S. Alimkulov, Lyazzat Makhmudova, E. Talipova, G. Baspakova, D. Tigkas, Isakan Gulsaira
Hydrological droughts occur due to a variety of hydrometeorological phenomena, such as a lack of precipitation, reduced snow cover, and high evaporation. The values of these factors vary depending on the climate and the severity of drought events. Droughts caused by a lack of precipitation and continuing in the warm season have a longer periodicity. This important statement raises the question of whether climate change may exacerbate the phenomenon of drought. Therefore, understanding the changes in the formation of hydrological droughts is key to foreseeing possible changes in the future. This scientific study analyses the spread of hydrometeorological droughts in the Ile-Balkash basin using standardized precipitation indices and the drought index of river runoff. Lake Balkash plays an important role in the hydrological cycle and is a valuable freshwater resource, especially in dry years. Prolonged droughts in the area have serious consequences, such as deterioration of water quality and loss of wetlands, which are important to the ecological system and migratory birds. The analysis shows that during the period of instrumental observations, several extreme hydrological droughts were observed in this area (1943–1946, 1973–1975, and 1983–1987), which emphasizes the relevance and importance of scientific research on the problem of drought.
{"title":"Response of the water level of the Balkash Lake to the distribution of meteorological and hydrological droughts under the conditions of climate change","authors":"S. Alimkulov, Lyazzat Makhmudova, E. Talipova, G. Baspakova, D. Tigkas, Isakan Gulsaira","doi":"10.2166/wcc.2024.271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2024.271","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Hydrological droughts occur due to a variety of hydrometeorological phenomena, such as a lack of precipitation, reduced snow cover, and high evaporation. The values of these factors vary depending on the climate and the severity of drought events. Droughts caused by a lack of precipitation and continuing in the warm season have a longer periodicity. This important statement raises the question of whether climate change may exacerbate the phenomenon of drought. Therefore, understanding the changes in the formation of hydrological droughts is key to foreseeing possible changes in the future. This scientific study analyses the spread of hydrometeorological droughts in the Ile-Balkash basin using standardized precipitation indices and the drought index of river runoff. Lake Balkash plays an important role in the hydrological cycle and is a valuable freshwater resource, especially in dry years. Prolonged droughts in the area have serious consequences, such as deterioration of water quality and loss of wetlands, which are important to the ecological system and migratory birds. The analysis shows that during the period of instrumental observations, several extreme hydrological droughts were observed in this area (1943–1946, 1973–1975, and 1983–1987), which emphasizes the relevance and importance of scientific research on the problem of drought.","PeriodicalId":49150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Climate Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141371321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rodrick Lepcha, S. Patra, R. Poddar, Arindam Sarkar, Ratneswar Ray, S. Alharbi, Mohammad Javed Ansari, A. Hossain
A field experiment designed with three tiers of irrigation viz., I0: rainfed, I1: 100% crop evapotranspiration (1.0 ETc) and I2: 0.75 ETc and four tiers of soil nutrition viz., N0: control (no farmyard manure and fertilizer), N1: 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) as FYM, N2: 50% RDF as FYM +50% RDF as chemical fertilizers and N3: 100% RDF as chemical fertilizers was conducted for four consecutive years (2015–2018) on large cardamom at the hilly terrain of Gitdubling lower beyong busty in Kalimpong Block II in Darjeeling district of WB India. The results showed that I1N3 treatment combination providing microsprinkler irrigation at 1.0 ETc and full RDF (20:40:40::N:P2O5:K2O kg ha−1) recorded highest growth, yield attributes, fresh yield (665.2 kg ha−1) and dry yield (282.0 kg ha−1) of capsules, greatest water productivity (1.8 × 100 kg m−3) and largest soil availability and leaf accumulation of N, P and K. The soil water distribution along the phenological stages was inconsistent and followed the trend according to the rainfall amounts; however, the contents increased with an increase in soil depth and irrigation regime. The predictive regressive models showed the linear relationships between the dry capsule yield and irrigation water and total water use by the plant.
