Cancer Control最新文献

Background: The proportion and impact of minimal pleural effusion (PE) on prognosis remain blurred in operable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who reported minimal PE on imaging.

Methods: Clinical and prognostic data of operable NSCLC patients who presented no distant metastasis, no direct pleural invasion, but minimal PE on preoperative imaging were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into surgical (81 cases) and non-surgical (10 cases) cohorts. Potential or suspected malignant PE or pleural metastases were confirmed by surgery. The overall survival (OS) was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curve and prognostic factors by multivariate Cox regression.

Results: The surgical cohort reported no pleural invasion on preoperative imaging and no pleural metastases by postoperative pathology, with an overall median disease-free survival of 36.7 (28.6, 44.7) months and a median OS of 59.8 (45.7, 73.2) months, with the latter significantly longer in the surgical cohort than in the non-surgical cohort (59.8 months vs 20.37 months, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated surgical treatment as an independent prognostic factor for OS.

Conclusion: Malignant PE is rare in operable NSCLC patients who report the presence of minimal PE but no distant metastasis or direct pleural invasion on preoperative imaging. Surgery may be the preferred treatment for these patients.

Prostate Artery Embolization (PAE) is a novel minimally invasive angiographic technique that has been used effectively to treat men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, applications of PAE for men with prostate cancer have been minimally studied. This review serves as an update on the status of PAE in men with prostate cancer, as well as a discussion of emerging indications.

Introduction: Cancer patients often face challenges in managing their disease, particularly with regard to contraindications related to medications, foods, and physical activity, which can negatively affect treatment outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate cancer patients' awareness of these contraindications and to explore the influence of sociodemographic factors, support systems, comorbidities, and medication use on their knowledge.

Methods: A cross-sectional prospective study was conducted with 125 cancer patients in Saudi Arabia between December 2022 and February 2023. Participants were selected using purposive sampling, and data were collected through a validated questionnaire. Multinomial regression analysis was employed to identify the predictors of awareness of contraindicated medications, foods, and other environmental factors.

Results: Nationality, co-morbidities, and cancer duration were significant predictors of awareness regarding contraindicated drugs. Saudi patients were more likely to be aware of contraindicated medications (P = 0.010), and those without chronic diseases were 15 times more likely to know about drug contraindications (OR = 15.076, 95% CI: 3.442-66.042). Cancer diagnosis (P = 0.033) and cancer duration (P = 0.022) were also significant for food contraindications. Over 58% were unaware of the need to regulate body temperature during treatment. Location influenced exercise awareness (P = 0.064) and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) awareness, with rural participants showing higher CAM knowledge (P = 0.001).

Conclusion: This study emphasizes the need to improve cancer patients' awareness of contraindications, particularly regarding medications and foods. Key factors influencing awareness include nationality, co-morbidities, and cancer duration. While family support is beneficial, it doesn't directly enhance knowledge, highlighting the importance of targeted educational interventions to improve patient outcomes and safety.

Objective: Our study aimed to update demographic profiles of sinonasal adenocarcinoma (SNAC) between 2000 and 2020, identify independent prognostic risk factors, and devise a predictive nomogram for overall survival (OS).

Methods: Utilizing the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, cases of SNAC from 2000 to 2020 were analyzed for incidence trends. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models helped pinpoint factors impacting patient survival. A prognostic nomogram was then created based on these factors and assessed via concordance index, ROC analysis, and calibration curves.

Results: Analysis of 488 SNAC patients indicated a rising incidence, peaking among 60-69-year-olds, with a male predominance and the highest occurrence in White populations. Common sites of occurrence included the nasal cavity, and the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses. The nomogram, developed with 184 patients, highlighted older age (≥70), male sex, advanced T stages (T4b, T4a), distant metastasis, larger tumors (≥5 cm), and lack of surgery as poor prognostic indicators. Nomogram performance demonstrated strong predictive capabilities in both training and validation cohorts.

Conclusion: This investigation, leveraging the SEER database, elucidates the epidemiology of SNAC and pinpoints key adverse prognostic determinants: age ≥70, male gender, T stages T4b and T4a, presence of distant metastasis, tumor size exceeding 5 cm, and absence of surgical intervention. Moreover, it introduces a novel nomogram capable of accurately forecasting 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS for SNAC patients, thereby enhancing disease comprehension and facilitating the formulation of tailored therapeutic strategies by clinicians.

