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Influence of vapor pressure deficit on vegetation growth in China 水汽压差对中国植被生长的影响
IF 3 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.1007/s40333-024-0077-0
Chuanhua Li, Liang Zhang, Hong Wang, Lixiao Pend, Peng Yin, Peidong Miao

Vapor pressure deficit (VPD) plays a crucial role in determining plant physiological functions and exerts a substantial influence on vegetation, second only to carbon dioxide (CO2). As a robust indicator of atmospheric water demand, VPD has implications for global water resources, and its significance extends to the structure and functioning of ecosystems. However, the influence of VPD on vegetation growth under climate change remains unclear in China. This study employed empirical equations to estimate the VPD in China from 2000 to 2020 based on meteorological reanalysis data of the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) Time-Series version 4.6 (TS4.06) and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis 5 (ERA-5). Vegetation growth status was characterized using three vegetation indices, namely gross primary productivity (GPP), leaf area index (LAI), and near-infrared reflectance of vegetation (NIRv). The spatiotemporal dynamics of VPD and vegetation indices were analyzed using the Theil-Sen median trend analysis and Mann-Kendall test. Furthermore, the influence of VPD on vegetation growth and its relative contribution were assessed using a multiple linear regression model. The results indicated an overall negative correlation between VPD and vegetation indices. Three VPD intervals for the correlations between VPD and vegetation indices were identified: a significant positive correlation at VPD below 4.820 hPa, a significant negative correlation at VPD within 4.820–9.000 hPa, and a notable weakening of negative correlation at VPD above 9.000 hPa. VPD exhibited a pronounced negative impact on vegetation growth, surpassing those of temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation in absolute magnitude. CO2 contributed most positively to vegetation growth, with VPD offsetting approximately 30.00% of the positive effect of CO2. As the rise of VPD decelerated, its relative contribution to vegetation growth diminished. Additionally, the intensification of spatial variations in temperature and precipitation accentuated the spatial heterogeneity in the impact of VPD on vegetation growth in China. This research provides a theoretical foundation for addressing climate change in China, especially regarding the challenges posed by increasing VPD.

蒸气压差(VPD)在决定植物生理功能方面起着至关重要的作用,对植被的影响仅次于二氧化碳(CO2)。作为大气需水量的可靠指标,VPD 对全球水资源具有重要影响,其意义还延伸到生态系统的结构和功能。然而,在中国,VPD 对气候变化下植被生长的影响尚不明确。本研究基于气候研究单位(CRU)时间序列 4.6 版(TS4.06)和欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)再分析 5(ERA-5)的气象再分析数据,采用经验方程估算了中国 2000 至 2020 年的 VPD。植被生长状况通过三个植被指数来描述,即总初级生产力(GPP)、叶面积指数(LAI)和植被近红外反射率(NIRv)。利用 Theil-Sen 中位趋势分析和 Mann-Kendall 检验分析了 VPD 和植被指数的时空动态。此外,还利用多元线性回归模型评估了 VPD 对植被生长的影响及其相对贡献。结果表明,VPD 与植被指数之间总体呈负相关。VPD与植被指数之间的相关性有三个VPD区间:VPD低于4.820 hPa时呈显著正相关,VPD在4.820-9.000 hPa范围内呈显著负相关,VPD高于9.000 hPa时负相关明显减弱。VPD对植被生长有明显的负面影响,其绝对值超过了温度、降水和太阳辐射。二氧化碳对植被生长的积极影响最大,VPD 抵消了二氧化碳约 30.00% 的积极影响。随着 VPD 上升速度的减慢,其对植被生长的相对贡献也在减小。此外,气温和降水的空间变化加剧,加剧了 VPD 对中国植被生长影响的空间异质性。这项研究为中国应对气候变化,尤其是应对VPD上升带来的挑战提供了理论依据。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of wind speed, underlying surface, and seed morphological traits on the secondary seed dispersal in the Tengger Desert, China 风速、下垫面和种子形态特征对中国腾格里沙漠种子二次扩散的影响
IF 3 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1007/s40333-024-0057-4
Wenjie Qu, Wenzhi Zhao, Xinguo Yang, Lei Wang, Xue Zhang, Jianjun Qu