田间试验设计了三个灌溉等级，即：I0：雨水灌溉；I1：100%作物蒸散量（1.0 ETc）；I2：0.75 ETc；以及四个土壤营养等级，即连续四年（2015-2018 年），在印度西伯利亚大吉岭地区卡林邦第二区块 Gitdubling lower beyong busty 的丘陵地带对大豆蔻进行了研究。结果表明，提供 1.0 ETc 微喷灌和全 RDF（20:40:40::N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1）的 I1N3 处理组合，蒴果生长、产量属性、鲜产量（665.2 kg ha-1）和干产量（282.0 kg ha-1）最高，水分生产率（1.各物候期的土壤水分分布不一致，随降雨量的变化而变化；但土壤水分含量随土壤深度和灌溉制度的增加而增加。预测回归模型显示，干蒴果产量与灌溉水量和植物总用水量之间存在线性关系。
{"title":"Microsprinkler irrigation in combination with nutrient management influences crop and water productivity and water-nutrient dynamics in large cardamom-growing soils in the hilly sub-Himalayan region of India","authors":"Rodrick Lepcha, S. Patra, R. Poddar, Arindam Sarkar, Ratneswar Ray, S. Alharbi, Mohammad Javed Ansari, A. Hossain","doi":"10.2166/wcc.2024.683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2024.683","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 A field experiment designed with three tiers of irrigation viz., I0: rainfed, I1: 100% crop evapotranspiration (1.0 ETc) and I2: 0.75 ETc and four tiers of soil nutrition viz., N0: control (no farmyard manure and fertilizer), N1: 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) as FYM, N2: 50% RDF as FYM +50% RDF as chemical fertilizers and N3: 100% RDF as chemical fertilizers was conducted for four consecutive years (2015–2018) on large cardamom at the hilly terrain of Gitdubling lower beyong busty in Kalimpong Block II in Darjeeling district of WB India. The results showed that I1N3 treatment combination providing microsprinkler irrigation at 1.0 ETc and full RDF (20:40:40::N:P2O5:K2O kg ha−1) recorded highest growth, yield attributes, fresh yield (665.2 kg ha−1) and dry yield (282.0 kg ha−1) of capsules, greatest water productivity (1.8 × 100 kg m−3) and largest soil availability and leaf accumulation of N, P and K. The soil water distribution along the phenological stages was inconsistent and followed the trend according to the rainfall amounts; however, the contents increased with an increase in soil depth and irrigation regime. The predictive regressive models showed the linear relationships between the dry capsule yield and irrigation water and total water use by the plant.","PeriodicalId":49150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Climate Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141379468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md. Habibul Huq, Md Mafizur Rahman, G. M. J. Hasan
Inexorable urbanization continues apace across the world and urban flooding in megacities is now frequently evidenced due to extreme rainfall events due to climate change (CC). Climate-resilient urban drainage planning is critical towards making sustainable cities or any new urbanization. This paper presents an approach through an insightful assessment of climate resilient urban drainage applying GIS-based Soil Conservation Service-Curve Number (SCS-CN) model of a new urban growth of megacity Dhaka, Bangladesh. A precise DEM (Digital Elevation Model) of the study area has been used for catchment delineation using ArcSWAT. Localized climate anomalies of rainfall of around 11% have been identified during monsoon from statistical downscaling and included in the cumulative rainfall event of 5 days. The effect of historical and CC-induced rainfall have been used to identify and map the peak discharges of sub-catchments considering the return period of 5-day cumulative rainfall for 10, 25, and 100 years of the urban catchment for both existing and future land-use scenarios accounting for the change in CN. The varying results of the peak discharges of the sub-catchments for resilient drainage planning is not only dependent on the increase in rainfall but also the combined response of the land-use and soil profile.
