Lais Ferrer Amorim, Bárbara Pozzan dos Santos Duarte, José Rodolfo Scarati Martins
Abstract Inland waters play a key role in climate change studies, but choosing the correct tool to represent them is challenging. This paper discusses tools’ applicability for predicting the impact of climate change on a lake's hydrodynamics. It aims to help determine the most suitable method to utilize. Three different tools, capable of representing the lake's hydrodynamics, were built and evaluated through the required input data quantity, the lake's hydrodynamic representation, and time consumption. Two climate change scenarios were simulated using the thermal stability curve, a unidimensional model (GLM), and a 3D mathematical model (Delft3D). The results were consistent, indicating an increase in the lake's temperature and the required energy to break the stratification, altering the lake's thermal patterns. The stability curve requires minimum input data and, with little computing time, can cover a larger simulation window. The unidimensional model requires more input data and knowledge, but with little simulation time, it shows the temperature profile, while the three-dimensional model provides gains in spatial variability representation; however, it needs more input data and advanced knowledge and is time-consuming. In lake management, it will be appropriate to combine the methods, using the curve to analyse the trend and delimitate the period for detailed study.
{"title":"Comparison between methods to predict climate change impacts on tropical shallow lakes","authors":"Lais Ferrer Amorim, Bárbara Pozzan dos Santos Duarte, José Rodolfo Scarati Martins","doi":"10.2166/wcc.2023.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2023.100","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Inland waters play a key role in climate change studies, but choosing the correct tool to represent them is challenging. This paper discusses tools’ applicability for predicting the impact of climate change on a lake's hydrodynamics. It aims to help determine the most suitable method to utilize. Three different tools, capable of representing the lake's hydrodynamics, were built and evaluated through the required input data quantity, the lake's hydrodynamic representation, and time consumption. Two climate change scenarios were simulated using the thermal stability curve, a unidimensional model (GLM), and a 3D mathematical model (Delft3D). The results were consistent, indicating an increase in the lake's temperature and the required energy to break the stratification, altering the lake's thermal patterns. The stability curve requires minimum input data and, with little computing time, can cover a larger simulation window. The unidimensional model requires more input data and knowledge, but with little simulation time, it shows the temperature profile, while the three-dimensional model provides gains in spatial variability representation; however, it needs more input data and advanced knowledge and is time-consuming. In lake management, it will be appropriate to combine the methods, using the curve to analyse the trend and delimitate the period for detailed study.","PeriodicalId":49150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Climate Change","volume":"12 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135932832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study quantifies the degree of hydrological regime alteration in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (MLYR) by incorporating the indicators of hydrologic alteration (IHA) along with six additional indicators. The ecohydrological risks are analyzed using the eco-surplus and eco-deficit indicators. Furthermore, the ecohydrological satisfaction index (ESI) is proposed to characterize the degree to which hydrological conditions meet the eco-water demand of rivers. The results indicate that the concentration period is delayed, and the complexity of hydrological processes is increased in the MLYR. Regarding the variability of hydrological conditions, except for Datong station with a change degree below 0.5, the other stations have experienced high changes. At the annual scale, the eco-surplus and eco-deficit of the MLYR basin have changed with the alteration degree of 0.41 and 0.37, respectively, and the eco-deficit of the mainstream exceeds the eco-surplus, indicating high ecohydrological risks. The ESI at Yichang station has significantly decreased, with the most pronounced decrease occurring in February (−0.35). The ESI of tributaries in the MLYR remains stable, with periods when the ESI at Huangzhuang station exceeds 0.8 accounting for more than 80% of the period from 2004 to 2021.
