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Are there any differences in rural development challenges within European countries? Social and economic contexts from EU rural leaders 欧洲各国在农村发展挑战方面是否存在差异?来自欧盟农村领导人的社会和经济背景
IF 1.5 4区 经济学 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-07-12 DOI: 10.22434/ifamr2021.0147
Tomasz Kusio, J. Kudełko, Alexandra Borges, Anamarija Delić, I. Stroila
Rural development has become a significant policy challenge in Europe. More employment opportunities have increasingly been concentrated in urban areas, leaving rural regions with ever-continuing down-fall in terms of population size and economic growth. In this context, rural entrepreneurship activity that positively influences rural communities is embedded in broader social or structural policies at the European level. The aim of the article is to investigate societal and economic challenges and their innovative solutions in five European rural regions: Croatia (Slovania), Germany (Münsterland, Saxony-Anhalt), Poland (Małopolska), and Portugal (Alto Minho). This study follows a multi-case method which investigates the diversity of challenges and solutions in selected European rural areas. The comparative analysis reveals that most essential activities aimed at alleviating the development problems of rural areas include education of local communities, improvement of economic and digital infrastructure, activities supporting production and promotion of local products, promotion of cooperation between local communities and producers, and stronger orientation of local policy towards financial support of production enterprises and farms. The conclusions resulting from the study lead to formulating recommendations concerning rural policies in the context of developing entrepreneurship strategies in rural areas.
农村发展已成为欧洲面临的一项重大政策挑战。更多的就业机会越来越多地集中在城市地区,使农村地区的人口规模和经济增长不断下降。在这方面,对农村社区产生积极影响的农村创业活动被纳入欧洲一级更广泛的社会或结构政策。这篇文章的目的是调查五个欧洲农村地区的社会和经济挑战及其创新解决方案:克罗地亚(斯洛文尼亚),德国( nsterland,萨克森-安哈尔特),波兰(Małopolska)和葡萄牙(上米尼奥)。本研究采用多案例方法,在选定的欧洲农村地区调查挑战和解决方案的多样性。对比分析表明,缓解农村发展问题的最基本活动包括对当地社区的教育、改善经济和数字基础设施、支持当地产品生产和推广的活动、促进当地社区与生产者之间的合作、以及地方政策对生产企业和农场的金融支持的更强导向。这项研究得出的结论有助于在制定农村创业战略的背景下制定有关农村政策的建议。
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引用次数: 2
Sustainable value creation – a farm case on business model innovation 可持续价值创造——商业模式创新的农场案例
IF 1.5 4区 经济学 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-06-23 DOI: 10.22434/ifamr2021.0114
F. Fernqvist, V. Sadovska, Per-Anders Langendahl
The agricultural sector in Sweden, as elsewhere, is affected by increased intensification and specialisation, leading to fewer and larger farms. The majority of agricultural firms acquire profits by pushing an economies of scale strategy, which is not always possible for small farms. However, there are alternative strategies. This teaching case focuses on a small farm in Sweden and offers students an opportunity to study the management of business model innovation in this context. The case explores the value creation strategy of a cattle farm and applies activities such as mapping a business model, developing suggestions for business model innovation, analysing existing and lacking managerial competences and pinpointing implications for agricultural policy. As a result, profitability, competitiveness and sustainability of the study farm should be achieved, together with acquisition of knowledge and skills by its owner. This educational case is suitable for agricultural students of different levels requiring knowledge of business and management.