{"title":"Climate-resilient urban drainage planning: an approach using a GIS-based SCS-CN model","authors":"Md. Habibul Huq, Md Mafizur Rahman, G. M. J. Hasan","doi":"10.2166/wcc.2024.616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2024.616","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Inexorable urbanization continues apace across the world and urban flooding in megacities is now frequently evidenced due to extreme rainfall events due to climate change (CC). Climate-resilient urban drainage planning is critical towards making sustainable cities or any new urbanization. This paper presents an approach through an insightful assessment of climate resilient urban drainage applying GIS-based Soil Conservation Service-Curve Number (SCS-CN) model of a new urban growth of megacity Dhaka, Bangladesh. A precise DEM (Digital Elevation Model) of the study area has been used for catchment delineation using ArcSWAT. Localized climate anomalies of rainfall of around 11% have been identified during monsoon from statistical downscaling and included in the cumulative rainfall event of 5 days. The effect of historical and CC-induced rainfall have been used to identify and map the peak discharges of sub-catchments considering the return period of 5-day cumulative rainfall for 10, 25, and 100 years of the urban catchment for both existing and future land-use scenarios accounting for the change in CN. The varying results of the peak discharges of the sub-catchments for resilient drainage planning is not only dependent on the increase in rainfall but also the combined response of the land-use and soil profile.","PeriodicalId":49150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Climate Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141385217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Data scarcity and unavailability of observed rainfalls in the northeastern states of India limit prediction of extreme hydro-climatological changes. To fill this gap, a data assimilation approach has been applied to re-construct accurate high-resolution gridded (5 km2) daily rainfall data (2001–2020), which include seasonality assessment, statistical evaluation, and bias correction. Random forest (RF) and support vector regression were used to predict rainfall time series, and a comparison between machine learning and data assimilation-based gridded rainfall data was performed. Five gridded rainfall datasets, namely, Indian Monsoon Data Assimilation and Analysis (IMDAA) (12 km2), APHRODITE (25 km2), India Meteorological Department (25 km2), PRINCETON (25 km2), and CHIRPS (25 and 5 km2), have been utilized. For re-constructed rainfall datasets (5 km2), the comparative seasonality and change assessment have been performed with respect to other rainfall datasets. CHIRPS and APHRODITE datasets have shown better similarities with IMDAA. The RF and assimilated rainfall (AR) have superiority based on bias and extremity, and AR data were recognized as the best accurate data (>0.8). Precipitation change analysis (2021–2100) performed utilizing the bias corrected and downscaled CMIP6 datasets showed that the dry spells will be enhanced. Considering the CMIP6 moderate emission scenario, i.e., SSP245, the wet spell will be enhanced in future; however, when considering SSP585 (representing the extreme worst case), the wet spells will be decreased.
{"title":"Data assimilation with machine learning for constructing gridded rainfall time series data to assess long-term rainfall changes in the northeastern regions in India","authors":"Vishal Singh, J. Bansal, Deepti Rani, Pushpendra Kumar Singh, Manish Kumar Nema, Sudhir Kumar Singh, Sanjay Kumar Jain","doi":"10.2166/wcc.2024.644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2024.644","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Data scarcity and unavailability of observed rainfalls in the northeastern states of India limit prediction of extreme hydro-climatological changes. To fill this gap, a data assimilation approach has been applied to re-construct accurate high-resolution gridded (5 km2) daily rainfall data (2001–2020), which include seasonality assessment, statistical evaluation, and bias correction. Random forest (RF) and support vector regression were used to predict rainfall time series, and a comparison between machine learning and data assimilation-based gridded rainfall data was performed. Five gridded rainfall datasets, namely, Indian Monsoon Data Assimilation and Analysis (IMDAA) (12 km2), APHRODITE (25 km2), India Meteorological Department (25 km2), PRINCETON (25 km2), and CHIRPS (25 and 5 km2), have been utilized. For re-constructed rainfall datasets (5 km2), the comparative seasonality and change assessment have been performed with respect to other rainfall datasets. CHIRPS and APHRODITE datasets have shown better similarities with IMDAA. The RF and assimilated rainfall (AR) have superiority based on bias and extremity, and AR data were recognized as the best accurate data (>0.8). Precipitation change analysis (2021–2100) performed utilizing the bias corrected and downscaled CMIP6 datasets showed that the dry spells will be enhanced. Considering the CMIP6 moderate emission scenario, i.e., SSP245, the wet spell will be enhanced in future; however, when considering SSP585 (representing the extreme worst case), the wet spells will be decreased.","PeriodicalId":49150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Climate Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141384549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Glaciers are the source of freshwater for many perennial rivers around the world. Out of 215,000 glaciers apart from the polar ice sheets, the Himalayas constitute about 54,000 glaciers and are often referred to as the third pole on the Earth. In recent decades, the Himalayan glaciers have been experiencing increased recession as a consequence of climate change. Subsequently, understanding the dynamics of glacier ice parameters and volume becomes significant. In this study, an ensemble model of laminar-flow-based and basal-shear-stress-based models on the Chhota Shigri Glacier was investigated to understand the dynamics of glacier ice thickness over 6 years, from 2017 to 2022. The glacier volume was determined from the ensembled ice thickness. Our results indicate that the ensemble model yields the minimum ice thickness measurement of 102 ± 17.38 m and the maximum of 112 ± 19.04 m for the years 2017 and 2019, respectively. The estimated results show a correlation of 81% with a global ice thickness dataset. The ensemble approach provides better estimates for ice thickness accounting for more parameters affecting the glacier dynamics. From 2017 to 2022, the Chhota Shigri Glacier volume has been observed to show a slightly negative trend.
