Somaye Imani, Mohammad Hossein Niksokhan, Majid Delavar, Reza Safari Shali
Abstract Climate change has challenged water allocation strategies for food production, particularly in water-scarce areas. This fact calls for re-evaluating water allocation in basins with dominant agricultural activities. This study develops a framework, combining the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and water footprint (WF), to primarily evaluate water resource sustainability under climate change and improve its indices by just water reallocation (RA). The Karkheh River Basin, located in Iran, was chosen as a study area for verification. Here, the impacts of climate change on WF sustainability and food security were evaluated based on six main crops. Deficit irrigation (DI) was referred to as a farm strategy to simultaneously promote basin sustainability, maintain food security, and save water. DI was distributed according to the equality of resources, proposed by Ronald Dworkin, as a just allocation principle. It means that water for irrigation would be distributed based on an equal water ratio per hectare area. Results showed that the basin is currently unsustainable regarding the groundwater (BkWS) and blue water footprints (BuWS). According to the climate scenario of SSP5-8.5, the BuWS of the basin increases from 1.12 to 1.22 (9%), its BkWS increases from 2 to 2.15 (7.5%), while GnWS remains relatively constant at 0.99 <1. By Dworkin's principle, DI caused 21–48% reduction in water allocation among five provinces. RA improved the BuWS, GnWS, and BkWS of the whole basin to 0.99, 0.95, and 1.67 and ensured environmental flow. Climate change reduces 3.5% of overall food production, with an extra 9% by RA. However, these reductions would not significantly endanger food security.
{"title":"Water allocation sustainability assessment in climate change: a modeling approach using water footprint and just policy","authors":"Somaye Imani, Mohammad Hossein Niksokhan, Majid Delavar, Reza Safari Shali","doi":"10.2166/wcc.2023.534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2023.534","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Climate change has challenged water allocation strategies for food production, particularly in water-scarce areas. This fact calls for re-evaluating water allocation in basins with dominant agricultural activities. This study develops a framework, combining the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and water footprint (WF), to primarily evaluate water resource sustainability under climate change and improve its indices by just water reallocation (RA). The Karkheh River Basin, located in Iran, was chosen as a study area for verification. Here, the impacts of climate change on WF sustainability and food security were evaluated based on six main crops. Deficit irrigation (DI) was referred to as a farm strategy to simultaneously promote basin sustainability, maintain food security, and save water. DI was distributed according to the equality of resources, proposed by Ronald Dworkin, as a just allocation principle. It means that water for irrigation would be distributed based on an equal water ratio per hectare area. Results showed that the basin is currently unsustainable regarding the groundwater (BkWS) and blue water footprints (BuWS). According to the climate scenario of SSP5-8.5, the BuWS of the basin increases from 1.12 to 1.22 (9%), its BkWS increases from 2 to 2.15 (7.5%), while GnWS remains relatively constant at 0.99 &lt;1. By Dworkin's principle, DI caused 21–48% reduction in water allocation among five provinces. RA improved the BuWS, GnWS, and BkWS of the whole basin to 0.99, 0.95, and 1.67 and ensured environmental flow. Climate change reduces 3.5% of overall food production, with an extra 9% by RA. However, these reductions would not significantly endanger food security.","PeriodicalId":49150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Climate Change","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136232196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The increasing population, deforestation and conversion of agricultural land to the built-up areas are putting pressure on land resources. Moreover, among land degradation, soil loss is one of the common issues that has posed adverse consequences to natural ecosystems thus affecting livelihood. The Panjkora River Basin is selected as the study area due to its very fragile soil and having shown regular soil loss activity. In the study area, the scientific communities are consistently insisting to monitor the LULC changes and explore the extent of soil loss. To achieve the stated objectives, the RUSLE approach was applied to generate maps of soil loss for the years 1990, 2005 and 2020. The analysis revealed that during the past three decades (1990–2020), the built-up areas have been increased by 20%. Contrary to this, a decrease of 3% in barren land, 2% in area under water, 3% in snow cover and 13% in area under vegetation have been recorded. The analysis further revealed that the maximum actual annual soil loss consistently increased from 5,195 tons/ha/year in 1990 to 6,247 tons/ha/year in 2005 and 8,297 tons/ha/year in 2020. This research implies that geospatial technologies are effective tools for modeling the erosion of soil.