瑞典的农业部门和其他地方一样,受到集约化和专业化程度提高的影响,导致农场数量减少,规模扩大。大多数农业公司通过推行规模经济战略来获取利润,这对小农场来说并不总是可行的。然而,也有其他的策略。本教学案例以瑞典的一个小农场为重点,为学生提供了一个在此背景下研究商业模式创新管理的机会。本案例探讨了养牛场的价值创造战略,并应用了诸如绘制商业模式、为商业模式创新提出建议、分析现有和缺乏的管理能力以及确定对农业政策的影响等活动。因此,应该实现研究农场的盈利能力、竞争力和可持续性,并使其所有者获得知识和技能。本教育案例适合不同层次的农业学生,对商业和管理知识有一定的要求。
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引用次数: 0
Traceability issues of honey from the consumers’ perspective in Romania 从罗马尼亚消费者的角度看蜂蜜的可追溯性问题
IF 1.5 4区 经济学 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-06-23 DOI: 10.22434/ifamr2021.0145
C. Pocol, Peter Šedík, Alexandra-Ioana Glogovețan, I. Brumă
The Romanian honey market is facing a problem related to traceability, especially when honey is produced in more than one country and its origin is indicated as a blend of EC and non-EC honeys. The increase of honey adulteration has consequences on both consumers and honey producers with considerable negative effects. The aim of the study was to identify the factors that influence honey purchasing behaviour and to evaluate consumers’ awareness related to honey adulteration in Romania among selected age segments. An online survey was conducted between 2020-2021 on a sample of 1,233 respondents. The questionnaire covered aspects related to purchasing behaviour and honey adulteration, complemented with socio-demographic questions. The data were evaluated using descriptive, non-parametric and multivariate statistics. The results showed that the most important factors considered during the purchasing process by Romanian honey consumers were health factor and country of origin followed by producer reputation and ecological aspect, while the least important were discounts, promotion and brand reputation. The older respondents are more aware of honey adulteration and know better that crystallisation is an indicator of quality. This study provides important information for policymakers and the whole beekeeping chain in Romania. Education in terms of honey authenticity and traceability will help consumers to choose local honey of high quality and to avoid adulterated products. This consumption and purchasing behaviour will discourage producers from honey counterfeiting.
罗马尼亚蜂蜜市场正面临着一个与可追溯性有关的问题,特别是当蜂蜜在多个国家生产,其原产地显示为欧共体和非欧共体蜂蜜的混合物时。蜂蜜掺假的增加对消费者和蜂蜜生产商都产生了相当大的负面影响。该研究的目的是确定影响蜂蜜购买行为的因素,并评估罗马尼亚选定年龄组消费者对蜂蜜掺假的认识。2020年至2021年期间,对1233名受访者进行了一项在线调查。调查表涉及与购买行为和蜂蜜掺假有关的方面,并附有社会人口问题。使用描述性、非参数和多元统计对数据进行评估。结果表明,罗马尼亚蜂蜜消费者在购买过程中考虑的最重要因素是健康因素和原产国,其次是生产商声誉和生态方面,而最不重要的是折扣、促销和品牌声誉。年龄较大的受访者更了解蜂蜜掺假,更清楚结晶是质量的一个指标。这项研究为罗马尼亚的决策者和整个养蜂链提供了重要的信息。关于蜂蜜真实性和可追溯性的教育将帮助消费者选择高质量的本地蜂蜜,避免掺假产品。这种消费和购买行为将阻止生产者伪造蜂蜜。
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引用次数: 4
Students’ perception towards IFAMA agribusiness case study competition: do culture, discipline, and training experience matter? 学生对IFAMA农业企业案例研究竞赛的看法:文化、纪律和培训经验重要吗?
IF 1.5 4区 经济学 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-04-26 DOI: 10.22434/ifamr2021.0141
Zhanguo Zhu, Chung-Chou Tsai, Yue Wang
Case study competition is an effective tool used in higher educational institutions to augment students’ learning experience. Although many studies have explored this phenomenon in business and management discipline, no study has been conducted in agribusiness yet. The current research is conducted to explore students’ perceptions towards agribusiness case study based on cognitive ability, affective ability and development ability. It further explores how cultural difference, students’ discipline, and training experience influence participants’ perceived benefits. Using online survey and a face-to-face interview, it selected 65 participants who had the experience of the agribusiness case study competition. According to students perception, it is apparent that culture had shown main effect in all aspects, while discipline only made a significant difference in development ability. The qualitative analysis unveiled that students preferred to be trained by advisors belonging to field of agricultural economics and management, and are enthusiastic to deal with the real business world issues, and also hold experience of past competitions. Based on these findings, this study may provide guidelines to educators and organizers to improve the case study method of learning and teaching, and efficiently planned the strategies required for competition.