{"title":"Ensemble modelling of ice volume dynamics of Chhota Shigri Glacier in Himachal Pradesh from 2017 to 2022","authors":"Diksha Sinha, Hemant Singh, D. Varade","doi":"10.2166/wcc.2024.074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2024.074","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Glaciers are the source of freshwater for many perennial rivers around the world. Out of 215,000 glaciers apart from the polar ice sheets, the Himalayas constitute about 54,000 glaciers and are often referred to as the third pole on the Earth. In recent decades, the Himalayan glaciers have been experiencing increased recession as a consequence of climate change. Subsequently, understanding the dynamics of glacier ice parameters and volume becomes significant. In this study, an ensemble model of laminar-flow-based and basal-shear-stress-based models on the Chhota Shigri Glacier was investigated to understand the dynamics of glacier ice thickness over 6 years, from 2017 to 2022. The glacier volume was determined from the ensembled ice thickness. Our results indicate that the ensemble model yields the minimum ice thickness measurement of 102 ± 17.38 m and the maximum of 112 ± 19.04 m for the years 2017 and 2019, respectively. The estimated results show a correlation of 81% with a global ice thickness dataset. The ensemble approach provides better estimates for ice thickness accounting for more parameters affecting the glacier dynamics. From 2017 to 2022, the Chhota Shigri Glacier volume has been observed to show a slightly negative trend.","PeriodicalId":49150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Climate Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141098745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Filipe Henrique Miranda Ferreira, Wilson Cabral Sousa Júnior, Danielle Almeida Bressiani, Walter Manoel Mendes Filho, Demerval Aparecido Gonçalves
This study analyzed the impact of climate change on the hydrological conditions of the Upper Paraguay Basin, which has as its outlet the river channel in the municipality of Cáceres – Mato Grosso, Brazil, close to the plateau/Pantanal plain divide. Using the SWAT+ hydrological model and projections from the HADGEM and MIROC models, different flow scenarios were simulated under radiative concentration thresholds (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5. The results showed an average annual reduction of 44.07% in HADGEM 4.5, 51.00% in HADGEM 8.5, 37.35% in MIROC 4.5, and 39.12% in MIROC 8.5 inflows. The results are crucial for the management of water resources, the operation of the Paraguay-Paraná Waterway, and the resilience of the ecosystem, helping decision-making and management considering the predicted climate and hydrological changes.
{"title":"Climate change in the upper Paraguay Basin and hydrological impacts on the Pantanal","authors":"Filipe Henrique Miranda Ferreira, Wilson Cabral Sousa Júnior, Danielle Almeida Bressiani, Walter Manoel Mendes Filho, Demerval Aparecido Gonçalves","doi":"10.2166/wcc.2024.081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2024.081","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study analyzed the impact of climate change on the hydrological conditions of the Upper Paraguay Basin, which has as its outlet the river channel in the municipality of Cáceres – Mato Grosso, Brazil, close to the plateau/Pantanal plain divide. Using the SWAT+ hydrological model and projections from the HADGEM and MIROC models, different flow scenarios were simulated under radiative concentration thresholds (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5. The results showed an average annual reduction of 44.07% in HADGEM 4.5, 51.00% in HADGEM 8.5, 37.35% in MIROC 4.5, and 39.12% in MIROC 8.5 inflows. The results are crucial for the management of water resources, the operation of the Paraguay-Paraná Waterway, and the resilience of the ecosystem, helping decision-making and management considering the predicted climate and hydrological changes.","PeriodicalId":49150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Climate Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141102650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
QwaQwa, in South Africa, experiences high exposure to multiple climate change impacts. The area is particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. As such, this paper aims to assess community resilience, estimate the risk of multiple climate change impacts in QwaQwa, and propose strategies to reduce risk and build resilience. Data were collected using a household survey and key informant interviews with a sample of 349 participants. An indicator method, based on the Community Capitals Framework, was used to measure resilience and estimate risk. The composite resilience indicators were weighted using Principal Component Analysis. The Cronbach's alpha (α) test indicated a very good internal consistency in the scaled items. The results indicated that medium resilience to climate change impacts in QwaQwa was mostly driven by access to all six capitals measured in this study: natural, human, social, financial, political, and infrastructural capitals. The multi-hazard risk estimate resulted in a very high index of 4.1. These results were validated at a stakeholder workshop. Strategies that use nature-based solutions, training and education for people of all ages, sectors and professions, and increased community and local government cooperation were deemed essential for boosting resilience and reducing disaster risks in the area.
