British Journal of Occupational Therapy最新文献

Introduction: Strategic workforce planning is a priority for health and social care, and the city of Leeds is focused on localised planning to balance supply and demand and develop this based on changing needs of the system. There are gaps in data required for Occupational Therapy (OT) workforce modelling; therefore, we need to find out whether proxy data exist that can support this activity in Leeds.

Method: This scoping review appraised existing OT workforce literature from five academic databases using a three-staged approach, capturing any degree of data relating to OT workforce from the last 10 years; evidence-based workforce data to be applied to workforce planning where actual workforce data is unavailable.

Results: We included nine papers in this scoping review, organising available data under three headings: current capacity of OT workforce, OT workforce entering the health and care system and returning to practice OTs and outflows reflecting turnover data.

Conclusion: Findings demonstrated significant gaps in available workforce data for Occupational Therapists to support collaborative workforce planning in the Leeds Health and Care System. The available data vary hugely limiting opportunities for proxy data utilisation. Improved consistency and quality of OT data are crucial to support future workforce planning.

Introduction: Physical literacy encompasses the confidence, motivation and competence to engage in physical activity. While physical literacy is often self-reported, its relationship to actual motor skill performance remains unclear. This study explored the association between children's self-perceived physical literacy and their objectively measured motor skills.

Method: Twenty-eight neurotypical children aged 8-12 years completed two self-report measures of physical literacy: Physical Literacy Assessment for Youth Self and Physical Literacy for Children Questionnaire (PL-C Quest). Participants also completed the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency - Second Edition (BOT-2). Spearman's rho correlations were conducted to examine the relationships between the PLAYself, Physical Literacy for Children Questionnaire and Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency - Second Edition.

Results: One statistically significant positive correlation was found between the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency - Second Edition Body Coordination composite and the Physical Literacy Assessment for Youth Self Relative Rankings - Physical Literacy subscale (ρ = 0.41, p < 0.05). No other significant correlations were identified between the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency - Second Edition and either of the two physical literacy self-report tools.

Conclusion: Most self-reported physical literacy scores were not significantly associated with motor skill performance, suggesting a minimal relationship overall. However, children with stronger coordination reported higher scores in movement and sport. Combining self-report and performance-based tools may provide a more holistic understanding of children's physical literacy and occupational participation.

Introduction: This study aimed to measure the effectiveness of our rehabilitation program for patients with Post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) by comparing their symptoms before and after intervention.

Method: A prospective cohort study was conducted with adults referred to a COVID clinic over 6 months. Participants (n = 48) were assessed at three timepoints and served as their own control, allowing comparison of symptom changes during a 6-week waiting period versus a 6-week rehabilitation period. The virtual group rehabilitation program, led by occupational therapy and physiotherapy, offered practical strategies, peer support and guidance to enhance daily function and quality of life.

Results: Of 117 invited, 48 (41%) consented and completed baseline measures. After excluding incomplete data, 36 participants were included in the analysis. Unlike many PCS studies lacking comparators, this within-subject design strengthened the findings. No significant changes occurred during the waiting period, but significant improvements were seen post-intervention:C19-YRSm: 29 ± 1.7 (baseline), 28.3 ± 1.7 (week 6, p = 0.34), improving to 18.3 ± 1.9 (week 12, p < 0.001).MFIS: 54.1 ± 2.8 (baseline), 54.2 ± 2.6 (week 6, p = 0.18), improving to 36.8 ± 3.2 (week 12, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: A virtual MDT-led rehabilitation program significantly reduced PCS symptoms, supporting the value of structured rehabilitation in PCS recovery.

Introduction: Occupational therapy is evolving rapidly due to technological advances and demographic and sociocultural changes. Recognizing emerging trends is fundamental to developing responsive educational programs, evidence-based practices, and adaptive health policies. This study explores expert perspectives across five themes: (1) Future Technologies, (2) Neuroscience and Biotechnology Integration, (3) Technology-Based Therapy Approaches, (4) Sociocultural and Demographic Impacts, and (5) Innovative Educational Methods.

Method: A three-round Delphi study was conducted with 36 occupational therapy professionals. The sample included 12 academicians (mean age (M) = 34.5, 67% female), 12 clinicians (M = 31.2, 75% female), and 12 final-year interns (M = 23.1, 92% female). The mean professional experience was 6.0 years for academicians and 5.8 years for clinicians. Thematic analysis and Kendall's W were used to evaluate consensus.

Results: Participants emphasized the importance of integrating virtual reality/augmented reality interventions, artificial intelligence-supported assessments, and telehealth into occupational therapy practice. Neuroplasticity-based interventions and simulation-based learning were highlighted for future competence. Ethical concerns regarding artificial intelligence, as well as cost and digital literacy barriers, were also noted.

Conclusion: To meet future challenges, occupational therapists should enhance digital competencies, ensure accessibility, and develop inclusive, culturally responsive practices. Findings inform clinical, educational, and policy strategies in occupational therapy.

Introduction: Occupational balance is an important concept in occupational therapy. However, no validated Occupational balance assessments currently exist in Lithuania. This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Lithuanian version of the Occupational Balance Questionnaire 11 (OBQ11-LT).

Method: A total of 127 healthy adults completed the OBQ11-LT to evaluate construct validity. Of these, 53 participants were randomly assigned to complete the questionnaire again after 7-10 days to assess test-retest reliability. Construct validity was examined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Test-retest reliability was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for both total scores and individual items. Internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach's alpha.

