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Seismic Optimization of Concrete Gravity Dams Using a Rubber Damper 橡胶阻尼器在混凝土重力坝抗震优化中的应用
IF 1 4区 工程技术 Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2020-09-30 DOI: 10.20855/ijav.2020.25.31674
M. Khiavi, M. Ghorbani, A. Rahmati
One of the major factors in an economic project of new concrete dams and safety valuation of available dams in seismic areas is the control and dissipation of the induced hydrodynamic pressure induced by dam and reservoir interaction. As one of the main control functions, dissipating the induced hydrodynamic pressure on the upstream face of the dam is considered in the evaluations. In this paper, the effects of a rubber damper as an isolation layer on the dam’s seismic control have been investigated. For optimization of the rubber damper thickness and height, the Monte Carlo probabilistic analysis is used. The ANSYS program on the basis of finite element technique is applied for modeling and analysis. The Pine Flat dam in California, due to components of El Centro, San Fernando and North Ridge earthquake is modeled as a case study to evaluate the effect of upstream isolation layer on seismic control and optimization. The effect of the thickness and height of the rubber damper on reducing the responses is investigated and the optimum thickness and height are selected using sensitivity analysis for safe and economic design. The obtained results show the capability of the rubber damper in the seismic and hydrodynamic control of the sample model.
在震区新建混凝土坝经济工程和现有大坝安全评价中,控制和消散坝库相互作用引起的动水压力是主要因素之一。作为主要的控制功能之一,在评价中考虑了大坝上游面诱导动水压力的消散。本文研究了橡胶阻尼器作为隔震层对大坝抗震控制的影响。采用蒙特卡罗概率分析方法对橡胶阻尼器的厚度和高度进行了优化。采用基于有限元技术的ANSYS软件进行建模和分析。以受El Centro、San Fernando和North Ridge地震影响的美国加州Pine Flat大坝为例,评价了上游隔震层对地震控制和优化的影响。研究了橡胶减振器的厚度和高度对减小振动响应的影响,并通过灵敏度分析选择了减振器的最佳厚度和高度,保证了减振器的安全性和经济性。研究结果表明,橡胶阻尼器在地震和水动力控制中具有良好的性能。
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引用次数: 2
Diagnosis of Ball Bearing Faults Using Double Decomposition Technique 用二重分解技术诊断滚珠轴承故障
IF 1 4区 工程技术 Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2020-09-30 DOI: 10.20855/ijav.2020.25.31609
T. Dovedi, R. Upadhyay
The rolling element bearing is one of the most significant components of any rotating machinery. However, the foremost cause of malfunction in any rotating machine is due to defects like cracks, dents, spall, pits, etc. in ball bearings. Early diagnosis of these bearing faults is highly essential to avoid an accidental shutdown of rotating machinery. In the present work, a novel technique of bearing fault diagnosis is proposed following double decomposition of the vibration activity. The experimentally recorded vibration signals are processed through two stages of decomposition viz. Empirical Mode Decomposition and Tunable Q-factor Wavelet Transform based Time-Frequency decomposition. Subsequently, sub-bands of decomposed time-frequency activity are acquired and discriminable features are computed. Fractal Dimension (FD) based features are extracted from each decomposed sub-band as complexity measures of time-frequency sub-bands. In order to classify bearing faults, a Support Vector Machine classifier is trained with acquired features and classification performance is evaluated. The results of classification reveal that the proposed double decomposition technique is a potential candidate in extracting viable vibration signatures for fault identification. The study is conducted on Case Western Reserve University bearing datasets.
