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The Dynamics of Cointegration Between Economic Growth and Financial Development in Emerging Asian Economy: Evidence from India 亚洲新兴经济体经济增长与金融发展的协整动态:来自印度的证据
Pub Date : 2021-05-06 DOI: 10.1177/09722629211011811
N. Tripathy, Shekhar Mishra
The present article examines the relationship between economic growth and financial development in the context of Indian economy over the period of 15 years from June 2003 to February 2018. The study employs cointegration test, involving Johansen Juselius Cointegration and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) Bounds test approach to ascertain the long-run relationship between financial development and economic growth. The study further employs fully modified ordinary least squares—OLS—(FMOLS), dynamic OLS (DOLS) and canonical cointegration regression (CCR) models to ascertain the sensitivity and robustness of the estimates derived from ARDL Bounds test approach. The stability of the models employed in the study are further confirmed by rolling window analysis and the cumulative sum (CUSUM) and cumulative sum of squares (CUSUMSQ) tests. The outcome of the article reports the existence of long-run equilibrium relationship between economic growth represented by Index of Industrial Production and Financial Development represented by the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) Index and BSE Volume of Trade. The article also involves consumer price index as proxy for inflation, exchange rate, ratio of export to import and weighted average call rate as control variable to also examine their impact on the Indian economic growth. The study confirms the existence of Supply Leading Hypothesis, that is, existence of unidirectional causality running from financial development to economic growth in the Indian economic scenario. The outcome of the article indicates the positive and significant influence of development of financial markets represented by stock market on the economic growth.
本文研究了2003年6月至2018年2月15年间印度经济背景下的经济增长与金融发展之间的关系。本研究采用协整检验,采用Johansen Juselius协整和自回归分布滞后(ARDL)边界检验方法来确定金融发展与经济增长之间的长期关系。研究进一步采用完全修正的普通最小二乘- OLS (FMOLS)、动态OLS (DOLS)和典型协整回归(CCR)模型来确定ARDL边界检验方法得出的估计的敏感性和稳健性。通过滚动窗分析和累积和(CUSUM)和累积平方和(CUSUMSQ)检验进一步证实了模型的稳定性。本文的研究结果表明,以工业生产指数为代表的经济增长与以孟买证券交易所(BSE)指数为代表的金融发展与BSE交易量之间存在长期均衡关系。本文还涉及消费者价格指数作为通货膨胀的代理,汇率,进出口比率和加权平均活期存款利率作为控制变量,以研究它们对印度经济增长的影响。研究证实了供给主导假说的存在,即在印度经济情景中存在从金融发展到经济增长的单向因果关系。本文的研究结果表明,以股票市场为代表的金融市场的发展对经济增长具有积极而显著的影响。
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引用次数: 5
Determinants of Energy Intensity Trends in Indian Metallic Industry: A Firm-level Analysis 印度金属工业能源强度趋势的决定因素:一个企业层面的分析
Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1177/09722629211004293
Megha Jain, Simrit Kaur
Though the demand for industrial energy by manufacturing firms has witnessed substantial growth, not enough evidence exists regarding the energy intensity trends of such firms. Furthermore, empirical evidence on the determinants of energy intensity trends or even the energy intensity levels per se remains limited. Given this gap, the present article analyses the determinants of energy intensity trends (and also the energy intensity levels) of Indian manufacturing firms over the period 2007–2017. This study has been undertaken with special reference to the metallic industry. A sample of 41 firms is analysed by grouping them into 3 categories, namely firms with increasing energy intensity trends (IEITs), decreasing energy intensity trends (DEITs) and relatively constant energy intensity trends (CEITs) over the stated period. Multinomial logistic model (MLM) is employed to examine the determinants of energy intensity trends for the three categories. Our pertinent findings are as follows: firms with higher labour intensity and also older firms have a greater probability of belonging to the category of DEIT firms vis-à-vis the reference category of IEIT firms. Furthermore, size per se does not significantly impact the probability of a firm belonging to any specific category of energy intensity trend; nevertheless, evidence shows that large-sized firms, though old, have a greater probability of belonging to the DEIT category. Rather surprisingly, R&D intensity has been estimated to have a non-significant impact on the probability of belonging to the DEIT group of firms. However, although R&D-intensive firms have a higher profitability, their impacts remain both favourable and significant. Evidence also suggests that an increase in capital intensity and profitability lowers the probability of a firm to belong to the DEIT category. Additionally, a pooled (panel) econometric analysis has also been undertaken wherein the ‘level’ of energy intensity is considered as the dependent variable and not the ‘trend’ in energy intensity. Important findings also emerge from this analysis. Finally, we conclude from a broad policy perspective.
