Cancer Control最新文献

Introduction: Whole-brain radiotherapy simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy (WBRT + SIB-IMRT) is a potential treatment approach for brain metastasis (BM) that may result in improved overall survival (OS). However, the safety and efficacy of WBRT + SIB-IMRT combined with anlotinib for BM treatment remain uncertain.

Methods: We retrospectively compared the safety and efficacy of anlotinib + WBRT + SIB-IMRT with those of WBRT + SIB-IMRT in patients with BM from 2019 to 2022. The adverse reaction type and grade, intracranial objective response rate (iORR), intracranial disease control rate (iDCR), OS, and intracranial progression-free survival (iPFS) of anlotinib + WBRT + SIB-IMRT were compared with those of WBRT + SIB-IMRT alone.

Results: In total, 63 patients received either anlotinib + WBRT + SIB-IMRT or WBRT + SIB-IMRT alone (n = 31 and 32, respectively). No significant clinical differences were found between the two groups. The iORR and iDCR were higher in the anlotinib + WBRT + SIB-IMRT group than in the WBRT + SIB-IMRT group. The median iPFS and median OS of the 31 patients who received anlotinib + WBRT + SIB-IMRT were 14.5 and 18.9 months, respectively, whereas the median iPFS and median OS for the 32 patients who received WBRT + SIB-IMRT alone were 11.4 and 14.9 months, respectively. Thus, anlotinib combined with WBRT + SIB-IMRT increased the duration of iPFS, but not OS. iPFS was influenced by the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score, age, extracranial distant metastasis, and addition of anlotinib to treatment, whereas OS correlated with age, extracranial distant metastasis, and KPS score. No treatment-related adverse events of grade 3 or higher occurred in either group.

Conclusions: Anlotinib combined with WBRT + SIB-IMRT is effective for BM and is well tolerated by patients.

Background: CRISPR/Cas9 technology has rapidly advanced as a pivotal tool in cancer research, particularly in the precision targeting required for both detecting and treating malignancies. Its high specificity and low off-target effects make it exceptionally effective in applications involving Human Papillomavirus (HPV) related diseases, most notably cervical cancer. This approach offers a refined methodology for the rapid detection of viral infections and provides a robust platform for the safe and effective treatment of diseases associated with viral infections through gene therapy.Purpose: Gene therapy, within this context, involves the strategic delivery of genetic material into target cells via a vector. This is followed by the meticulous modulation of gene expression, whether through correction, addition, or suppression, specifically honed to target tumor cells while sparing healthy cells. This dual capacity to diagnose and treat at such a precise level underscores the transformative potential of CRISPR/Cas9 in contemporary medical science, particularly in oncology and virology.Research Design: This article provides an overview of the advancements made in utilizing the CRISPR-Cas9 system as a research tool for HPV-related treatments while summarizing its application status in basic research, diagnosis, and treatment of HPV.Data Collection: Furthermore, it discusses the future prospects for this technology within emerging areas of HPV research and precision medicine in clinical practice, while highlighting technical challenges and potential directions for future development.

Introduction: A few studies have examined whether the safety and efficacy of moderate hypofractionated post-prostatectomy radiotherapy (moderate HYPORT, also called MYSTERY) are equal to those of conventionally fractionated post-prostatectomy radiotherapy (COPORT) in patients with localized prostate cancer. Therefore, this study aims to compare the safety and efficacy of MYSTERY and COPORT in patients with postoperative prostate cancer.

Methods and analysis: This study is a prospective, single-center, open-label, randomized controlled clinical trial. Patients with localized prostate cancer will be randomly allocated to receive COPORT (66-74 Gy at 2 Gy per fraction) or MYSTERY (57.5-65 Gy at 2.5 Gy per fraction). The primary outcomes are radiotherapy-related gastrointestinal and genitourinary adverse events. Secondary outcomes include progression-free survival, quality of life, medical expenses, and overall survival.

Background: Pediatric cancer significantly affects the quality of life (QOL) of patients and their families/caregivers particularly in low-income countries where there is scarcity of resources. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the QOL and associated factors among family/caregivers of pediatric patients treated for cancer at Tikur Anbassa Specialized Hospital (TASH), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Method: An institution-based cross-sectional study design was used to collect information from family/caregivers who were present in the pediatric oncology unit at TASH from January 2, 2023 to May 30, 2023. The validated Amharic version of the caregiver oncology quality of life questionnaire (CarGOQOL) was used to collect the data. A random sampling technique was applied to select the study participants. The descriptive and regression analysis were conducted using statistical software SPSS version 27.0.

