. We discuss these initiatives as forms of biocultural resistance and re-existence .
{"title":"Biocultural resistance and re-existence through a dialogue of knowledges and citizen art in a threatened biosphere reserve","authors":"Marcelo Leguia-Cruz, Colectiva Tejer-Nos, Natalia Ortiz -Cubillos, Pablo Mansilla-Quiñones, Andrés Moreira-Muñoz","doi":"10.1553/eco.mont-13-sis102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-13-sis102","url":null,"abstract":"Biosphere Reserves face huge challenges worldwide, especially those located in metropolitan areas such as La Campana-Peñuelas Biosphere Reserve in central Chile. As well as direct threats, such as urban sprawl and wildfires, such reserves face a less evident threat in the form of weak community engagement and aware-ness of the value, opportunities and challenges that the name biosphere reserve offers. Since 2015, environmental conflicts have intensified in this area of Chile, and counter-movements towards re-territorialization have arisen under the slogan “We are biosphere reserve” . This implies a deep understanding of the imbrications of the lives of humans and more-than-humans in a common territory which face common challenges with regard to the preservation of life and regenerative actions and path-ways. In Chile, this local social / political / spiritual movement now converges with a national movement towards recovering sovereignty over common goods through a new Constitution. In this article, we describe a fruitful academia-community dialogue of knowledges created through a series of open-access courses, collaborative mapping, and artistic initiatives developed by citizens, such as textile-making and handcrafts using natural pigments. All of these initiatives come together within the framework of very local geopolitical actions for the preservation of the biocultural landscapes found within the biosphere reserve. We discuss these initiatives as forms of biocultural resistance and re-existence .","PeriodicalId":49079,"journal":{"name":"Eco Mont-Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74974776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Covaciu-Marcov, Bogdan-Ionuț Lucaci, A. Maier, Achim-Mircea Cadar, George-Adelin Ile, A. Dumbrava, S. Ferenți
Road mortality is one of the most obvious forms of anthropic impact upon fauna. The Iron Gates Natural Park is an area of great biodiversity, crossed by a 154 km long road running parallel to the Danube River. To estimate the impact of this road upon the fauna, between March 2019 and February 2020 we monitored road mortality on a monthly basis. We recorded 13,230 road-killed animals, belonging to 71 taxa. The greatest proportion of taxa was killed in early summer and the number of individuals killed peaked in autumn. A spring mortality peak was not observed. Cold-blooded animals were killed year-round, even though they should not have been active in winter in Romania. This is a consequence of the warmer climate of the region compared to the rest of Romania, but also the mild winter of 2019 / 2020. Mitigation measures such as stopping the construction of new roads would prevent the problem of animal road deaths being replicated in other areas. In addition to the ecological, zoogeographical and conservation value of its findings, our study also warns of a cause-effect link between global warming and an increase in road mortality. Research eco.mont – Volume 14, Number 1, January 2022 ISSN 2073-106X pr int vers ion – ISSN 2073-1558 onl ine vers ion: ht tp://epub.oeaw.ac.at/eco.mont ht tps://dx.doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-14-1s4 4
道路死亡是人类活动对动物群影响最明显的形式之一。铁门自然公园是一个生物多样性丰富的地区，有一条154公里长的公路穿过，与多瑙河平行。为了估计这条道路对动物的影响，在2019年3月至2020年2月期间，我们每月监测道路死亡率。我们记录了71个分类群中被公路撞死的动物13230只。初夏被杀的类群比例最大，秋季被杀的个体数最多。未观察到春季死亡率高峰。冷血动物全年都被捕杀，即使它们在罗马尼亚的冬天不应该活跃。与罗马尼亚其他地区相比，这是该地区气候温暖的结果，也是2019 / 2020年暖冬的结果。停止修建新道路等缓解措施将防止动物在道路上死亡的问题在其他地区重演。除了研究结果的生态、动物地理和保护价值外，我们的研究还警告说，全球变暖和道路死亡率增加之间存在因果关系。研究生态。mont -第14卷，第1期，2022年1月ISSN 2073-106X pr int vers - ISSN 2073-1558 online vers: http://www.epub .oeaw.ac.at/eco。月tps://dx.doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-14-1s4