{"title":"Nexus of land use land cover dynamics and extent of soil loss in the Panjkora River Basin of eastern Hindu Kush","authors":"Haseeb Ur Rahman, Muhammad Shakir","doi":"10.2166/wcc.2023.353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2023.353","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The increasing population, deforestation and conversion of agricultural land to the built-up areas are putting pressure on land resources. Moreover, among land degradation, soil loss is one of the common issues that has posed adverse consequences to natural ecosystems thus affecting livelihood. The Panjkora River Basin is selected as the study area due to its very fragile soil and having shown regular soil loss activity. In the study area, the scientific communities are consistently insisting to monitor the LULC changes and explore the extent of soil loss. To achieve the stated objectives, the RUSLE approach was applied to generate maps of soil loss for the years 1990, 2005 and 2020. The analysis revealed that during the past three decades (1990–2020), the built-up areas have been increased by 20%. Contrary to this, a decrease of 3% in barren land, 2% in area under water, 3% in snow cover and 13% in area under vegetation have been recorded. The analysis further revealed that the maximum actual annual soil loss consistently increased from 5,195 tons/ha/year in 1990 to 6,247 tons/ha/year in 2005 and 8,297 tons/ha/year in 2020. This research implies that geospatial technologies are effective tools for modeling the erosion of soil.","PeriodicalId":49150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Climate Change","volume":"26 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136232338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gift Raphael Mollel, Deogratias M. M. Mulungu, Joel Nobert, Augustina C. Alexander
Abstract Climate change is anticipated to have long-term effects on hydrological processes and patterns that lead to water stress in agroecological catchments. Climate change escalates water scarcity in the Usangu catchment, evidenced by the drying up of rivers during the dry season. Therefore, this study was undertaken to assess climate change impacts on hydrology by utilizing the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and an ensemble mean of five Global Circulation Models (GCMs) under two shared socio-economic pathway (SSP) emission scenarios. Downscaling of GCMs was performed by the LARS-WG statistical downscaling tool. In comparison to the baseline period, short rain intervals are expected to occur between 2030 and 2060, with a mean annual precipitation increase of 7 and 17% in SSP 2–4.5 and SSP 5–8.5, respectively. Maximum and minimum temperatures are expected to rise by 0.6–2 °C. Corresponding to future temperature increases, evapotranspiration would increase to about 30% and decrease water yield and groundwater recharge by 7 and 26% in SSP 2–4.5 than in SSP 5–8.5. However, the effect of precipitation increase is shown by increased surface runoff and streamflow during wetter months. These findings provide watershed managers with crucial information for planning and managing the catchment in light of a changing climate.
{"title":"Assessment of climate change impacts on hydrological processes in the Usangu catchment of Tanzania under CMIP6 scenarios","authors":"Gift Raphael Mollel, Deogratias M. M. Mulungu, Joel Nobert, Augustina C. Alexander","doi":"10.2166/wcc.2023.542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2023.542","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Climate change is anticipated to have long-term effects on hydrological processes and patterns that lead to water stress in agroecological catchments. Climate change escalates water scarcity in the Usangu catchment, evidenced by the drying up of rivers during the dry season. Therefore, this study was undertaken to assess climate change impacts on hydrology by utilizing the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and an ensemble mean of five Global Circulation Models (GCMs) under two shared socio-economic pathway (SSP) emission scenarios. Downscaling of GCMs was performed by the LARS-WG statistical downscaling tool. In comparison to the baseline period, short rain intervals are expected to occur between 2030 and 2060, with a mean annual precipitation increase of 7 and 17% in SSP 2–4.5 and SSP 5–8.5, respectively. Maximum and minimum temperatures are expected to rise by 0.6–2 °C. Corresponding to future temperature increases, evapotranspiration would increase to about 30% and decrease water yield and groundwater recharge by 7 and 26% in SSP 2–4.5 than in SSP 5–8.5. However, the effect of precipitation increase is shown by increased surface runoff and streamflow during wetter months. These findings provide watershed managers with crucial information for planning and managing the catchment in light of a changing climate.","PeriodicalId":49150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Climate Change","volume":"19 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134909402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenyu Wu, Xuehua Zhao, Xueyou Zhang, Liushan Yao, Xin Liu
Abstract Uncertainties arising from extreme climate events and human activities pose a challenge to the efficient allocation of water resources. In this study, a type-2 fuzzy chance-constrained linear fractional programming (T2F-CCLFP) is developed to support the water resource management system under uncertainty by incorporating type-2 fuzzy sets, chance-constrained programming, and fractional programming into a comprehensive multi-objective optimization framework. The model enables the trade-off between economic, social, and environmental sustainability and provides water supply solutions associated with different levels of fuzzy uncertainty and risk of violating constraints. The T2F-CCLFP model is applied to Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China, to support its water resource management. Results reveal that (i) the industrial structure is transitioning toward diverse industries from energy and heavy industry dominance; (ii) external water transfer will be the major water-supply sources for the city in the future, accounting for 55 and 50% of the total water supply in 2025 and 2030, respectively; (iii) the water-supply security of the city is enhanced by provoking the utilization of reclaimed water (the annual growth rate is 13.9%). The results are helpful for managers in adjusting the current industry structure, enhancing water supply security, and contributing to the sustainable development of socio-economic and water systems.
