Hate speech is defined as speech that involves hate and is meant to have specific consequences, either directly or indirectly. Hate speech is becoming more common as the internet era progresses. Hate speech can be delivered individually or in groups, resulting in heated debates and difficulties in the community. This study aims to explain the types of hate speech on Tiara marlen on social media. The method use in this research is descriptive qualitative method, data collection techniques in the form of viewing and documentation. The method used in supporting this research is utterances, to determine whether the comments are included in to positive or negative categories.In this study used were 15 coments as research object.
{"title":"A Forensic linguistic Approach to interpreting a hate speech case on social media","authors":"Y. Harahap","doi":"10.30829/vis.v18i1.1414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30829/vis.v18i1.1414","url":null,"abstract":"Hate speech is defined as speech that involves hate and is meant to have specific consequences, either directly or indirectly. Hate speech is becoming more common as the internet era progresses. Hate speech can be delivered individually or in groups, resulting in heated debates and difficulties in the community. This study aims to explain the types of hate speech on Tiara marlen on social media. The method use in this research is descriptive qualitative method, data collection techniques in the form of viewing and documentation. The method used in supporting this research is utterances, to determine whether the comments are included in to positive or negative categories.In this study used were 15 coments as research object.","PeriodicalId":49121,"journal":{"name":"Spatial Vision","volume":"135 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88660343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study deal with the analysis grammatical and lexical in talkshow Oprah Winfrey. The objectives of the study were not only to find out the grammatical and lexical meaning, but also to describe how the host used grammatical and lexical in talkshow Oprah Winfrey. The data in this research were taken from talkshow Oprah Winfrey. This research used a descriptive qualitative method. In doing this research, the data were analyzed using library research. The source of data in this study was utterances taken from video talk show of Oprah Winfrey that entitled Peter Walsh’s stripped Down Family Challenge, which downloaded from Youtube. The data focused on the utterances of the guest and host in talkshow Oprah Winfrey that consist of Grammatical and Lexical Meaning. From the data obtained, there were one hundred and six (106) utterances found in talkshow Oprah Winfrey. It was found 2 types of Semantic in this research, there were 63 utterances of Grammatical meaning and 43 utterances of Lexical meaning. To analyze the data, the researcher used the theory proposed by Miles & Huberman (2014) to know the grammatical and lexical meaning.
{"title":"GRAMMATICAL AND LEXICAL ANALYSIS IN OPRAH WINFREY TALKSHOW","authors":"Ratna indah Sari Dewi, Mashud Ramadhani","doi":"10.30829/vis.v18i1.1411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30829/vis.v18i1.1411","url":null,"abstract":"This study deal with the analysis grammatical and lexical in talkshow Oprah Winfrey. The objectives of the study were not only to find out the grammatical and lexical meaning, but also to describe how the host used grammatical and lexical in talkshow Oprah Winfrey. The data in this research were taken from talkshow Oprah Winfrey. This research used a descriptive qualitative method. In doing this research, the data were analyzed using library research. The source of data in this study was utterances taken from video talk show of Oprah Winfrey that entitled Peter Walsh’s stripped Down Family Challenge, which downloaded from Youtube. The data focused on the utterances of the guest and host in talkshow Oprah Winfrey that consist of Grammatical and Lexical Meaning. From the data obtained, there were one hundred and six (106) utterances found in talkshow Oprah Winfrey. It was found 2 types of Semantic in this research, there were 63 utterances of Grammatical meaning and 43 utterances of Lexical meaning. To analyze the data, the researcher used the theory proposed by Miles & Huberman (2014) to know the grammatical and lexical meaning.","PeriodicalId":49121,"journal":{"name":"Spatial Vision","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83976211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research is motivated by the results of observations in the field, most teachers are still less effective in the learning process. Teachers are still lacking in assessing and evaluating learning. So in this study the researchers focused on pedagogic competence, because basically pedagogic competence is one of the important competencies that must be possessed by a teacher in teaching and learning activities.
This study aims to determine the pedagogic competence of teachers at SMA N2 SEI KANAN. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research method. The research subjects who were used as research informants were English teachers. Data collection techniques in this study were observation, interviews and documentation. This study uses three instruments, namely observation sheets, interview sheets and documentation. The data analysis technique in this study uses the theory of Milles and Huberman which includes three stages, namely data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing. This study uses a credibility test to test the validity of the data.