{"title":"Building resilience to multiple climate change-related risks in QwaQwa using the community capitals approach","authors":"F. Muyambo, J. Belle, Y. Nyam, Israel Orimoloye","doi":"10.2166/wcc.2024.385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2024.385","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 QwaQwa, in South Africa, experiences high exposure to multiple climate change impacts. The area is particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. As such, this paper aims to assess community resilience, estimate the risk of multiple climate change impacts in QwaQwa, and propose strategies to reduce risk and build resilience. Data were collected using a household survey and key informant interviews with a sample of 349 participants. An indicator method, based on the Community Capitals Framework, was used to measure resilience and estimate risk. The composite resilience indicators were weighted using Principal Component Analysis. The Cronbach's alpha (α) test indicated a very good internal consistency in the scaled items. The results indicated that medium resilience to climate change impacts in QwaQwa was mostly driven by access to all six capitals measured in this study: natural, human, social, financial, political, and infrastructural capitals. The multi-hazard risk estimate resulted in a very high index of 4.1. These results were validated at a stakeholder workshop. Strategies that use nature-based solutions, training and education for people of all ages, sectors and professions, and increased community and local government cooperation were deemed essential for boosting resilience and reducing disaster risks in the area.","PeriodicalId":49150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Climate Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141101799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Morie Elogima Kendekpa Alie, Mohamed Yateh, Jean Pierre Bavumiragira, Zhenliang Liao
The global trend of climate change presents substantial obstacles to the agricultural sector in Africa, impacting farmers’ livelihoods and jeopardizing food security. Sierra Leone, similar to numerous other African nations, confronts substantial obstacles in effectively responding to the consequences of climate change, with a special emphasis on the agricultural domain. The article examines the formidable obstacles farmers face in Sierra Leone as they strive to adjust to the impacts of climate change. A detailed literature review and empirical evidence identify four main barriers: economic, knowledge and information, institutional and policy, and social and cultural aspects. Farmers face economic problems investing in adaptable technologies and recovering from climate-related losses due to restricted financial resources, financial institution availability, and insurance coverage. Limited access to reliable climate data and scientific research hinders informed decision-making and adaptive strategy prioritization. Institutional and policy challenges including limited institutional capacity for climate change adaptation planning and implementation and policy gaps and inconsistencies hinder farmers’ climate adaptation efforts. Social and cultural variables including traditional attitudes and traditions also resist change and impede climate-resilient actions. Financial support, targeted extension services, farmer-to-farmer learning, enhanced institutions, policy integration into agricultural policies, and community engagement are suggested.
{"title":"Identifying challenging barriers to farmer's adaptation to climate change in Bo district, Sierra Leone: A review","authors":"Morie Elogima Kendekpa Alie, Mohamed Yateh, Jean Pierre Bavumiragira, Zhenliang Liao","doi":"10.2166/wcc.2024.634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2024.634","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The global trend of climate change presents substantial obstacles to the agricultural sector in Africa, impacting farmers’ livelihoods and jeopardizing food security. Sierra Leone, similar to numerous other African nations, confronts substantial obstacles in effectively responding to the consequences of climate change, with a special emphasis on the agricultural domain. The article examines the formidable obstacles farmers face in Sierra Leone as they strive to adjust to the impacts of climate change. A detailed literature review and empirical evidence identify four main barriers: economic, knowledge and information, institutional and policy, and social and cultural aspects. Farmers face economic problems investing in adaptable technologies and recovering from climate-related losses due to restricted financial resources, financial institution availability, and insurance coverage. Limited access to reliable climate data and scientific research hinders informed decision-making and adaptive strategy prioritization. Institutional and policy challenges including limited institutional capacity for climate change adaptation planning and implementation and policy gaps and inconsistencies hinder farmers’ climate adaptation efforts. Social and cultural variables including traditional attitudes and traditions also resist change and impede climate-resilient actions. Financial support, targeted extension services, farmer-to-farmer learning, enhanced institutions, policy integration into agricultural policies, and community engagement are suggested.","PeriodicalId":49150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Climate Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141105177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study introduces a technique to uncover concealed patterns in satellite altimetry data, reflecting sea level variations in inland water bodies. We applied the methodology to the Caspian Sea, using altimetry data from four satellite missions over 27 years (1993–2020): TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason1, Jason2, and Jason3. The approach involves two steps: estimating sea level trends and identifying breakpoints that indicate trend shifts; and leveraging time lags between breakpoints at various locations to classify water drainage areas according to their degree of influence on each period. By revealing concealed patterns in the altimetry data, this technique can provide insights to understand the impacts of global warming and local climate changes on sea level fluctuations in the Caspian Sea. We hope that our study can facilitate subsequent interdisciplinary research on the intricate interplay between climate change and hydrological processes in inland water bodies.
