Pub Date : 2022-10-29DOI: 10.1080/19401493.2022.2137236
Kevin Cant, R. Evins
Deep energy retrofits of buildings are crucial to meeting climate targets and depend on calibrated energy models for investor confidence. Bayesian inference can improve the rigour in standard practice and improve confidence in calibrated energy models. Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) methods using neural networks present an opportunity to calibrate energy models while inherently accounting for parameter uncertainty, and face less computational burden than the current standard process for Bayesian calibration. A case study for a large, complex building is presented to demonstrate the applicability of ABC and parameter sensitivity screening is found to result in over-confidence in the resulting inference by between 14% and 85%. Finally, the presentation of posterior distributions as independent distributions may be misleading, which can misattribute the true likelihood of parameters. Highlights Implementation of an Approximate Bayesian Computation method incorporating the Sequential Monte Carlo algorithm with a neural network surrogate model. A comparison of Bayesian inference with standard practice. An investigation of sensitivity screening for parameter selection on the inference results. Application to a complex multi-zone dynamic energy model of a large retail building.
{"title":"Improved calibration of building models using approximate Bayesian calibration and neural networks","authors":"Kevin Cant, R. Evins","doi":"10.1080/19401493.2022.2137236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2022.2137236","url":null,"abstract":"Deep energy retrofits of buildings are crucial to meeting climate targets and depend on calibrated energy models for investor confidence. Bayesian inference can improve the rigour in standard practice and improve confidence in calibrated energy models. Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) methods using neural networks present an opportunity to calibrate energy models while inherently accounting for parameter uncertainty, and face less computational burden than the current standard process for Bayesian calibration. A case study for a large, complex building is presented to demonstrate the applicability of ABC and parameter sensitivity screening is found to result in over-confidence in the resulting inference by between 14% and 85%. Finally, the presentation of posterior distributions as independent distributions may be misleading, which can misattribute the true likelihood of parameters. Highlights Implementation of an Approximate Bayesian Computation method incorporating the Sequential Monte Carlo algorithm with a neural network surrogate model. A comparison of Bayesian inference with standard practice. An investigation of sensitivity screening for parameter selection on the inference results. Application to a complex multi-zone dynamic energy model of a large retail building.","PeriodicalId":49168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Performance Simulation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77532353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-28DOI: 10.1080/19401493.2022.2138548
D. Heim, T. Kułakowski
A new model for predicting the thermal performance of a thin layer of phase change material enclosed in a multilayer structure has been developed, verified, and validated. Numerical verification includes heat transfer and solar radiation processes, while only heat transfer was considered for experimental validation. The model considers thermo-optical properties of the PCM layer using a Moving Mushy Volume Approach. The basic assumption of the proposed approach is to divide the PCM domain into sub-volumes and determine their physical state separately, which allows varying the parameters in time. Each sublayer can be in a solid, liquid, or semi-transient state (mushy) where the level of latent heat and the solid–liquid ratio is determined by a dimensionless temperature-dependent melting function. Hence, it is appropriate for use in whole-building simulation programs, where it can be applied to more precise determination of heat transfer within a transparent PCM structure.
