<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) impacts various aspects of children's language abilities, including the processing of inflectional morphology. Prior research suggests that children with DLD exhibit deficits in processing speed and sensitivity to grammatical inflections, yet the relationship between these deficits remains unclear.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Aims</h3> <p>This study aimed to investigate the relationship between processing speed and sensitivity to inflectional morphology in children with DLD, focusing on their real-time processing abilities in response to regular past tense, third person singular, and regular plural inflections at different rates of sentence articulation.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Method</h3> <p>Eighteen children with DLD and 18 age-matched controls underwent word monitoring tasks that assessed sensitivity to grammaticality of inflections in sentences presented at normal and slow rates of articulation.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>At a normal rate of articulation, children with DLD demonstrated slower response times and reduced sensitivity to grammaticality across all inflections compared to controls. When the articulation rate was slowed, children with DLD showed improved sensitivity, particularly to regular plural and third person singular inflections, although deficits in processing the regular past tense persisted.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3> <p>The findings suggest a significant relationship between processing speed and inflectional morphology sensitivity in children with DLD. Slower articulation rates improved grammatical sensitivity for certain inflections, highlighting the potential of tailored interventions that consider processing speed limitations. Persistent difficulties with the regular past tense inflection indicate the need for targeted support for children with DLD in this area.</p> </section> <section> <h3> WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS</h3> <section> <h3> What is already known on this subject</h3> <div> <ul> <li>Children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) have a wide range of language difficulties, but deficits in inflectional morphology are regarded as a ‘hallmark’ of the
{"title":"Speed of processing in Developmental Language Disorder (DLD): The case of real-time grammatical processing","authors":"Hannah Witherstone","doi":"10.1111/1460-6984.13014","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1460-6984.13014","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) impacts various aspects of children's language abilities, including the processing of inflectional morphology. Prior research suggests that children with DLD exhibit deficits in processing speed and sensitivity to grammatical inflections, yet the relationship between these deficits remains unclear.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to investigate the relationship between processing speed and sensitivity to inflectional morphology in children with DLD, focusing on their real-time processing abilities in response to regular past tense, third person singular, and regular plural inflections at different rates of sentence articulation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eighteen children with DLD and 18 age-matched controls underwent word monitoring tasks that assessed sensitivity to grammaticality of inflections in sentences presented at normal and slow rates of articulation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At a normal rate of articulation, children with DLD demonstrated slower response times and reduced sensitivity to grammaticality across all inflections compared to controls. When the articulation rate was slowed, children with DLD showed improved sensitivity, particularly to regular plural and third person singular inflections, although deficits in processing the regular past tense persisted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings suggest a significant relationship between processing speed and inflectional morphology sensitivity in children with DLD. Slower articulation rates improved grammatical sensitivity for certain inflections, highlighting the potential of tailored interventions that consider processing speed limitations. Persistent difficulties with the regular past tense inflection indicate the need for targeted support for children with DLD in this area.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> What is already known on this subject</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) have a wide range of language difficulties, but deficits in inflectional morphology are regarded as a ‘hallmark’ of the ","PeriodicalId":49182,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders","volume":"59 4","pages":"1489-1504"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1460-6984.13014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139541593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hannah Griffin, Jennie Wilson, Alison Tingle, Anke Görzig, Kirsty Harrison, Celia Harding, Sukhpreet Aujla, Elizabeth Barley, Heather Loveday
<div> <section> <h3> Introduction</h3> <p>Dysphagia affects up to 70% of care home residents, increasing morbidity and hospital admissions. Speech and language therapists make recommendations to support safe nutrition but have limited capacity to offer ongoing guidance. This study aimed to understand if recommendations made to support safe and effective care are implemented and how these relate to the actual care delivered.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>Eleven mealtimes with residents with dysphagia were observed during 2020 using a tool capturing 12 elements of expected practice. Staff actions during mealtimes were compared with adherence to residents’ care plans and speech and language therapist recommendations.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Written recommendations predominantly focused on food and fluid modification. Observations (<i>n</i> = 66) revealed food texture, posture, and alertness were adhered to on 90% of occasions, but alternating food and drink, prompting and ensuring swallow completed adherence was less than 60%. Thickened fluids frequently did not align with required International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative levels. Nutrition care provided in the dining room was less safe due to a lack of designated supervision.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusion</h3> <p>Care homes need to be supported to establish a safe swallowing culture to improve residents’ safety and care experience.</p> </section> <section> <h3> WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS</h3> <section> <h3> What is already known on this subject?</h3> <div> <ul> <li>Dysphagia is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality and has been identified as an independent risk factor for mortality in nursing home residents.</li> <li>There is evidence that compensatory swallowing strategies, safe feeding advice and dietary modifications can reduce the risk of aspiration pneumonia.</li> <li>Care for nursing home residents at mealtimes is often task-centred and delegated to those with limited training and who lack knowledge of useful strategies to support the nutrition and hydration needs of residents with dysphagia.</li> </ul> </div> </section>