The maintenance of sand-fixing vegetation is important for the stability of artificial sand-fixing systems in which seed dispersal plays a key role. Based on field wind tunnel experiments using 11 common plant species on the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert, China, we studied the secondary seed dispersal in the fixed and semi-fixed sand dunes as well as in the mobile dunes in order to understand the limitations of vegetation regeneration and the maintenance of its stability. Our results indicated that there were significant variations among the selected 11 plant species in the threshold of wind speed (TWS). The TWS of Caragana korshinskii was the highest among the 11 plant species, whereas that of Echinops gmelinii was the lowest. Seed morphological traits and underlying surface could generally explain the TWS. During the secondary seed dispersal processes, the proportions of seeds that did not disperse (no dispersal) and only dispersed over short distance (short-distance dispersal within the wind tunnel test section) were significantly higher than those of seeds that were buried (including lost seeds) and dispersed over long distance (long-distance dispersal beyond the wind tunnel test section). Compared with other habitats, the mobile dunes were the most difficult places for secondary seed dispersal. Buried seeds were the easiest to be found in the semi-fixed sand dunes, whereas fixed sand dunes were the best sites for seeds that dispersed over long distance. The results of linear mixed models showed that after controlling the dispersal distance, smaller and rounder seeds dispersed farther. Shape index and wind speed were the two significant influencing factors on the burial of seeds. The explanatory power of wind speed, underlying surface, and seed morphological traits on the seeds that did not disperse and dispersed over short distance was far greater than that on the seeds that were buried and dispersed over long distance, implying that the processes and mechanisms of burial and long-distance dispersal are more complex. In summary, most seeds in the study area either did not move, were buried, or dispersed over short distance, promoting local vegetation regeneration.

固沙植被的维持对人工固沙系统的稳定性非常重要,而种子的扩散在人工固沙系统中起着关键作用。基于在中国腾格里沙漠东南边缘利用 11 种常见植物进行的野外风洞实验,我们研究了固定沙丘、半固定沙丘和流动沙丘中种子的二次扩散,以了解植被再生及其稳定性维持的限制因素。结果表明,所选的 11 种植物在风速阈值(TWS)方面存在显著差异。在 11 种植物中,Caragana korshinskii 的风速阈值最高,而 Echinops gmelinii 的风速阈值最低。种子形态特征和底面一般可以解释种子的扩散速度。在种子的二次扩散过程中,未扩散(无扩散)和仅短距离扩散(风洞试验段内的短距离扩散)的种子比例明显高于被埋藏(包括丢失种子)和长距离扩散(风洞试验段外的长距离扩散)的种子比例。与其他生境相比,流动沙丘是种子二次扩散最困难的地方。埋藏的种子最容易在半固定沙丘中找到,而固定沙丘则是种子远距离扩散的最佳地点。线性混合模型的结果表明,在控制传播距离后,较小和较圆的种子传播得更远。形状指数和风速是影响种子埋藏的两个重要因素。风速、底面和种子形态特征对未扩散和短距离扩散的种子的解释力远远大于对被埋藏和长距离扩散的种子的解释力,这意味着埋藏和长距离扩散的过程和机制更为复杂。总之,研究区域的大多数种子要么没有移动,要么被埋藏,要么短距离扩散,促进了当地植被的再生。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of landscape fragmentation of plantation forests on carbon storage in the Loess Plateau, China 人工林景观破碎化对中国黄土高原碳储存的影响
IF 3 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1007/s40333-024-0005-3
Hangyu Lei, Dantong Duan, Yi Chen, Huifeng Guo, Jiangtao Li, Xiang Li

Tree plantation and forest restoration are the major strategies for enhancing terrestrial carbon sequestration and mitigating climate change. The Grain for Green Project in China has positively impacted global carbon sequestration and the trend towards fragmentation of plantation forests. Limited studies have been conducted on changes in plantation biomass and stand structure caused by fragmentation, and the effect of fragmentation on the carbon storage of plantation forests remains unclear. This study evaluated the differences between carbon storage and stand structure in black locust forests in fragmented and continuous landscape in the Ansai District, China and discussed the effects of ecological significance of four landscape indices on carbon storage and tree density. We used structural equation modelling to explore the direct and indirect effects of fragmentation, edge, abiotic factors, and stand structure on above-ground carbon storage. Diameter at breast height (DBH) in fragmented forests was 53.3% thicker, tree density was 40.9% lower, and carbon storage was 49.8% higher than those in continuous forests; for all given DBH>10 cm, the trees in fragmented forests were shorter than those in continuous forests. The patch area had a negative impact on carbon storage, i.e., the higher the degree of fragmentation, the lower the density of the tree; and fragmentation and distance to edge (DTE) directly increased canopy coverage. However, canopy coverage directly decreased carbon storage, and fragmentation directly increased carbon storage and tree density. In non-commercial forests, fragmentation reduces the carbon storage potential of plantation, and the influence of patch area, edge, and patchy connection on plantation should be considered when follow-up trees are planted and for the plantation management. Thus, expanding the area of plantation patches, repairing the edges of complex-shaped patches, enhancing the connectivity of similar patches, and applying nutrients to plantation forests at regular intervals are recommended in fragmented areas of the Loess Plateau.