滚动轴承是任何旋转机械中最重要的部件之一。然而,在任何旋转机器故障的主要原因是由于缺陷,如裂纹,凹痕,剥落,凹坑等球轴承。这些轴承故障的早期诊断是非常必要的,以避免意外停机的旋转机械。本文提出了一种基于振动活度双重分解的轴承故障诊断方法。实验记录的振动信号通过经验模态分解和基于可调q因子小波变换的时频分解两个阶段进行处理。然后,获取分解后的时频活动子带,计算可判别特征。从每个分解子带提取基于分形维数(FD)的特征作为时频子带的复杂度度量。为了对轴承故障进行分类,利用获得的特征训练支持向量机分类器,并对分类性能进行评价。分类结果表明,本文提出的双分解方法是一种可行的故障识别振动特征提取方法。该研究是在凯斯西储大学轴承数据集上进行的。
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引用次数: 3
Experimental Investigation of Piezoelectric Micropumps with Single, Series or Parallel Pump Chambers 单、串联或并联泵室压电微泵的实验研究
IF 1 4区 工程技术 Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2020-09-30 DOI: 10.20855/ijav.2020.25.31688
Yanfang Guan, Mingyang Bai, Xiangxin Meng, Yansheng Liu, Fengqian Xu
Three types of piezoelectric micropumps following different configurations: single, series, and parallel connection, are developed and investigated. All the micropumps are fabricated by wet etching technology and sealed by high temperature glass bonding. They share the same dimension characteristic of diffuser/nozzle microchannels. Verifying the impact of adding series or parallel connected pump chambers on single chambers, as well as verifying the performance of the flow rate, pressure and piezoelectric transducer vibration of three micropumps have been examined. Through the comparisons between three kinds of micropumps, the results show that the flow rate of the micropumps with parallel connected pump chambers have a higher flow rate than that of micropumps with single and serial connected pump chambers under the same driving conditions. In addition, both the flow rate and pressure with the serial micropump are the lowest. The pressure of the micropump with single pump chamber is larger than other kinds of micropumps at certain driving frequencies. Consequently, increasing the pump chambers cannot always increase the performance of the micropump. This coincides with the theory analysis. Finally, the vibration performance of piezoelectric transducers with three micropumps have been carried out. The parallel transducer has a higher vibration displacement than the other two kinds of micropumps. These results have great potentials for integration into labs with a chip or microfluidic driven systems.
开发并研究了三种不同结构的压电微泵:单、串联和并联。所有的微泵都是通过湿法刻蚀技术制造的,并通过高温玻璃键合进行密封。它们具有与扩散器/喷嘴微通道相同的尺寸特性。验证了增加串联或并联泵室对单室的影响,以及验证了三个微型泵的流量、压力和压电换能器振动的性能。通过对三种微型泵的比较,结果表明,在相同的驱动条件下,具有并联泵室的微型泵的流量高于具有单泵室和串联泵室的小型泵的流量。此外,串联微型泵的流量和压力都是最低的。在一定的驱动频率下,单泵室微型泵的压力比其他类型的微型泵大。因此,增加泵室不能总是提高微型泵的性能。这与理论分析不谋而合。最后,对三个微泵压电换能器的振动性能进行了测试。并联换能器具有比其他两种微泵更高的振动位移。这些结果在集成到具有芯片或微流体驱动系统的实验室中具有巨大潜力。
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引用次数: 2
Tuned Gyro-Pendulum Stabilizer for Control of Vibrations in Structures 用于结构振动控制的调谐陀螺摆稳定器
IF 1 4区 工程技术 Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2020-09-30 DOI: 10.20855/ijav.2020.25.31632
F. Unker
A special combined gyro-pendulum stabilizer (a gyroscope with coupling to a pendulum) mounted on a vibrating mass is considered for investigation of the vibration responses. This paper mainly focuses on the derivation of the frequency equations and on finding the required angular momentum for vibration control of the system. Besides, there is also an ANSYS simulation model of gyro-pendulum, which was built to verify the mathematical model. The dynamic responses of both that obtained from ANSYS simulation and that obtained from numerical solving of a Lagrangian mathematical model are analyzed comparatively. The angular momentum (ΩIp), in relation to the natural frequency (ωn) of the primary mass, shows that this vibration control device is more adaptable than other conventional ones by producing unidirectional thrust along the forcing excitation axis whilst the gyroscope is spinning.