尽管制造业企业对工业能源的需求出现了大幅增长,但关于这些企业的能源强度趋势的证据还不够。此外,关于能源强度趋势甚至能源强度水平本身的决定因素的经验证据仍然有限。鉴于这一差距,本文分析了2007-2017年期间印度制造业企业能源强度趋势(以及能源强度水平)的决定因素。这项研究是专门针对金属工业进行的。对41家公司的样本进行了分析,将它们分为3类,即在规定的时期内能源强度趋势增加(IEITs),能源强度趋势减少(DEITs)和能源强度趋势相对恒定(CEITs)的公司。采用多项逻辑模型(MLM)来检查三类能源强度趋势的决定因素。我们的相关发现如下:劳动强度较高的企业和年龄较大的企业更有可能属于DEIT企业的类别,而-à-vis是IEIT企业的参考类别。此外,规模本身并不显著影响企业属于任何特定能源强度趋势类别的可能性;尽管如此,有证据表明,大型公司虽然历史悠久,但更有可能属于DEIT类别。令人惊讶的是,据估计,研发强度对企业属于DEIT集团的概率没有显著影响。然而,尽管研发密集型企业具有较高的盈利能力,但它们的影响仍然是有利的和显著的。证据还表明,资本密集度和盈利能力的提高降低了企业属于DEIT类别的可能性。此外,还进行了汇总(面板)计量经济学分析,其中将能源强度的“水平”视为因变量,而不是能源强度的“趋势”。这一分析也得出了重要的发现。最后,我们从宏观的政策角度得出结论。
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引用次数: 1
Fit Perception and Engagement: The Mediating Role of Work Meaningfulness 工作意义感的中介作用
Pub Date : 2021-05-01 DOI: 10.1177/0972262921999866
R. James
Research on engagement has gained considerable attention in recent years as it is a strong predictor of a range of positive individual and organizational outcomes. There is a question of why the level of the engagement is different from employee to employee in an organization, though they are provided with the same resources. This study aims to investigate the influence of fit perception on engagement and the role of the employee’s psychological condition (work meaningfulness) on this relationship. This study mainly employed a survey research strategy, and data were primarily garnered from a questionnaire. This study was conducted among 145 respondents from the public sector organizations in Sri Lanka. Partial least-square structural equation modelling was employed to analyse the generated data. In this study, the researcher has conceptualized fit perception as a higher order construct comprising Person Job fit and Person Organization fit. The study revealed that fit perception positively influences employee engagement, and this relationship is mediated by work meaningfulness. This study contributes to the literature by deepening the understanding of the fit perception and engagement relationship by introducing work meaningfulness as a mediator variable. By highlighting how engagement is influenced by fit perception and work meaningfulness, this study facilitates practitioners to build and maintain an engaged workforce. Further contributions of this study, the avenue for future research, and study limitations are presented in detail at the end of this article.
