Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/19378629.2021.1959597
Chris Gewirtz, M. Paretti
Engineering education and engineering studies research has clearly articulated a need for educational reform to help new engineers understand social dimensions of their work and act as change agents. At the same time, while some practicing engineers may be committed to systemic change and service to society, they must also contend with work responsibilities which serve corporate interests and constrain change. To highlight tensions between calls for socially just engineering education and the corporate contexts constraining engineering work, this study examines the transition to work for one early career engineer. Drawing on the concept of figured worlds, we examine the under-explored relationship between the agency of individual engineers and the structure of engineering workplace culture. This structure-agency approach guides our narrative analysis of the participant’s early work experience based on five interviews across her first two years of work. Our findings illustrate the need to extend representations of both educational preparation and engineering work by unpacking the complex identity negotiations that individuals experience. In doing so, we also demonstrate the value of both the structure-agency framework and narrative methods for identity researchers in both engineering studies and engineering education.
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Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/19378629.2021.1919439
Cyrus C. M. Mody
A new year, a new volume of Engineering Studies. Fittingly, our thirteenth volume arrives at a rather inauspicious time. As my editorials for volume 12 indicate, the past year has been tumultuous – a year of constant upheavals from every direction. Yet one of the frustrations of the past year is that, despite all the tumult, toomuch has stayed the same. Inmanyways, constant change has created a new world that is just like the old one, only more so and in some of the worst ways. The feeling thatwe are stuck on a treadmill where both everything and nothing changes applies to many domains of social life, but since this is a journal of engineering studies I’ll stick to areaswhere engineers andengineeringplay some role. Yet engineers andengineering are so ubiquitous that that hardly limits my scope. To start with, the ‘tech industry’ – i.e. firms that seek to associate themselves with engineering expertise – has had another very goodyear, evenasother firmsandmany individuals haveexperiencedevenmoreeconomic precarity than usual.1 The wealthy people at the head of the tech industry have become far wealthier, exacerbating inequalities that were already problematic before the pandemic began.2 Demand for certain highly-engineered products such as semiconductor chips has surged because of the pandemic, further widening that gap (in political influence, profits, and cultural standing) between old-line manufacturing firms (particularly in the auto industry) and ascendant ‘tech’ companies like Apple.3 Meanwhile, employers’ long campaign to blur any distinction between ‘work’ and ‘life’ has only been accelerated by the pandemic. Those who can’t (or aren’t allowed to) work fromhome risk their lives byperforming their jobs;while for thosewhocanwork fromhome the distinction between work and non-work is increasingly irrelevant. And that switch to working from home is predicated on employees’ use of engineered technologies of both telepresence and surveillance. Indeed, the technologies that monitor whether employees are constantly working and students are continuously paying attention reinforce longstanding modes of surveillance and control.4 In some cases those technologies even latch onto very old ideas from phrenology!5 Indeed, we are in something of a phrenological moment, since that movement was foundational for criminology, eugenics, and the statistics underlyingmachine learning algorithms – i.e. the technical fields concernedwith some of the past year’s most-contested arenas.6 Fittingly, then, this issue of Engineering Studies is about change – and related keywords such as innovation and revolution – but it is also about stasis and the persistence of old wine in new bottles. That makes all of issue 13.1 a small and hardly adequate tribute to the scholar memorialized in Dominique Vinck’s opening obituary, Benoît Godin. For a certain segmentof our readers, Godinwas a trulymassivepresencewhodidmuch to stem the flood of uncritical innovation discourse with a dose
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Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/19378629.2021.1893915
D. Vinck
It is with sadness that I must write that Benoît Godin passed away on 5 January 2021. He was a prolific and internationally renowned researcher, known for his original work on the history of measurement statistics in science, technology and innovation; on the history of science and research concepts and models; and on cultures of quantification and metrics. In the last fifteen years of his career, he had turned his attention to the intellectual history of innovation (the idea of innovation and its theology), scrutinizing how the term innovation was used and by which actors, from Greek Antiquity to the present day. In the context of this colossal work, he showed, among other things, that the positive (‘superlative’, he said) connotation of the term is very contemporary, whereas it had rather been used as an anathema throughout history until the late 1960s or early 1970s. After a master’s degree in political science at Laval University in Canada, followed by a doctoral thesis at the SciencePolicy ResearchUnit (SPRU) of theUniversity of Sussex