为了研究振动响应,考虑了一种安装在振动质量上的特殊组合陀螺-摆锤稳定器(一种与摆耦合的陀螺)。本文主要研究频率方程的推导和系统振动控制所需的角动量的求解。此外,还建立了陀螺摆的ANSYS仿真模型,对数学模型进行了验证。比较分析了ANSYS仿真和拉格朗日数学模型数值求解的动力响应。与主质量的固有频率(ωn)相关的角动量(ΩIp)表明,该振动控制装置比其他传统装置更具适应性,因为在陀螺仪旋转时,沿强迫激励轴产生单向推力。
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引用次数: 5
Identification of Vibration Modes of Quartz Crystal Plates with Proportion of Strain and Kinetic Energies 用应变和动能的比例识别石英晶体板的振动模式
IF 1 4区 工程技术 Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2020-09-30 DOI: 10.20855/ijav.2020.25.31671
Qi Huang, R. Wu, Li-hong Wang, Longtao Xie, Jianke Du, T. Ma, Ji Wang
For the design of quartz crystal resonators, finding and determining the vibration modes have always been very important and cumbersome. Vibration modes are usually identified through plotting displacement patterns of each coupled modes and making comparisons. Over the years, there is not much improvement in the identification procedure while tremendous efforts have been made in refining the equations of the Mindlin plate theory to obtain more accurate results, such as the adoption of the Finite Element Method (FEM) by implementing the high-order Mindlin plate equations for efficient analysis. However, due to the old fashioned mode identification method, the FEM application is still inadequate and cannot be fully automated for this purpose. To have this situation improved, a method using the proportions of strain and kinetic energies to characterize the energy level of each vibration mode is proposed. With solutions of displacements, the energy distribution of each vibration mode is calculated and the mode with the highest energy concentration at a specific frequency is designated as the dominant mode. The results have been validated with the traditional approach by plotting mode shapes at each frequency. Clearly, this energy approach will be advantageous with the FEM analysis for vibration mode identification automatically.
在石英晶体谐振器的设计中,振动模态的寻找和确定一直是一个非常重要和繁琐的问题。通常通过绘制每个耦合模态的位移模式并进行比较来识别振动模态。多年来,辨识程序并没有太大的改进,但为了得到更精确的结果,人们在完善Mindlin板理论方程方面做了大量的努力,例如采用有限元法实现高阶Mindlin板方程,以进行有效的分析。然而,由于传统的模态识别方法,有限元法的应用仍然不足,不能完全自动化。为了改善这种情况,提出了一种利用应变和动能的比例来表征各振动模态能级的方法。根据位移解,计算各振型的能量分布,指定某一特定频率下能量集中最高的振型为主导振型。用传统方法在各频率处绘制模态振型,验证了所得结果。显然,这种能量法将有利于有限元分析的振动模态自动识别。
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引用次数: 1
A Novel Deep Belief Network Model Constructed by Improved Conditional RBMs and its Application in RUL Prediction for Hydraulic Pumps 一种新的基于改进条件RBM的深度置信网络模型及其在液压泵RUL预测中的应用
IF 1 4区 工程技术 Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2020-09-30 DOI: 10.20855/ijav.2020.25.31669
He Yu, Zai-ke Tian, Hong-ru Li, Baohua Xu, An Guoqing
Residual Useful Life (RUL) prediction is a key step of Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM). Deep learning-based techniques have shown wonderful prospects on RUL prediction, although their performances depends on heavy structures and parameter tuning strategies of these deep-learning models. In this paper, we propose a novel Deep Belief Network (DBN) model constructed by improved conditional Restrict Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) and apply it in RUL prediction for hydraulic pumps. DBN is a deep probabilistic digraph neural network that consists of multiple layers of RBMs. Since RBM is an undirected graph model and there is no communication among the nodes of the same layer, the deep feature extraction capability of the original DBN model can hardly ensure the accuracy of modeling continuous data. To address this issue, the DBN model is improved by replacing RBM with the Improved Conditional RBM (ICRBM) that adds timing linkage factors and constraint variables among the nodes of the same layers on the basis of RBM. The proposed model is applied to RUL prediction of hydraulic pumps, and the results show that the prediction model proposed in this paper has higher prediction accuracy compared with traditional DBNs, BP networks, support vector machines and modified DBNs such as DEBN and GC-DBN.