{"title":"Thermal model of heat transfer in a PCM multilayer construction using Moving Mushy Volume Approach – verification, validation and sensitivity analysis","authors":"D. Heim, T. Kułakowski","doi":"10.1080/19401493.2022.2138548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2022.2138548","url":null,"abstract":"A new model for predicting the thermal performance of a thin layer of phase change material enclosed in a multilayer structure has been developed, verified, and validated. Numerical verification includes heat transfer and solar radiation processes, while only heat transfer was considered for experimental validation. The model considers thermo-optical properties of the PCM layer using a Moving Mushy Volume Approach. The basic assumption of the proposed approach is to divide the PCM domain into sub-volumes and determine their physical state separately, which allows varying the parameters in time. Each sublayer can be in a solid, liquid, or semi-transient state (mushy) where the level of latent heat and the solid–liquid ratio is determined by a dimensionless temperature-dependent melting function. Hence, it is appropriate for use in whole-building simulation programs, where it can be applied to more precise determination of heat transfer within a transparent PCM structure.","PeriodicalId":49168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Performance Simulation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83297478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-28DOI: 10.1080/19401493.2022.2134460
H. M. Khan, G. F. Lane-Serff, J. Dewsbury
The courtyard is an architectural element found in hot arid regions due to its thermal performance that gives it cooler temperatures than the outside resulting from shading and night cooling. Previous papers focus only on either shading or ventilation and never together. This paper employs CFD techniques to simulate heat transfer in the courtyard. The results are presented through time constants showing the response of the thermal mass of the building containing the courtyard toward solar radiation and night cooling and the effect of both being combined in a factor called the Night-Time Effectiveness Ratio (NTER). The research includes simulation for different courtyard sizes and other building elements around the courtyard, like galleries. The results show the importance of the courtyard’s width in changing the performance of night ventilation. Adding extra shading elements such as galleries can enhance thermal performance by 30–60%.
{"title":"Optimizing the design of courtyard houses for passive cooling in hot, dry regions","authors":"H. M. Khan, G. F. Lane-Serff, J. Dewsbury","doi":"10.1080/19401493.2022.2134460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2022.2134460","url":null,"abstract":"The courtyard is an architectural element found in hot arid regions due to its thermal performance that gives it cooler temperatures than the outside resulting from shading and night cooling. Previous papers focus only on either shading or ventilation and never together. This paper employs CFD techniques to simulate heat transfer in the courtyard. The results are presented through time constants showing the response of the thermal mass of the building containing the courtyard toward solar radiation and night cooling and the effect of both being combined in a factor called the Night-Time Effectiveness Ratio (NTER). The research includes simulation for different courtyard sizes and other building elements around the courtyard, like galleries. The results show the importance of the courtyard’s width in changing the performance of night ventilation. Adding extra shading elements such as galleries can enhance thermal performance by 30–60%.","PeriodicalId":49168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Performance Simulation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74781561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-13DOI: 10.1080/19401493.2022.2126527
S. Gasparin, J. Berger, R. Belarbi, D. Dutykh, N. Mendes
In this paper, the spectral method is developed as a reduced-order model for the solution of parametric problems within the building refurbishment framework. We propose to use the spectral reduced-order method to solve parametric problems in an innovative way, integrating the unknown parameter as one of the coordinates of the decomposition. The residual is minimized combining the Tau–Galerkin method with the Collocation approach. The developed method is evaluated in terms of accuracy and reduction of the computational time in three different cases. The dynamic behaviour of unidimensional moisture diffusion is investigated. The cases focus on solving parametric problems in which the solution depends on space, time, diffusivity and material thickness. Results highlight that the parametric spectral reduced-order method provides accurate solutions and can reduce 10 times the degree of freedom of the solution. It allows efficient computation of the physical phenomena with a lower error when compared to traditional approaches.
{"title":"Solving parametric problems in building renovation with a spectral reduced-order method","authors":"S. Gasparin, J. Berger, R. Belarbi, D. Dutykh, N. Mendes","doi":"10.1080/19401493.2022.2126527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2022.2126527","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the spectral method is developed as a reduced-order model for the solution of parametric problems within the building refurbishment framework. We propose to use the spectral reduced-order method to solve parametric problems in an innovative way, integrating the unknown parameter as one of the coordinates of the decomposition. The residual is minimized combining the Tau–Galerkin method with the Collocation approach. The developed method is evaluated in terms of accuracy and reduction of the computational time in three different cases. The dynamic behaviour of unidimensional moisture diffusion is investigated. The cases focus on solving parametric problems in which the solution depends on space, time, diffusivity and material thickness. Results highlight that the parametric spectral reduced-order method provides accurate solutions and can reduce 10 times the degree of freedom of the solution. It allows efficient computation of the physical phenomena with a lower error when compared to traditional approaches.","PeriodicalId":49168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Performance Simulation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90061480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-26DOI: 10.1080/19401493.2022.2126011
Xiuying Yan, Guangyu Liu, Boyan Zhang, Kaixing Fan, Jun Yu Li, Yifan Du
ABSTRACT Sensor faults have been observed to negatively impact the operation of the HVAC system. Among these faults is the complexity of multi-source sensor faults, which may result in fault confusion due to multiple fault points and different fault patterns. This paper proposes a fault diagnosis model applicable to single- and multi-source faults of HVAC system sensors. Based on the distribution patterns of chillers sensor data, the ensemble empirical mode decomposition soft threshold denoising Gaussian mixture model (EEMDSTD-GMM) is proposed. The study suggests a K-means-based pre-classification method for potentially confusing types of sensor faults. EEMDSTD-GMM-K-means has shown a better fault diagnosis capability under four single-source sensor faults and five multi-source sensor faults. Under the three examined fault levels, the results indicate a satisfactory performance with an average diagnosis rate of 98.7% for single-source faults and 96.5% for multi-source faults.