Findings: The model demonstrated acceptable fit (χ²(45) = 719.79, p < 0.001; CFI = 0.933; TLI = 0.909; RMSEA = 0.106). The ICC between test and retest OBQ11-LT total score was 0.924. Total scores showed a significant statistical relationship (p < 0.01), indicating good reliability. Cronbach's alpha for the OBQ11-LT total score was 0.915, indicating acceptable internal consistency.

Conclusion: OBQ11-LT demonstrates good reliability and validity for assessing occupational balance in general populations. Its psychometric properties are suitable for practice and research, making it a valuable tool for studying occupational balance in similar contexts and broadening the research areas for Lithuanian occupational therapists.

Introduction: Occupational therapy is an inherently emotional endeavour for both clients and therapists. Despite navigating diverse and challenging work environments, relatively little is known about how occupational therapists are expected to manage and express their emotions in line with job-related emotion norms. The aim of this study was to explore the emotional labour experiences of occupational therapists when interacting with clients.

Method: Fourteen qualified occupational therapists (11 female and 3 male) took part in a semi-structured interview about practice-related emotion norms, emotion regulation and emotion performance demands. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Findings: Two overarching themes captured the complexities of emotional labour when interacting with clients including (1) navigating subjective emotion norms, and, (2) negotiating authentic and inauthentic emotions to nurture the therapeutic relationship. Prioritizing client needs informed how and what emotions were expressed and regardless of the emotional labour strategies adopted, therapists strived for perceptions of sincerity in their relationships with clients.

Discussion: The enactment of emotional labour when interacting with clients is critical to delivering therapy and meeting professional standards. The findings have implications for practitioners (e.g. reflective practice, self-care), managers (e.g. supervision) and organizations (e.g. support structures, education) and point to fruitful avenues for research.

Introduction: Depression is characterised by loss of interest in activities and difficulty carrying out everyday tasks. Occupational therapy supports people to participate in the activities they want or need to do; however, there is limited evidence on the perceived effectiveness of occupational therapy for people with depression.

Methods: The study aims/objectives were to identify service user perspectives on (i) the effectiveness of individualised occupational therapy in enabling improvement in occupational functioning and participation, and (ii) the most effective components of occupational therapy. Semi-structured interviews with community-dwelling adults diagnosed with severe, and predominantly enduring, depression and an identified occupational need, who had received occupational therapy, were analysed thematically. Participants ( n  = 7) were derived from a larger mixed-methods study.

Findings: Three key themes were identified: Occupational therapy is about doing everyday activities which supports positive change; occupational therapy is client-centred which supports progress; the skills, attributes and characteristics of occupational therapists are important.

Conclusions: Compelling narratives of how occupational therapy improves participation were evident, providing detailed information on the perceived effectiveness of occupational therapy. This research supports the evidence base for occupational therapy in mental health by mapping the perceived mechanisms of change, or aspects of occupational therapy participants found most helpful.

Introduction: Occupational performance coaching is a collaborative, strengths-based approach used by occupational therapists working with children and families. This study evaluates the acceptability and feasibility of delivering an online occupational performance coaching programme for parents of children with disabilities in the United Kingdom.

Method: Mixed-methods feasibility study. Eight UK-based families with children with disabilities participated in four to eight online coaching sessions. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure was used to measure changes in occupational performance. The Parenting Stress Index Fourth Edition (short form) was used to measure changes in parental stress. Six parents were interviewed, and four therapists participated in a focus group to explore their experiences of the programme.

Results: Parents and therapists reported a high level of acceptability for the telehealth coaching intervention. Parents reported positive changes in occupational performance (mean difference 3.29; p = 0.01) occupational satisfaction (mean difference 3.99; p = 0.01). Parents' average total stress decreased by 12.5 points with greatest reductions in the parental distress subscale. Therapist fidelity to intervention was relatively low.

Conclusion: The coaching programme was acceptable for parents who responded well to the intervention with noted gains in occupational performance and satisfaction. Programme delivery was feasible for therapists though further training in occupational performance coaching is recommended.

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the Turkish version of the Daily Living Self-Efficacy Scale for cultural adaptation, validity, and reliability.

Materials and methods: One hundred and four people with stroke (male 60; female 44) were included in the study. The Turkish Daily Living Self-Efficacy Scale was evaluated for data quality, scaling assumptions, acceptability, test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and divergent validity. The Mini-Mental State Examination, Functional Independence Measure, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Fatigue Severity Scale, and Frenchay Activities Index tests were administered for divergent validity. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Cronbach's alpha, intraclass correlation coefficients, and Pearson's correlation coefficients. The translation and cross-cultural adaptation process followed Beaton's guidelines.

Results: The response rate was 100% for both test and retest, with no missing data. Following the cross-cultural adaptation, minor modifications were made to enhance cultural relevance. The Cronbach alpha coefficient for internal consistency of the Daily Living Self-Efficacy Scale was 0.979, and the intraclass correlation coefficient for test-retest reliability was 0.990. This indicated high reliability. According to the results of various validity analyses, the Daily Living Self-Efficacy Scale showed a strong correlation with the Functional Independence Measure, Mini-Mental State Examination, Fatigue Severity Scale, and Frenchay Activities Index (r = 0.424-0.617; p < 0.01).

Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence of the validity and reliability of the Turkish Daily Living Self-Efficacy Scale.