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Experimental investigation of fracture permeability reduction process by MICP technology with Sporosarcina pasteurii cultured by different mediums 用不同培养基培养巴氏孢子菌的 MICP 技术降低断裂渗透率过程的实验研究
IF 5.6 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11440-024-02425-6
Lei Shi, Haiyang Qiao, Xiao Yang, Bin Zhang, Jianwei Zhang

This study conducted a detailed investigation on the influence of the culture medium type on the permeability reduction effect through microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology in a single rough fracture. The differences between the Sporosarcina pasteurii cultured by two mediums were compared in terms of bacterial growth properties, permeability treatment effects, distribution characteristics of induced CaCO3, and microscopic crystal characteristics. The study revealed that the culture medium did indeed impact the permeability reduction effect when treated with MICP technology, primarily related to whether urea is added in the culture medium. Two distinct permeability reduction modes were proposed for the treatment process using Sporosarcina pasteurii cultured by different mediums through one-phase injection (mixing bacterial solution and cementing solution). The permeability decreased rapidly, and the distribution of induced CaCO3 was uneven after treatment with Sporosarcina pasteurii cultured in medium containing urea, while the permeability decreased relatively slowly and the induced CaCO3 distribution was relatively uniform when treated with Sporosarcina pasteurii cultured in medium without urea. Additionally, differences in crystal morphology were observed due to variations in seepage characteristics during the treatment process with the Sporosarcina pasteurii cultured by different mediums. Finally, some investigations were given to the treatment effect optimization for the treatment process of Sporosarcina pasteurii cultured in medium containing urea. This study gave an insight to the regulation mechanism of culture medium and treatment method for the process of permeability reduction by MICP technology in the rock fracture.

Graphical abstract

本研究通过微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀(MICP)技术,详细研究了培养基类型对单一粗糙裂缝渗透性降低效果的影响。比较了两种培养基培养的巴氏芽孢杆菌在细菌生长特性、渗透处理效果、诱导碳酸钙分布特征和微观晶体特征等方面的差异。研究发现,在使用 MICP 技术处理时,培养基确实会影响渗透性降低效果,这主要与培养基中是否添加尿素有关。通过单相注入(混合菌液和固井液)使用不同培养基培养巴氏芽孢杆菌的处理过程,提出了两种不同的渗透率降低模式。使用含尿素培养基培养的巴氏芽孢杆菌处理后,渗透性迅速降低,诱导 CaCO3 分布不均匀;而使用不含尿素培养基培养的巴氏芽孢杆菌处理后,渗透性降低相对缓慢,诱导 CaCO3 分布相对均匀。此外,在使用不同培养基培养巴氏孢子虫的处理过程中,由于渗流特性的不同,也观察到了晶体形态的差异。最后,对含尿素培养基培养的巴氏孢子虫处理过程的处理效果优化进行了一些研究。该研究揭示了培养基和处理方法对岩石裂缝中 MICP 技术降渗过程的调节机制。
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引用次数: 0
Visual experimental investigation on the performance of grouted gravel pile during construction process in clay 粘土施工过程中灌注碎石桩性能的可视化实验研究
IF 5.6 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1007/s11440-024-02423-8
Lingzhi Zhang, Hanlong Liu, Xuanming Ding, Qiang Ou, Chunyan Wang

The grouted gravel pile is a new method of pile foundation, which has been widely used in engineering fields in recent years. However, the grout diffusion characteristics and full-field displacement response of soil during grouting have not been fully revealed and systematically studied in previous publications. This paper employed a transparent soil model test system to explore the effects of the grouting pressure (GP), soil pre-consolidation pressure (SPCP), and initial viscosity of grout (GIV) on the grouting performances and load-bearing characteristics of grouted gravel piles. The development laws of the grouting duration, displacement field of the soil, and ultimate load-bearing capacity of the pile were analyzed. The results show that the total grouting duration decreases with a higher GP, increases with the increasing GIV, initially increases and then decreases as SPCP increases. Both the range of horizontal and vertical displacements of the soil around the pile and the distribution of vertical displacements of the soil at the pile end were obviously enlarged with GP as well as with GIV. However, with the increasing SPCP, they showed a decreasing tendency. The vertical ultimate load-bearing capacity of the grouted gravel pile increases with GP, SPCP, and GIV to varying degrees. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of the pile-soil interaction during grouting process of the grouted gravel pile, which may improve the design of construction parameters.

灌注碎石桩是一种新的桩基方法,近年来在工程领域得到了广泛应用。然而,灌浆过程中土体的灌浆扩散特性和全场位移响应在以往的文献中并未得到充分揭示和系统研究。本文采用透明土模型试验系统,探讨了灌浆压力(GP)、土壤预固结压力(SPCP)和灌浆料初始粘度(GIV)对灌注碎石桩的灌浆性能和承载特性的影响。分析了灌浆持续时间、土体位移场和桩的极限承载力的发展规律。结果表明,灌浆总持续时间随 GP 的增大而减小,随 GIV 的增大而增大,随着 SPCP 的增大,灌浆总持续时间先增大后减小。桩周围土体的水平位移和垂直位移范围以及桩端土体的垂直位移分布都随着 GP 和 GIV 的增大而明显增大。然而,随着 SPCP 的增大,它们呈减小趋势。灌注碎石桩的垂直极限承载力随着 GP、SPCP 和 GIV 的增加而有不同程度的提高。该研究结果有助于理解灌注碎石桩灌浆过程中桩土之间的相互作用,从而改进施工参数的设计。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental and 3D numerical analysis of embankment on soft soil improved with cement bottom ash columns 用水泥底灰柱改良软土路堤的实验和三维数值分析
IF 5.6 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1007/s11440-024-02412-x
Arshad Ullah, Azman Kassim, Ahmad Safuan A. Rashid, Yu Huang, Muhammad Junaid, Mohammad Jawed Roshan