植树造林和森林恢复是加强陆地碳固存和减缓气候变化的主要战略。中国的 "绿色粮食计划 "对全球碳固存和人工林破碎化趋势产生了积极影响。目前,关于破碎化引起的人工林生物量和林分结构变化的研究有限,破碎化对人工林碳储量的影响仍不清楚。本研究评估了中国安塞区破碎景观与连续景观下黑刺槐林碳储量和林分结构的差异,探讨了四种景观指数的生态学意义对碳储量和林木密度的影响。我们采用结构方程模型探讨了破碎化、边缘、非生物因素和林分结构对地上碳储量的直接和间接影响。与连续森林相比,破碎森林的胸径(DBH)粗53.3%,树木密度低40.9%,碳储量高49.8%;在所有给定的DBH>10 cm条件下,破碎森林的树木比连续森林的树木短。斑块面积对碳储量有负面影响,即破碎度越高,树木密度越低;破碎度和边缘距离(DTE)直接增加了冠层覆盖率。然而,树冠覆盖率直接降低了碳储量,而破碎度直接增加了碳储量和树木密度。在非商品林中,破碎化会降低人工林的碳储存潜力,因此在后续植树和人工林管理中应考虑斑块面积、边缘和斑块连接对人工林的影响。因此,建议在黄土高原破碎化地区扩大人工林斑块的面积,修复形状复杂的斑块边缘,加强相似斑块的连通性,并定期为人工林施用养分。
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引用次数: 0
Spatiotemporal characteristics of cultivated land use eco-efficiency and its influencing factors in China from 2000 to 2020 2000-2020 年中国耕地生态效益的时空特征及其影响因素
IF 3 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1007/s40333-024-0094-z
Shaoting Li, Na Mu, Yanjun Ren, Thomas Glauben

Improving cultivated land use eco-efficiency (CLUE) can effectively promote agricultural sustainability, particularly in developing countries where CLUE is generally low. This study used provincial-level data from China to evaluate the spatiotemporal evolution of CLUE from 2000 to 2020 and identified the influencing factors of CLUE by using a panel Tobit model. In addition, given the undesirable outputs of agricultural production, we incorporated carbon emissions and nonpoint source pollution into the global benchmark-undesirable output-super efficiency-slacks-based measure (GB-US-SBM) model, which combines global benchmark technology, undesirable output, super efficiency, and slacks-based measure. The results indicated that there was an upward trend in CLUE in China from 2000 to 2020, with an increase rate of 2.62%. The temporal evolution of CLUE in China could be classified into three distinct stages: a period of fluctuating decrease (2000–2007), a phase of gradual increase (2008–2014), and a period of rapid growth (2015–2020). The major grain-producing areas (MPAs) had a lower CLUE than their counterparts, namely, non-major grain-production areas (non-MPAs). The spatial agglomeration effect followed a northeast-southwest strip distribution; and the movement path of barycentre revealed a “P” shape, with Luoyang City, Henan Province, as the centre. In terms of influencing factors of CLUE, investment in science and technology played the most vital role in improving CLUE, while irrigation index had the most negative effect. It should be noted that these two influencing factors had different impacts on MPAs and non-MPAs. Therefore, relevant departments should formulate policies to enhance the level of science and technology, improve irrigation condition, and promote sustainable utilization of cultivated land.

提高耕地生态效益(CLUE)可有效促进农业可持续发展,尤其是在耕地生态效益普遍较低的发展中国家。本研究利用中国省级数据评估了 2000 年至 2020 年耕地生态效益的时空演变,并通过面板 Tobit 模型确定了耕地生态效益的影响因素。此外,考虑到农业生产的不良产出,我们将碳排放和非点源污染纳入全球基准-不良产出-超效率-基于松弛的计量(GB-US-SBM)模型,该模型结合了全球基准技术、不良产出、超效率和基于松弛的计量。结果表明,从 2000 年到 2020 年,中国的 CLUE 呈上升趋势,增长率为 2.62%。中国 CLUE 的时间演变可分为三个不同阶段:波动下降期(2000-2007 年)、逐步上升期(2008-2014 年)和快速增长期(2015-2020 年)。与粮食主产区(MPA)相比,非粮食主产区(Non-MPA)的CLUE较低。空间集聚效应呈东北-西南带状分布,双中心移动轨迹呈以河南省洛阳市为中心的 "P "形。从CLUE的影响因素来看,科技投入对提高CLUE的作用最大,而灌溉指数的负面影响最大。值得注意的是,这两个影响因素对海洋保护区和非海洋保护区的影响不同。因此,相关部门应制定政策,提高科技水平,改善灌溉条件,促进耕地的可持续利用。
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引用次数: 0
Linkage between precipitation isotopes and water vapor sources in the monsoon margin: Evidence from arid areas of Northwest China 季风边缘降水同位素与水汽源之间的联系:来自中国西北干旱地区的证据
IF 3 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1007/s40333-024-0095-y
Fenli Chen, Qiuyan Zhang, Shengjie Wang, Jufan Chen, Minyan Gao, Mohd Aadil Bhat

