British Journal of Occupational Therapy最新文献

Introduction: There are individual differences in processing sensory information. Growing evidence indicates that differences in sensory processing may contribute to a greater risk of developing mental ill-health issues. This study aimed to explore the relationship between sensory processing patterns and depression, anxiety, and stress in healthy adults.

Method: This cross-sectional study included 341 healthy adults, aged between 18 and 60. Participants completed a sociodemographic form, the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21.

Results: Sensory sensitivity, low registration, and sensory avoidance had positive moderate correlations with depression, anxiety, and stress (p < 0.001); sensory sensitivity was negatively correlated with stress (p < 0.05). Regression models indicated that both sensory sensitivity and low registration patterns were predictors of depression, anxiety, stress, and the total score of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21. The sensory avoidance predicted depression, while the sensory seeking pattern was linked only to stress.

Conclusion: Passive self-regulation strategies (sensory sensitivity and low registration) may play a role in experiencing mental ill-health issues. In contrast, active self-regulation strategies (sensory avoidance and sensory seeking) may help protect against these mental health challenges. Occupational therapists can help clients manage mental health issues better by addressing sensory processing patterns. However, more evidence is required.

Background: Due to the unpredictable and progressive nature of multiple sclerosis, the impact of MS is felt beyond the diagnosed individual, extending to the caregivers supporting them. This study aimed to explore how multiple sclerosis severity affects caregivers' occupational performance outcomes, including the role of coping strategies in these outcomes.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, caregivers participated in three groups. Group 1 (n = 64), caregivers of patients with mild MS severity; Group 2 (n = 45), caregivers of patients with moderate multiple sclerosis severity; and Group 3 (n = 32), caregivers of patients with severe multiple sclerosis severity. Caregivers were assessed using a sociodemographic information form, the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, and the Coping with Multiple Sclerosis Caregiving Inventory.

Findings: A total of 282 participants, including 141 multiple sclerosis patients and 141 caregivers, were enrolled. Caregivers reported low-to-average occupational performance, with the greatest challenges in self-care, leisure, and productivity. Significant inverse correlations were found between multiple sclerosis severity and both occupational performance and caregiver satisfaction. Caregivers of patients with severe multiple sclerosis faced more difficulties, particularly in Avoidance, Practical Assistance, and Satisfaction. Multiple regression showed that caregiver satisfaction was influenced by age, caregiving duration, and patient gender.

Conclusion: This study revealed the significant impact of multiple sclerosis severity on caregivers' occupational performance and coping strategies, highlighting the need for effective interventions such as caregiver training programs, psychological support, and respite care, especially for those with advanced multiple sclerosis. Policymakers must focus on creating robust caregiver support systems to alleviate the socioeconomic impact of multiple sclerosis on families and communities.

Introduction: Mild cognitive impairment impairs activities of daily living, independence and social participation in older adults. This study investigated the association between perceived occupational performance and balance, gait and fear of falling in older adults with mild cognitive impairment.

Method: The study included 36 older adults over the age of 65 with mild cognitive impairment . Balance and gait of the older adults were assessed with the Tinetti balance and gait test, fear of falling with the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia and occupational performance with the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. The relationship between Canadian Occupational Performance Measure and other parameters was analysed by Spearmen's test.

Results: The mean age of the participants was 75.13 ± 6.92 years. There was a moderate positive correlation between the satisfaction parameter of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure and the Tinetti gait test (r = 0.54, p < 0.01) and the Tinetti total score (r = 0.41, p < 0.05). There was no relationship between the other parameters.

Conclusion: Current findings suggest that older adults with mild cognitive impairment have different perceptions of activities of daily living and that gait problems of individuals with mild cognitive impairment affect perceived occupational satisfaction more than balance and fear of falling.Clinical Trial Number: NCT06513325.

Introduction: Police officers' occupational patterns and their needs for health promotion are rarely addressed in police health research, partly due to the lack of specific instruments. This study describes the initial steps in developing an instrument that targets officers' lifestyles and health, utilising occupational therapy and - science.

Method: The study includes 48 participants and uses an instrument development methodology. First, the construct was defined through theoretical dimensions with two focus groups. Second, items were developed and tested during cognitive interviews with 28 officers. Finally, the instrument underwent content validity testing with nine occupational therapists.