近年来,敬业度的研究获得了相当大的关注,因为它是一系列积极的个人和组织成果的有力预测指标。有一个问题是,为什么在一个组织中,尽管为员工提供了相同的资源,但员工的敬业程度却不同。本研究旨在探讨契合度感知对敬业度的影响,以及员工心理状态(工作意义)在这一关系中的作用。本研究主要采用调查研究策略,数据主要来源于问卷调查。这项研究是在斯里兰卡公共部门组织的145名受访者中进行的。采用偏最小二乘结构方程模型对生成的数据进行分析。在本研究中,研究者将契合感知概念化为一个高阶构念,包括人与工作的契合和人与组织的契合。研究发现,契合度感知正向影响员工敬业度,这种关系受工作意义感的中介作用。本研究通过引入工作意义作为中介变量,加深了对适合度感知与敬业度关系的理解。通过强调敬业度如何受到适合度感知和工作意义的影响,本研究有助于从业者建立和维持敬业的员工队伍。本文最后详细介绍了本研究的进一步贡献、未来研究的途径和研究的局限性。
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引用次数: 1
Impact of Collective Intelligence and Collective Emotional Intelligence on the Psychological Safety of the Organizations 集体智力和集体情绪智力对组织心理安全的影响
Pub Date : 2021-04-30 DOI: 10.1177/09722629211012256
S. Shankar, Vijayshri Tewari
This article critically analyses concepts and models in support of collective intelligence (CI) and collective emotional intelligence (CEI) and their potential impacts on the organizations’ teams. CI and CEI have claimed to have an effect on the substantial range of activities, including employee initiation, participation, performance, loyalty and decision-making. Review of literature confirms that people with high degrees of cognitive and emotional intelligence display a multitude of abilities. Dynamic personal relationships, successful teams, analytical expertise and higher mental health are present in people with high intelligence quotient (IQ) and emotional quotient (EQ). Thus, this research tries to examine the combination of factors that affect the psychological safety by trying to create hypotheses between its antecedents and team psychological safety and then tries to create the analytical relationship among them.
本文批判性地分析了支持集体智慧(CI)和集体情商(CEI)的概念和模型,以及它们对组织团队的潜在影响。CI和CEI声称对大量的活动有影响,包括员工的主动性、参与度、绩效、忠诚度和决策。文献回顾证实,认知和情商高的人表现出多种能力。有活力的人际关系、成功的团队、分析能力和更高的心理健康存在于高智商(IQ)和情商(EQ)的人身上。因此,本研究试图通过在其前因和团队心理安全之间建立假设,并试图建立它们之间的分析关系,来检验影响心理安全的因素组合。
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引用次数: 3
Default Risk and Stock Returns: Evidence from Indian Corporate Sector 违约风险与股票收益:来自印度企业部门的证据
Pub Date : 2021-04-29 DOI: 10.1177/09722629211003358
Gurmeet Singh, Ravi Singla
Default risk is associated with the probability that a leveraged firm is not able to pay its financial obligation on time. Relationship between default risk and stock returns is very important from investor’s point of view because it has important implication for risk and return trade off. Relationship between default risk and returns is debatable issue and contradictory results are found in the literature regarding the relationship between default risk and stock returns. Default risk assessment helps the investors and lenders to accurately assess the risks to which investors or lenders are exposed. There are several models which can be used to assess the probability of default. In the present study, the widely used Altman’s Z-score model is used as a measure of default risk to find out the relationship between default risk and stock returns using simple linear regression analysis. It is found that Altman’s Z-score can be used as a measure of default risk and results indicate the existence of positive relationship between Z-score and stock return and hence a negative relationship between default risk and stock return.
违约风险与杠杆公司无法按时支付其财务义务的可能性有关。从投资者的角度来看,违约风险与股票收益的关系是非常重要的,因为它对风险与收益的权衡具有重要的意义。违约风险与股票收益之间的关系是一个有争议的问题,关于违约风险与股票收益之间的关系,文献中发现了矛盾的结果。违约风险评估有助于投资者和贷款人准确评估投资者或贷款人所面临的风险。有几种模型可用于评估违约概率。本研究采用广泛使用的Altman’s Z-score模型作为违约风险的度量,通过简单的线性回归分析找出违约风险与股票收益之间的关系。发现Altman的Z-score可以作为违约风险的度量,结果表明Z-score与股票收益之间存在正相关关系,因此违约风险与股票收益之间存在负相关关系。
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引用次数: 1
Shopping Safety Practices Mutate Consumer Buying Behaviour during COVID-19 Pandemic 2019冠状病毒病疫情期间,购物安全措施改变了消费者的购买行为
Pub Date : 2021-04-26 DOI: 10.1177/09722629211010990
Reetika Sehgal, Prateek Khanna, Mayank Malviya, A. Dubey
The COVID-19 pandemic presents the greatest test the world has faced. On 24 March 2020, the Government of India announced a 21-days national lockdown that had been extended to 3 May 2020. In this pandemic, the consumer faced unforeseen challenges to deal with the abrupt change in shopping practices. A safety measure is one of the key elements in consumer shopping behaviour across the world and today consumers are more conscious towards healthiness. The current work aspires to identify the factors of safety measures by consumers and shopkeepers. Twenty-eight variables were identified from the extensive literature review and a total of 751 questionnaires were administered from consumers regarding safety measures from 1 April to 31 May 2020 in India. Exploratory factors analysis and multiple regression analysis are conducted to identify the factors which are prominent for shopping safety practices. The results obtained can be useful to consumers and shopkeepers in the decision-making process during pandemic.