The isotope composition in precipitation has been widely considered as a tracer of monsoon activity. Compared with the coastal region, the monsoon margin usually has limited precipitation with large fluctuation and is usually sensitive to climate change. The water resource management in the monsoon margin should be better planned by understanding the composition of precipitation isotope and its influencing factors. In this study, the precipitation samples were collected at five sampling sites (Baiyin City, Kongtong District, Maqu County, Wudu District, and Yinchuan City) of the monsoon margin in the northwest of China in 2022 to analyze the characteristics of stable hydrogen (δD) and oxygen (δ18O) isotopes. We analyzed the impact of meteorological factors (temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity) on the composition of precipitation isotope at daily level by regression analysis, utilized the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT)-based backward trajectory model to simulate the air mass trajectory of precipitation events, and adopted the potential source contribution function (PSCF) and concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) to analyze the water vapor sources. The results showed that compared with the global meteoric water line (GMWL), the slope of the local meteoric water line (LMWL; δD=7.34δ18O−1.16) was lower, indicating the existence of strong regional evaporation in the study area. Temperature significantly contributed to δ18O value, while relative humidity had a significant negative effect on δ18O value. Through the backward trajectory analysis, we found eight primary locations that were responsible for the water vapor sources of precipitation in the study area, of which moisture from the Indian Ocean to South China Sea (ITSC) and the western continental (CW) had the greatest influence on precipitation in the study area. The hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in precipitation are significantly influenced by the sources and transportation paths of air mass. In addition, the results of PSCF and CWT analysis showed that the water vapor source areas were primarily distributed in the south and northwest direction of the study area.

降水中的同位素组成被广泛认为是季风活动的示踪剂。与沿海地区相比,季风边缘地区的降水量通常有限且波动较大,对气候变化通常比较敏感。应通过了解降水同位素的组成及其影响因素,更好地规划季风边缘地区的水资源管理。本研究于 2022 年在中国西北季风边缘地区的五个采样点(白银市、崆峒区、玛曲县、武都区和银川市)采集了降水样品,分析了稳定氢(δD)和氧(δ18O)同位素的特征。采用回归分析方法分析了气象要素(温度、降水和相对湿度)对日降水同位素组成的影响,利用基于混合单粒子拉格朗日综合轨迹(HYSPLIT)的后向轨迹模式模拟了降水事件的气团轨迹,并采用潜在源贡献函数(PSCF)和浓度加权轨迹(CWT)分析了水汽源。结果表明,与全球流水线(GMWL)相比,当地流水线(LMWL;δD=7.34δ18O-1.16)的斜率较低,表明研究区域存在较强的区域蒸发。温度对δ18O值有明显的影响,而相对湿度对δ18O值有明显的负面影响。通过后向轨迹分析,我们发现研究区降水的水汽来源主要有八个地点,其中印度洋至南海(ITSC)和西部大陆(CW)的水汽对研究区降水的影响最大。降水中的氢、氧同位素受气团来源和输送路径的影响较大。此外,PSCF 和 CWT 分析结果表明,水汽源区主要分布在研究区的南部和西北部方向。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring groundwater quality in semi-arid areas of Algeria: Impacts on potable water supply and agricultural sustainability 探索阿尔及利亚半干旱地区的地下水质量:对饮用水供应和农业可持续性的影响
IF 3 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1007/s40333-024-0004-4
Noua Allaoua, Hinda Hafid, Haroun Chenchouni