{"title":"Supporting safe swallowing of care home residents with dysphagia: How does the care delivered compare with guidance from speech and language therapists?","authors":"Hannah Griffin, Jennie Wilson, Alison Tingle, Anke Görzig, Kirsty Harrison, Celia Harding, Sukhpreet Aujla, Elizabeth Barley, Heather Loveday","doi":"10.1111/1460-6984.13015","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1460-6984.13015","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dysphagia affects up to 70% of care home residents, increasing morbidity and hospital admissions. Speech and language therapists make recommendations to support safe nutrition but have limited capacity to offer ongoing guidance. This study aimed to understand if recommendations made to support safe and effective care are implemented and how these relate to the actual care delivered.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eleven mealtimes with residents with dysphagia were observed during 2020 using a tool capturing 12 elements of expected practice. Staff actions during mealtimes were compared with adherence to residents’ care plans and speech and language therapist recommendations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Written recommendations predominantly focused on food and fluid modification. Observations (<i>n</i> = 66) revealed food texture, posture, and alertness were adhered to on 90% of occasions, but alternating food and drink, prompting and ensuring swallow completed adherence was less than 60%. Thickened fluids frequently did not align with required International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative levels. Nutrition care provided in the dining room was less safe due to a lack of designated supervision.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Care homes need to be supported to establish a safe swallowing culture to improve residents’ safety and care experience.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> What is already known on this subject?</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Dysphagia is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality and has been identified as an independent risk factor for mortality in nursing home residents.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>There is evidence that compensatory swallowing strategies, safe feeding advice and dietary modifications can reduce the risk of aspiration pneumonia.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Care for nursing home residents at mealtimes is often task-centred and delegated to those with limited training and who lack knowledge of useful strategies to support the nutrition and hydration needs of residents with dysphagia.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":49182,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders","volume":"59 4","pages":"1478-1488"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1460-6984.13015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139522031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sulekha Gunasekaran, Joanne Murray, Sebastian Doeltgen
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>Competent clinical reasoning forms the foundation for effective and efficient clinical swallowing examination (CSE) and consequent dysphagia management decisions. While the nature of initial CSEs has been evaluated, it remains unclear how new information gathered by speech–language therapists (SLTs) throughout a patient's acute-care journey is integrated into their initial clinical reasoning and management processes and used to review and revise initial management recommendations.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Aims</h3> <p>To understand how SLTs’ clinical reasoning and decision-making regarding dysphagia assessment and management evolve as patients transition through acute hospital care from referral to discharge.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods & Procedures</h3> <p>A longitudinal, qualitative approach was employed to gather information from two SLTs who managed six patients at a metropolitan acute-care hospital. A retrospective ‘think-aloud’ protocol was utilized to prompt SLTs regarding their clinical reasoning and decision-making processes during initial and subsequent CSEs and patient interactions. Three types of concept maps were created based on these interviews: a descriptive concept map, a reasoning map and a hypothesis map. All concept maps were evaluated regarding their overall structure, facts gathered, types of reasoning engaged in (inductive versus deductive), types of hypotheses generated, and the diagnosis and management recommendations made following initial CSE and during subsequent dysphagia management.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Outcomes & Results</h3> <p>Initial CSEs involved a rich process of fact-gathering, that was predominantly led by inductive reasoning (hypothesis generation) and some application of deductive reasoning (hypothesis testing), with the primary aims of determining the presence of dysphagia and identifying the safest diet and fluid recommendations. During follow-up assessments, SLTs engaged in increasingly more deductive testing of initial hypotheses, including fact-gathering aimed at determining the tolerance of current diet and fluid recommendations or the suitability for diet and/or fluid upgrade and less inductive reasoning. Consistent with this aim, SLTs’ hypotheses were focused primarily on airway protection and medical status during the follow-up phase. Overall, both initial and follow-up swallowing assessments were targeted primarily at identifying suitable management recommendations, and less so on identifying and formulating diagnoses. None of t
{"title":"Clinical reasoning during dysphagia assessment and management in acute care: A longitudinal qualitative study","authors":"Sulekha Gunasekaran, Joanne Murray, Sebastian Doeltgen","doi":"10.1111/1460-6984.13005","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1460-6984.13005","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Competent clinical reasoning forms the foundation for effective and efficient clinical swallowing examination (CSE) and consequent dysphagia management decisions. While the nature of initial CSEs has been evaluated, it remains unclear how new information gathered by speech–language therapists (SLTs) throughout a patient's acute-care journey is integrated into their initial clinical reasoning and management processes and used to review and revise initial management recommendations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To understand how SLTs’ clinical reasoning and decision-making regarding dysphagia assessment and management evolve as patients transition through acute hospital care from referral to discharge.