{"title":"Type-2 fuzzy chance-constrained linear fractional programming model for a water resource management system: a case study of Taiyuan city, China","authors":"Wenyu Wu, Xuehua Zhao, Xueyou Zhang, Liushan Yao, Xin Liu","doi":"10.2166/wcc.2023.319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2023.319","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Uncertainties arising from extreme climate events and human activities pose a challenge to the efficient allocation of water resources. In this study, a type-2 fuzzy chance-constrained linear fractional programming (T2F-CCLFP) is developed to support the water resource management system under uncertainty by incorporating type-2 fuzzy sets, chance-constrained programming, and fractional programming into a comprehensive multi-objective optimization framework. The model enables the trade-off between economic, social, and environmental sustainability and provides water supply solutions associated with different levels of fuzzy uncertainty and risk of violating constraints. The T2F-CCLFP model is applied to Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China, to support its water resource management. Results reveal that (i) the industrial structure is transitioning toward diverse industries from energy and heavy industry dominance; (ii) external water transfer will be the major water-supply sources for the city in the future, accounting for 55 and 50% of the total water supply in 2025 and 2030, respectively; (iii) the water-supply security of the city is enhanced by provoking the utilization of reclaimed water (the annual growth rate is 13.9%). The results are helpful for managers in adjusting the current industry structure, enhancing water supply security, and contributing to the sustainable development of socio-economic and water systems.","PeriodicalId":49150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Climate Change","volume":"8 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135217703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Farzad Jalaeifar, Amin Sarang, Asghar Abdoli, Mohammad Hosein Niksokhan
Abstract Urbanization and climate change are two potent forces shaping the contemporary environment. Urban rivers, integral to city life, are profoundly affected by these dynamics. While restoration efforts have yielded promising results, a persistent challenge lies in the inadequate consideration of geomorphic processes and climate change impacts in restoration planning. This study addresses this critical gap by proposing a novel approach for designing stable urban river geometries in ungauged basins. Leveraging the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) method in conjunction with General Circulation Model (GCM) data, our research focuses on determining design discharge and channel stability. Our principal finding, based on the incorporation of parameters related to precipitation, runoff, and effective discharge, indicates a projected 35% increase in the width of stable urban rivers in the future. These results underscore the urgency of integrating climate change considerations into urban river restoration initiatives. Neglecting this imperative aspect risks the failure of restoration projects, particularly in addressing geomorphic challenges intensified by climate change. This research offers a valuable framework for future restoration efforts, ultimately contributing to the resilience and sustainability of urban river ecosystems.