Groundwater quality assessment is important to assure safe and durable water use. In semi-arid areas of Algeria, groundwater represents the main water resource for drinking water supply of the rural population as well as for irrigation of agricultural lands. Groundwater samples from wells and springs were collected from the Gargaat Tarf and Annk Djemel sub-watersheds of the Oum El Bouaghi, Algeria, and were analyzed and compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Results showed that most of the measured physical and chemical parameters exceeded the quality limits according to the WHO standards. Groundwater had a slightly alkaline water pH (7.00–7.79), electrical conductivity>1500 µS/cm, chloride>500 mg/L, calcium>250 mg/L, and magnesium>155 mg/L. Water quality index (WQI) results showed that 68% of the area had excellent water quality, 24% of the samples fell into good category, and only 8% were of poor quality and unsuitable for human consumption. Six wells in the area showed bacterial contamination. Total coliforms (453.9 (±180.3) CFU (colony-forming units)/100 mL), fecal coliforms (243.2 (±99.2) CFU/100 mL), and fecal streptococci (77.9 (±32.0) CFU/100 mL) loads were above the standard limits set by the WHO. These results confirmed that water resources in the study area were strongly influenced by anthropogenic activities and were not recommended for consumption as drinking water.

地下水质量评估对于确保安全和持久用水非常重要。在阿尔及利亚的半干旱地区,地下水是农村人口饮用水供应和农田灌溉的主要水资源。从阿尔及利亚 Oum El Bouaghi 的 Gargaat Tarf 和 Annk Djemel 子流域收集了水井和泉水的地下水样本,并进行了分析和与世界卫生组织(WHO)标准的比较。结果表明,大部分测量的物理和化学参数都超出了世界卫生组织标准规定的质量限值。地下水的 pH 值(7.00-7.79)为微碱性,电导率为 1500 µS/cm,氯化物为 500 mg/L,钙为 250 mg/L,镁为 155 mg/L。水质指数(WQI)结果显示,该地区 68% 的水质为优,24% 的水样为良,只有 8% 的水样水质较差,不适合人类饮用。该地区有六口水井受到细菌污染。总大肠菌群(453.9 (±180.3) CFU(菌落形成单位)/100 mL)、粪大肠菌群(243.2 (±99.2) CFU/100 mL)和粪链球菌(77.9 (±32.0) CFU/100 mL)的含量均超过了世界卫生组织规定的标准限值。这些结果证实,研究地区的水资源受到人为活动的严重影响,不建议作为饮用水饮用。
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引用次数: 0
Runoff change in the Yellow River Basin of China from 1960 to 2020 and its driving factors 1960-2020 年中国黄河流域径流变化及其驱动因素
IF 3 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1007/s40333-024-0092-1
Baoliang Wang, Hongxiang Wang, Xuyang Jiao, Lintong Huang, Hao Chen, Wenxian Guo

Analysing runoff changes and how these are affected by climate change and human activities is deemed crucial to elucidate the ecological and hydrological response mechanisms of rivers. The Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration and the Range of Variability Approach (IHA-RVA) method, as well as the ecological indicator method, were employed to quantitatively assess the degree of hydrologic change and ecological response processes in the Yellow River Basin from 1960 to 2020. Using Budyko’s water heat coupling balance theory, the relative contributions of various driving factors (such as precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, and underlying surface) to runoff changes in the Yellow River Basin were quantitatively evaluated. The results show that the annual average runoff and precipitation in the Yellow River Basin had a downwards trend, whereas the potential evapotranspiration exhibited an upwards trend from 1960 to 2020. In approximately 1985, it was reported that the hydrological regime of the main stream underwent an abrupt change. The degree of hydrological change was observed to gradually increase from upstream to downstream, with a range of 34.00%–54.00%, all of which are moderate changes. However, significant differences have been noted among different ecological indicators, with a fluctuation index of 90.00% at the outlet of downstream hydrological stations, reaching a high level of change. After the mutation, the biodiversity index of flow in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River was generally lower than that in the base period. The research results also indicate that the driving factor for runoff changes in the upper reach of the Yellow River Basin is mainly precipitation, with a contribution rate of 39.31%–54.70%. Moreover, the driving factor for runoff changes in the middle and lower reaches is mainly human activities, having a contribution rate of 63.70%–84.37%. These results can serve as a basis to strengthen the protection and restoration efforts in the Yellow River Basin and further promote the rational development and use of water resources in the Yellow River.