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods & Procedures</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A longitudinal, qualitative approach was employed to gather information from two SLTs who managed six patients at a metropolitan acute-care hospital. A retrospective ‘think-aloud’ protocol was utilized to prompt SLTs regarding their clinical reasoning and decision-making processes during initial and subsequent CSEs and patient interactions. Three types of concept maps were created based on these interviews: a descriptive concept map, a reasoning map and a hypothesis map. All concept maps were evaluated regarding their overall structure, facts gathered, types of reasoning engaged in (inductive versus deductive), types of hypotheses generated, and the diagnosis and management recommendations made following initial CSE and during subsequent dysphagia management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Outcomes & Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Initial CSEs involved a rich process of fact-gathering, that was predominantly led by inductive reasoning (hypothesis generation) and some application of deductive reasoning (hypothesis testing), with the primary aims of determining the presence of dysphagia and identifying the safest diet and fluid recommendations. During follow-up assessments, SLTs engaged in increasingly more deductive testing of initial hypotheses, including fact-gathering aimed at determining the tolerance of current diet and fluid recommendations or the suitability for diet and/or fluid upgrade and less inductive reasoning. Consistent with this aim, SLTs’ hypotheses were focused primarily on airway protection and medical status during the follow-up phase. Overall, both initial and follow-up swallowing assessments were targeted primarily at identifying suitable management recommendations, and less so on identifying and formulating diagnoses. None of t","PeriodicalId":49182,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders","volume":"59 4","pages":"1463-1477"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1460-6984.13005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139514202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>Perceptual measures such as speech intelligibility are known to be biased, variant and subjective, to which an automatic approach has been seen as a more reliable alternative. On the other hand, automatic approaches tend to lack explainability, an aspect that can prevent the widespread usage of these technologies clinically.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Aims</h3> <p>In the present work, we aim to study the relationship between four perceptual parameters and speech intelligibility by automatically modelling the behaviour of six perceptual judges, in the context of head and neck cancer. From this evaluation we want to assess the different levels of relevance of each parameter as well as the different judge profiles that arise, both perceptually and automatically.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods and Procedures</h3> <p>Based on a passage reading task from the Carcinologic Speech Severity Index (C2SI) corpus, six expert listeners assessed the voice quality, resonance, prosody and phonemic distortions, as well as the speech intelligibility of patients treated for oral or oropharyngeal cancer. A statistical analysis and an ensemble of automatic systems, one per judge, were devised, where speech intelligibility is predicted as a function of the four aforementioned perceptual parameters of voice quality, resonance, prosody and phonemic distortions.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Outcomes and Results</h3> <p>The results suggest that we can automatically predict speech intelligibility as a function of the four aforementioned perceptual parameters, achieving a high correlation of 0.775 (Spearman's <i>ρ</i>). Furthermore, different judge profiles were found perceptually that were successfully modelled automatically.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions and Implications</h3> <p>The four investigated perceptual parameters influence the global rating of speech intelligibility, showing that different judge profiles emerge. The proposed automatic approach displayed a more uniform profile across all judges, displaying a more reliable, unbiased and objective prediction. The system also adds an extra layer of interpretability, since speech intelligibility is regressed as a direct function of the individual prediction of the four perceptual parameters, an improvement over more black box approaches.</p> </section> <section> <h3> WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS</
{"title":"Automatic modelling of perceptual judges in the context of head and neck cancer speech intelligibility","authors":"Sebastião Quintas, Mathieu Balaguer, Julie Mauclair, Virginie Woisard, Julien Pinquier","doi":"10.1111/1460-6984.13004","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1460-6984.13004","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Perceptual measures such as speech intelligibility are known to be biased, variant and subjective, to which an automatic approach has been seen as a more reliable alternative. On the other hand, automatic approaches tend to lack explainability, an aspect that can prevent the widespread usage of these technologies clinically.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the present work, we aim to study the relationship between four perceptual parameters and speech intelligibility by automatically modelling the behaviour of six perceptual judges, in the context of head and neck cancer. From this evaluation we want to assess the different levels of relevance of each parameter as well as the different judge profiles that arise, both perceptually and automatically.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Procedures</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Based on a passage reading task from the Carcinologic Speech Severity Index (C2SI) corpus, six expert listeners assessed the voice quality, resonance, prosody and phonemic distortions, as well as the speech intelligibility of patients treated for oral or oropharyngeal cancer. A statistical analysis and an ensemble of automatic systems, one per judge, were devised, where speech intelligibility is predicted as a function of the four aforementioned perceptual parameters of voice quality, resonance, prosody and phonemic distortions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Outcomes and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results suggest that we can automatically predict speech intelligibility as a function of the four aforementioned perceptual parameters, achieving a high correlation of 0.775 (Spearman's <i>ρ</i>). Furthermore, different judge profiles were found perceptually that were successfully modelled automatically.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The four investigated perceptual parameters influence the global rating of speech intelligibility, showing that different judge profiles emerge. The proposed automatic approach displayed a more uniform profile across all judges, displaying a more reliable, unbiased and objective prediction. The system also adds an extra layer of interpretability, since speech intelligibility is regressed as a direct function of the individual prediction of the four perceptual parameters, an improvement over more black box approaches.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS</","PeriodicalId":49182,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders","volume":"59 4","pages":"1422-1435"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1460-6984.13004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139492501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Smit, H. Knoors, I. Rabeling, L. Verhoeven, C. Vissers