2019冠状病毒病大流行是世界面临的最大考验。2020年3月24日,印度政府宣布为期21天的全国封锁,并延长至2020年5月3日。在这次大流行中,消费者在应对购物习惯的突然变化方面面临着无法预见的挑战。安全措施是世界各地消费者购物行为的关键因素之一,今天的消费者更加注重健康。目前的工作旨在确定消费者和店主采取的安全措施的因素。从广泛的文献综述中确定了28个变量,并从消费者那里收集了751份关于2020年4月1日至5月31日在印度采取的安全措施的问卷。通过探索性因素分析和多元回归分析,找出影响购物安全行为的重要因素。获得的结果可在大流行期间对消费者和店主的决策过程有用。
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引用次数: 12
Revitalizing Infrastructure Sector to Accelerate Economic Recovery in India 振兴基础设施,加速印度经济复苏
Pub Date : 2021-04-26 DOI: 10.1177/09722629211007579
R. Krishna, Jaydeep Mukherjee
Infrastructure has a strong, positive correlation with economic growth, making it a preferred instrument for the government to achieve post-pandemic economic recovery. Other large economies too are similarly investing in infrastructure. Indian projects will thus need to compete with other global projects for financing, investors, technology and developers. It is therefore necessary to improve the attractiveness and marketability of India’s infrastructure projects by reducing risks and improving visibility of projects. With increased competition and changes in the environment, the risks of future cash flows from infrastructure investments have increased manifold. This paper examines the perceived risks in the entire lifecycle of infrastructure projects from infrastructure planning to project planning, bidding, implementation and operations along with best practices in each area. A long-term vision for the infrastructure development will provide visibility to projects for the current National Infrastructure Pipeline. The development of the entire project delivery ecosystem requires initiatives in capacity building in the technical, financial and entrepreneurial resources, and engagement with project affected people. Other desirable outcomes of infrastructure investments, for example, job creation, sustainability and reduction in disparity are also discussed. The paper presents a perspective for revitalizing infrastructure development in India so that its efficacy for post-pandemic economic recovery is enhanced.
基础设施与经济增长具有很强的正相关关系,使其成为政府实现大流行后经济复苏的首选工具。其他大型经济体也在类似地投资基础设施。因此,印度的项目将需要与其他全球项目竞争融资、投资者、技术和开发商。因此,有必要通过降低风险和提高项目的可见性来提高印度基础设施项目的吸引力和市场化。随着竞争加剧和环境变化,来自基础设施投资的未来现金流的风险增加了很多。本文考察了基础设施项目从基础设施规划到项目规划、招标、实施和运营的整个生命周期中的感知风险,以及每个领域的最佳实践。基础设施发展的长期愿景将为当前的国家基础设施管道项目提供可视性。整个项目交付生态系统的发展需要在技术、财务和创业资源方面的能力建设方面的主动性,以及与项目受影响人员的接触。报告还讨论了基础设施投资的其他理想结果,例如创造就业、可持续性和缩小差距。该文件提出了振兴印度基础设施发展的前景,以增强其对大流行病后经济复苏的效力。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Equity Investment Intention Towards Behaviour: An Empirical Analysis 股权投资意向对行为影响的实证分析
Pub Date : 2021-04-23 DOI: 10.1177/09722629211004374
S. Srivastava, Supriyo Roy
Investments made by investors contribute to both inflow and outflow of funds in the capital market. Investment decision making is complex due to its uncertain behaviour. In literature, there is evidence of a gap between intention and behaviour among other aspects of human behaviour like consumer buying behaviour. Therefore, this study explores the intention–behaviour gap in investment behaviour of retail investors by examining the effect of two moderators, namely risk propensity (RP) and opinion of stakeholders (OPI). The present study also focuses on identifying financial and non-financial factors influencing equity investment intention (EII) and measures its impact on equity investment behaviour (EIB). A model is, thus, conceptualized and hypotheses have been developed accordingly. For validation of the model, a set of primary data of retail investors is collected (through questionnaire framing) and the hypotheses are tested by using advanced statistical techniques, namely structural equation modelling. The outcomes of this study signify the impact of EII that catapults behavioural approach in investment decision making for any potential investor in the near future.