Introduction: EGFR and KRAS mutations are frequently detected in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Tumor mutational signature (TMS) determination is an approach to identify somatic mutational patterns associated with pathogenic factors. In this study, through the analysis of TMS, the underlying pathogenic factors of LUAD with EGFR and KRAS mutations were traced.

Methods: This was a retrospective study. TMS of LUAD with KRAS and EGFR mutations from the TCGA, OncoSG, and MSK datasets was determined by two bioinformatics tools, namely the "MutationalPatterns" and "FitMS" packages. Elevated microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotide repeats (EMAST) of LUAD clinical specimens was analyzed using capillary electrophoresis.

Results: In LUAD with KRAS mutations, TMS analysis indicated that the smoking-related SBS4 signature was enriched. For LUAD with EGFR L858R mutation, the smoking-related SBS4 signature was enriched in the Western population from the TCGA database; however, the smoking-related SBS4 signature was not obvious in Asian LUAD patients. LUAD with EGFR exon19 deletion (19Del) exhibited stronger SBS15 signature, which was related to defective DNA mismatch repair. Capillary electrophoresis analysis showed that an EMAST locus was frequently instable in LUAD with EGFR 19Del. Different from the Western population, Asian LUAD patients with EGFR mutations exhibited the enrichment of SBS1, SBS2, and SBS13 signatures, which were associated with the endogenous mutation process of cytidine deamination.

Conclusions: TMS analysis reveals that smoking is associated with LUAD with KRAS mutations. Defective DNA mismatch repair and endogenous cytidine deamination are associated with LUAD with EGFR mutations, especially for the EGFR 19Del. The endogenous mutational process is stronger in Asian LUAD patients than Western LUAD patients.

Background: CRISPR/Cas9 technology has rapidly advanced as a pivotal tool in cancer research, particularly in the precision targeting required for both detecting and treating malignancies. Its high specificity and low off-target effects make it exceptionally effective in applications involving Human Papillomavirus (HPV) related diseases, most notably cervical cancer. This approach offers a refined methodology for the rapid detection of viral infections and provides a robust platform for the safe and effective treatment of diseases associated with viral infections through gene therapy.Purpose: Gene therapy, within this context, involves the strategic delivery of genetic material into target cells via a vector. This is followed by the meticulous modulation of gene expression, whether through correction, addition, or suppression, specifically honed to target tumor cells while sparing healthy cells. This dual capacity to diagnose and treat at such a precise level underscores the transformative potential of CRISPR/Cas9 in contemporary medical science, particularly in oncology and virology.Research Design: This article provides an overview of the advancements made in utilizing the CRISPR-Cas9 system as a research tool for HPV-related treatments while summarizing its application status in basic research, diagnosis, and treatment of HPV.Data Collection: Furthermore, it discusses the future prospects for this technology within emerging areas of HPV research and precision medicine in clinical practice, while highlighting technical challenges and potential directions for future development.

Purpose: Splenic metastases (SM) from breast cancer (SMBC) are exceedingly rare. To date, the relevant literature is primarily based on pan-tumour species, with only a few studies exploring SM specifically in relation to breast cancer. As such, the present retrospective study explored the clinicopathological characteristics and prognoses of patients with SMBC at the breast care centre of the authors' hospital.

Methods: Data from patients newly diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) between June 2017 and June 2022 were extracted from medical records at the authors' hospital. Clinicopathological characteristics and their associations with progression-free survival (PFS [time from diagnosis of initial recurrence and/or metastasis to diagnosis of SM]), first overall survival (^1stOS [time from diagnosis of breast cancer to death or last follow-up visit]), and second overall survival (^2ndOS [time from diagnosis of SM to death or last follow-up visit]) were analysed in patients with SMBC.

Results: In total, 1009 patients with MBC were identified, of whom 18 (1.7%) had SM. T1 and T2 stages were documented in 15 (83.3%) patients, whereas N2 and N3 were documented in 13 (62.2%). 14 (77.8%) patients were oestrogen receptor and/or progesterone receptor positive. A Ki-67 index ≥ 30% accounted for 72.2% (13/18) of cases, and all patients were histological grade II or III. Liver and/or lung metastases were documented in all 18 (100%) patients. Median PFS was 6.3 months. The median ^1stOS and ^2ndOS were 41.8 and 10.6 months, respectively. The number of previous treatment lines before diagnosis of SM was a significant adverse prognostic factor for PFS, and disease-free survival was a significant adverse prognostic factor for ^1stOS.

Conclusion: SMBC commonly presents with diffuse multiple organ metastases in the terminal stage of malignancy and has a poor prognosis, which may provide deeper insight into SMBC for clinicians.