British Journal of Occupational Therapy最新文献

Introduction: Occupational therapy is an inherently emotional endeavour for both clients and therapists. Despite navigating diverse and challenging work environments, relatively little is known about how occupational therapists are expected to manage and express their emotions in line with job-related emotion norms. The aim of this study was to explore the emotional labour experiences of occupational therapists when interacting with clients.

Method: Fourteen qualified occupational therapists (11 female and 3 male) took part in a semi-structured interview about practice-related emotion norms, emotion regulation and emotion performance demands. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Findings: Two overarching themes captured the complexities of emotional labour when interacting with clients including (1) navigating subjective emotion norms, and, (2) negotiating authentic and inauthentic emotions to nurture the therapeutic relationship. Prioritizing client needs informed how and what emotions were expressed and regardless of the emotional labour strategies adopted, therapists strived for perceptions of sincerity in their relationships with clients.

Discussion: The enactment of emotional labour when interacting with clients is critical to delivering therapy and meeting professional standards. The findings have implications for practitioners (e.g. reflective practice, self-care), managers (e.g. supervision) and organizations (e.g. support structures, education) and point to fruitful avenues for research.

Introduction: Depression is characterised by loss of interest in activities and difficulty carrying out everyday tasks. Occupational therapy supports people to participate in the activities they want or need to do; however, there is limited evidence on the perceived effectiveness of occupational therapy for people with depression.

Methods: The study aims/objectives were to identify service user perspectives on (i) the effectiveness of individualised occupational therapy in enabling improvement in occupational functioning and participation, and (ii) the most effective components of occupational therapy. Semi-structured interviews with community-dwelling adults diagnosed with severe, and predominantly enduring, depression and an identified occupational need, who had received occupational therapy, were analysed thematically. Participants ( n  = 7) were derived from a larger mixed-methods study.

Findings: Three key themes were identified: Occupational therapy is about doing everyday activities which supports positive change; occupational therapy is client-centred which supports progress; the skills, attributes and characteristics of occupational therapists are important.

Conclusions: Compelling narratives of how occupational therapy improves participation were evident, providing detailed information on the perceived effectiveness of occupational therapy. This research supports the evidence base for occupational therapy in mental health by mapping the perceived mechanisms of change, or aspects of occupational therapy participants found most helpful.

Introduction: Occupational performance coaching is a collaborative, strengths-based approach used by occupational therapists working with children and families. This study evaluates the acceptability and feasibility of delivering an online occupational performance coaching programme for parents of children with disabilities in the United Kingdom.

Method: Mixed-methods feasibility study. Eight UK-based families with children with disabilities participated in four to eight online coaching sessions. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure was used to measure changes in occupational performance. The Parenting Stress Index Fourth Edition (short form) was used to measure changes in parental stress. Six parents were interviewed, and four therapists participated in a focus group to explore their experiences of the programme.

Results: Parents and therapists reported a high level of acceptability for the telehealth coaching intervention. Parents reported positive changes in occupational performance (mean difference 3.29; p = 0.01) occupational satisfaction (mean difference 3.99; p = 0.01). Parents' average total stress decreased by 12.5 points with greatest reductions in the parental distress subscale. Therapist fidelity to intervention was relatively low.

Conclusion: The coaching programme was acceptable for parents who responded well to the intervention with noted gains in occupational performance and satisfaction. Programme delivery was feasible for therapists though further training in occupational performance coaching is recommended.

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the Turkish version of the Daily Living Self-Efficacy Scale for cultural adaptation, validity, and reliability.

Materials and methods: One hundred and four people with stroke (male 60; female 44) were included in the study. The Turkish Daily Living Self-Efficacy Scale was evaluated for data quality, scaling assumptions, acceptability, test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and divergent validity. The Mini-Mental State Examination, Functional Independence Measure, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Fatigue Severity Scale, and Frenchay Activities Index tests were administered for divergent validity. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Cronbach's alpha, intraclass correlation coefficients, and Pearson's correlation coefficients. The translation and cross-cultural adaptation process followed Beaton's guidelines.

Results: The response rate was 100% for both test and retest, with no missing data. Following the cross-cultural adaptation, minor modifications were made to enhance cultural relevance. The Cronbach alpha coefficient for internal consistency of the Daily Living Self-Efficacy Scale was 0.979, and the intraclass correlation coefficient for test-retest reliability was 0.990. This indicated high reliability. According to the results of various validity analyses, the Daily Living Self-Efficacy Scale showed a strong correlation with the Functional Independence Measure, Mini-Mental State Examination, Fatigue Severity Scale, and Frenchay Activities Index (r = 0.424-0.617; p < 0.01).

Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence of the validity and reliability of the Turkish Daily Living Self-Efficacy Scale.

Introduction: There are individual differences in processing sensory information. Growing evidence indicates that differences in sensory processing may contribute to a greater risk of developing mental ill-health issues. This study aimed to explore the relationship between sensory processing patterns and depression, anxiety, and stress in healthy adults.

Method: This cross-sectional study included 341 healthy adults, aged between 18 and 60. Participants completed a sociodemographic form, the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21.