分析径流变化以及这些变化如何受到气候变化和人类活动的影响,对于阐明河流的生态和水文响应机制至关重要。采用水文变化指标和变率范围法(IHA-RVA)以及生态指标法,对黄河流域 1960-2020 年的水文变化程度和生态响应过程进行了定量评估。利用布迪科水热耦合平衡理论,定量评估了黄河流域各种驱动因素(如降水、潜在蒸散量和下垫面)对径流变化的相对贡献。结果表明,从 1960 年到 2020 年,黄河流域的年平均径流量和降水量呈下降趋势,而潜在蒸散量则呈上升趋势。据报道,大约在 1985 年,干流的水文状况发生了突变。据观测,水文变化程度从上游到下游逐渐增加,变化范围为 34.00%-54.00%,均为中度变化。但不同生态指标之间存在明显差异,下游水文站出水口的波动指数为 90.00%,达到了较高的变化水平。变异后,黄河中下游流量生物多样性指数普遍低于基期。研究结果还表明,黄河流域上游径流变化的驱动因子主要是降水,贡献率为 39.31%-54.70%。此外,中下游径流变化的驱动因素主要是人类活动,贡献率为 63.70%-84.37%。这些结果可作为加强黄河流域保护与恢复工作的依据,进一步促进黄河水资源的合理开发与利用。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of varied drought types on soil conservation service within the framework of climate change: insights from the Jinghe River Basin, China 气候变化框架下不同干旱类型对水土保持服务的影响:中国荆河流域的启示
IF 3 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1007/s40333-024-0070-7
Jizhou Bai, Jing Li, Hui Ran, Zixiang Zhou, Hui Dang, Cheng Zhang, Yuyang Yu
<p>Severe soil erosion and drought are the two main factors affecting the ecological security of the Loess Plateau, China. Investigating the influence of drought on soil conservation service is of great importance to regional environmental protection and sustainable development. However, there is little research on the coupling relationship between them. In this study, focusing on the Jinghe River Basin, China as a case study, we conducted a quantitative evaluation on meteorological, hydrological, and agricultural droughts (represented by the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Standardized Runoff Index (SRI), and Standardized Soil Moisture Index (SSMI), respectively) using the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model, and quantified the soil conservation service using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) in the historical period (2000-2019) and future period (2026-2060) under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). We further examined the influence of the three types of drought on soil conservation service at annual and seasonal scales. The NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections (NEX-GDDP) dataset was used to predict and model the hydrometeorological elements in the future period under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. The results showed that in the historical period, annual-scale meteorological drought exhibited the highest intensity, while seasonal-scale drought was generally weakest in autumn and most severe in summer. Drought intensity of all three types of drought will increase over the next 40 years, with a greater increase under the RCP4.5 scenario than under the RCP8.5 scenario. Furthermore, the intra-annual variation in the drought intensity of the three types of drought becomes smaller under the two future scenarios relative to the historical period (2000–2019). Soil conservation service exhibits a distribution pattern characterized by high levels in the southwest and southeast and lower levels in the north, and this pattern has remained consistent both in the historical and future periods. Over the past 20 years, the intra-annual variation indicated peak soil conservation service in summer and lowest level in winter; the total soil conservation of the Jinghe River Basin displayed an upward trend, with the total soil conservation in 2019 being 1.14 times higher than that in 2000. The most substantial impact on soil conservation service arises from annual-scale meteorological drought, which remains consistent both in the historical and future periods. Additionally, at the seasonal scale, meteorological drought exerts the highest influence on soil conservation service in winter and autumn, particularly under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. Compared to the historical period, the soil conservation service in the Jinghe River Basin will be significantly more affected by drought in the future period in terms of both the affected area and the magnitude of impact. This study cond
严重的水土流失和干旱是影响中国黄土高原生态安全的两大主要因素。研究干旱对水土保持服务的影响对区域环境保护和可持续发展具有重要意义。然而,关于二者耦合关系的研究却很少。在本研究中,我们以中国精河流域为例,利用变量渗透法对气象干旱、水文干旱和农业干旱(分别以标准化降水指数(SPI)、标准化径流指数(SRI)和标准化土壤水分指数(SSMI)表示)进行了定量评估、利用可变渗透能力(VIC)模型对历史时期(2000-2019 年)和未来时期(2026-2060 年)的土壤保持服务进行量化。5 和 RCP8.5)下的历史时期(2000-2019 年)和未来时期(2026-2060 年)。我们进一步研究了三种干旱类型在年度和季节尺度上对水土保持服务的影响。我们使用美国国家航空航天局地球交换全球每日降尺度预测(NEX-GDDP)数据集对 RCP4.5 和 RCP8.5 情景下未来时期的水文气象要素进行了预测和建模。结果表明,在历史时期,年尺度气象干旱强度最高,而季节尺度干旱一般在秋季最弱,夏季最严重。未来 40 年,三种类型的干旱强度都将增加,RCP4.5 情景下的增加幅度大于 RCP8.5 情景下的增加幅度。此外,与历史时期(2000-2019 年)相比,三种干旱类型的干旱强度在两种未来情景下的年内变异更小。水土保持服务呈现出西南部和东南部高、北部低的分布格局,这一格局在历史时期和未来时期都保持一致。在过去 20 年中,年际变化表现为夏季水土保持服务水平最高,冬季水土保持服务水平最低;泾河流域水土保持总量呈上升趋势,2019 年的水土保持总量是 2000 年的 1.14 倍。对水土保持服务影响最大的是年尺度的气象干旱,这在历史时期和未来时期都是一致的。此外,在季节尺度上,气象干旱在冬季和秋季对土壤保持服务的影响最大,尤其是在 RCP4.5 和 RCP8.5 情景下。与历史时期相比,未来时期荆河流域水土保持服务受干旱的影响面积和影响程度都将明显增加。本研究对流域干旱与水土保持服务的动态特征以及水土保持服务对不同类型干旱的响应进行了有益的评价和预测。厘清二者之间的相互关系,是实现荆河流域这样一个相对干旱、水土流失严重地区可持续发展的基础。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of land-use patterns on soil microbial diversity and composition in the Loess Plateau, China 土地利用模式对中国黄土高原土壤微生物多样性和组成的影响
IF 3 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1007/s40333-024-0007-1
Jian Zhang, Xiaoqun Guo, Yujie Shan, Xin Lu, Jianjun Cao