{"title":"Enhancing climate-resilient urban river restoration: predictive modeling of geomorphic changes","authors":"Farzad Jalaeifar, Amin Sarang, Asghar Abdoli, Mohammad Hosein Niksokhan","doi":"10.2166/wcc.2023.233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2023.233","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Urbanization and climate change are two potent forces shaping the contemporary environment. Urban rivers, integral to city life, are profoundly affected by these dynamics. While restoration efforts have yielded promising results, a persistent challenge lies in the inadequate consideration of geomorphic processes and climate change impacts in restoration planning. This study addresses this critical gap by proposing a novel approach for designing stable urban river geometries in ungauged basins. Leveraging the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) method in conjunction with General Circulation Model (GCM) data, our research focuses on determining design discharge and channel stability. Our principal finding, based on the incorporation of parameters related to precipitation, runoff, and effective discharge, indicates a projected 35% increase in the width of stable urban rivers in the future. These results underscore the urgency of integrating climate change considerations into urban river restoration initiatives. Neglecting this imperative aspect risks the failure of restoration projects, particularly in addressing geomorphic challenges intensified by climate change. This research offers a valuable framework for future restoration efforts, ultimately contributing to the resilience and sustainability of urban river ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":49150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Climate Change","volume":"55 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135316269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huimin Li, Shaowei Ning, Yuliang Zhou, Chengguo Wu, Yi Cui, Juliang Jin, Xiaoyan Xu, A. Rong, Yang Cheng
Abstract This study focuses on the ecological and environmental safety of Ta-pieh Mountain. Drought episodes can lead to ecological problems such as vegetation damage. Therefore, quantifying the response of vegetation to drought is essential for ecological management. The study utilized normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and precipitation datasets from 1999 to 2019 to derive seasonal NDVI and standardized precipitation index (SPI) data. Using Theil-Sen median trend analysis and Mann-Kendall significance test analysis, we initially examined the characteristics of vegetation and drought for the 21-year time series. SPI is used to investigate and assess the occurrence and severity of drought in the research region. Then, the strength and variability of cropland, woodland, and grassland drought resistance in the Ta-pieh Mountains were discussed using the ratio of coefficient of variation (RCV). Finally, the cross-spectrum was used to calculate the vegetation lag time to drought. The study found that NDVI increased across all seasons, while SPI increased in spring and autumn and decreased in summer and winter. The spring drought had the most significant impact on vegetation. Cropland showed the highest improvement in drought tolerance and woodland showed the highest drought tolerance. The lagged response periods of cropland, woodlands, and grassland to drought were 1.62 months, 8.94 months, and 2.49 months, respectively. These findings provide a scientific basis for the management and preservation of the ecology of the Ta-pieh Mountains.
{"title":"Spatial and temporal analysis of drought resistance of different vegetation in the Ta-pieh Mountains based on multi-source data","authors":"Huimin Li, Shaowei Ning, Yuliang Zhou, Chengguo Wu, Yi Cui, Juliang Jin, Xiaoyan Xu, A. Rong, Yang Cheng","doi":"10.2166/wcc.2023.584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2023.584","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study focuses on the ecological and environmental safety of Ta-pieh Mountain. Drought episodes can lead to ecological problems such as vegetation damage. Therefore, quantifying the response of vegetation to drought is essential for ecological management. The study utilized normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and precipitation datasets from 1999 to 2019 to derive seasonal NDVI and standardized precipitation index (SPI) data. Using Theil-Sen median trend analysis and Mann-Kendall significance test analysis, we initially examined the characteristics of vegetation and drought for the 21-year time series. SPI is used to investigate and assess the occurrence and severity of drought in the research region. Then, the strength and variability of cropland, woodland, and grassland drought resistance in the Ta-pieh Mountains were discussed using the ratio of coefficient of variation (RCV). Finally, the cross-spectrum was used to calculate the vegetation lag time to drought. The study found that NDVI increased across all seasons, while SPI increased in spring and autumn and decreased in summer and winter. The spring drought had the most significant impact on vegetation. Cropland showed the highest improvement in drought tolerance and woodland showed the highest drought tolerance. The lagged response periods of cropland, woodlands, and grassland to drought were 1.62 months, 8.94 months, and 2.49 months, respectively. These findings provide a scientific basis for the management and preservation of the ecology of the Ta-pieh Mountains.","PeriodicalId":49150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Climate Change","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135315750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Climate change associated with anthropogenic stressors is considered the main threat to these wetlands resulting in reduced water connection followed by a decline in ecological functions. This article presents a systemic approach to assess the present ecological status of a subtropical floodplain wetland concerning the fisheries and associated ecosystem services. The analysis of historic climatic data indicated a weak increasing (R2 = 0.098) and decreasing (R2 = 0.042) trend in average annual air temperature and total annual rainfall, respectively. In addition, a significant reduction in the wetland area was also observed. Altogether, 45 fish species were reported in the studied wetland, of which 2 are listed as endangered and 7 are near threatened. Fish production increased from 2010 to 2020 as a result of culture-based fisheries practice. The present study demonstrated the variation of the important fisheries-related environment and nutrient parameters of the wetland through the geographic information system (GIS)-based spatial distribution map for the reader's digest. It has been found that the provisioning ecosystem services are higher in number (n = 9) followed by supporting (n = 6), regulating (n = 4), and cultural (n = 2) ecosystem services. Finally, we have discussed some important case-specific sustainable climate-smart adaptation and mitigation approaches to strengthen the resilience and adaptive capacity of fishers.