inGreat Britain, defended in 1994, Godin began his career as a Professor at INRS (Institut national de la recherche scientifique, center Urbanisation Culture Société, inMontreal, Canada) in 1993. A creative andprodigious scholar, hewas entirely devoted to research –his only declared hobbieswere listening to baroquemusic and taking longwalkswith his dogs –andpursued that research with the greatest intellectual rigor and honesty. He leaves an impressive contribution to the study of the history of science and innovation, including the history of the perception of science and innovation in economic theory and society. Perhaps out of modesty, he did not consider himself a historian in his own right, although he made landmark contributions to the history of ideas. He has authored numerous publications, including frequent articles in leading STS journals, as well as important monographs. To name a few: Innovation Contested: The Idea of Innovation Over the Centuries (Routledge, 2015); Models of Innovation: The History of an Idea (MIT Press, 2017); Critical Studies of Innovation: Alternative Approaches to the Pro-Innovation Bias (which we co-edited and which was published by Edward Elgar in 2017); The Invention of Technological Innovation. Languages, Discourses and Ideology in Historical Perspective (Edward Elgar, 2019); and his latest book: The Idea of Technological Innovation: A Brief Alternative History (Edward Elgar, 2020). Godin was also heavily involved in the editorial work of a dozen journals. In particular, he was for many years a member of the editorial board of the journal Innovations, Journal of Innovation Economics&Management. Hewas oneof themost committed and activemembers ofMinerva’s editorial board. Benoît Godin loved to bring together researchers fromdifferent backgrounds to embark on intellectual adventures that often aimed to shake up what he considered to be the mainstreamof research. Anunclassifiab
我必须悲伤地宣布，贝诺··戈丁于2021年1月5日去世。他是一位多产的国际知名研究员，以其在科学、技术和创新中的测量统计历史方面的原创作品而闻名;论科学史的研究理念与模式以及量化和度量的文化。在他职业生涯的最后15年里，他把注意力转向了创新的思想史(创新的概念及其神学)，仔细研究了从古希腊到现代，创新一词是如何使用的，以及由哪些行动者使用的。在这部巨著的背景下，除其他事项外，他还展示了这个词的积极含义(他说，“最高级”)是非常现代的，而直到20世纪60年代末或70年代初，它一直被用作历史上的诅咒。戈丁在加拿大拉瓦尔大学获得政治学硕士学位，并于1994年在英国苏塞克斯大学科学政策研究中心(SPRU)发表博士论文，1993年开始他的职业生涯，在INRS(位于加拿大蒙特利尔的城市化和社会文化研究中心)担任教授。他是一位富有创造力和才华横溢的学者，他全身心地投入到研究中——他唯一公开宣称的爱好是听巴洛克音乐和带着他的狗长时间散步——并以最高的智力严谨和诚实进行研究。他对科学和创新的历史研究做出了令人印象深刻的贡献，包括对科学的认识以及经济理论和社会创新的历史。也许是出于谦虚，尽管他在思想史上做出了里程碑式的贡献，但他并不认为自己是一名历史学家。他撰写了许多出版物，包括经常在领先的STS期刊上发表文章，以及重要的专著。举几个例子:有争议的创新:几个世纪以来的创新理念(劳特利奇，2015);创新模型:一个想法的历史(麻省理工学院出版社，2017);创新的批判性研究:支持创新偏见的替代方法(我们共同编辑，由爱德华·埃尔加于2017年出版);技术创新的发明。历史视角下的语言、话语和意识形态(爱德华·埃尔加，2019);以及他的最新著作:《技术创新的理念:一个简短的替代历史》(爱德华·埃尔加，2020年)。戈丁还积极参与了十几家期刊的编辑工作。特别值得一提的是，他曾多年担任《创新经济与管理期刊》(journal of Innovation Economics&Management)编委会成员。他是密涅瓦编辑委员会中最忠诚、最活跃的成员之一。贝诺·戈丁喜欢把不同背景的研究人员聚集在一起，进行智力冒险，目的往往是动摇他所认为的主流研究。作为一个无法归类的研究者，他对创新研究领域持非常批判的态度。此外，尽管他发表了文章，但他与STS的关系相对较远
{"title":"Benoît Godin (1958–2021)","authors":"D. Vinck","doi":"10.1080/19378629.2021.1893915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19378629.2021.1893915","url":null,"abstract":"It is with sadness that I must write that Benoît Godin passed away on 5 January 2021. He was a prolific and internationally renowned researcher, known for his original work on the history of measurement statistics in science, technology and innovation; on the history of science and research concepts and models; and on cultures of quantification and metrics. In the last fifteen years of his career, he had turned his attention to the intellectual history of innovation (the idea of innovation and its theology), scrutinizing how the term innovation was used and by which actors, from Greek Antiquity to the present day. In the context of this colossal work, he showed, among other things, that the positive (‘superlative’, he said) connotation of the term is very contemporary, whereas it had rather been used as an anathema throughout history until the late 1960s or early 1970s. After a master’s degree in political science at Laval University in Canada, followed by a doctoral thesis at the SciencePolicy ResearchUnit (SPRU) of theUniversity of Sussex inGreat Britain, defended in 1994, Godin began his career as a Professor at INRS (Institut national de la recherche scientifique, center Urbanisation Culture Société, inMontreal, Canada) in 1993. A creative andprodigious scholar, hewas entirely devoted to research –his only declared hobbieswere listening to baroquemusic and taking longwalkswith his dogs –andpursued that research with the greatest intellectual rigor and honesty. He leaves an impressive contribution to the study of the history of science and innovation, including the history of the perception of science and innovation in economic theory and society. Perhaps out of modesty, he did not consider himself a historian in his own right, although he made landmark contributions to the history of ideas. He has authored numerous publications, including frequent articles in leading STS journals, as well as important monographs. To name a few: Innovation Contested: The Idea of Innovation Over the Centuries (Routledge, 2015); Models of Innovation: The History of an Idea (MIT Press, 2017); Critical Studies of Innovation: Alternative Approaches to the Pro-Innovation Bias (which we co-edited and which was published by Edward Elgar in 2017); The Invention of Technological Innovation. Languages, Discourses and Ideology in Historical Perspective (Edward Elgar, 2019); and his latest book: The Idea of Technological Innovation: A Brief Alternative History (Edward Elgar, 2020). Godin was also heavily involved in the editorial work of a dozen journals. In particular, he was for many years a member of the editorial board of the journal Innovations, Journal of Innovation Economics&Management. Hewas oneof themost committed and activemembers ofMinerva’s editorial board. Benoît Godin loved to bring together researchers fromdifferent backgrounds to embark on intellectual adventures that often aimed to shake up what he considered to be the mainstreamof research. Anunclassifiab","PeriodicalId":49207,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":"6 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19378629.2021.1893915","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45408445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/19378629.2021.1916941