Results: The instrument is based on the construct of police officers' conditions for a sustainable and healthy lifestyle. This refers to an individualised, balanced lifestyle that enables participation, choice and control, supporting healthy routines, roles and meaningful occupations across various life domains shaped by social, occupational and physical environments over time. All domains encompass aspects of working and personal life, and the balance between them.

Conclusion: The instrument's psychometric properties, representativeness and feasibility need to be continuously evaluated. Subsequently, occupational therapists and human resource personnel may use it to promote police officers' sustainable lifestyles and life balance as an assessment and a self-reflection tool.

Objective: This study examines the mental health status of university students directly affected by the earthquake in the disaster zone and those indirectly affected by being outside the earthquake zone during the Kahramanmaraş earthquake that struck Turkey on February 6, 2023.

Methods: A total of 109 students from 37 universities in 24 cities participated. Data were collected using an online survey that included a Demographic Information Form, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), the Earthquake Anxiety Scale, the DSM-5 PTSD checklist, and the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale-21. Mental health outcomes of directly and indirectly affected students were compared.

Results: Students directly affected showed significantly higher levels of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and earthquake-related anxiety. Among indirectly affected students, females reported higher IES-R, PTSD, and earthquake anxiety scores than males. Regression analysis identified factors such as earthquake exposure, loss of relatives, involvement in search and rescue, and relocation as linked to adverse mental health outcomes.

Conclusion: Although students directly affected by the earthquake are at greater risk for PTSD, depression, and anxiety, both groups face significant mental health problems. As these effects may be ongoing rather than temporary, the role of occupational therapy in promoting occupational engagement and mental health in disaster management is noteworthy.

Introduction: Individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia face significant barriers that impact their quality of life and restrict their social participation. This study explores the lived experiences of individuals with schizophrenia, focusing on the challenges they encounter in social settings.

Method: A qualitative research design with an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis approach was employed to examine the subjective experiences of 18 participants diagnosed with schizophrenia. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and observational field notes to capture both verbal and non-verbal expressions.

Findings: Three primary themes emerged from the analysis: (1) personal growth and well-being, (2) adaptation to social environments, and (3) social contexts and support.

Conclusion: The study highlights restricted social networks, challenges in daily functioning, and the impact of stigma on social participation. Findings emphasize the need for structured interventions focusing on social skills training, occupational engagement, and reducing stigma. The role of occupational therapy in enhancing autonomy, fostering meaningful social interactions, and promoting long-term community integration is underscored.

Introduction: Spirituality is a fundamental aspect of human existence. Additionally, spirituality is acknowledged within many occupational therapy models of practice. Despite this, other health professions are dominant in published spirituality research and resources. Therefore, to develop our profession-specific perspective, a broad range of occupational therapy spirituality literature was explored to identify how international occupational therapists integrate spirituality into practice.

Methods: This study undertook a scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) approach. Six databases were searched for peer-reviewed sources which focused on the experience of occupational therapists, and on concepts relating to spirituality and religion. Fifty-four articles were included in the scoping review. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to present these findings as a narrative synthesis.

Results: The three main findings were as follows: (a) key concepts of spirituality definitions included a person finding 'meaning', 'purpose in life' and 'connection'; (b) a spectrum of approaches were used to address client spirituality; (c) training and spirituality supportive healthcare approaches were facilitators, whereas lack of time and funding were the chief barriers.

Conclusion: Occupational therapy in many countries would benefit from further research, guidelines and policies and training that applies spirituality and its related concepts to occupational therapy practice.

Background: Professional reasoning in occupational therapy has become a key line of research. Updating and analyzing recent publications is crucial for the discipline. The objective of the research was to describe new findings and changes in the characteristics of research on professional reasoning in occupational therapy between 2019 and 2023.

Method: A scoping review was used with the aim of identifying the development and scope of the literature on professional reasoning in occupational therapy from 2019 to 2023. The review was conducted in five stages following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines.

Results: Seventy-six articles were described in terms of their nature and volume under the following categories: specific fields of practice, educational strategies for professional reasoning, theoretical discussions, and instruments related to professional reasoning. New findings include two professional reasoning modalities, five practice-related areas, and intervention programs that had not been previously described. Additionally, there has been an increase in the use of mixed methods.

Conclusion: This scoping review identifies the nature and volume of literature on professional reasoning in recent years. The study reveals consolidated research lines focused on practice and teaching, alongside new findings and changes observed in recent studies.