{"title":"A hybrid clustering multi-source fault diagnosis method for chiller temperature sensors","authors":"Xiuying Yan, Guangyu Liu, Boyan Zhang, Kaixing Fan, Jun Yu Li, Yifan Du","doi":"10.1080/19401493.2022.2126011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2022.2126011","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sensor faults have been observed to negatively impact the operation of the HVAC system. Among these faults is the complexity of multi-source sensor faults, which may result in fault confusion due to multiple fault points and different fault patterns. This paper proposes a fault diagnosis model applicable to single- and multi-source faults of HVAC system sensors. Based on the distribution patterns of chillers sensor data, the ensemble empirical mode decomposition soft threshold denoising Gaussian mixture model (EEMDSTD-GMM) is proposed. The study suggests a K-means-based pre-classification method for potentially confusing types of sensor faults. EEMDSTD-GMM-K-means has shown a better fault diagnosis capability under four single-source sensor faults and five multi-source sensor faults. Under the three examined fault levels, the results indicate a satisfactory performance with an average diagnosis rate of 98.7% for single-source faults and 96.5% for multi-source faults.","PeriodicalId":49168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Performance Simulation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80863171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-26DOI: 10.1080/19401493.2022.2125582
C. Pierson, M. Aarts, M. Andersen
With the growing awareness about ipRGC-influenced light (IIL) responses, design applications related to these responses are flourishing. To compare design options and optimize lighting conditions for building occupants, lighting simulations are typically used. However, as our IIL responses depend on the spectral characteristics of light, spectral simulations are required. The goal of this study is to validate two spectral simulation tools, ALFA and Lark, for the study of indoor spaces in relation to occupants’ IIL responses. Indicators associated with IIL responses derived from ALFA- and Lark-simulated data are compared against indicators derived from data measured under indoor daylighting and electric lighting conditions. The results show that Lark outperforms ALFA in most cases, with a simulation error in the ±20% range for point-in-time indicators. When accounting for time dynamics of light exposure, at least 9% of the daylight exposures simulated for a 6-h period in Lark lead to a significant error.
{"title":"Validation of spectral simulation tools in the context of ipRGC-influenced light responses of building occupants","authors":"C. Pierson, M. Aarts, M. Andersen","doi":"10.1080/19401493.2022.2125582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2022.2125582","url":null,"abstract":"With the growing awareness about ipRGC-influenced light (IIL) responses, design applications related to these responses are flourishing. To compare design options and optimize lighting conditions for building occupants, lighting simulations are typically used. However, as our IIL responses depend on the spectral characteristics of light, spectral simulations are required. The goal of this study is to validate two spectral simulation tools, ALFA and Lark, for the study of indoor spaces in relation to occupants’ IIL responses. Indicators associated with IIL responses derived from ALFA- and Lark-simulated data are compared against indicators derived from data measured under indoor daylighting and electric lighting conditions. The results show that Lark outperforms ALFA in most cases, with a simulation error in the ±20% range for point-in-time indicators. When accounting for time dynamics of light exposure, at least 9% of the daylight exposures simulated for a 6-h period in Lark lead to a significant error.","PeriodicalId":49168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Performance Simulation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77804129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-22DOI: 10.1080/19401493.2022.2125581
Seon-Jung 쇱꽑以 Ra, H. Shin, C. Park
ABSTRACT It is important to control the heating system by following real-time demand, while considering the dynamic changes and non-uniform distributions of indoor environments. This paper presents a model predictive control (MPC) scheme for predicting indoor air temperatures at multiple points in a large factory building that consists of large irregular spaces and heat-generating equipment. Instead of using a full-blown dynamic simulation model (e.g. EnergyPlus), the authors developed a lumped simulation model. This model can accurately predict the temperatures and is, therefore, used for the optimal on/off control of 61 unit heaters installed in the factory building. Based on the MPC, energy savings of 56.3% were realized over three weeks, and the indoor air temperatures were maintained within a comfortable range. It is highlighted in the paper that this MPC approach based on the minimalistic lumped model can accurately predict indoor thermal behaviour and save significant energy.