Megan E. Tomko, R. Nagel, W. Newstetter, Shaunna F. Smith, K. Talley, J. Linsey
This study seeks to understand the origin accounts of academic makerspaces targeted for engineering students at higher education institutions, as described from the perspective of those who played a formative role in the development of the university’s makerspace. The origin accounts of eight varied university makerspaces are investigated for their practices (or shared strategies) in the formation of a university makerspace. This study implements a semi-structured interview protocol focused on the topics of administration, access, design, and aspects unique to the makerspace. Nine leaders from eight U.S. university makerspaces participated in this study. The interview data were analysed through multiple cycles of coding, and four major themes emerged: a need allowed for a want (and vice versa), access allowed for varied learning opportunities, direction allowed for empowerment, and experimentation allowed for sustainability. To supplement the four major themes, this article presents makerspace profiles and summaries of how each space started along with a comparison chart that reports the type of institution, funding sources, access, and management models. Through juxtaposing the makerspace profiles with the emergent themes, this article provides transferrable insights regarding operational practices for academic makerspaces.
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Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/19378629.2021.1913173
S. Breslin, M. Camacho
ABSTRACT Engineering education is often decontextualized, even as it is suffused with metaphoric language and sociocultural norms and beliefs. Efforts to embed social context and sociotechnical content in engineering education are often met with resistance. We contribute to conversations about how to change dominant knowledge regimes by detailing the process by which a team grapples with efforts to change technically-focused curricula and practices in engineering education – and faculty members’ values and beliefs about them – by invoking metaphors. Metaphors of war and revolution, conversion/evangelism, and care permeate faculty discourse as they interpret and attempt to enact change. We show how these metaphors are significant in the ways that they both enable and constrain possibilities for change.
{"title":"Metaphors of Change: Navigating a Revolution in Engineering Education","authors":"S. Breslin, M. Camacho","doi":"10.1080/19378629.2021.1913173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19378629.2021.1913173","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Engineering education is often decontextualized, even as it is suffused with metaphoric language and sociocultural norms and beliefs. Efforts to embed social context and sociotechnical content in engineering education are often met with resistance. We contribute to conversations about how to change dominant knowledge regimes by detailing the process by which a team grapples with efforts to change technically-focused curricula and practices in engineering education – and faculty members’ values and beliefs about them – by invoking metaphors. Metaphors of war and revolution, conversion/evangelism, and care permeate faculty discourse as they interpret and attempt to enact change. We show how these metaphors are significant in the ways that they both enable and constrain possibilities for change.","PeriodicalId":49207,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":"53 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19378629.2021.1913173","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42674677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/19378629.2021.1882471
Miriam Schmitt
Women engineers in Germany rarely reach the higher management levels of companies. The men-dominated work culture in engineering is regarded as one of the reasons for this. In particular, because there is a masculine ‘engineering habitus’, the women’s habitus conflicts with the field-specific rules. However, successful women engineers are able to deal with and adapt to the ‘engineering habitus’ to integrate into the profession. This study examines the importance of the help of others in overcoming this problem. It asks how social support promotes the adaptation to an engineering habitus that benefits women engineers who aim to achieve leadership positions. To answer this question, qualitative interviews with women engineers who hold leadership positions were analyzed. The results reveal that the adaptation to the engineering habitus can be facilitated by the social support of various persons. In particular, supervisors, role models, and colleagues introduce women to the work culture and they give them access to higher-status persons. Partners and women’s networks provide emotional support to deal with gender-specific challenges and they help to alleviate the conflict between their roles as women, mothers, and engineers. This study deals critically with masculine norms in engineering and highlights the need for an inclusive work culture.