{"title":"Ecological assessment of a subtropical floodplain wetland of the Ganga basin in the context of changing climate using GIS tools","authors":"Bandana Das Ghosh, Sanjeet Debnath, Uttam Kumar Sarkar, Basanta Kumar Das, Mishal Puthiyottil, Canciyal Johnson, Gunjan Karnatak","doi":"10.2166/wcc.2023.410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2023.410","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Climate change associated with anthropogenic stressors is considered the main threat to these wetlands resulting in reduced water connection followed by a decline in ecological functions. This article presents a systemic approach to assess the present ecological status of a subtropical floodplain wetland concerning the fisheries and associated ecosystem services. The analysis of historic climatic data indicated a weak increasing (R2 = 0.098) and decreasing (R2 = 0.042) trend in average annual air temperature and total annual rainfall, respectively. In addition, a significant reduction in the wetland area was also observed. Altogether, 45 fish species were reported in the studied wetland, of which 2 are listed as endangered and 7 are near threatened. Fish production increased from 2010 to 2020 as a result of culture-based fisheries practice. The present study demonstrated the variation of the important fisheries-related environment and nutrient parameters of the wetland through the geographic information system (GIS)-based spatial distribution map for the reader's digest. It has been found that the provisioning ecosystem services are higher in number (n = 9) followed by supporting (n = 6), regulating (n = 4), and cultural (n = 2) ecosystem services. Finally, we have discussed some important case-specific sustainable climate-smart adaptation and mitigation approaches to strengthen the resilience and adaptive capacity of fishers.","PeriodicalId":49150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Climate Change","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135567562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The variability and distribution of rainfall are uniquely significant for climatic risk prediction. This study aims to assess spatiotemporal rainfall variability and flash flood intensity events in the Sylhet haor region of Bangladesh by analyzing rainfall data from April for the period 1995–2022. For this, we used both Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS) data and Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) daily rainfall data. Rainfall patterns were studied using zonal statistics in ArcGIS and graphical illustration. The results revealed that the rainfall pattern was erratic and showed a range of spatiotemporal variability. If the average rainfall exceeds 250 mm in Meghalaya and Assam and 400 mm in Sylhet, severe flash floods may occur in the Sylhet haor region. An increase in pre-monsoon rainfall and its shift from May to April may increase the intensity of flash floods and consequently damage the rice crop. This finding might help flood management agencies to develop flood management strategies, prepare flood contingency plans, provide real-time and advanced warnings to strengthen flood warning and forecasting systems, and schedule seasonal agricultural activities.
{"title":"Spatiotemporal rainfall variability and its relationship to flash flood risk in Northeastern Sylhet Haor of Bangladesh","authors":"Nurunnaher Akter, Md. Rafiqul Islam, Md. Abdul Karim, Md. Giashuddin Miah, Md. Mizanur Rahman","doi":"10.2166/wcc.2023.165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2023.165","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The variability and distribution of rainfall are uniquely significant for climatic risk prediction. This study aims to assess spatiotemporal rainfall variability and flash flood intensity events in the Sylhet haor region of Bangladesh by analyzing rainfall data from April for the period 1995–2022. For this, we used both Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS) data and Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) daily rainfall data. Rainfall patterns were studied using zonal statistics in ArcGIS and graphical illustration. The results revealed that the rainfall pattern was erratic and showed a range of spatiotemporal variability. If the average rainfall exceeds 250 mm in Meghalaya and Assam and 400 mm in Sylhet, severe flash floods may occur in the Sylhet haor region. An increase in pre-monsoon rainfall and its shift from May to April may increase the intensity of flash floods and consequently damage the rice crop. This finding might help flood management agencies to develop flood management strategies, prepare flood contingency plans, provide real-time and advanced warnings to strengthen flood warning and forecasting systems, and schedule seasonal agricultural activities.","PeriodicalId":49150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Climate Change","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chuang Liu, Jiahong Liu, Xiangyi Ding, Weiwei Shao, Xin Su
Abstract Urban water dissipation is a significant part of the urban hydrologic cycle and has a typical natural–social dualistic attribute. Besides natural evaporation, the water dissipation in people's daily life and production process cannot be ignored. This study developed an urban water dissipation model based on different land uses and applied it in urban-built areas in Beijing. The results showed that the water dissipation of buildings and green spaces occupied the dominant position, and the water dissipation intensity of each district exceeded 500 mm, among which the six core districts were 700–1,100 mm. Comparing the water dissipation contribution rate and area rate of each underlying surface, it showed that the water dissipation intensity from strong to weak was building, water surface, green spaces, and hardened ground. According to the dualistic analysis of urban water dissipation, the contribution rates of social water dissipation in the six core districts were 45.3–69.1%, which was higher than the 17.8–36.1% of other suburbs obviously. This study reflected that the higher the degree of regional urbanization, the greater the water dissipation intensity, and artificial water dissipation was the main influencing factor.