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>This study examines the effect of a Theory of Mind (ToM) intervention on ToM abilities and social–emotional functioning in adolescents with developmental language disorder (DLD) or who are deaf/hard of hearing (D/HH). It emphasizes the importance of self-reflection and measurement for personal growth. The research design incorporates both subjective and objective measures to evaluate the intervention's efficacy.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Aims</h3> <p>To investigate the impact of the ToM intervention on ToM abilities and social–emotional functioning in adolescents with DLD or who are D/HH. It hypothesizes that participants in the intervention groups will show improved ToM and social–emotional functioning compared with those in the control groups.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods & Procedures</h3> <p>Adolescents with DLD or who are D/HH were recruited through collaboration with educational institutions. The study utilized a pre-/post-test design, assigning participants to either the intervention or the control group. The ToM intervention involved targeted activities to enhance ToM abilities. ToM abilities and social–emotional functioning were assessed using standardized tests and self-report questionnaires. Statistical analyses compared outcomes between the intervention and no intervention groups.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Outcomes & Results</h3> <p>The findings reveal subjective improvements in social–emotional functioning among the D/HH intervention group. However, no significant effects on objective ToM measures were observed. These results highlight the need for further investigation and refinement of interventions in these areas. Future research should focus on improving intervention strategies and exploring additional objective measures to gain a comprehensive understanding of the intervention's impact on ToM and social–emotional functioning in this population.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions & Implications</h3> <p>The ToM intervention shows subjective benefits in improving social–emotional functioning among D/HH adolescents. However, it does not yield significant effects on objective ToM measures. These findings emphasize the ongoing need to refine interventions targeting ToM abilities and social–emotional functioning in this population. Future studies should explore alternative strategies and incorporate additional objective measures to enhance understanding and outcom
研究背景本研究探讨了心智理论（ToM）干预对患有发育性语言障碍（DLD）或耳聋/听力障碍（D/HH）的青少年的心智理论能力和社会情感功能的影响。研究强调自我反思和测量对个人成长的重要性。研究设计结合了主观和客观测量方法，以评估干预措施的效果。目的：调查 ToM 干预措施对患有发育性语言障碍（DLD）或听力障碍（D/HH）的青少年 ToM 能力和社会情感功能的影响。假设与对照组相比，干预组参与者的 ToM 能力和社交情感功能将得到改善：通过与教育机构合作，招募患有 DLD 或 D/H 的青少年。研究采用前/后测试设计，将参与者分配到干预组或对照组。ToM 干预包括有针对性的活动，以提高 ToM 能力。ToM 能力和社会情感功能通过标准化测试和自我报告问卷进行评估。统计分析比较了干预组和未干预组的结果：研究结果显示，D/HH 干预组的主观社交情感功能有所改善。然而，在客观的 ToM 测量中没有观察到明显的效果。这些结果凸显了在这些领域进一步调查和改进干预措施的必要性。未来的研究应侧重于改进干预策略和探索更多客观测量方法，以全面了解干预对该人群 ToM 和社会情感功能的影响：ToM干预在改善D/HH青少年的社交情感功能方面显示出主观益处。然而，它对客观 ToM 测量结果的影响并不明显。这些发现强调，需要不断完善针对该人群 ToM 能力和社交情感功能的干预措施。未来的研究应探索其他策略，并纳入更多客观测量指标，以加深理解并提高结果：在本研究之前，人们已经知道 ToM 干预措施有可能提高 ToM 能力。然而，这些干预措施对患有 DLD 或患有 DH 的青少年的 ToM 和社会情感功能的主观和客观测量的具体影响仍不清楚，因此有必要开展进一步的研究。本文对现有知识的补充 本研究通过证明接受 ToM 干预的 DH 青少年在社交情感功能方面的主观改善，对现有知识进行了补充。然而，在客观的 ToM 测量中却没有观察到明显的效果。这些发现突出表明，有必要完善干预措施并探索更多的测量方法，以更好地了解干预措施的影响。这项工作有哪些潜在或实际的临床意义？本研究中观察到的社交情感功能的主观改善具有重要的临床意义。它们表明，ToM 干预可以对 D/HH 青少年的社会福祉产生积极影响。然而，对客观 ToM 测量缺乏明显的影响，这强调了进一步研究和改进干预措施的必要性，以解决这一人群中需要改善的特定领域。
{"title":"Enhancing social–emotional functioning in adolescents with developmental language disorder or deaf or hard of hearing through a Theory of Mind intervention","authors":"L. Smit, H. Knoors, I. Rabeling, L. Verhoeven, C. Vissers","doi":"10.1111/1460-6984.13011","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1460-6984.13011","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examines the effect of a Theory of Mind (ToM) intervention on ToM abilities and social–emotional functioning in adolescents with developmental language disorder (DLD) or who are deaf/hard of hearing (D/HH). It emphasizes the importance of self-reflection and measurement for personal growth. The research design incorporates both subjective and objective measures to evaluate the intervention's efficacy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the impact of the ToM intervention on ToM abilities and social–emotional functioning in adolescents with DLD or who are D/HH. It hypothesizes that participants in the intervention groups will show improved ToM and social–emotional functioning compared with those in the control groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods & Procedures</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adolescents with DLD or who are D/HH were recruited through collaboration with educational institutions. The study utilized a pre-/post-test design, assigning participants to either the intervention or the control group. The ToM intervention involved targeted activities to enhance ToM abilities. ToM abilities and social–emotional functioning were assessed using standardized tests and self-report questionnaires. Statistical analyses compared outcomes between the intervention and no intervention groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Outcomes & Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings reveal subjective improvements in social–emotional functioning among the D/HH intervention group. However, no significant effects on objective ToM measures were observed. These results highlight the need for further investigation and refinement of interventions in these areas. Future research should focus on improving intervention strategies and exploring additional objective measures to gain a comprehensive understanding of the intervention's impact on ToM and social–emotional functioning in this population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions & Implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The ToM intervention shows subjective benefits in improving social–emotional functioning among D/HH adolescents. However, it does not yield significant effects on objective ToM measures. These findings emphasize the ongoing need to refine interventions targeting ToM abilities and social–emotional functioning in this population. Future studies should explore alternative strategies and incorporate additional objective measures to enhance understanding and outcom","PeriodicalId":49182,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders","volume":"59 4","pages":"1436-1451"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1460-6984.13011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139492545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paola Zanchi, Gaia Giulia Angela Sacco, Gaia Silibello, Paola Francesca Ajmone, Maria Antonella Costantino, Paola Giovanna Vizziello, Laura Zampini