The researcher's findings show that pedagogic competence is in the "pretty good" category, including the ability to master student characteristics, curriculum development competence, and communication competence. Competence in comprehending learning theory and teaching principles of learning, competency in educating learning activities, competence in developing student potential, and competence in assessment and evaluation are among the pedagogic competencies in the bad group. As a result, it can be inferred that instructors' pedagogic competency at SMA N2 SEI KANAN is still lacking.
本研究的动机是在实地观察的结果，大多数教师在学习过程中仍然效率较低。教师在评估和评价学习方面还存在不足。因此，在本研究中，研究者将重点放在了教学能力上，因为教学能力基本上是教师在教学活动中必须具备的重要能力之一。本研究旨在确定SMA N2 SEI KANAN教师的教学能力。研究方法采用描述性定性研究方法。研究对象为英语教师。本研究采用观察法、访谈法和文献法收集资料。本研究使用三种工具，即观察表、访谈表和文献资料。本研究的数据分析技术采用Milles和Huberman的理论，包括数据还原、数据显示和得出结论三个阶段。本研究采用信度检验来检验数据的有效性。研究者的研究结果表明，教学能力属于“相当不错”的范畴，包括掌握学生特点的能力、课程开发能力和沟通能力。理解学习理论和学习教学原则的能力，教育学习活动的能力，开发学生潜能的能力，以及评估和评价的能力都属于不良群体的教学能力。因此，可以推断，SMA N2 SEI KANAN教师的教学能力仍然缺乏。
{"title":"AN ANALYSIS OF TEACHER PEDAGOGICAL COMPETENCE IN TEACHING ENGLISH FOR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS","authors":"Sofiah Tanjung","doi":"10.30829/vis.v18i1.1394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30829/vis.v18i1.1394","url":null,"abstract":"<p class=\"s16\"><span class=\"s12\">This research is motivated by the results of observations in the </span><span class=\"s12\">field,</span><span class=\"s12\"> most teachers are still less effective in the learning process. Teachers are still lacking in assessing and evaluating learning. So in this study the researchers focused on pedagogic competence, because basically pedagogic competence is one of the important competencies that must be possessed by a teacher in teaching and learning activities.</span></p><p class=\"s16\"><span class=\"s12\">This study aims to determine the pedagogic competence of teachers at SMA N2 SEI KANAN. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research method. The research subjects who were used as research informants were English teachers. Data collection techniques in this study were observation, interviews and documentation. This study uses three instruments, namely observation sheets, interview sheets and documentation. The data analysis technique in this study uses the theory of Milles and </span><span class=\"s12\">Huberman</span><span class=\"s12\"> which includes three stages, namely data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing. This study uses </span><span class=\"s12\">a credibility</span><span class=\"s12\"> test to test the validity of the data.</span></p><p class=\"s16\"><span class=\"s12\">The researcher's findings show that pedagogic competence is in the \"pretty good\" category, including the ability to master student characteristics, curriculum development competence, and communication competence. Competence in comprehending learning theory and teaching principles of learning, competency in educating learning activities, competence in developing student potential, and competence in assessment and evaluation are among the pedagogic competencies in the bad group. As a result, it can be inferred that instructors' pedagogic competency at SMA N2 SEI KANAN is still lacking.</span></p>","PeriodicalId":49121,"journal":{"name":"Spatial Vision","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87194337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research is aimed to find out students’ difficulties in speaking English at tenth grade of SMA Swasta Nurul Iman Tanjung Morawa. This research is tried to find the students’ difficulties in speaking English, the cause of students’ difficulties in speaking English, and the solution of students’ difficulties in speaking English. This research was used qualitative method. The respondent of this research is the students class X-IIS 3 that consist 10 students. The respondent was chose by used purposive sampling technique. The data collected from the observation, interview, and questionnaire. The questionnaire used Linkert Scale that consists of 15 questions. The result of this research showed that the most from respondent have difficulties in speaking English. The students have difficulties in pronunciation, lack of grammar, difficult to memorize vocabulary, afraid to speak, shy to speak in front of the class, not confidence, and have no motivation in learning speaking English. Furthermore, the cause of students’ difficulties of the research that happened are the lack of grammar, lack of motivation, shyness, anxiety, and afraid making mistakes. The researcher also found the solution of students’ difficulties in speaking English, namely the students needed to condusive class, the new strategies from the teachen when teaching speaking English, and also the teacher must give more knowledge for the students.