{"title":"Analysis of urban water dissipation characteristics considering anthropogenic impacts: a case study in Beijing","authors":"Chuang Liu, Jiahong Liu, Xiangyi Ding, Weiwei Shao, Xin Su","doi":"10.2166/wcc.2023.195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2023.195","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Urban water dissipation is a significant part of the urban hydrologic cycle and has a typical natural–social dualistic attribute. Besides natural evaporation, the water dissipation in people's daily life and production process cannot be ignored. This study developed an urban water dissipation model based on different land uses and applied it in urban-built areas in Beijing. The results showed that the water dissipation of buildings and green spaces occupied the dominant position, and the water dissipation intensity of each district exceeded 500 mm, among which the six core districts were 700–1,100 mm. Comparing the water dissipation contribution rate and area rate of each underlying surface, it showed that the water dissipation intensity from strong to weak was building, water surface, green spaces, and hardened ground. According to the dualistic analysis of urban water dissipation, the contribution rates of social water dissipation in the six core districts were 45.3–69.1%, which was higher than the 17.8–36.1% of other suburbs obviously. This study reflected that the higher the degree of regional urbanization, the greater the water dissipation intensity, and artificial water dissipation was the main influencing factor.","PeriodicalId":49150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Climate Change","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136032492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Groundwater pollution is now a significant threat to the ecosystem. The untreated disposal of municipal and industrial wastes through drains into water bodies (rivers, lakes, and canals) is the primary source of contamination. The highly contaminated water harms individual health. In this study, total dissolved solids (TDS) and Arsenic (As) mobilization were explored depthwise from a drilled borehole at main Raiwind Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, near River Ravi, Lahore. The concentrations of TDS and As in the aquifer indicate that the top shallow aquifer bearing high salts occurred due to local inputs of waste effluents discharged into the River Ravi. In contrast, at deep shallow aquifers, enrichment of As with elevated pH results from the geochemical oxidative dissolution process. The results showed that natural and anthropogenic activities influence groundwater throughout the depth. The TDS and As concentrations were found above the World Health Organisation (WHO) guideline values at some depth intervals, which are harmful to human health.
{"title":"Depthwise evaluation of total dissolved solids and arsenic from a drilled borehole near River Ravi, Lahore, Pakistan","authors":"Habib Ur Rehman, Mujeeb Ur Rahman, Saeed Ahmed","doi":"10.2166/wcc.2023.170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2023.170","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Groundwater pollution is now a significant threat to the ecosystem. The untreated disposal of municipal and industrial wastes through drains into water bodies (rivers, lakes, and canals) is the primary source of contamination. The highly contaminated water harms individual health. In this study, total dissolved solids (TDS) and Arsenic (As) mobilization were explored depthwise from a drilled borehole at main Raiwind Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, near River Ravi, Lahore. The concentrations of TDS and As in the aquifer indicate that the top shallow aquifer bearing high salts occurred due to local inputs of waste effluents discharged into the River Ravi. In contrast, at deep shallow aquifers, enrichment of As with elevated pH results from the geochemical oxidative dissolution process. The results showed that natural and anthropogenic activities influence groundwater throughout the depth. The TDS and As concentrations were found above the World Health Organisation (WHO) guideline values at some depth intervals, which are harmful to human health.","PeriodicalId":49150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Climate Change","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136098309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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