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>Maternal input plays an important role in influencing linguistic development during the first years of life, and it is evident that mothers adapt their language according to their child's characteristics. Recently, it was demonstrated that maternal input addressed to children with sex chromosome trisomies (SCTs) at 8 months of age is prosodically and functionally different from that addressed to typically developing (TD) peers.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Aims</h3> <p>The study aimed at analysing maternal input at 24 months when the presence of a language delay could be more evident than during the preverbal stage. We were interested in examining if maternal input was influenced by a diagnosis of SCT (by comparing children with SCT and TD children) or by children's linguistic level (by comparing children with weak lexical ability versus children with typical lexical ability regardless of the presence of genetic diagnosis).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods and Procedures</h3> <p>Forty-four mother–child dyads in which the children had an SCT and 20 mother–child dyads in which the children were TD participated in the study. Of these 64 dyads, 23 children (21 with SCTs and two TD children) formed the group of children with weak lexical ability (children with a vocabulary size lower than 50 words at 24 months). Maternal utterances were collected during one video-recorded play session and were then coded considering both the linguistic and functional features of the input.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Outcomes and Results</h3> <p>The results showed that the input addressed to 24-month-old children with SCTs is as rich and complex as that addressed to TD peers. Moreover, no significant differences in the functions expressed by maternal input were found (all <i>p</i><sub>s</sub> > 0.05). Comparing the children with weak lexical ability and the children with typical lexical ability in our sample, having a poor vocabulary at 24 months of age showed a significant influence on the maternal input features: the input addressed to children with weak lexical ability was characterised by a higher presence of attention getters (U = 217.00, <i>p</i> = 0.007) and a lower proportion of questions (U = 236.00, <i>p</i> = 0.017) than that of mothers of typically-talking children.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions and Implications</h3> <p>At 24 months of age, it seems that the presence of a language delay and not belonging to the clinical group of children with SCTs influences the functional characteristics of the mat
{"title":"Maternal input to 24-month-old children with sex chromosome trisomies","authors":"Paola Zanchi, Gaia Giulia Angela Sacco, Gaia Silibello, Paola Francesca Ajmone, Maria Antonella Costantino, Paola Giovanna Vizziello, Laura Zampini","doi":"10.1111/1460-6984.13012","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1460-6984.13012","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Maternal input plays an important role in influencing linguistic development during the first years of life, and it is evident that mothers adapt their language according to their child's characteristics. Recently, it was demonstrated that maternal input addressed to children with sex chromosome trisomies (SCTs) at 8 months of age is prosodically and functionally different from that addressed to typically developing (TD) peers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study aimed at analysing maternal input at 24 months when the presence of a language delay could be more evident than during the preverbal stage. We were interested in examining if maternal input was influenced by a diagnosis of SCT (by comparing children with SCT and TD children) or by children's linguistic level (by comparing children with weak lexical ability versus children with typical lexical ability regardless of the presence of genetic diagnosis).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Procedures</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty-four mother–child dyads in which the children had an SCT and 20 mother–child dyads in which the children were TD participated in the study. Of these 64 dyads, 23 children (21 with SCTs and two TD children) formed the group of children with weak lexical ability (children with a vocabulary size lower than 50 words at 24 months). Maternal utterances were collected during one video-recorded play session and were then coded considering both the linguistic and functional features of the input.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Outcomes and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results showed that the input addressed to 24-month-old children with SCTs is as rich and complex as that addressed to TD peers. Moreover, no significant differences in the functions expressed by maternal input were found (all <i>p</i><sub>s</sub> > 0.05). Comparing the children with weak lexical ability and the children with typical lexical ability in our sample, having a poor vocabulary at 24 months of age showed a significant influence on the maternal input features: the input addressed to children with weak lexical ability was characterised by a higher presence of attention getters (U = 217.00, <i>p</i> = 0.007) and a lower proportion of questions (U = 236.00, <i>p</i> = 0.017) than that of mothers of typically-talking children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At 24 months of age, it seems that the presence of a language delay and not belonging to the clinical group of children with SCTs influences the functional characteristics of the mat","PeriodicalId":49182,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders","volume":"59 4","pages":"1452-1462"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139492556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>Speech and language therapists (SLTs) and care home activities staff play key roles in managing and supporting the communication needs of older residents in care homes. However, the current practice and perspectives of these two professions in the United Kingdom has not been examined.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Aims</h3> <p>To investigate the practice patterns and views of SLTs and activities staff working in UK care homes for older adults in relation to residents’ communication needs.