投资者的投资对资本市场的资金流入和流出都有贡献。由于其行为的不确定性,投资决策是复杂的。在文献中,有证据表明,在消费者购买行为等人类行为的其他方面,意图和行为之间存在差距。因此,本研究通过考察风险倾向(RP)和利益相关者意见(OPI)两个调节因子的影响,探讨散户投资者投资行为中的意向-行为差距。本研究还侧重于识别影响股权投资意愿(EII)的财务和非财务因素,并测量其对股权投资行为(EIB)的影响。因此,一个模型被概念化,相应的假设也被提出。为了验证模型,我们收集了一组散户投资者的原始数据(通过问卷框架),并使用先进的统计技术,即结构方程模型,对假设进行了检验。本研究的结果表明,EII的影响,弹投行为方法在投资决策中为任何潜在的投资者在不久的将来。
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引用次数: 1
Emotional intelligence, Personality Variables and Career Adaptability: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis 情绪智力、人格变量与职业适应:系统回顾与元分析
Pub Date : 2021-03-22 DOI: 10.1177/0972262921989877
Sakshi Vashisht, Poonam Kaushal, Ravikant Vashisht
This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence, personality variables (Big V personality traits, self-esteem, self-efficacy, optimism and proactive personality) and career adaptability of students. Data were coded on CMA software version 3.0. Product–moment correlation coefficient (r) was considered as the effect size measure for this study. Publication bias was assessed using Egger’s regression test along with Orwin’s fail-safe N, but no significant publication bias was detected. From the results of 54 studies, it was found that all variables of the study had meta-analytic correlation with career adaptability of students. For heterogeneity, subgroup analysis was conducted, and significant differences were found.
本研究通过系统回顾和meta分析,探讨了大学生情绪智力、人格变量(大V人格特征、自尊、自我效能感、乐观和主动人格)与职业适应能力的关系。数据采用CMA 3.0版软件编码。积矩相关系数(r)作为本研究的效应大小度量。采用Egger’s回归检验和Orwin’s故障安全N来评估发表偏倚,但未发现显著的发表偏倚。从54项研究的结果来看,本研究的所有变量都与学生的职业适应性具有元分析相关性。对异质性进行亚组分析,差异有统计学意义。
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引用次数: 8
Understanding the Relationship Between Customer Satisfaction, Customer Engagement and Repeat Purchase Behaviour 了解顾客满意、顾客参与和重复购买行为之间的关系
Pub Date : 2021-03-20 DOI: 10.1177/0972262921992593
Devika Sharma, Balgopal Singh
Emergence of technology has not only boosted the growth of customer engagement but has also paved way for customers to become active co-creators with the firms. Customer engagement activities are taking over the customer relationship building activities in the present scenario. Customers’ experience with a particular brand has its impact on satisfaction levels and their repurchasing intention in future as well. According to Rosetta Consulting report an engaged customer is likely to buy 90% more frequently and may spend 300% more than other customers. Hence, the present has tried to understand the mediating role of satisfaction on customer engagement in retaining the customers or persuading the customers to repurchase. The results show that there exists a significant mediation effect of customer satisfaction in influencing their repeat purchase behaviour.
技术的出现不仅促进了客户参与度的增长,而且为客户与公司成为积极的共同创造者铺平了道路。在当前场景中,客户参与活动取代了客户关系建立活动。消费者对特定品牌的体验会影响满意度水平和未来的再购买意愿。根据罗塞塔咨询公司(Rosetta Consulting)的报告,一个积极参与的客户可能会比其他客户多90%的购买频率,可能会多花300%的钱。因此,本研究试图了解满意度对顾客参与在挽留顾客或说服顾客再购买中的中介作用。结果表明,顾客满意度对重复购买行为有显著的中介作用。
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引用次数: 3
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Spatial Vision
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