{"title":"Beyond the victim number: faunistic and ecological data from a road-mortality study in the Iron Gates Natural Park, Romania","authors":"S. Covaciu-Marcov, Bogdan-Ionuț Lucaci, A. Maier, Achim-Mircea Cadar, George-Adelin Ile, A. Dumbrava, S. Ferenți","doi":"10.1553/eco.mont-14-1s4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-14-1s4","url":null,"abstract":"Road mortality is one of the most obvious forms of anthropic impact upon fauna. The Iron Gates Natural Park is an area of great biodiversity, crossed by a 154 km long road running parallel to the Danube River. To estimate the impact of this road upon the fauna, between March 2019 and February 2020 we monitored road mortality on a monthly basis. We recorded 13,230 road-killed animals, belonging to 71 taxa. The greatest proportion of taxa was killed in early summer and the number of individuals killed peaked in autumn. A spring mortality peak was not observed. Cold-blooded animals were killed year-round, even though they should not have been active in winter in Romania. This is a consequence of the warmer climate of the region compared to the rest of Romania, but also the mild winter of 2019 / 2020. Mitigation measures such as stopping the construction of new roads would prevent the problem of animal road deaths being replicated in other areas. In addition to the ecological, zoogeographical and conservation value of its findings, our study also warns of a cause-effect link between global warming and an increase in road mortality. Research eco.mont – Volume 14, Number 1, January 2022 ISSN 2073-106X pr int vers ion – ISSN 2073-1558 onl ine vers ion: ht tp://epub.oeaw.ac.at/eco.mont ht tps://dx.doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-14-1s4 4","PeriodicalId":49079,"journal":{"name":"Eco Mont-Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78191353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1553/eco.mont-13-sis15
M. Jungmeier, A. Borsdorf, Valerie Braun, V. Häring, T. Hammer, Christina Pichler-Koban
The biosphere reserve (BR), as conceived by UNESCO, is a permanent intervention towards sustainable development. With 727 BRs in 131 countries (Österreichisches MAB-Nationalkomitee 2021), this means interventions in highly diverse environmental, economic, socio-cultural and institutional contexts. With the MAB Strategy 2015–2025, the Lima Declaration 2016 and the Lima Action Plan 2016–2025, UNESCO BRs should develop fully into model regions for the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals 2015–2030 (SDGs) (United Nations 2015). Because of their varied contexts, the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves consists of different, but globally self-similar, fractal institutions. In article we emphasize the understanding, implementation and management of BRs in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. These three European democracies are examples of federally structured states with comparatively wealthy economies as well as high political stability. Respect for property rights, regional acceptance, decentralized decision-making, and micro- and macro-economic considerations have always played decisive roles in the development of BRs in the DACH countries. We aim to identify, analyse and discuss the distinct characteristics and peculiarities of BRs in this area. We investigate how the framework conditions of sustainability, as presented in the concept of BRs, are perceived, discussed and implemented. As a basis for our analysis, we use a sample of 18 peer-reviewed publications, which were published collectively as a book on BRs in the DACH countries (Borsdorf et al. 2020). The individual publications present overviews, case studies and in-depth investigations in the three countries. All authors were invited to participate in a meta-text analysis. This was conducted in the form of a survey, a transdisciplinary workshop with a reflective design using a virtual whiteboard, and a concluding feedback loop. The results of the qualitative exploration are interpreted against the background of international comparisons and recent scholarly discussions. Based on the assumption that different types of ambigui-ties and conflicts are inherently a key element of the BR concept, we conclude that the DACH countries may have found specific ways to deal with and overcome these differences.