{"title":"Implementation of real-time model predictive heating control for a factory building using ANN-based lumped modelling approach","authors":"Seon-Jung 쇱꽑以 Ra, H. Shin, C. Park","doi":"10.1080/19401493.2022.2125581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2022.2125581","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT It is important to control the heating system by following real-time demand, while considering the dynamic changes and non-uniform distributions of indoor environments. This paper presents a model predictive control (MPC) scheme for predicting indoor air temperatures at multiple points in a large factory building that consists of large irregular spaces and heat-generating equipment. Instead of using a full-blown dynamic simulation model (e.g. EnergyPlus), the authors developed a lumped simulation model. This model can accurately predict the temperatures and is, therefore, used for the optimal on/off control of 61 unit heaters installed in the factory building. Based on the MPC, energy savings of 56.3% were realized over three weeks, and the indoor air temperatures were maintained within a comfortable range. It is highlighted in the paper that this MPC approach based on the minimalistic lumped model can accurately predict indoor thermal behaviour and save significant energy.","PeriodicalId":49168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Performance Simulation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81237847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-16DOI: 10.1080/19401493.2022.2120631
Ettore Zanetti, Donghun Kim, David H. Blum, R. Scoccia, M. Aprile
There is a gap in literature on comparisons between different MPC optimal control formulations and solver choices for the same building HVAC system. Mixed Integer Nonlinear (MINL) formulations are rarely considered, despite being the most physically accurate way to represent HVAC systems. This work compares several MPC formulations, including Quadratic, Nonlinear, and MINL, applied to a case study building and investigates benefits and challenges of MINL MPCs from practical perspectives. Ten different MPC formulations were developed and implemented using Pyomo. Then, a detailed emulator model was developed using open-source Modelica libraries and used with BOPTEST to assess the performance of each MPC. Results show that convergence and control switching behaviours of MINL MPCs are sensitive to formulations, initialization approaches, solver selections, and solver parameters. Thus, they require significant effort for tuning. However, a very well-tuned MINL MPC performed similarly to successful Nonlinear MPC formulations.
{"title":"Performance comparison of quadratic, nonlinear, and mixed integer nonlinear MPC formulations and solvers on an air source heat pump hydronic floor heating system","authors":"Ettore Zanetti, Donghun Kim, David H. Blum, R. Scoccia, M. Aprile","doi":"10.1080/19401493.2022.2120631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2022.2120631","url":null,"abstract":"There is a gap in literature on comparisons between different MPC optimal control formulations and solver choices for the same building HVAC system. Mixed Integer Nonlinear (MINL) formulations are rarely considered, despite being the most physically accurate way to represent HVAC systems. This work compares several MPC formulations, including Quadratic, Nonlinear, and MINL, applied to a case study building and investigates benefits and challenges of MINL MPCs from practical perspectives. Ten different MPC formulations were developed and implemented using Pyomo. Then, a detailed emulator model was developed using open-source Modelica libraries and used with BOPTEST to assess the performance of each MPC. Results show that convergence and control switching behaviours of MINL MPCs are sensitive to formulations, initialization approaches, solver selections, and solver parameters. Thus, they require significant effort for tuning. However, a very well-tuned MINL MPC performed similarly to successful Nonlinear MPC formulations.","PeriodicalId":49168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Performance Simulation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90420918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-06DOI: 10.1080/19401493.2022.2119601
A. Rajaei, Morteza Haddadi, N. Nord
Demand for electricity, due to the fast growth in urbanization and industrialization, is on the rapid rise. Load shift is a basic method for demand side management (DSM) that can be used by the central controller in buildings and can lead to the maximum use of renewable energy sources, maximum economic benefits, and reduction of peak demand. This paper proposes an algorithm for shifting the flexible loads of four selected appliances with respect to boundary limits for each appliance. A standalone four-story building with different number of occupants is considered to evaluate this algorithm. The algorithm was trained on Richardson model to minimize two objectives including aggregated demand, and the scheduling discomfort. The proposed algorithm led to significant reduction in aggregated peak demand and thereby savings in standalone system investment. The results demonstrated a major reduction in peak demand from 37% to 44% for winter and summer seasons, respectively.