剩余使用寿命(RUL)预测是基于状态维修(CBM)的关键步骤。尽管基于深度学习的技术的性能依赖于深度学习模型的重结构和参数调优策略,但它们在RUL预测方面显示出了良好的前景。本文提出了一种基于改进条件约束玻尔兹曼机(rbm)的深度信念网络(DBN)模型,并将其应用于液压泵RUL预测。DBN是一种由多层rbm组成的深度概率有向图神经网络。由于RBM是一种无向图模型,同一层的节点之间没有通信,原始DBN模型的深度特征提取能力很难保证连续数据建模的准确性。为了解决这个问题,对DBN模型进行了改进,将RBM替换为改进的条件RBM (improved Conditional RBM, ICRBM),在RBM的基础上在同一层的节点之间增加了时序联动因素和约束变量。将该模型应用于液压泵RUL预测,结果表明,与传统dbn、BP网络、支持向量机以及改进dbn (DEBN、GC-DBN)相比,本文提出的预测模型具有更高的预测精度。
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引用次数: 5
Vibration Analysis and Control of a Vibration Screed System for Asphalt Pavers 沥青摊铺机振动熨平板系统的振动分析与控制
IF 1 4区 工程技术 Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2020-09-30 DOI: 10.20855/ijav.2020.25.31649
V. Nguyen, Zhenpeng Wu, Beiping Zhang, Zhang Run
To reduce shaking of a vibration screed system (VSS) and improve the paving performance of an asphalt paver (AP), the root-mean-square (RMS) acceleration responses at points on the front and rear screed floors are analyzed via an experimental method. A 3D nonlinear dynamic model of the VSS is also built to evaluate the influence of the dynamic parameters of the VSS on the compression efficiency, paving quality, and working stability of the AP based on the objective functions of the vertical, pitching, and rolling RMS values at the centre of gravity of the screed. The angular deviations, α and γ, of the tamper are then controlled to improve the paving performance. The research results show that the excitation frequency, ft, and both angular deviations, α and γ, of the tamper strongly affect the paving performance. The compression efficiency is quickly enhanced, while both paving quality and working stability are significantly reduced with increasing the excitation frequency ft and reducing the angular deviations. α and γ. and vice versa. Additionally, the screed shaking and paving performance of the AP are remarkably improved by control of the angular deviations, α and γ, under different working conditions.
为了减少振动熨平板系统(VSS)的振动,提高沥青摊铺机(AP)的摊铺性能,通过实验方法分析了前后熨平板地板上各点的均方根加速度响应。还建立了VSS的三维非线性动态模型,以基于熨平板重心处的垂直、俯仰和滚动RMS值的目标函数来评估VSS的动态参数对AP的压缩效率、摊铺质量和工作稳定性的影响。然后控制夯实机的角度偏差α和γ,以提高摊铺性能。研究结果表明,夯锤的激励频率ft以及角度偏差α和γ对摊铺性能有很大影响。随着激励频率ft的增加和角度偏差的减小,压缩效率迅速提高,同时摊铺质量和工作稳定性显著降低。α和γ。反之亦然。此外,在不同的工作条件下,通过控制角度偏差α和γ,AP的熨平板振动和摊铺性能得到了显著改善。
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引用次数: 3
Inertial Actuator with Virtual Mass for Active Vibration Control 基于虚质量的惯性作动器振动主动控制
IF 1 4区 工程技术 Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2020-09-30 DOI: 10.20855/ijav.2020.25.31681
Qibo Mao, Shenquan Li, Shizuo Huang
Inertial actuators (IAs) are often used as control units in active noise and vibration control systems. It is wellknown that the IA’s natural frequency should be far below that of the structure under control to ensure good stability margins. However, under normal circumstances, an IA with low natural frequency either increases the additional weight or causes unwanted static displacement of the IA’s proof-mass. In this study, an IA with virtual mass is presented to reduce the IA’s natural frequency without changing its physical design. The virtual mass of the IA is realized by using the proof-mass acceleration feedback as a local loop within the IA. Thus, the IA’s natural frequency can be shifted to low frequency for active control application. The proposed IA with virtual mass is then applied to actively control a clamped beam’s vibration based on the velocity feedback control system. The experimental results show that the stability of the control system and the control performance can be improved significantly as the IA’s natural frequency is reduced with virtual mass.