{"title":"Comprehensive evaluation of watershed ecohydrological risk and ecohydrological satisfaction characteristics from the perspective of hydrological variability","authors":"Huan Yang, Wenxian Guo, Junyan Ju, Haotong Zhou, Xiangyu Bai, Hongxiang Wang","doi":"10.2166/wcc.2023.194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2023.194","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study quantifies the degree of hydrological regime alteration in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (MLYR) by incorporating the indicators of hydrologic alteration (IHA) along with six additional indicators. The ecohydrological risks are analyzed using the eco-surplus and eco-deficit indicators. Furthermore, the ecohydrological satisfaction index (ESI) is proposed to characterize the degree to which hydrological conditions meet the eco-water demand of rivers. The results indicate that the concentration period is delayed, and the complexity of hydrological processes is increased in the MLYR. Regarding the variability of hydrological conditions, except for Datong station with a change degree below 0.5, the other stations have experienced high changes. At the annual scale, the eco-surplus and eco-deficit of the MLYR basin have changed with the alteration degree of 0.41 and 0.37, respectively, and the eco-deficit of the mainstream exceeds the eco-surplus, indicating high ecohydrological risks. The ESI at Yichang station has significantly decreased, with the most pronounced decrease occurring in February (−0.35). The ESI of tributaries in the MLYR remains stable, with periods when the ESI at Huangzhuang station exceeds 0.8 accounting for more than 80% of the period from 2004 to 2021.","PeriodicalId":49150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Climate Change","volume":"11 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135932840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hernán D. Salas, Carolina Florian, Alejandro Builes-Jaramillo, Juliana Valencia, Darwin Mena, Juan Camilo Parra, Juan Carlos Valdes
Abstract We use a generalized watershed loading function (GWLF) model to simulate streamflow in the Gualí River Basin. The model's performance is assessed using metrics such as Percentage of Bias (PBIAS), Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), RMSE–observations Standard deviation Ratio (RSR), and Kling–Gupta Efficiency (KGE) to indicate good performance. Furthermore, we analyze projections of precipitation and streamflow using several global climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) and three shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5). Despite the uncertainties and coarse resolution, our results show that increases in the mean streamflow and significantly decreasing trends in projected precipitation and streamflow are observed from 2015 to 2099 under the SSP5-8.5 scenario. Furthermore, our findings suggest an increase in long-term mid-flow and low-flow. Moreover, this work provides a methodological framework for hydrological modeling in small tropical river basins, by incorporating data from GCMs while raising concerns and caveats. This study offers valuable insights into the potential effects of climate change on streamflow in an Andean river basin characterized by volcanic activity and significant human impacts. The findings reported here provide useful information for future decisions related to water supply for the social, environmental, and productive sectors in the seven towns within the catchment.
{"title":"Climate change and its effects on the streamflow of an Andean river basin with volcanic activity","authors":"Hernán D. Salas, Carolina Florian, Alejandro Builes-Jaramillo, Juliana Valencia, Darwin Mena, Juan Camilo Parra, Juan Carlos Valdes","doi":"10.2166/wcc.2023.340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2023.340","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We use a generalized watershed loading function (GWLF) model to simulate streamflow in the Gualí River Basin. The model's performance is assessed using metrics such as Percentage of Bias (PBIAS), Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), RMSE–observations Standard deviation Ratio (RSR), and Kling–Gupta Efficiency (KGE) to indicate good performance. Furthermore, we analyze projections of precipitation and streamflow using several global climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) and three shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5). Despite the uncertainties and coarse resolution, our results show that increases in the mean streamflow and significantly decreasing trends in projected precipitation and streamflow are observed from 2015 to 2099 under the SSP5-8.5 scenario. Furthermore, our findings suggest an increase in long-term mid-flow and low-flow. Moreover, this work provides a methodological framework for hydrological modeling in small tropical river basins, by incorporating data from GCMs while raising concerns and caveats. This study offers valuable insights into the potential effects of climate change on streamflow in an Andean river basin characterized by volcanic activity and significant human impacts. The findings reported here provide useful information for future decisions related to water supply for the social, environmental, and productive sectors in the seven towns within the catchment.","PeriodicalId":49150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Climate Change","volume":"18 S2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135932967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Although climate models can highlight potential shifts in intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves, their limited geographical and temporal resolutions limit their direct use in predicting sub-daily heavy precipitation. To use global or regional model outputs to predict urban short-term precipitation, approaches that give the requisite level of spatial and temporal downscaling are required, and these processes remain one of the difficulties that have demanded intensive effort in recent years. Although no novel methods are given in this work, there are few studies in the literature that investigate the impact of climate change on the analysis and design of infrastructure-related engineering structures. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to determine the potential changes in IDF curves because of climate change. The equidistance quantile matching method was used to turn future rainfall forecast data from global climate models (HadGEM2-ES, MPI-ESM-MR, and GFDL-ESM2M) corresponding to RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios into standard duration rainfall data, and new IDF curves were generated. These IDF curves corresponded very well with those generated from observed data (R2 ≈ 1). The HadGEM2-ES model predicts up to a 25% rise in rainfall intensity, whereas the other two models expect up to a 50% drop.