In the Loess Plateau of China, land-use pattern is a major factor in controlling underlying biological processes. Additionally, the process of land-use pattern was accompanied by abandoned lands, potentially impacting soil microbe. However, limited researches were conducted to study the impacts of land-use patterns on the diversity and community of soil microorganisms in this area. The study aimed to investigate soil microbial community diversity and composition using high-throughput deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing under different land-use patterns (apricot tree land, apple tree land, peach tree land, corn land, and abandoned land). The results showed a substantial difference (P<0.050) in bacterial alpha-diversity and beta-diversity between abandoned land and other land-use patterns, with the exception of Shannon index. While fungal beta-diversity was not considerably impacted by land-use patterns, fungal alpha-diversity indices varied significantly The relative abundance of Actinobacteriota (34.90%), Proteobacteria (20.65%), and Ascomycota (77.42%) varied in soils with different land-use patterns. Soil pH exerted a dominant impact on the soil bacterial communities’ composition, whereas soil available phosphorus was the main factor shaping the soil fungal communities’ composition. These findings suggest that variations in land-use pattern had resulted in changes to soil properties, subsequently impacting diversity and structure of microbial community in the Loess Plateau. Given the strong interdependence between soil and its microbiota, it is imperative to reclaim abandoned lands to maintain soil fertility and sustain its function, which will have significant ecological service implications, particularly with regards to soil conservation in ecologically vulnerable areas.