{"title":"AN ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ DIFFICULTIES IN SPEAKING ENGLISH AT TENTH GRADE OF SMA SWASTA NURUL IMAN TANJUNG MORAWA","authors":"Willy Suari","doi":"10.30829/vis.v18i1.1376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30829/vis.v18i1.1376","url":null,"abstract":"This research is aimed to find out students’ difficulties in speaking English at tenth grade of SMA Swasta Nurul Iman Tanjung Morawa. This research is tried to find the students’ difficulties in speaking English, the cause of students’ difficulties in speaking English, and the solution of students’ difficulties in speaking English. This research was used qualitative method. The respondent of this research is the students class X-IIS 3 that consist 10 students. The respondent was chose by used purposive sampling technique. The data collected from the observation, interview, and questionnaire. The questionnaire used Linkert Scale that consists of 15 questions. The result of this research showed that the most from respondent have difficulties in speaking English. The students have difficulties in pronunciation, lack of grammar, difficult to memorize vocabulary, afraid to speak, shy to speak in front of the class, not confidence, and have no motivation in learning speaking English. Furthermore, the cause of students’ difficulties of the research that happened are the lack of grammar, lack of motivation, shyness, anxiety, and afraid making mistakes. The researcher also found the solution of students’ difficulties in speaking English, namely the students needed to condusive class, the new strategies from the teachen when teaching speaking English, and also the teacher must give more knowledge for the students.","PeriodicalId":49121,"journal":{"name":"Spatial Vision","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90558458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ability to speak is a very important aspect, especially in oral presentations in the learning process. Previously, there was a lot of research evidence showing that many students had a fear of public speaking. For this reason, researchers conducted research using qualitative research methods to find out what problems caused students to experience fear or anxiety in speaking English and also aim to find out what and how the strategies used by students in reducing anxiety when speaking in public. This research was conducted at one of the universities in Medan, by using 6 students of English education as samples taken randomly. This research was conducted by answering questions from the google form that has been provided, so that the samples could describe their answers about common problems faced when speaking in public. The results of this survey identify the causes of students' fear of public speaking and to identify how they can minimize their fear of public speaking.
{"title":"AN ANALYSIS OF STUDENT'S ANXIETY OF ORAL PRESENTATIONS AND PUBLIC SPEAKING IN HIGH EDUCATION","authors":"Farida Repelita Waty Kembaren, Salsabila Utami Lubis, Mela Ramadini","doi":"10.30829/vis.v18i1.1399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30829/vis.v18i1.1399","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to speak is a very important aspect, especially in oral presentations in the learning process. Previously, there was a lot of research evidence showing that many students had a fear of public speaking. For this reason, researchers conducted research using qualitative research methods to find out what problems caused students to experience fear or anxiety in speaking English and also aim to find out what and how the strategies used by students in reducing anxiety when speaking in public. This research was conducted at one of the universities in Medan, by using 6 students of English education as samples taken randomly. This research was conducted by answering questions from the google form that has been provided, so that the samples could describe their answers about common problems faced when speaking in public. The results of this survey identify the causes of students' fear of public speaking and to identify how they can minimize their fear of public speaking.","PeriodicalId":49121,"journal":{"name":"Spatial Vision","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77297725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Makri, I. Tsekouras, L. Leonidou, K. Kagkelaris, Vassilios P. Kozobolis, C. Georgakopoulos
We report the case of a 52-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department with acute retinal necrosis in her left eye secondary to herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis for which she had been hospitalized four months before. Treatment with intravitreal foscarnet and intravenous acyclovir was promptly commenced followed by the addition of oral prednisolone. PCR analysis of aqueous humor detected HSV type 1 DNA. The condition responded to therapy with partial resolution of intraocular inflammation and improvement of visual acuity, but the presence of Kyrieleis plaques was observed two weeks after the initiation of treatment, when five intravitreal foscarnet injections had been administered. The patient was switched to oral therapy with valacyclovir, and 10 weeks after commencing treatment, the patient’s left eye was free of inflammation, having achieved a BCVA of 20/20. Oral steroid treatment was gradually tapered off, and the patient was instructed to remain on prophylactic antiviral therapy. Kyrieleis arteriolitis is an uncommon finding in the context of acute retinal necrosis. As far as we are aware, we report the first case of Kyrieleis arteriolitis in acute retinal necrosis secondary to viral encephalitis and the second one presenting Kyrieleis plaques in acute retinal necrosis caused by herpes simplex virus type 1. Prior reports of cases of Kyrieleis arteriolitis in acute retinal necrosis are also presented.