{"title":"Estimating IDF curves under changing climate conditions for different climate regions","authors":"Burak Gül, Necati Kayaalp","doi":"10.2166/wcc.2023.306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2023.306","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Although climate models can highlight potential shifts in intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves, their limited geographical and temporal resolutions limit their direct use in predicting sub-daily heavy precipitation. To use global or regional model outputs to predict urban short-term precipitation, approaches that give the requisite level of spatial and temporal downscaling are required, and these processes remain one of the difficulties that have demanded intensive effort in recent years. Although no novel methods are given in this work, there are few studies in the literature that investigate the impact of climate change on the analysis and design of infrastructure-related engineering structures. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to determine the potential changes in IDF curves because of climate change. The equidistance quantile matching method was used to turn future rainfall forecast data from global climate models (HadGEM2-ES, MPI-ESM-MR, and GFDL-ESM2M) corresponding to RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios into standard duration rainfall data, and new IDF curves were generated. These IDF curves corresponded very well with those generated from observed data (R2 ≈ 1). The HadGEM2-ES model predicts up to a 25% rise in rainfall intensity, whereas the other two models expect up to a 50% drop.","PeriodicalId":49150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Climate Change","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135933095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In the 21st century, climate change, which is predominantly caused by human activities, has emerged as a major global concern. This paper examines in depth the profound and multifarious effects of climate change on ecosystems and the ecosystem services they provide. It further investigates the complex connections between climate change and ecosystems, focusing on terrestrial, aquatic, and marine habitats. Notably, we emphasize the unique challenges confronting ecosystems in Southeast Asia, a region of ecological significance where the ocean economy is fundamental to human livelihoods. Climate change threatens ecosystem services in numerous ways, including the provision of food and water, climate regulation, nutrient cycling, and cultural importance. We emphasize the potential transformation of ecosystems from carbon sinks to carbon sources, which has implications for climate control. Moreover, changes in disease vectors and altered landscapes raise concerns for human health and cultural traditions. We emphasize the importance of international cooperation, as exemplified by the Paris Agreement, in mitigating climate change collectively. In addition, we advocate for the inclusion of indigenous communities and traditional ecological knowledge in conservation and restoration initiatives. This paper concludes by emphasizing the profound interdependence between ecosystems and human well-being and the urgency of taking action.