案例研究竞赛是高等教育机构用来增加学生学习经验的有效工具。虽然在商业和管理学科中有很多研究对这一现象进行了探讨,但在农业综合企业中还没有进行过研究。本研究从认知能力、情感能力和发展能力三个方面探讨学生对农商案例学习的认知。进一步探讨了文化差异、学生纪律和培训经历对参与者感知利益的影响。通过在线调查和面对面访谈,它选择了65名具有农业综合企业案例研究竞赛经验的参与者。根据学生的感知,文化在各个方面都发挥了主要作用,而纪律只在发展能力方面产生了显著的差异。定性分析显示,学生更倾向于接受农业经济管理领域的指导老师的培训,并且对处理实际的商业世界问题充满热情,并且拥有以往比赛的经验。基于这些发现,本研究可以为教育工作者和组织者提供指导,以改进学习和教学的案例研究方法,并有效地规划竞争所需的策略。
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引用次数: 0
Broiler production systems in Ghana: economics and the impact of frozen chicken imports 加纳肉鸡生产系统:经济学和冷冻鸡肉进口的影响
IF 1.5 4区 经济学 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-04-19 DOI: 10.22434/ifamr2021.0142
Craig Chibanda, M. Almadani, P. Thobe, C. Wieck
Chicken meat consumption in Ghana has significantly increased in the last two decades. However, production has stagnated, and domestic producers are struggling to satisfy the local market. Consequently, Ghana is dependent on chicken imports. The imports have attracted criticism as they are believed to be negatively affecting producers. This paper uses typical farms to analyze broiler production systems in Ghana and the impact of chicken imports. The typical farms represent the most common broiler production systems in the most important producing regions (Accra, Kumasi, and Dormaa). Large-scale integrated, medium-scale, and small-scale production systems were identified as the most common broiler production systems. The study demonstrates that feed and day-old chick costs are the most significant production cost items. The study also shows that broiler production is profitable for all systems when only considering cash-costs. Medium-scale farms located in Dormaa are unprofitable in the medium and long-term, when depreciation and opportunity costs are reflected, respectively. Cost comparisons show that imports make it difficult for broiler producers to market their chickens in the local market throughout the whole year. Therefore, broiler production in Ghana is seasonal. Furthermore, small-scale producers are the most negatively affected by the competition from the imports.
在过去的二十年里,加纳的鸡肉消费量显著增加。然而,生产停滞不前,国内生产商正在努力满足当地市场。因此,加纳依赖鸡肉进口。这些进口受到了批评,因为它们被认为对生产商产生了负面影响。本文使用典型的农场来分析加纳的肉鸡生产系统和鸡肉进口的影响。典型养殖场代表了最重要产区(阿克拉、库马西和多马)最常见的肉鸡生产系统。大型综合、中等规模和小规模生产系统被确定为最常见的肉鸡生产系统。研究表明,饲料成本和日龄鸡成本是最重要的生产成本项目。该研究还表明,如果只考虑现金成本,肉鸡生产对所有系统都是有利可图的。如果计入折旧成本和机会成本,Dormaa的中型农场在中长期内是无利可图的。成本比较表明,进口使肉鸡生产商难以全年在当地市场销售他们的鸡。因此,加纳的肉鸡生产是季节性的。此外,小规模生产者受到进口产品竞争的最不利影响。
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引用次数: 6
Risk and return of heterogenous farmland locations and qualities 异质农田位置和质量的风险与回报
IF 1.5 4区 经济学 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-04-07 DOI: 10.22434/ifamr2021.0051
Ashraf Noumir, M. Langemeier
Using data on farmland values in Indiana and Iowa, this study examines the risk and return characteristics surrounding top, medium, and poor farmland qualities in different locations in these two states. We find that systematic risks of locations/qualities are very low (indistinguishable from 0). In terms of risk-adjusted return, our results show that Indiana farmland has more excess return and higher reward-to-risk ratios than Iowa. Also, adding the quality dimension to the geographic dimension in portfolio selection strategies improved the portfolio reward-to-risk ratio for Indiana but not for Iowa. Interestingly, we found that the average quality farmland has more weight in portfolios relative to top- and poor-quality farmland.