{"title":"Kyrieleis Arteriolitis Associated with Acute Retinal Necrosis due to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Secondary to Herpetic Encephalitis","authors":"O. Makri, I. Tsekouras, L. Leonidou, K. Kagkelaris, Vassilios P. Kozobolis, C. Georgakopoulos","doi":"10.3390/vision6020027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vision6020027","url":null,"abstract":"We report the case of a 52-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department with acute retinal necrosis in her left eye secondary to herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis for which she had been hospitalized four months before. Treatment with intravitreal foscarnet and intravenous acyclovir was promptly commenced followed by the addition of oral prednisolone. PCR analysis of aqueous humor detected HSV type 1 DNA. The condition responded to therapy with partial resolution of intraocular inflammation and improvement of visual acuity, but the presence of Kyrieleis plaques was observed two weeks after the initiation of treatment, when five intravitreal foscarnet injections had been administered. The patient was switched to oral therapy with valacyclovir, and 10 weeks after commencing treatment, the patient’s left eye was free of inflammation, having achieved a BCVA of 20/20. Oral steroid treatment was gradually tapered off, and the patient was instructed to remain on prophylactic antiviral therapy. Kyrieleis arteriolitis is an uncommon finding in the context of acute retinal necrosis. As far as we are aware, we report the first case of Kyrieleis arteriolitis in acute retinal necrosis secondary to viral encephalitis and the second one presenting Kyrieleis plaques in acute retinal necrosis caused by herpes simplex virus type 1. Prior reports of cases of Kyrieleis arteriolitis in acute retinal necrosis are also presented.","PeriodicalId":49121,"journal":{"name":"Spatial Vision","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80875072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Savastano, L. Santoro, Emanuele Crincoli, Claudia Fossataro, G. Gambini, A. Savastano, Umberto De Vico, A. Santoliquido, A. Nesci, F. Landi, S. Rizzo, On Behalf Of Gemelli Against Covid-Post-Acute Care
Background: Endothelial cells damage and thromboinflammation are considered key elements in the generation of organ impairment in patients with COVID-19 disease. The endothelial function is evaluated by measuring flow-mediated dilation (FMD). We aimed to analyze the association between FMD impairment and retinal vascular parameters in early post-COVID-19 patients. 00118-00199Tomography (OCT), OCT Angiography (OCTA) and slit lamp examination were performed. FMD ≤ 7% was considered as pathological. Our primary outcome was to assess potential differences in the radial peripapillary capillary plexus flow index (RPCP-FI) and RPCP density (RPCP-D) values between post-COVID-19 patients with and without FMD impairment. The associations of other retinal vascular parameters with FMD impairment were assessed as secondary endpoints. Results: FMD impairment was detected in 31 patients (37.8%). RPCP-FI (p = 0.047), age (p = 0.048) and prevalence of diabetes (p = 0.046) significantly differed in patients with FMD ≤ 7% in regression analysis. RPCP-FI was linearly correlated with FMD values (R = 0.244, p =0.027). SCT was found to be lower in patients with impaired FMD (p = 0.004), although this difference was only a trend in binary logistic regression output (p = 0.07). Conclusions: Early post-COVID-19 patients showed a higher prevalence of FMD impairment compared to the general population. Age, diabetes and RPCP-FI were independently correlated with the presence of endothelial impairment in the early post-infective period.