{"title":"A comprehensive review of climate change's imprint on ecosystems","authors":"Jyotsana Pandit, Anish Kumar Sharma","doi":"10.2166/wcc.2023.476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2023.476","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the 21st century, climate change, which is predominantly caused by human activities, has emerged as a major global concern. This paper examines in depth the profound and multifarious effects of climate change on ecosystems and the ecosystem services they provide. It further investigates the complex connections between climate change and ecosystems, focusing on terrestrial, aquatic, and marine habitats. Notably, we emphasize the unique challenges confronting ecosystems in Southeast Asia, a region of ecological significance where the ocean economy is fundamental to human livelihoods. Climate change threatens ecosystem services in numerous ways, including the provision of food and water, climate regulation, nutrient cycling, and cultural importance. We emphasize the potential transformation of ecosystems from carbon sinks to carbon sources, which has implications for climate control. Moreover, changes in disease vectors and altered landscapes raise concerns for human health and cultural traditions. We emphasize the importance of international cooperation, as exemplified by the Paris Agreement, in mitigating climate change collectively. In addition, we advocate for the inclusion of indigenous communities and traditional ecological knowledge in conservation and restoration initiatives. This paper concludes by emphasizing the profound interdependence between ecosystems and human well-being and the urgency of taking action.","PeriodicalId":49150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Climate Change","volume":"16 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135932977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The main purpose of this paper was to investigate the monthly, seasonal, and annual rainfall variability in the Mae Klong River Basin in Thailand using the Mann–Kendall (MK) test, Sen's slope method, Spearman's Rho (SR) test, and the innovative trend analysis (ITA) method. The monthly rainfall data of eight stations for the period 1971–2015 were used for trend analysis. Datasets with significant serial correlation were corrected by the trend-free pre-whitening (TFPW) approach for statistical methods. The MK test showed increasing rainfall trends for five out of eight stations in the dry season while 50% stations indicated increasing trends in the wet season. On an annual scale, 75% of the stations exhibited increasing rainfall trends. The results of the SR test were in line with the MK test for seasonal and annual rainfall. The ITA method showed comparable findings with that of the statistical methods. For the entire basin, trend analysis found increasing rainfall on both seasonal and annual scales by all the tests. The findings of this study could benefit water supply and management, drought monitoring, agricultural production activities, and socioeconomic development in the Mae Klong River Basin in the future.
{"title":"Combined use of graphical and statistical approaches for rainfall trend analysis in the Mae Klong River Basin, Thailand","authors":"Alamgir Khalil","doi":"10.2166/wcc.2023.552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2023.552","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The main purpose of this paper was to investigate the monthly, seasonal, and annual rainfall variability in the Mae Klong River Basin in Thailand using the Mann–Kendall (MK) test, Sen's slope method, Spearman's Rho (SR) test, and the innovative trend analysis (ITA) method. The monthly rainfall data of eight stations for the period 1971–2015 were used for trend analysis. Datasets with significant serial correlation were corrected by the trend-free pre-whitening (TFPW) approach for statistical methods. The MK test showed increasing rainfall trends for five out of eight stations in the dry season while 50% stations indicated increasing trends in the wet season. On an annual scale, 75% of the stations exhibited increasing rainfall trends. The results of the SR test were in line with the MK test for seasonal and annual rainfall. The ITA method showed comparable findings with that of the statistical methods. For the entire basin, trend analysis found increasing rainfall on both seasonal and annual scales by all the tests. The findings of this study could benefit water supply and management, drought monitoring, agricultural production activities, and socioeconomic development in the Mae Klong River Basin in the future.","PeriodicalId":49150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Climate Change","volume":"10 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135973798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mark Maimone, Sebastian Malter, Tsega Anbessie, Julia Rockwell
Abstract (1) Three practical and easily implementable methods are provided to estimate percent increases in extreme rainfall due to climate change for the period 2020–2090 using Global Climate Model (GCM) output. (2) Methods are designed to bracket the expected range of extreme rainfall intensification for 1–24-h events with return intervals of 1 year to 100 years. (3) One method is based on the 20 largest wet days produced by an ensemble of GCMs, and the other two use GCM projections of temperature and Clausius–Clapeyron assumptions. (4) The results of the case study for the Philadelphia area show that, by the end-of-century, extreme rain event volumes might increase from a low of 18% to a high of 61%, depending on the duration and return interval under consideration. (5) Methods have been benchmarked against existing, publicly available projected rainfall intensities to show the methods that provide an accurate range of extreme rainfall intensification due to climate change.