惯性致动器(IA)经常被用作主动噪声和振动控制系统中的控制单元。众所周知,IA的固有频率应远低于受控结构的固有频率,以确保良好的稳定裕度。然而,在正常情况下,具有低固有频率的IA会增加额外的重量或导致IA的验证质量发生不必要的静态位移。在本研究中,提出了一种具有虚拟质量的IA,以在不改变其物理设计的情况下降低IA的固有频率。IA的虚拟质量是通过将验证质量加速度反馈作为IA内的局部回路来实现的。因此,IA的固有频率可以转移到低频,用于主动控制应用。然后将所提出的具有虚拟质量的IA应用于基于速度反馈控制系统的夹紧梁的振动主动控制。实验结果表明,采用虚拟质量降低IA的固有频率,可以显著提高控制系统的稳定性和控制性能。
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引用次数: 5
Performance Investigation of Two AE Source Location Techniques on a Planar Multilayer Structure 两种声发射定位技术在平面多层结构上的性能研究
IF 1 4区 工程技术 Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.20855/ijav.2020.25.21635
Md. Mehedi Hassan, M. I. Khan, Y. Hasemura, Md Mainul Islam
The comparisons of an AE source location performance of two widely used methods, time of arrival (TOA) and difference of arrival time (DOAT) have been analyzed in a complex planar multilayered surface. The complex surface has been prepared by covering a steel plate (SM400A) with a multilayered rubber material (Natural Rubber). The purpose of using this structure has been defined to get the comparable AE source location performance in a complicated signal propagation pathway. Both source location techniques have been conducted in a simulated AE wave propagating plane (300 mm � 200 mm in size) under Hsu-Nielsen method. Investigations reveal that the TOA technique gives several erroneous results along with good results. However, the DOAT method has produced all excellent results, even when using a complex surface. It was found since the TOA method is sensitive to constant velocity continuity, the present complex pathway leads to the velocity discontinuity, and thus, several incorrect results have been found. On the other hand, the DOAT method is dependent on the arrival time difference only, and therefore, it shows a higher performance in the source location, even in the presence of a complex structure.
在复杂的平面多层表面上,分析了两种广泛使用的方法——到达时间(TOA)和到达时间差(DOAT)的声发射源定位性能的比较。通过用多层橡胶材料(天然橡胶)覆盖钢板(SM400A)来制备复杂表面。使用这种结构的目的是在复杂的信号传播路径中获得可比较的声发射源定位性能。两种震源定位技术都是在模拟AE波传播平面(300mm� 200mm尺寸)。调查表明,TOA技术给出了几个错误的结果和良好的结果。然而,DOAT方法产生了所有优秀的结果,即使在使用复杂表面时也是如此。研究发现,由于TOA方法对恒定速度连续性敏感,目前的复杂路径导致了速度的不连续性,因此发现了一些不正确的结果。另一方面,DOAT方法仅取决于到达时间差,因此,即使在存在复杂结构的情况下,它在源位置也表现出更高的性能。
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引用次数: 3
Robust H-infinity Controller in a MRF Engine Mount for Improving the Vehicle Ride Comfort 鲁棒h -∞控制器在MRF发动机悬置中改善车辆平顺性
IF 1 4区 工程技术 Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.20855/ijav.2020.25.21592
S. Hosseini, J. Marzbanrad
In this paper, a robust controller is designed with the help of a Magnetorheological fluid (MRF) for a semi-active engine mount. To do so, an 8-DOF vehicle model is chosen in which the road roughness and engine vibration are the disturbance inputs to the system and the mass of the vehicle is taken into accounts as an uncertainty. In addition, the maximum magnitude and frequency of the force applied to the vehicle body by the actuators are limited in the ranges of 0~1500N and 0~10Hz, respectively. To validate such a design, the proposed controller is compared with a PID controller. The comparison results show that the proposed controller has a good performance while dealing with uncertainties such a way that using it leads to transmitting the engine vibration frequency less than 6%. It is also shown that the vibrations due to disturbances entering the system are effectively reduced in the system including the proposed controller.
本文利用磁流变液(MRF)为半主动发动机悬置设计了鲁棒控制器。为此,选择了一个8自由度车辆模型,其中路面粗糙度和发动机振动是系统的干扰输入,并且考虑了车辆质量作为不确定性。此外,执行器施加在车身上的力的最大幅度和频率分别限制在0~1500N和0~10Hz范围内。为了验证这种设计,将所提出的控制器与PID控制器进行比较。对比结果表明,所设计的控制器在处理不确定性时具有良好的性能,使发动机振动频率的传递小于6%。研究还表明,在包含该控制器的系统中,由于干扰而进入系统的振动有效地减少了。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
International Journal of Acoustics and Vibration
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