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods and Procedures</h3> <p>Two online surveys, with 63 questions (SLT survey) and 46 questions (activities staff survey) in total, were created using the online platform Qualtrics. Participants were asked to consider their routine practice before COVID-19. Results were analysed using descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Outcomes and Results</h3> <p>A total of 116 valid responses were received from SLTs and 29 valid responses from activities staff. A high level of communication needs in care homes was reported by both participant groups, as was insufficient time and resources and lack of managerial encouragement in this area. SLTs reported that the majority of referrals to their service from care homes was for swallowing needs (70%). Cognitive communication difficulty was the most commonly reported communication need by SLTs (65%). Most SLTs (73%–87%) provided some level of communication intervention and considered management of residents’ communication needs to be both part of the SLT role and a good investment of their time. Lack of confidence setting goals and providing direct intervention for communication needs was reported, with 25% feeling stressed at the thought of this. The main themes from free text responses about SLT service improvement were increased staff training, funding (of resources and specialist posts) and changes to service provision (referral criteria and accessibility/awareness of SLT service). Hearing impairment was the communication need most commonly reported by activities staff (43%). Participants demonstrated relatively high awareness of communication difficulty in residents and reported high levels of knowledge and confidence identifying and supporting residents’ communication. Most (79%–89%) considered identifying and supporting the communication needs of residents to be part of their role and expressed interest in receiving further training in communication support. The reported activities staff data set may be p
{"title":"Communication support in care homes for older adults: Views and reported practices of speech and language therapists and care home activities staff in the UK","authors":"Lydia Davis, Nicola Botting, Madeline Cruice, Lucy Dipper","doi":"10.1111/1460-6984.13010","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1460-6984.13010","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Speech and language therapists (SLTs) and care home activities staff play key roles in managing and supporting the communication needs of older residents in care homes. However, the current practice and perspectives of these two professions in the United Kingdom has not been examined.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the practice patterns and views of SLTs and activities staff working in UK care homes for older adults in relation to residents’ communication needs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Procedures</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two online surveys, with 63 questions (SLT survey) and 46 questions (activities staff survey) in total, were created using the online platform Qualtrics. Participants were asked to consider their routine practice before COVID-19. Results were analysed using descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Outcomes and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 116 valid responses were received from SLTs and 29 valid responses from activities staff. A high level of communication needs in care homes was reported by both participant groups, as was insufficient time and resources and lack of managerial encouragement in this area. SLTs reported that the majority of referrals to their service from care homes was for swallowing needs (70%). Cognitive communication difficulty was the most commonly reported communication need by SLTs (65%). Most SLTs (73%–87%) provided some level of communication intervention and considered management of residents’ communication needs to be both part of the SLT role and a good investment of their time. Lack of confidence setting goals and providing direct intervention for communication needs was reported, with 25% feeling stressed at the thought of this. The main themes from free text responses about SLT service improvement were increased staff training, funding (of resources and specialist posts) and changes to service provision (referral criteria and accessibility/awareness of SLT service). Hearing impairment was the communication need most commonly reported by activities staff (43%). Participants demonstrated relatively high awareness of communication difficulty in residents and reported high levels of knowledge and confidence identifying and supporting residents’ communication. Most (79%–89%) considered identifying and supporting the communication needs of residents to be part of their role and expressed interest in receiving further training in communication support. The reported activities staff data set may be p","PeriodicalId":49182,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders","volume":"59 4","pages":"1404-1421"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1460-6984.13010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139479283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Siobhan Ludlow, Leanne-Jo Holmes, Lauren Simpson, Stephen J. Fowler, Lucie Byrne-Davis
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>Inducible laryngeal obstruction causes narrowing of the laryngeal aperture in response to external triggers. Outcomes are measured in inducible laryngeal obstruction to monitor changes in health status over time.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>This study is a scoping review based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology. The review will be guided by the following research question: ‘What health outcomes are measured in studies including people with inducible laryngeal obstruction?’ The research question was validated using the Population-Concept-Context framework according to the methodology for Joanna Briggs Institution Scoping Reviews. Relevant peer-reviewed studies and grey literature conducted over the last 40 years will be identified from electronic databases including AMED, CINAHL, Embase, EMCARE, MEDLINE, OVID, PubMed and PsycINFO. The search strings ‘inducible laryngeal obstruction’, ‘ILO’, ‘vocal cord dysfunction’, ‘VCD’, ‘paradoxical vocal fold motion’, ‘PVFM’, ‘outcome’, ‘measure’, ‘measurement instrument’, ‘assessment’, ‘scale’, ‘questionnaire’ will be combined using Boolean logic. An independent reviewer will conduct title screening; two independent reviewers will conduct abstract and full article screening, followed by data extraction by two reviewers. Analyses will be conducted appropriate to the findings.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Discussion</h3> <p>The review will document evidence of health outcomes measured in inducible laryngeal obstruction, identifying measurement characteristics and potential utility. Collating studies may identify gaps in coverage, the need for novel tools, and for standardisation for clinical and research purposes.</p> </section> <section> <h3> WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS</h3> <section> <h3> What is already known on the subject</h3> <div> <ul> <li>Inducible laryngeal obstruction causes narrowing of the laryngeal aperture in response to external triggers. Outcomes are measured in inducible laryngeal obstruction to monitor changes in health status over time. Currently, there are no standardised outcome measures for measuring the effects of interventions in inducible laryngeal obstruction (ILO).</li> </ul> </div> </section> <section> <h3> What thi