{"title":"Radial Peripapillary Capillary Plexus Perfusion and Endothelial Dysfunction in Early Post-SARS-CoV-2 Infection","authors":"M. Savastano, L. Santoro, Emanuele Crincoli, Claudia Fossataro, G. Gambini, A. Savastano, Umberto De Vico, A. Santoliquido, A. Nesci, F. Landi, S. Rizzo, On Behalf Of Gemelli Against Covid-Post-Acute Care","doi":"10.3390/vision6020026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vision6020026","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Endothelial cells damage and thromboinflammation are considered key elements in the generation of organ impairment in patients with COVID-19 disease. The endothelial function is evaluated by measuring flow-mediated dilation (FMD). We aimed to analyze the association between FMD impairment and retinal vascular parameters in early post-COVID-19 patients. 00118-00199Tomography (OCT), OCT Angiography (OCTA) and slit lamp examination were performed. FMD ≤ 7% was considered as pathological. Our primary outcome was to assess potential differences in the radial peripapillary capillary plexus flow index (RPCP-FI) and RPCP density (RPCP-D) values between post-COVID-19 patients with and without FMD impairment. The associations of other retinal vascular parameters with FMD impairment were assessed as secondary endpoints. Results: FMD impairment was detected in 31 patients (37.8%). RPCP-FI (p = 0.047), age (p = 0.048) and prevalence of diabetes (p = 0.046) significantly differed in patients with FMD ≤ 7% in regression analysis. RPCP-FI was linearly correlated with FMD values (R = 0.244, p =0.027). SCT was found to be lower in patients with impaired FMD (p = 0.004), although this difference was only a trend in binary logistic regression output (p = 0.07). Conclusions: Early post-COVID-19 patients showed a higher prevalence of FMD impairment compared to the general population. Age, diabetes and RPCP-FI were independently correlated with the presence of endothelial impairment in the early post-infective period.","PeriodicalId":49121,"journal":{"name":"Spatial Vision","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83822344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-14DOI: 10.1177/09722629221096050
Faryal Fahim, Batiah Mahadi
The modernization of the economic world creates environmental issues around the globe, to improve global problems such as global warming, inequality, climate change, hunger and poverty; it is necessary to improve sustainable performance. Mostly, the product manufacturers have a greater influence on the supply chain and the environment. Before COVID-19, the economy of Pakistan was belligerent but not collapsed; however, COVID-19 created a situation where most of the companies will go bankrupt. Pakistan is considered less developed financially, where extensive growth is predictable in the use of green trade credit demand by firms listed at the Pakistan Stock Exchange. Thus, the study analyzes the conceptual linkages between trade credit demand and sustainable firm performances through green credit by adopting the theory of RBV and also assesses the role and impact of COVID-19; further, suggest some policies to cope with COVID-19 challenges. Secondary literature is being reviewed after searching electronic databases like Scopus, Directory of Open Access Journals, Web of Science, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and JSTOR. This study will help policymakers whenever they need to consider green trade credit decisions. Thus, buyers need to be proactive while adopting green trade credit to compete in this sustainable competitive marketplace.
经济世界的现代化在全球范围内造成环境问题，以改善全球问题，如全球变暖，不平等，气候变化，饥饿和贫困;有必要提高可持续绩效。大多数情况下，产品制造商对供应链和环境的影响更大。在2019冠状病毒病之前，巴基斯坦的经济是好战的，但没有崩溃;但是，新冠疫情造成了大部分企业破产的局面。巴基斯坦被认为是金融欠发达国家，在巴基斯坦证券交易所上市的公司对绿色贸易信贷需求的广泛使用是可以预测的。因此，本研究采用RBV理论分析了绿色信贷下贸易信贷需求与可持续企业绩效之间的概念联系，并评估了COVID-19的作用和影响;进一步提出应对新冠肺炎挑战的政策建议。二手文献是通过搜索电子数据库，如Scopus, Directory of Open Access Journals, Web of Science, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar和JSTOR来进行审查的。这项研究将有助于决策者在需要考虑绿色贸易信贷决策时提供帮助。因此，在采用绿色贸易信贷的同时，买家需要积极主动地在这个可持续竞争的市场中竞争。
{"title":"Green Trade Credit and Sustainable Firm Performances During COVID-19: A Conceptual Review","authors":"Faryal Fahim, Batiah Mahadi","doi":"10.1177/09722629221096050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09722629221096050","url":null,"abstract":"The modernization of the economic world creates environmental issues around the globe, to improve global problems such as global warming, inequality, climate change, hunger and poverty; it is necessary to improve sustainable performance. Mostly, the product manufacturers have a greater influence on the supply chain and the environment. Before COVID-19, the economy of Pakistan was belligerent but not collapsed; however, COVID-19 created a situation where most of the companies will go bankrupt. Pakistan is considered less developed financially, where extensive growth is predictable in the use of green trade credit demand by firms listed at the Pakistan Stock Exchange. Thus, the study analyzes the conceptual linkages between trade credit demand and sustainable firm performances through green credit by adopting the theory of RBV and also assesses the role and impact of COVID-19; further, suggest some policies to cope with COVID-19 challenges. Secondary literature is being reviewed after searching electronic databases like Scopus, Directory of Open Access Journals, Web of Science, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and JSTOR. This study will help policymakers whenever they need to consider green trade credit decisions. Thus, buyers need to be proactive while adopting green trade credit to compete in this sustainable competitive marketplace.","PeriodicalId":49121,"journal":{"name":"Spatial Vision","volume":"10 1","pages":"593 - 603"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80062425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Depth information is limited in a 2D scene and for people to perceive the distance of an object, they need to rely on pictorial cues such as perspective, size constancy and elevation in the scene. In this study, we tested whether people could use an object’s size and its position in a 2D image to determine its distance. In a series of online experiments, participants viewed a target representing their smartphone rendered within a 2D scene. They either positioned it in the scene at the distance they thought was correct based on its size or adjusted the target to the correct size based on its position in the scene. In all experiments, the adjusted target size and positions were not consistent with their initially presented positions and sizes and were made larger and moved further away on average. Familiar objects influenced adjusted position from size but not adjusted size from position. These results suggest that in a 2D scene, (1) people cannot use an object’s visual size and position relative to the horizon to infer distance reliably and (2) familiar objects in the scene affect perceived size and distance differently. The differences found demonstrate that size and distance perception processes may be independent.