Results: A total of 350 family/caregivers answered the questionnaire. The overall response rate was 82.7%, and about 55% of the respondents were women. Among the participants, under-35 age made up the majority (60.9%). About 81% of family/caregivers were parents, and 77.7% of family/caregivers were married. More than half of the participants have at least a secondary level education. In addition, about two-thirds of the participants (63%) live in rural areas. Furthermore, more than half of the participants generate less than $17.86 per month. Nearly fifty percent of family/caregivers of pediatric cancer patients had poor QOL. The finding showed that widowed family/caregivers (AOR:5.59, 95%CI: 1.12, 27.79, P-value: 0.03) had poor QOL as compared to married, and those with a monthly income of between $17.87- $89.29 were less likely to have poor QOL compared to those with an income below <$17.87 (P-value: 0.01).

Conclusion: In the current study, poor QOL was high among family/caregivers of pediatric cancer patients. Being widowed and lowest income were significantly associated with the QOL of the caregivers of pediatric patients with cancer.

Purpose: Splenic metastases (SM) from breast cancer (SMBC) are exceedingly rare. To date, the relevant literature is primarily based on pan-tumour species, with only a few studies exploring SM specifically in relation to breast cancer. As such, the present retrospective study explored the clinicopathological characteristics and prognoses of patients with SMBC at the breast care centre of the authors' hospital.

Methods: Data from patients newly diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) between June 2017 and June 2022 were extracted from medical records at the authors' hospital. Clinicopathological characteristics and their associations with progression-free survival (PFS [time from diagnosis of initial recurrence and/or metastasis to diagnosis of SM]), first overall survival (^1stOS [time from diagnosis of breast cancer to death or last follow-up visit]), and second overall survival (^2ndOS [time from diagnosis of SM to death or last follow-up visit]) were analysed in patients with SMBC.

Results: In total, 1009 patients with MBC were identified, of whom 18 (1.7%) had SM. T1 and T2 stages were documented in 15 (83.3%) patients, whereas N2 and N3 were documented in 13 (62.2%). 14 (77.8%) patients were oestrogen receptor and/or progesterone receptor positive. A Ki-67 index ≥ 30% accounted for 72.2% (13/18) of cases, and all patients were histological grade II or III. Liver and/or lung metastases were documented in all 18 (100%) patients. Median PFS was 6.3 months. The median ^1stOS and ^2ndOS were 41.8 and 10.6 months, respectively. The number of previous treatment lines before diagnosis of SM was a significant adverse prognostic factor for PFS, and disease-free survival was a significant adverse prognostic factor for ^1stOS.

Conclusion: SMBC commonly presents with diffuse multiple organ metastases in the terminal stage of malignancy and has a poor prognosis, which may provide deeper insight into SMBC for clinicians.

Background: Cervical cancer ranks as the fourth most common cancer among women, with 662,301 new cases and 348,874 deaths reported in 2022. The majority of the disease burden occurs in low- and middle-income countries. In Ghana, there were 3072 new cases and 1815 deaths reported in 2022. While human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, a key cause for cervical cancer, resolves in most individuals, it can progress to cancer in some. This has led to research into other factors that may, in conjunction with HPV, increase the risk of cervical cancer progression. Improving knowledge of HPV, risk factors, and screening will be important in reducing the burden of cervical cancer. In this study, we investigate the knowledge on HPV, risk factors, and cervical screening among women in Ghana.

Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted among women aged 18 to 95 years. This involved Ghanaian women diagnosed with cervical cancer and hospital controls. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, and basic descriptive analyses were performed.

Results: Results from the 206 cases and 230 controls revealed limited knowledge about HPV and its role in cervical cancer development, with minimal disparity between women with (2.4%) and without (6.5%) cervical cancer. The majority of participants lacked awareness of HPV transmission (95.9%), and awareness of HPV vaccination was low (3.5%). Barriers to HPV vaccination included insufficient awareness about HPV, limited access to vaccination centers, and cost concerns. Respondents expressed a preference for educational programs delivered through church, radio, and television channels.

Conclusions: Knowledge of HPV, risk factors, and cervical screening was found to be very low among Ghanaian women. These findings underscore the need for a comprehensive cervical cancer educational initiative within Ghana's national cervical cancer control policy to mitigate the disease's impact.