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Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-1005-21
{"title":"Thank You to 2020 Reviewers","authors":"","doi":"10.4085/1062-6050-1005-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-1005-21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49207,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":"i - i"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49512928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/19378629.2020.1857045
Cyrus C. M. Mody
What a year it has been! When it is all over, few people will regard 2020 as a bright spot in their memories. We are all tired, many of us are sick, and we are further from each other – literally a...
{"title":"Editorial for issue 12.3: Imagining a Different Past, Present, and Future","authors":"Cyrus C. M. Mody","doi":"10.1080/19378629.2020.1857045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19378629.2020.1857045","url":null,"abstract":"What a year it has been! When it is all over, few people will regard 2020 as a bright spot in their memories. We are all tired, many of us are sick, and we are further from each other – literally a...","PeriodicalId":49207,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Studies","volume":"12 1","pages":"151 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19378629.2020.1857045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42581665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/19378629.2020.1821696
Bernardo LLAMAS MOYA, Rosa M. Chamorro, C. Reparaz, P. Mora
The study evaluates the leadership capacity of students undertaking a master’s degree in mining engineering at the Polytechnic University of Madrid. During the past four academic years, students undertook two self-perception questionnaires. The first used Dominance, Influence, Steadiness, Conscientiousness (DISC) methodology to classify students according to two parameters: rational–irrational and extrovert–introverted. The second assessed the ability of students to apply different leadership styles described in situational leadership theory. The attitude of the students showed a preference for rational aspects, with a low innovative attitude. Their preferred leadership style is participating and coaching, rather than managing or delegating. As a result, we propose a new learning method to improve crucial skills for the next engineers such as creativity, communication, teamwork, and leadership.
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Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/19378629.2020.1821695
Núria Vallès-Peris, Miquel Doménech
In this paper we analyze imaginaries about care robots using a set of interviews with roboticists. The study of imaginaries – from a notion close to that of Castoriadis’s radical imaginary – is used as a tool to unravel ethical, political and social concerns that care robots entail. From the analysis of the interviews, our results highlight that imaginaries regarding care robots are predominantly sustained by a social process of care fragmentation. The translation of the imaginary of industry robots into the wildness of the daily life in healthcare reconfigures the comprehension of robots and their mediations. This process is intensively linked to Human Robot Collaboration (HRC) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) imaginaries of care, based on the cult of domesticity and the opposition of human caring to rational caring. We see how these fragmentations are in tension with an approach that seeks to integrate the ethics of care with technoscience, which has relevant consequences for the ethical debate on care robotics and the political significance of care in our world.
{"title":"Roboticists’ Imaginaries of Robots for Care: The Radical Imaginary as a Tool for an Ethical Discussion","authors":"Núria Vallès-Peris, Miquel Doménech","doi":"10.1080/19378629.2020.1821695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19378629.2020.1821695","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we analyze imaginaries about care robots using a set of interviews with roboticists. The study of imaginaries – from a notion close to that of Castoriadis’s radical imaginary – is used as a tool to unravel ethical, political and social concerns that care robots entail. From the analysis of the interviews, our results highlight that imaginaries regarding care robots are predominantly sustained by a social process of care fragmentation. The translation of the imaginary of industry robots into the wildness of the daily life in healthcare reconfigures the comprehension of robots and their mediations. This process is intensively linked to Human Robot Collaboration (HRC) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) imaginaries of care, based on the cult of domesticity and the opposition of human caring to rational caring. We see how these fragmentations are in tension with an approach that seeks to integrate the ethics of care with technoscience, which has relevant consequences for the ethical debate on care robotics and the political significance of care in our world.","PeriodicalId":49207,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Studies","volume":"12 1","pages":"157 - 176"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19378629.2020.1821695","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46500947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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