{"title":"Can People Infer Distance in a 2D Scene Using the Visual Size and Position of an Object?","authors":"J. Kim, L. Harris","doi":"10.3390/vision6020025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vision6020025","url":null,"abstract":"Depth information is limited in a 2D scene and for people to perceive the distance of an object, they need to rely on pictorial cues such as perspective, size constancy and elevation in the scene. In this study, we tested whether people could use an object’s size and its position in a 2D image to determine its distance. In a series of online experiments, participants viewed a target representing their smartphone rendered within a 2D scene. They either positioned it in the scene at the distance they thought was correct based on its size or adjusted the target to the correct size based on its position in the scene. In all experiments, the adjusted target size and positions were not consistent with their initially presented positions and sizes and were made larger and moved further away on average. Familiar objects influenced adjusted position from size but not adjusted size from position. These results suggest that in a 2D scene, (1) people cannot use an object’s visual size and position relative to the horizon to infer distance reliably and (2) familiar objects in the scene affect perceived size and distance differently. The differences found demonstrate that size and distance perception processes may be independent.","PeriodicalId":49121,"journal":{"name":"Spatial Vision","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91259101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Our senses are constantly reached by a multitude of stimuli from all different sensory modalities. To create a coherent representation of the environment, we must integrate the various unimodal inputs that refer to the same object into a single multimodal representation. In some cases, however, we tend to bind certain properties of the stimuli without any apparent reason, which is a phenomenon named crossmodal correspondence. For instance, we match a spiky or a rounded shape with the sound “Kiki” or “Bouba”, respectively. Similarly, we associate the left hemispace with low luminance and the right one with high luminance. Instances of crossmodal correspondences were described also in other mammals, and recently, a case of space-luminance crossmodal correspondence was reported in birds (i.e., domestic chicks). Here, we investigate the presence of pitch–luminance crossmodal correspondence in three-day-old chicks, employing experimental methods that exploit either predisposed or learned processes. While failing to report evidence for this phenomenon, we discuss the difference between statistical and structural crossmodal correspondences and the possible role of environmental factors in determining their emergence. Moreover, we discuss the importance of the different experimental methodologies to investigate distinct aspects of this perceptual phenomenon to reach a deeper understanding and unveil the role of innate vs. learned mechanisms.
{"title":"Pitch–Luminance Crossmodal Correspondence in the Baby Chick: An Investigation on Predisposed and Learned Processes","authors":"M. Loconsole, Andrea Gasparini, L. Regolin","doi":"10.3390/vision6020024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vision6020024","url":null,"abstract":"Our senses are constantly reached by a multitude of stimuli from all different sensory modalities. To create a coherent representation of the environment, we must integrate the various unimodal inputs that refer to the same object into a single multimodal representation. In some cases, however, we tend to bind certain properties of the stimuli without any apparent reason, which is a phenomenon named crossmodal correspondence. For instance, we match a spiky or a rounded shape with the sound “Kiki” or “Bouba”, respectively. Similarly, we associate the left hemispace with low luminance and the right one with high luminance. Instances of crossmodal correspondences were described also in other mammals, and recently, a case of space-luminance crossmodal correspondence was reported in birds (i.e., domestic chicks). Here, we investigate the presence of pitch–luminance crossmodal correspondence in three-day-old chicks, employing experimental methods that exploit either predisposed or learned processes. While failing to report evidence for this phenomenon, we discuss the difference between statistical and structural crossmodal correspondences and the possible role of environmental factors in determining their emergence. Moreover, we discuss the importance of the different experimental methodologies to investigate distinct aspects of this perceptual phenomenon to reach a deeper understanding and unveil the role of innate vs. learned mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":49121,"journal":{"name":"Spatial Vision","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74552530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：