利用印第安纳州和爱荷华州的农田价值数据,本研究考察了这两个州不同地点围绕顶级、中等和较差农田质量的风险和回报特征。我们发现,地点/品质的系统风险非常低(与0几乎没有区别)。在风险调整后的回报方面,我们的结果表明,印第安纳州的农田比爱荷华州有更多的超额回报和更高的风险回报比。此外,在投资组合选择策略中,将质量维度加入地理维度提高了印第安纳州的投资组合风险回报比,但对爱荷华州没有改善。有趣的是,我们发现,相对于优质和劣质农田,平均质量农田在投资组合中的权重更大。
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引用次数: 1
Exploring multiple drivers of cooperative governance: a paired case comparison of vegetable growing cooperatives in the UK and China 探索合作治理的多重驱动因素:中英蔬菜种植合作社的配对案例比较
IF 1.5 4区 经济学 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-03-28 DOI: 10.22434/ifamr2020.0175
Q. Liang, Han Dong, A. Bailey, Weibin Hu, F. Jia
Farmers’ collective action via cooperatives is critical to achieving a wide range of economic and social benefits that lead to sustainable development and enhance the welfare of rural communities. Adopting a qualitative case study method, the paper compares the development and governance attributes of two cooperatives and seeks to identify how non-economic conditions explain their differences. The cases are selected from the United Kingdom and China, representing different cultural and legislation contexts, to explore the role of culture and legislation in formulating the governance of farmer cooperatives. The results demonstrate that: (1) the formation of member groups due to considerable member heterogeneity may lead to the skewed allocation of control rights and income rights; (2) legislation play an important role in formulating the governance of cooperatives; and (3) national culture potentially has influence on cooperative governance, but direct evidence is in insufficient.
农民通过合作社采取集体行动,对于实现广泛的经济和社会效益,从而实现可持续发展和提高农村社区的福利至关重要。本文采用定性案例研究方法,比较了两个合作社的发展和治理属性,并试图确定非经济条件如何解释它们的差异。这些案例来自英国和中国,代表了不同的文化和立法背景,以探讨文化和立法在制定农民合作社治理中的作用。研究结果表明:(1)由于成员异质性较大,成员群体的形成可能导致控制权和收益权的倾斜配置;(2)立法在制定合作社治理方面发挥重要作用;(3)民族文化对合作治理有潜在影响,但直接证据不足。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of smartphone use on production outsourcing: evidence from litchi farming in southern China 智能手机使用对生产外包的影响:来自中国南方荔枝种植的证据
IF 1.5 4区 经济学 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-03-28 DOI: 10.22434/ifamr2021.0155
Yihuai Cai, Yucheng Sun, Wen'e Qi, Famin Yi
There is a great deal of evidence suggesting that information and communication technology (ICT) and agricultural production outsourcing can improve farm productivity and farmers’ welfare. However, less is known about the relationship between modern ICT use and agricultural production outsourcing. Drawing upon a survey of 855 litchi growers from southern China, this study estimates the effect of smartphone use on farmers’ decisions regarding agricultural production outsourcing. A novel genetic matching method is employed to mitigate the selection bias associated with self-selected smartphone use. Our result confirms the positive role of smartphone use in increasing the number of production tasks outsourced by litchi growers. Moreover, smartphone users are more likely to outsource both labor-intensive and technology-intensive tasks than nonusers. In addition, the treatment effect of smartphone use varies with each specific litchi production task. Our findings highlight the importance of improving smartphone adoption among farmers to promote agricultural production outsourcing.