{"title":"Three methods of characterizing climate-induced changes in extreme rainfall: a comparison study","authors":"Mark Maimone, Sebastian Malter, Tsega Anbessie, Julia Rockwell","doi":"10.2166/wcc.2023.420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2023.420","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract (1) Three practical and easily implementable methods are provided to estimate percent increases in extreme rainfall due to climate change for the period 2020–2090 using Global Climate Model (GCM) output. (2) Methods are designed to bracket the expected range of extreme rainfall intensification for 1–24-h events with return intervals of 1 year to 100 years. (3) One method is based on the 20 largest wet days produced by an ensemble of GCMs, and the other two use GCM projections of temperature and Clausius–Clapeyron assumptions. (4) The results of the case study for the Philadelphia area show that, by the end-of-century, extreme rain event volumes might increase from a low of 18% to a high of 61%, depending on the duration and return interval under consideration. (5) Methods have been benchmarked against existing, publicly available projected rainfall intensities to show the methods that provide an accurate range of extreme rainfall intensification due to climate change.","PeriodicalId":49150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Climate Change","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135869716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Climate change refers to long-term alterations in climate patterns across various regions of the world. As per the data availability and explanations given by different researchers, human exercises, particularly the burning of coal, deforestation, and the use of oil have increased the temperature of the Earth by significantly improving the engagement of heat-absorbing gases in the environment. The above-stated ratio will increase proportionally in the future. Therefore, climate change is one of our biggest global challenges, and urgent action must be taken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and adapt to its effects, and ensure a long and healthy life for all. This paper examines the different aspects of the effects of climate change on different ecosystem elements, such as air, water, plants, animals, and human beings, with a notable focus on economic aspects. Finally, to better understand the situation, data in this report were collected from different media platforms, research mechanisms, guideline papers, newspapers, and other references. This review paper considers climate change mitigation and transformation hovers worldwide in different sectors like human health, crop productivity, and the related economic impact. The conclusions emphasize that government monitoring is essential for the country's long-term growth through responsible resource management.
{"title":"A review on climate change impacts, models, and its consequences on different sectors: a systematic approach","authors":"Amit Rawat, Dilip Kumar, Bhishm Singh Khati","doi":"10.2166/wcc.2023.536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2023.536","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Climate change refers to long-term alterations in climate patterns across various regions of the world. As per the data availability and explanations given by different researchers, human exercises, particularly the burning of coal, deforestation, and the use of oil have increased the temperature of the Earth by significantly improving the engagement of heat-absorbing gases in the environment. The above-stated ratio will increase proportionally in the future. Therefore, climate change is one of our biggest global challenges, and urgent action must be taken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and adapt to its effects, and ensure a long and healthy life for all. This paper examines the different aspects of the effects of climate change on different ecosystem elements, such as air, water, plants, animals, and human beings, with a notable focus on economic aspects. Finally, to better understand the situation, data in this report were collected from different media platforms, research mechanisms, guideline papers, newspapers, and other references. This review paper considers climate change mitigation and transformation hovers worldwide in different sectors like human health, crop productivity, and the related economic impact. The conclusions emphasize that government monitoring is essential for the country's long-term growth through responsible resource management.","PeriodicalId":49150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Climate Change","volume":"7 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135871095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The Government of South Korea has devoted efforts to mainstream climate adaptation in the national framework for a decade, and the recent National Climate Adaptation Plan (2021–2025) is a part of the continued institutionalizing endeavor to enhance adaptive capacity. To cope with climate threats, such as financial loss and death toll, confirmed at the 55th Session of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2022, addressing a fundamental question of how to mainstream climate adaptations at the governmental policy level came to the fore. This study builds an analysis framework comprising three different domains of institutionalized mainstreaming–normative, organizational, and operational approaches–to understand how far climate adaptation has been institutionalized. Further, the framework is applied to analyze the extent to which an administrative project ‘I. Water Management' specified in the Detailed Implementation Programs has been mainstreamed. The analysis results indicate more rigorous inter/intra organizational governance and responsibility supported by regulatory provisions are much needed, inter alia, for the due course of institutionalizing climate adaptation. It can be quite challenging to achieving national climate adaptation in a timely manner when there is a lack of comprehensive integration of resilience institutions into national recognition, regulatory organization, and operational tools.