Results: Sensory sensitivity, low registration, and sensory avoidance had positive moderate correlations with depression, anxiety, and stress (p < 0.001); sensory sensitivity was negatively correlated with stress (p < 0.05). Regression models indicated that both sensory sensitivity and low registration patterns were predictors of depression, anxiety, stress, and the total score of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21. The sensory avoidance predicted depression, while the sensory seeking pattern was linked only to stress.

Conclusion: Passive self-regulation strategies (sensory sensitivity and low registration) may play a role in experiencing mental ill-health issues. In contrast, active self-regulation strategies (sensory avoidance and sensory seeking) may help protect against these mental health challenges. Occupational therapists can help clients manage mental health issues better by addressing sensory processing patterns. However, more evidence is required.

Background: Due to the unpredictable and progressive nature of multiple sclerosis, the impact of MS is felt beyond the diagnosed individual, extending to the caregivers supporting them. This study aimed to explore how multiple sclerosis severity affects caregivers' occupational performance outcomes, including the role of coping strategies in these outcomes.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, caregivers participated in three groups. Group 1 (n = 64), caregivers of patients with mild MS severity; Group 2 (n = 45), caregivers of patients with moderate multiple sclerosis severity; and Group 3 (n = 32), caregivers of patients with severe multiple sclerosis severity. Caregivers were assessed using a sociodemographic information form, the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, and the Coping with Multiple Sclerosis Caregiving Inventory.

Findings: A total of 282 participants, including 141 multiple sclerosis patients and 141 caregivers, were enrolled. Caregivers reported low-to-average occupational performance, with the greatest challenges in self-care, leisure, and productivity. Significant inverse correlations were found between multiple sclerosis severity and both occupational performance and caregiver satisfaction. Caregivers of patients with severe multiple sclerosis faced more difficulties, particularly in Avoidance, Practical Assistance, and Satisfaction. Multiple regression showed that caregiver satisfaction was influenced by age, caregiving duration, and patient gender.

Conclusion: This study revealed the significant impact of multiple sclerosis severity on caregivers' occupational performance and coping strategies, highlighting the need for effective interventions such as caregiver training programs, psychological support, and respite care, especially for those with advanced multiple sclerosis. Policymakers must focus on creating robust caregiver support systems to alleviate the socioeconomic impact of multiple sclerosis on families and communities.

Introduction: Mild cognitive impairment impairs activities of daily living, independence and social participation in older adults. This study investigated the association between perceived occupational performance and balance, gait and fear of falling in older adults with mild cognitive impairment.

Method: The study included 36 older adults over the age of 65 with mild cognitive impairment . Balance and gait of the older adults were assessed with the Tinetti balance and gait test, fear of falling with the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia and occupational performance with the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. The relationship between Canadian Occupational Performance Measure and other parameters was analysed by Spearmen's test.

Results: The mean age of the participants was 75.13 ± 6.92 years. There was a moderate positive correlation between the satisfaction parameter of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure and the Tinetti gait test (r = 0.54, p < 0.01) and the Tinetti total score (r = 0.41, p < 0.05). There was no relationship between the other parameters.

Conclusion: Current findings suggest that older adults with mild cognitive impairment have different perceptions of activities of daily living and that gait problems of individuals with mild cognitive impairment affect perceived occupational satisfaction more than balance and fear of falling.Clinical Trial Number: NCT06513325.

Introduction: Police officers' occupational patterns and their needs for health promotion are rarely addressed in police health research, partly due to the lack of specific instruments. This study describes the initial steps in developing an instrument that targets officers' lifestyles and health, utilising occupational therapy and - science.

Method: The study includes 48 participants and uses an instrument development methodology. First, the construct was defined through theoretical dimensions with two focus groups. Second, items were developed and tested during cognitive interviews with 28 officers. Finally, the instrument underwent content validity testing with nine occupational therapists.

Results: The instrument is based on the construct of police officers' conditions for a sustainable and healthy lifestyle. This refers to an individualised, balanced lifestyle that enables participation, choice and control, supporting healthy routines, roles and meaningful occupations across various life domains shaped by social, occupational and physical environments over time. All domains encompass aspects of working and personal life, and the balance between them.

Conclusion: The instrument's psychometric properties, representativeness and feasibility need to be continuously evaluated. Subsequently, occupational therapists and human resource personnel may use it to promote police officers' sustainable lifestyles and life balance as an assessment and a self-reflection tool.

Objective: This study examines the mental health status of university students directly affected by the earthquake in the disaster zone and those indirectly affected by being outside the earthquake zone during the Kahramanmaraş earthquake that struck Turkey on February 6, 2023.

Methods: A total of 109 students from 37 universities in 24 cities participated. Data were collected using an online survey that included a Demographic Information Form, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), the Earthquake Anxiety Scale, the DSM-5 PTSD checklist, and the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale-21. Mental health outcomes of directly and indirectly affected students were compared.

Results: Students directly affected showed significantly higher levels of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and earthquake-related anxiety. Among indirectly affected students, females reported higher IES-R, PTSD, and earthquake anxiety scores than males. Regression analysis identified factors such as earthquake exposure, loss of relatives, involvement in search and rescue, and relocation as linked to adverse mental health outcomes.

Conclusion: Although students directly affected by the earthquake are at greater risk for PTSD, depression, and anxiety, both groups face significant mental health problems. As these effects may be ongoing rather than temporary, the role of occupational therapy in promoting occupational engagement and mental health in disaster management is noteworthy.