教科文组织设想的生物圈保护区是对可持续发展的一种永久性干预。131个国家有727个br (Österreichisches mab - nationalomitee 2021)，这意味着在高度多样化的环境、经济、社会文化和体制背景下采取干预措施。根据2015 - 2025年人与生物圈战略、2016年利马宣言和2016 - 2025年利马行动计划，联合国教科文组织区域中心应充分发展成为实施2015 - 2030年可持续发展目标的示范区域(联合国2015年)。由于其不同的背景，联合国教科文组织世界生物圈保护区网络由不同的、但在全球范围内自相似的分形机构组成。本文着重介绍了德国、奥地利和瑞士对BRs的认识、实施和管理。这三个欧洲民主国家是联邦制国家的典范，经济相对富裕，政治高度稳定。对产权的尊重、区域接受、分权决策以及微观和宏观经济考虑一直在发展中国家的商业银行发展中发挥着决定性作用。我们的目标是识别、分析和讨论这一领域br的鲜明特征和特殊性。我们研究了可持续发展的框架条件是如何被感知、讨论和实施的，正如br概念所呈现的那样。作为我们分析的基础，我们使用了18份同行评议出版物的样本，这些出版物作为一本关于DACH国家br的书共同出版(Borsdorf et al. 2020)。个别出版物介绍了这三个国家的概况、案例研究和深入调查。所有作者都被邀请参加元文本分析。这是以调查的形式进行的，使用虚拟白板进行反思设计的跨学科研讨会，以及总结反馈循环。定性探索的结果是在国际比较和最近的学术讨论的背景下解释的。基于不同类型的歧义和冲突本质上是BR概念的关键要素的假设，我们得出结论，DACH国家可能已经找到了处理和克服这些差异的具体方法。
{"title":"Pärke, Parks and Reservate – biosphere reserves in Austria, Germany and Switzerland on their way towards Biosphere 4.0?","authors":"M. Jungmeier, A. Borsdorf, Valerie Braun, V. Häring, T. Hammer, Christina Pichler-Koban","doi":"10.1553/eco.mont-13-sis15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-13-sis15","url":null,"abstract":"The biosphere reserve (BR), as conceived by UNESCO, is a permanent intervention towards sustainable development. With 727 BRs in 131 countries (Österreichisches MAB-Nationalkomitee 2021), this means interventions in highly diverse environmental, economic, socio-cultural and institutional contexts. With the MAB Strategy 2015–2025, the Lima Declaration 2016 and the Lima Action Plan 2016–2025, UNESCO BRs should develop fully into model regions for the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals 2015–2030 (SDGs) (United Nations 2015). Because of their varied contexts, the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves consists of different, but globally self-similar, fractal institutions. In article we emphasize the understanding, implementation and management of BRs in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. These three European democracies are examples of federally structured states with comparatively wealthy economies as well as high political stability. Respect for property rights, regional acceptance, decentralized decision-making, and micro- and macro-economic considerations have always played decisive roles in the development of BRs in the DACH countries. We aim to identify, analyse and discuss the distinct characteristics and peculiarities of BRs in this area. We investigate how the framework conditions of sustainability, as presented in the concept of BRs, are perceived, discussed and implemented. As a basis for our analysis, we use a sample of 18 peer-reviewed publications, which were published collectively as a book on BRs in the DACH countries (Borsdorf et al. 2020). The individual publications present overviews, case studies and in-depth investigations in the three countries. All authors were invited to participate in a meta-text analysis. This was conducted in the form of a survey, a transdisciplinary workshop with a reflective design using a virtual whiteboard, and a concluding feedback loop. The results of the qualitative exploration are interpreted against the background of international comparisons and recent scholarly discussions. Based on the assumption that different types of ambigui-ties and conflicts are inherently a key element of the BR concept, we conclude that the DACH countries may have found specific ways to deal with and overcome these differences.","PeriodicalId":49079,"journal":{"name":"Eco Mont-Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85170911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1553/eco.mont-13-2s62
C. Walzer, G. Plaßmann
On 13 January 2021, the French Ministry of the Environment in cooperation with ALPARC, UNEP and the Permanent Secretariat of the Alpine Convention organized the virtual Mountain Biodiversity Day. The event gathered together experts in the field of mountain biodiversity and political representatives from mountain regions all over the world in order to stress the importance of mountain biodiversity within the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, especially in the context of the on-going pandemic and discussions on building back better. The Alpine session of the event, introduced by Guido Plassmann, was moderated by Chris Walzer and focused on the link between biodiversity and zoonoses - a major challenge for environmental policies worldwide. The topic is developed by the short text which follows.