{"title":"A new approach of optimal appliance scheduling for peak load reduction of an off-grid residential building","authors":"A. Rajaei, Morteza Haddadi, N. Nord","doi":"10.1080/19401493.2022.2119601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2022.2119601","url":null,"abstract":"Demand for electricity, due to the fast growth in urbanization and industrialization, is on the rapid rise. Load shift is a basic method for demand side management (DSM) that can be used by the central controller in buildings and can lead to the maximum use of renewable energy sources, maximum economic benefits, and reduction of peak demand. This paper proposes an algorithm for shifting the flexible loads of four selected appliances with respect to boundary limits for each appliance. A standalone four-story building with different number of occupants is considered to evaluate this algorithm. The algorithm was trained on Richardson model to minimize two objectives including aggregated demand, and the scheduling discomfort. The proposed algorithm led to significant reduction in aggregated peak demand and thereby savings in standalone system investment. The results demonstrated a major reduction in peak demand from 37% to 44% for winter and summer seasons, respectively.","PeriodicalId":49168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Performance Simulation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81895137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-03DOI: 10.1080/19401493.2022.2052964
Gregor Strugala, M. Kummert, M. Kegel
Variable capacity heat pumps improve seasonal performance and operate at lower temperatures by varying their compressor speed to match their capacity to a specific thermal load. They constitute a great asset in our struggle to lower energy consumption and carbon emissions, especially in cold climates. However, being a more recent and complex technology, they are not easily integrated in the design of building energy systems as adequate models are lacking. A trnsys model for variable capacity air-to-air heat pumps (vcaahps) relying on performance maps and restricted to mini-split systems was therefore developed to streamline this design process and provide more accurate results. The model is presented first; it can reproduce most common heat pump behaviours – such as defrost and latent cooling. Then, a methodology relying on experimental data to supplement (often incomplete) manufacturer performance maps is provided. Finally, model usage is exemplified through a case study highlighting specific features and behaviours.
{"title":"Empirical modelling of variable capacity air-to-air heat pumps in trnsys","authors":"Gregor Strugala, M. Kummert, M. Kegel","doi":"10.1080/19401493.2022.2052964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2022.2052964","url":null,"abstract":"Variable capacity heat pumps improve seasonal performance and operate at lower temperatures by varying their compressor speed to match their capacity to a specific thermal load. They constitute a great asset in our struggle to lower energy consumption and carbon emissions, especially in cold climates. However, being a more recent and complex technology, they are not easily integrated in the design of building energy systems as adequate models are lacking. A trnsys model for variable capacity air-to-air heat pumps (vcaahps) relying on performance maps and restricted to mini-split systems was therefore developed to streamline this design process and provide more accurate results. The model is presented first; it can reproduce most common heat pump behaviours – such as defrost and latent cooling. Then, a methodology relying on experimental data to supplement (often incomplete) manufacturer performance maps is provided. Finally, model usage is exemplified through a case study highlighting specific features and behaviours.","PeriodicalId":49168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Performance Simulation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89349273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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