{"title":"Protocol for a scoping review to map health outcomes in individuals with inducible laryngeal obstruction","authors":"Siobhan Ludlow, Leanne-Jo Holmes, Lauren Simpson, Stephen J. Fowler, Lucie Byrne-Davis","doi":"10.1111/1460-6984.13007","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1460-6984.13007","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Inducible laryngeal obstruction causes narrowing of the laryngeal aperture in response to external triggers. Outcomes are measured in inducible laryngeal obstruction to monitor changes in health status over time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study is a scoping review based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology. The review will be guided by the following research question: ‘What health outcomes are measured in studies including people with inducible laryngeal obstruction?’ The research question was validated using the Population-Concept-Context framework according to the methodology for Joanna Briggs Institution Scoping Reviews. Relevant peer-reviewed studies and grey literature conducted over the last 40 years will be identified from electronic databases including AMED, CINAHL, Embase, EMCARE, MEDLINE, OVID, PubMed and PsycINFO. The search strings ‘inducible laryngeal obstruction’, ‘ILO’, ‘vocal cord dysfunction’, ‘VCD’, ‘paradoxical vocal fold motion’, ‘PVFM’, ‘outcome’, ‘measure’, ‘measurement instrument’, ‘assessment’, ‘scale’, ‘questionnaire’ will be combined using Boolean logic. An independent reviewer will conduct title screening; two independent reviewers will conduct abstract and full article screening, followed by data extraction by two reviewers. Analyses will be conducted appropriate to the findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The review will document evidence of health outcomes measured in inducible laryngeal obstruction, identifying measurement characteristics and potential utility. Collating studies may identify gaps in coverage, the need for novel tools, and for standardisation for clinical and research purposes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> What is already known on the subject</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Inducible laryngeal obstruction causes narrowing of the laryngeal aperture in response to external triggers. Outcomes are measured in inducible laryngeal obstruction to monitor changes in health status over time. Currently, there are no standardised outcome measures for measuring the effects of interventions in inducible laryngeal obstruction (ILO).</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> What thi","PeriodicalId":49182,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders","volume":"59 4","pages":"1398-1403"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1460-6984.13007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139479289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pamela D'Netto, Emma Finch, Anna Rumbach, David A. Copland
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>Endovascular clot retrieval (ECR) is known to reduce global disability at 3 months post stroke however limited research exists regarding the trajectory of specific clinical impairments including language, swallowing and cognitive deficits between onset and 3 months.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Aims</h3> <p>To assess language, swallowing, and cognitive performance following ECR and explore whether impairment severity is correlated with modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score (mTICI), stroke severity or quality of life (QoL).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>Assessment was completed within 7 days (T1), 1 month (T2) and 3 months (T3) post-stroke. Performance was measured with the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), Repeatable Battery for Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), Trail Making Test (TMT A and B) and Brixton Spatial Awareness Test. The Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) was used for left hemisphere stroke. QoL was measured with the Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Twenty-five participants (median 72 years; 64% male) were prospectively recruited following ECR. High reperfusion success (68% mTICI 3) and low stroke severity post ECR (median 24 h NIHSS = 3, IQR 7–18) were noted. At T1, 10 participants presented with aphasia, eight required a modified diet and 20 had impaired cognition. At T3 all had recovered to a normal oral diet, 39% had persistent cognitive impairment and 45% of patients with left hemisphere stroke remained aphasic. Performance on the WAB, FOIS, RBANS and TMT changed significantly over time (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). The severity score at T1 for all measures, excluding TMT B and Brixton, was significantly correlated with 24 h NIHSS. WAB scores at T3 were correlated with QoL (<i>r</i> = 0.618; <i>p</i> = 0.043).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusion</h3> <p>This exploratory study found the longitudinal performance of language, swallowing and cognition significantly improved over time and severity in the first-week post-ECR was correlated with 24 h NIHSS rather than the degree of reperfusion.</p> </section> <section> <h3> WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS</h3> <section> <h3> What is already known on the subject</h3> <div>
{"title":"An exploratory study of longitudinal trajectory of language, swallowing and cognition post endovascular clot retrieval","authors":"Pamela D'Netto, Emma Finch, Anna Rumbach, David A. Copland","doi":"10.1111/1460-6984.13006","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1460-6984.13006","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Endovascular clot retrieval (ECR) is known to reduce global disability at 3 months post stroke however limited research exists regarding the trajectory of specific clinical impairments including language, swallowing and cognitive deficits between onset and 3 months.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assess language, swallowing, and cognitive performance following ECR and explore whether impairment severity is correlated with modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score (mTICI), stroke severity or quality of life (QoL).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Assessment was completed within 7 days (T1), 1 month (T2) and 3 months (T3) post-stroke. Performance was measured with the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), Repeatable Battery for Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), Trail Making Test (TMT A and B) and Brixton Spatial Awareness Test. The Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) was used for left hemisphere stroke. QoL was measured with the Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-five participants (median 72 years; 64% male) were prospectively recruited following ECR. High reperfusion success (68% mTICI 3) and low stroke severity post ECR (median 24 h NIHSS = 3, IQR 7–18) were noted. At T1, 10 participants presented with aphasia, eight required a modified diet and 20 had impaired cognition. At T3 all had recovered to a normal oral diet, 39% had persistent cognitive impairment and 45% of patients with left hemisphere stroke remained aphasic. Performance on the WAB, FOIS, RBANS and TMT changed significantly over time (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). The severity score at T1 for all measures, excluding TMT B and Brixton, was significantly correlated with 24 h NIHSS. WAB scores at T3 were correlated with QoL (<i>r</i> = 0.618; <i>p</i> = 0.043).