{"title":"Mountain Biodiversity Day 2021 – biodiversity and pandemic","authors":"C. Walzer, G. Plaßmann","doi":"10.1553/eco.mont-13-2s62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-13-2s62","url":null,"abstract":"On 13 January 2021, the French Ministry of the Environment in cooperation with ALPARC, UNEP and the Permanent Secretariat of the Alpine Convention organized the virtual Mountain Biodiversity Day. The event gathered together experts in the field of mountain biodiversity and political representatives from mountain regions all over the world in order to stress the importance of mountain biodiversity within the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, especially in the context of the on-going pandemic and discussions on building back better. The Alpine session of the event, introduced by Guido Plassmann, was moderated by Chris Walzer and focused on the link between biodiversity and zoonoses - a major challenge for environmental policies worldwide. The topic is developed by the short text which follows.","PeriodicalId":49079,"journal":{"name":"Eco Mont-Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74941061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1553/eco.mont-13-sis27
Nina Botha, H. Job, F. Kimario
This article examines whether the Serengeti-Ngorongoro Biosphere Reserve, Tanzania, is successfully mitigating the immense challenges that rising population density and growing land-use pressure, as well as climate change and tourism, pose to vulnerable biodiversity hotspots, such as ancient Afromontane forests. The biosphere reserve’s management approach to ecological and socio-cultural heritage was analysed using the Global-Local Drivers of Change model as a theoretical basis, together with The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) analysis framework. This empirical study of a relatively old Sub-Saharan African biosphere reserve (established in 1981) used a qualitative research approach, where data was collected from focus groups living in the reserve, and semi-structured interviews with Ngorongoro Conservation Area officials and other main stakeholders. Results show that the management focus on environmental conservation over socio-cultural heritage has led to population growth, cultural change and landscape transformation, leading to human-wildlife conflicts and negative park-people relationships. It is concluded that this biosphere reserve needs to better exploit its vast potential and adjust its institutional structure and operational strategies to align with modern Other Effective Area-Based Conservation Methods. Profile
{"title":"Potential and challenges of the Serengeti-Ngorongoro Biosphere Reserve, Tanzania","authors":"Nina Botha, H. Job, F. Kimario","doi":"10.1553/eco.mont-13-sis27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-13-sis27","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines whether the Serengeti-Ngorongoro Biosphere Reserve, Tanzania, is successfully mitigating the immense challenges that rising population density and growing land-use pressure, as well as climate change and tourism, pose to vulnerable biodiversity hotspots, such as ancient Afromontane forests. The biosphere reserve’s management approach to ecological and socio-cultural heritage was analysed using the Global-Local Drivers of Change model as a theoretical basis, together with The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) analysis framework. This empirical study of a relatively old Sub-Saharan African biosphere reserve (established in 1981) used a qualitative research approach, where data was collected from focus groups living in the reserve, and semi-structured interviews with Ngorongoro Conservation Area officials and other main stakeholders. Results show that the management focus on environmental conservation over socio-cultural heritage has led to population growth, cultural change and landscape transformation, leading to human-wildlife conflicts and negative park-people relationships. It is concluded that this biosphere reserve needs to better exploit its vast potential and adjust its institutional structure and operational strategies to align with modern Other Effective Area-Based Conservation Methods. Profile","PeriodicalId":49079,"journal":{"name":"Eco Mont-Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87316002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1553/eco.mont-13-2s21
Živana Krejić, S. Milićević
{"title":"Motives for visiting the national parks of Serbia","authors":"Živana Krejić, S. Milićević","doi":"10.1553/eco.mont-13-2s21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-13-2s21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49079,"journal":{"name":"Eco Mont-Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78382125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：