{"title":"Mainstreaming climate adaptation: focusing on the water management of the third national climate adaptation plan of South Korea","authors":"Changdeok Gim, Jiyoung Shin","doi":"10.2166/wcc.2023.408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2023.408","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Government of South Korea has devoted efforts to mainstream climate adaptation in the national framework for a decade, and the recent National Climate Adaptation Plan (2021–2025) is a part of the continued institutionalizing endeavor to enhance adaptive capacity. To cope with climate threats, such as financial loss and death toll, confirmed at the 55th Session of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2022, addressing a fundamental question of how to mainstream climate adaptations at the governmental policy level came to the fore. This study builds an analysis framework comprising three different domains of institutionalized mainstreaming–normative, organizational, and operational approaches–to understand how far climate adaptation has been institutionalized. Further, the framework is applied to analyze the extent to which an administrative project ‘I. Water Management' specified in the Detailed Implementation Programs has been mainstreamed. The analysis results indicate more rigorous inter/intra organizational governance and responsibility supported by regulatory provisions are much needed, inter alia, for the due course of institutionalizing climate adaptation. It can be quite challenging to achieving national climate adaptation in a timely manner when there is a lack of comprehensive integration of resilience institutions into national recognition, regulatory organization, and operational tools.","PeriodicalId":49150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Climate Change","volume":"35 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136022707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hongxiang Wang, Yiyang Yan, Lintong Huang, Ning He, Wenxian Guo
Abstract Scientific ecological hydrological indicators provide constraints that contribute to the healthy operation and restoration of river ecosystems. Daily flow data from three Jing River outlets (SongZiKou (SZK), TaiPingKou (TPK), and OuChiKou (OCK)) spanning 1955–2019 were used. We employed innovative methods, such as IHA–RVA and annual distribution, to establish ecological flow thresholds. Surplus and deficit indicators were used to analyze annual and seasonal runoff dynamics. The PCA/RVA method identified relevant hydrological indicators and assessed hydrological changes influenced by the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR). Key findings include suitable ecological flow thresholds for the flood season (SZK/TPK/OCK – 218.6/94.5, 51.7/96.0, and 60.9–4,494.5 m3/s, respectively). The TGR impacted the flow duration curve, causing deficits during the flood season (up to 0.99, OCK) and surpluses in non-flood seasons (up to 5.04, OCK). The study assessed the Jing River watershed's response to hydrological changes, notably due to the reservoir's water storage and flow interruption during the dry season, revealing declining low pulse count (SDG) and duration (MTS) and increasing high pulse duration (GJP). This research employs innovative methods and hydrological indicators, enhancing understanding of Jing River watershed ecological hydrology, and offering essential data for water resource management and ecosystem health.
{"title":"Ecological flow research and optimal selection of the most ecologically relevant hydrologic indicators at the Jingjiang River's three outlets","authors":"Hongxiang Wang, Yiyang Yan, Lintong Huang, Ning He, Wenxian Guo","doi":"10.2166/wcc.2023.284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2023.284","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Scientific ecological hydrological indicators provide constraints that contribute to the healthy operation and restoration of river ecosystems. Daily flow data from three Jing River outlets (SongZiKou (SZK), TaiPingKou (TPK), and OuChiKou (OCK)) spanning 1955–2019 were used. We employed innovative methods, such as IHA–RVA and annual distribution, to establish ecological flow thresholds. Surplus and deficit indicators were used to analyze annual and seasonal runoff dynamics. The PCA/RVA method identified relevant hydrological indicators and assessed hydrological changes influenced by the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR). Key findings include suitable ecological flow thresholds for the flood season (SZK/TPK/OCK – 218.6/94.5, 51.7/96.0, and 60.9–4,494.5 m3/s, respectively). The TGR impacted the flow duration curve, causing deficits during the flood season (up to 0.99, OCK) and surpluses in non-flood seasons (up to 5.04, OCK). The study assessed the Jing River watershed's response to hydrological changes, notably due to the reservoir's water storage and flow interruption during the dry season, revealing declining low pulse count (SDG) and duration (MTS) and increasing high pulse duration (GJP). This research employs innovative methods and hydrological indicators, enhancing understanding of Jing River watershed ecological hydrology, and offering essential data for water resource management and ecosystem health.","PeriodicalId":49150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Climate Change","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136104462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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