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This exploratory study found the longitudinal performance of language, swallowing and cognition significantly improved over time and severity in the first-week post-ECR was correlated with 24 h NIHSS rather than the degree of reperfusion.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> What is already known on the subject</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":49182,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders","volume":"59 4","pages":"1386-1397"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1460-6984.13006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139479364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>Classification systems in healthcare support shared understanding of conditions for clinical communication, service monitoring and development, and research. Children born with cleft palate with or without cleft lip (CP+/−L) are at high risk of developing cleft-related speech sound disorder (SSD). The way cleft-related SSD is represented and described in SSD classification systems varies. Reflecting on the potential causal pathways for different cleft-related speech features, including the role of speech processing skills, may inform how cleft-related SSD is represented in classification systems.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Aim & Approach</h3> <p>To explore and reflect on how cleft-related SSD is represented in current SSD classification systems in the context of considering how speech processing skills and other factors may be involved in causal pathways of cleft speech characteristics (CSCs).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Main Contribution</h3> <p>Variation in the representation of cleft-related SSD in classification systems is described. Potential causal pathways for passive cleft- related speech features and different active CSCs are explored. The factors involved in the development and/or persistence of different active CSCs may vary. Some factors may be specific to children born with CP+/−L, but if speech processing skills are also involved, this is an overlap with other SSD subtypes. Current evidence regarding relationships between different speech processing skills and active CSCs is limited. Implications for the representation of cleft-related SSD in SSD classification systems are discussed.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusion</h3> <p>There are different categories of cleft-related speech features which are essential to understand and identify in children with cleft-related SSD to ensure appropriate management. Representation of these feature categories in classification systems could support understanding of speech in this population. Speech processing skills could be involved in the development and/or persistence of different active CSCs in individual children. Reflection and discussion on how cleft-related SSD is represented in classification systems in relation to other SSD subtypes may inform future iterations of these systems. Further work is needed to understand factors influencing the development and/or persistence of active CSCs, including speech processing skills.</p> </section> <section> <h3> What this paper adds</h3> <section> <h3> What is already kn
{"title":"Considering the role of speech processing in cleft-related speech sound disorders: Implications for causal pathways and classification systems","authors":"Lucy Southby","doi":"10.1111/1460-6984.12993","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1460-6984.12993","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Classification systems in healthcare support shared understanding of conditions for clinical communication, service monitoring and development, and research. Children born with cleft palate with or without cleft lip (CP+/−L) are at high risk of developing cleft-related speech sound disorder (SSD). The way cleft-related SSD is represented and described in SSD classification systems varies. Reflecting on the potential causal pathways for different cleft-related speech features, including the role of speech processing skills, may inform how cleft-related SSD is represented in classification systems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim & Approach</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To explore and reflect on how cleft-related SSD is represented in current SSD classification systems in the context of considering how speech processing skills and other factors may be involved in causal pathways of cleft speech characteristics (CSCs).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Contribution</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Variation in the representation of cleft-related SSD in classification systems is described. Potential causal pathways for passive cleft- related speech features and different active CSCs are explored. The factors involved in the development and/or persistence of different active CSCs may vary. Some factors may be specific to children born with CP+/−L, but if speech processing skills are also involved, this is an overlap with other SSD subtypes. Current evidence regarding relationships between different speech processing skills and active CSCs is limited. Implications for the representation of cleft-related SSD in SSD classification systems are discussed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There are different categories of cleft-related speech features which are essential to understand and identify in children with cleft-related SSD to ensure appropriate management. Representation of these feature categories in classification systems could support understanding of speech in this population. Speech processing skills could be involved in the development and/or persistence of different active CSCs in individual children. Reflection and discussion on how cleft-related SSD is represented in classification systems in relation to other SSD subtypes may inform future iterations of these systems. Further work is needed to understand factors influencing the development and/or persistence of active CSCs, including speech processing skills.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> What this paper adds</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> What is already kn","PeriodicalId":49182,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders","volume":"59 6","pages":"2197-2207"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139418440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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