在中国黄土高原,土地利用模式是控制潜在生物过程的主要因素。此外,伴随着土地利用格局的变化,废弃土地也可能对土壤微生物产生影响。然而,有关土地利用模式对该地区土壤微生物多样性和群落影响的研究却十分有限。本研究旨在利用高通量脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)测序技术研究不同土地利用模式(杏树地、苹果树地、桃树地、玉米地和废弃地)下的土壤微生物群落多样性和组成。结果表明,除香农指数外,废弃土地和其他土地利用模式下的细菌α-多样性和β-多样性存在显著差异(P<0.050)。放线菌群(34.90%)、变形菌群(20.65%)和子囊菌群(77.42%)的相对丰度在不同土地利用模式的土壤中存在差异。土壤酸碱度对土壤细菌群落的组成有主要影响,而土壤可利用磷则是影响土壤真菌群落组成的主要因素。这些发现表明,土地利用模式的变化导致了土壤性质的改变,进而影响了黄土高原微生物群落的多样性和结构。鉴于土壤与微生物群落之间的密切相互依存关系,当务之急是对废弃土地进行复垦,以保持土壤肥力并维持其功能,这将对生态服务产生重大影响,尤其是对生态脆弱地区的土壤保护。
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引用次数: 0
Land use and cover change and influencing factor analysis in the Shiyang River Basin, China 中国石羊河流域土地利用和植被变化及其影响因素分析
IF 3 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1007/s40333-024-0071-6
Yaxuan Zhao, Bo Cao, Linwei Sha, Jinquan Cheng, Xuanru Zhao, Weijin Guan, Baotian Pan
<p>Land use and cover change (LUCC) is the most direct manifestation of the interaction between anthropological activities and the natural environment on Earth’s surface, with significant impacts on the environment and social economy. Rapid economic development and climate change have resulted in significant changes in land use and cover. The Shiyang River Basin, located in the eastern part of the Hexi Corridor in China, has undergone significant climate change and LUCC over the past few decades. In this study, we used the random forest classification to obtain the land use and cover datasets of the Shiyang River Basin in 1991, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020 based on Landsat images. We validated the land use and cover data in 2015 from the random forest classification results (this study), the high-resolution dataset of annual global land cover from 2000 to 2015 (AGLC-2000-2015), the global 30 m land cover classification with a fine classification system (GLC_FCS30), and the first Landsat-derived annual China Land Cover Dataset (CLCD) against ground-truth classification results to evaluate the accuracy of the classification results in this study. Furthermore, we explored and compared the spatiotemporal patterns of LUCC in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Shiyang River Basin over the past 30 years, and employed the random forest importance ranking method to analyze the influencing factors of LUCC based on natural (evapotranspiration, precipitation, temperature, and surface soil moisture) and anthropogenic (nighttime light, gross domestic product (GDP), and population) factors. The results indicated that the random forest classification results for land use and cover in the Shiyang River Basin in 2015 outperformed the AGLC-2000-2015, GLC_FCS30, and CLCD datasets in both overall and partial validations. Moreover, the classification results in this study exhibited a high level of agreement with the ground truth features. From 1991 to 2020, the area of bare land exhibited a decreasing trend, with changes primarily occurring in the middle and lower reaches of the basin. The area of grassland initially decreased and then increased, with changes occurring mainly in the upper and middle reaches of the basin. In contrast, the area of cropland initially increased and then decreased, with changes occurring in the middle and lower reaches. The LUCC was influenced by both natural and anthropogenic factors. Climatic factors and population contributed significantly to LUCC, and the importance values of evapotranspiration, precipitation, temperature, and population were 22.12%, 32.41%, 21.89%, and 19.65%, respectively. Moreover, policy interventions also played an important role. Land use and cover in the Shiyang River Basin exhibited fluctuating changes over the past 30 years, with the ecological environment improving in the last 10 years. This suggests that governance efforts in the study area have had some effects, and the government can con
土地利用和植被变化(LUCC)是人类活动与地球表面自然环境相互作用的最直接表现,对环境和社会经济产生重大影响。经济的快速发展和气候变化导致了土地利用和植被的显著变化。石羊河流域位于中国河西走廊东部,在过去几十年中经历了显著的气候变化和土地利用变化。在本研究中,我们使用随机森林分类法,基于大地遥感卫星图像获得了石羊河流域 1991 年、1995 年、2000 年、2005 年、2010 年、2015 年和 2020 年的土地利用和植被数据集。我们将随机森林分类结果(本研究)、2000 年至 2015 年全球年度土地覆被高分辨率数据集(AGLC-2000-2015)、采用精细分类系统的全球 30 米土地覆被分类(GLC_FCS30)以及首个源自 Landsat 的年度中国土地覆被数据集(CLCD)中的 2015 年土地利用和覆被数据与地面实况分类结果进行了验证,以评估本研究中分类结果的准确性。此外,我们还探讨并比较了石羊河流域上、中、下游近 30 年来的 LUCC 时空格局,并采用随机森林重要性排序法分析了基于自然因素(蒸散、降水、温度和表层土壤水分)和人为因素(夜间光照、国内生产总值(GDP)和人口)的 LUCC 影响因素。结果表明,2015 年石羊河流域土地利用和植被的随机森林分类结果在总体和部分验证中均优于 AGLC-2000-2015、GLC_FCS30 和 CLCD 数据集。此外,本研究的分类结果与地面实况特征具有较高的一致性。从 1991 年到 2020 年,裸地面积呈下降趋势,变化主要发生在流域的中下游。草地面积先减后增,变化主要发生在流域的中上游。相比之下,耕地面积先增加后减少,变化主要发生在中下游。土地覆被率受自然和人为因素的影响。气候因素和人口对 LUCC 的影响较大,蒸散量、降水量、温度和人口的重要程度分别为 22.12%、32.41%、21.89% 和 19.65%。此外,政策干预也发挥了重要作用。石羊河流域的土地利用和植被在过去 30 年中呈现波动变化,近 10 年生态环境有所改善。这表明研究区域的治理工作取得了一定成效,政府今后可以继续朝着这个方向努力。研究结果可为石羊河流域及其他类似干旱半干旱地区的相关研究和区域可持续发展提供重要启示。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Arid Land
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