{"title":"Uncovering sea level patterns in Caspian Sea altimetry data","authors":"Alireza A. Ardalan, Asiyeh Hashemifaraz","doi":"10.2166/wcc.2024.088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2024.088","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study introduces a technique to uncover concealed patterns in satellite altimetry data, reflecting sea level variations in inland water bodies. We applied the methodology to the Caspian Sea, using altimetry data from four satellite missions over 27 years (1993–2020): TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason1, Jason2, and Jason3. The approach involves two steps: estimating sea level trends and identifying breakpoints that indicate trend shifts; and leveraging time lags between breakpoints at various locations to classify water drainage areas according to their degree of influence on each period. By revealing concealed patterns in the altimetry data, this technique can provide insights to understand the impacts of global warming and local climate changes on sea level fluctuations in the Caspian Sea. We hope that our study can facilitate subsequent interdisciplinary research on the intricate interplay between climate change and hydrological processes in inland water bodies.","PeriodicalId":49150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Climate Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141104347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mengjia Yuan, Guojing Gan, Jingyi Bu, Yanxin Su, Hongyu Ma, Xianghe Liu, Yanchun Gao
To better understand the discrepancies in evapotranspiration (ET) simulations between ET models, we intercompared four models in China: Priestley–Taylor Jet Propulsion Laboratory (PT-JPL), Penman–Montieth–Leuning Version 2 (PML-V2), Sigmoid Generalized Complementary Function (SGCF), Mapping Evapotranspiration at High Resolution with Internalized Calibration (METRIC). Data from 18 flux sites were used to evaluate the model performance at daytime (when incident shortwave radiation is greater than 20 W/m2) scales. To compare more fairly, we took the intersection of the outputs from four models for the analyses in the main text. All models yielded acceptable results, with PML-V2 or SGCF performing best at most sites. The average coefficient of determination and root mean square error among all sites of LE (latent heat of ET) were 0.72 and 51.71 W/m2 for PT-JPL, 0.80 and 46.65 W/m2 for PML-V2, 0.79 and 41.13 W/m2 for SGCF, 0.70 and 51.09 W/m2 for METRIC. PT-JPL and PML-V2 underestimated ET at most sites, whereas SGCF overestimated, potentially due to uncertainties in the vegetation indices and ET constraint parameters. Compared to measurements, PT-JPL underestimated the proportion of transpiration to evapotranspiration (0.81 versus 0.59), while PML-V2 overestimated (0.81 versus 0.90). Furthermore, all models performed best in the semi-arid zone dominated by grassland sites.
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of four actual evapotranspiration models over different ecosystems and climate zones in China","authors":"Mengjia Yuan, Guojing Gan, Jingyi Bu, Yanxin Su, Hongyu Ma, Xianghe Liu, Yanchun Gao","doi":"10.2166/wcc.2024.724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2024.724","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 To better understand the discrepancies in evapotranspiration (ET) simulations between ET models, we intercompared four models in China: Priestley–Taylor Jet Propulsion Laboratory (PT-JPL), Penman–Montieth–Leuning Version 2 (PML-V2), Sigmoid Generalized Complementary Function (SGCF), Mapping Evapotranspiration at High Resolution with Internalized Calibration (METRIC). Data from 18 flux sites were used to evaluate the model performance at daytime (when incident shortwave radiation is greater than 20 W/m2) scales. To compare more fairly, we took the intersection of the outputs from four models for the analyses in the main text. All models yielded acceptable results, with PML-V2 or SGCF performing best at most sites. The average coefficient of determination and root mean square error among all sites of LE (latent heat of ET) were 0.72 and 51.71 W/m2 for PT-JPL, 0.80 and 46.65 W/m2 for PML-V2, 0.79 and 41.13 W/m2 for SGCF, 0.70 and 51.09 W/m2 for METRIC. PT-JPL and PML-V2 underestimated ET at most sites, whereas SGCF overestimated, potentially due to uncertainties in the vegetation indices and ET constraint parameters. Compared to measurements, PT-JPL underestimated the proportion of transpiration to evapotranspiration (0.81 versus 0.59), while PML-V2 overestimated (0.81 versus 0.90). Furthermore, all models performed best in the semi-arid zone dominated by grassland sites.","PeriodicalId":49150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Climate Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141105799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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