大量证据表明,信息通信技术(ICT)和农业生产外包可以提高农业生产率和农民福利。然而,人们对现代信息通信技术的使用与农业生产外包之间的关系知之甚少。根据对中国南方855名荔枝种植者的调查,本研究估计了智能手机使用对农民决定农业生产外包的影响。采用一种新的遗传匹配方法来减轻与自我选择智能手机使用相关的选择偏差。我们的研究结果证实了智能手机的使用在增加荔枝种植者外包的生产任务数量方面的积极作用。此外,智能手机用户比非用户更有可能将劳动密集型和技术密集型任务外包出去。此外,使用智能手机的治疗效果因荔枝生产任务的不同而不同。我们的研究结果强调了提高农民智能手机普及率以促进农业生产外包的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Organisational readiness to participate in a labelled product service cluster: a structural equation model analysis 组织准备参与标签产品服务集群:结构方程模型分析
IF 1.5 4区 经济学 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-03-18 DOI: 10.22434/ifamr2021.0124
Kaoutar Jamai, X. Gellynck, A. Abidar, H. De Steur
In the present competitive environment, organisations must inevitably progress to gain and maintain a long-term competitive advantage. Hence, organisations must embrace organisational readiness for change (ORC), which denotes the level of preparedness of an organisation to adopt a change through deploying new management strategies and new projects. This study evaluated the ORC of 70 Moroccan SMEs involved in the sector of labelled agri-food products to join a future innovative cluster. Three dimensions were employed to measure ORC, namely organisational culture, motivation, and climate. Partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to examine the impact of ORC dimensions on the perceived benefits for the firm. The findings demonstrate that the human factor appeared to be more favourably disposed to change. Organisational motivation displayed a significantly positive effect on perceived benefits through minimising production costs when working together in innovative projects. Despite this, the impact of organisational climate and culture was insignificant. This shows that the selected firms need more support to adopt new changes through integrating a new service cluster and, cooperating together in innovative projects. Our study may support SMEs, policymakers, and researchers in devising guidelines that promote better practices for the agro-food SMEs to function effectively.
在当前的竞争环境中,组织必须不可避免地取得进步,以获得和保持长期的竞争优势。因此,组织必须接受组织变革准备(ORC),这表示组织通过部署新的管理策略和新项目来采用变革的准备程度。本研究评估了70家摩洛哥中小企业在标签农业食品领域加入未来创新集群的ORC。ORC测量采用三个维度,即组织文化、组织动机和组织氛围。偏最小二乘结构方程模型(PLS-SEM)用于检验ORC维度对企业感知利益的影响。研究结果表明,人为因素似乎更倾向于改变。当在创新项目中合作时,组织动机通过最小化生产成本对感知利益表现出显著的积极影响。尽管如此,组织氛围和文化的影响是微不足道的。这表明被选中的企业需要更多的支持来通过整合新的服务集群和在创新项目上的合作来适应新的变化。我们的研究可以支持中小企业、政策制定者和研究人员制定指导方针,促进农业食品中小企业有效运作的更好实践。
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引用次数: 1
Fertilizantes Tocantins: growing in the challenging fertilizer business 肥料:在充满挑战的肥料行业中成长
IF 1.5 4区 经济学 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-03-18 DOI: 10.22434/ifamr2021.0123
M. F. Neves, Lourival Carmo Monaco Neto, Vinicius Cambaúva, Luciano Thomé e Castro, C. Lourenço
Fertilizantes Tocantins was founded by José Eduardo Motta in 2003, out of his desire of taking advantage of the fast-growing agricultural businesses in the northern region of Brazil. He had previous knowledge of the fertilizer sector due to his work in his father’s business for several years. After an impressive success and enormous growth rates until 2016, 50% plus one shares of the company were sold to EuroChem, a European fertilizer producer. This was part of Fertilizantes Tocantins’ strategy to achieve even greater and sustainable growth. In 2020 EuroChem bought the remaining shares of Fertilizantes Tocantins, becoming its sole controller. The company still maintains most of its operational structure and now is fueled with capital and other assets from EuroChem. The challenge ahead lies in being able to maintain the organizational culture and winning position while bringing the best of its controller’s assets to achieve the goal of being a leader in the Brazilian fertilizer market.
2003年,joss·爱德华多·莫塔(Eduardo Motta)出于利用巴西北部地区快速增长的农业业务的愿望,创立了fertilzantes Tocantins。由于他曾在父亲的公司工作过几年,因此他对化肥行业有所了解。在取得了令人印象深刻的成功和巨大的增长率之后,直到2016年,该公司50%加1股的股份被出售给了欧洲化肥生产商EuroChem。这是fertilzantes Tocantins实现更大、更可持续增长战略的一部分。2020年,EuroChem收购了fertilzantes Tocantins的剩余股份,成为其唯一的控股人。该公司仍保留了其大部分运营结构,现在由EuroChem的资本和其他资产推动。未来的挑战在于能够在保持组织文化和优势地位的同时,充分利用其控制人的资产,以实现成为巴西化肥市场领导者的目标。
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引用次数: 0
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International Food and Agribusiness Management Review
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