Bottom ash (BA) is a byproduct produced during coal combustion and can be utilized in mortar as a column material to conserve natural resources and promote sustainable ground stabilization. In this paper, the load-carrying capacity performance of the embankment resting on cement bottom ash columns (CBAC) improved ground was examined. Physical model tests and numerical analysis were conducted for the soft soil improved with three columns spacing to diameter ratios (s/d) of 1.8, 2.4, and 3.6 and two columns length to diameter ratios (L/d) of 6 and 8. Three earth pressure transducers, load cell, and pore water pressure transducer were employed to measure the applied vertical stress on the bottom and top of the column and surrounding clay, embankment surface, and excess pore water pressure (u′), respectively. The findings obtained from both physical and numerical models demonstrated that ultimate bearing capacity (qult) increased by reducing the s/d and increasing the L/d values. The qult increased by almost 1.15, 1.39, 1.70 times and 1.18, 1.44, and 1.77 times as compared to the unimproved soil for the s/d of 3.6, 2.4, and 1.8 with L/d values of 6 and 8, respectively. The maximum improvement was achieved for the model with CBAC having L/d of 8 and s/d of 1.8. In addition, a mathematical equation with R2 of 0.999 was established for the determination of the predicted qult. The results of this paper can lead to the usage of BA as a green material in the column for ground stabilization.

底灰(BA)是煤炭燃烧过程中产生的一种副产品,可作为砂浆柱材料加以利用,以保护自然资源并促进可持续的地面加固。本文研究了水泥底灰柱(CBAC)改良地基上路堤的承载能力性能。针对三种柱间距直径比(s/d)分别为 1.8、2.4 和 3.6 以及两种柱长度直径比(L/d)分别为 6 和 8 的改良软土进行了物理模型试验和数值分析。采用了三个土压力传感器、称重传感器和孔隙水压力传感器,分别测量土柱底部和顶部以及周围粘土、路堤表面的垂直应力和过剩孔隙水压力 (u′)。物理模型和数值模型的研究结果表明,极限承载力(qult)会随着 s/d 值的减小和 L/d 值的增大而增加。当 s/d 值为 3.6、2.4 和 1.8,L/d 值为 6 和 8 时,qult 与未改良土壤相比分别增加了近 1.15、1.39 和 1.70 倍和 1.18、1.44 和 1.77 倍。含 CBAC 的模型的改良效果最大,L/d 值为 8,s/d 值为 1.8。此外,还建立了一个 R2 为 0.999 的数学方程来确定预测结果。本文的研究结果可将 BA 作为一种绿色材料用于柱状地面加固。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of thixotropy of cement grout based on a virtual bond model 基于虚拟粘结模型的水泥灌浆料触变性分析
IF 5.6 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1007/s11440-024-02417-6
Haizhi Zang, Shanyong Wang, John P. Carter

Thixotropy of cementitious materials is a crucial intrinsic property that determines the flowability and workability of cement-based grout. A novel virtual bond model of cement particles is developed in this paper to depict the thixotropy of cement grout. A particulate description of the reversible and erasable interparticle bonds is established based on experimental observations with a focus on the non-contact interactions mainly contributed in practice by calcium silicate hydrates (C–S–H). The structural breakdown of the cement network is realized through bonds breakage under applied motion, and the bonding network recovers with regeneration of interparticle connections that involve reversible hydrate reactions in the mixture. The balance between bond rupture and rebuilding can be tuned by assigning different strength limits for bond breakage. We have implemented this model in the open-source code Yade to carry out 3D discrete element method simulations of a rotational vane system filled with spherical particles, and the results show good agreement with experimental data. The modelling results reveal the transition from a solid-like structure to a fluid-like medium within cement suspensions caused by the evolution of broken interparticle bonds. The results also provide a distinct view of thixotropic variation upon disturbance. This model is extendable to other cohesive materials providing an explicit physical definition of the interparticle interactions. It also provides a theoretical explanation for the empirical estimations of thixotropy common in engineering industries and a potential means of measuring cementitious granular flow that may be useful in future studies.

胶凝材料的触变性是决定水泥基灌浆料流动性和工作性的重要内在特性。本文开发了一种新的水泥颗粒虚拟粘结模型来描述水泥灌浆料的触变性。在实验观察的基础上,建立了颗粒间可逆和可擦除键的颗粒描述,重点关注在实践中主要由硅酸钙水合物(C-S-H)产生的非接触式相互作用。水泥网络结构的破坏是通过外加运动下的键断裂实现的,而键网络的恢复则是通过混合料中可逆水合物反应引起的颗粒间连接的再生实现的。通过为粘结断裂设定不同的强度极限,可以调整粘结断裂与重建之间的平衡。我们在开源代码 Yade 中实施了这一模型,对充满球形颗粒的旋转叶片系统进行了三维离散元法模拟,结果显示与实验数据非常吻合。建模结果表明,水泥悬浮液中的类固体结构向类流体介质的过渡是由颗粒间断裂键的演变引起的。结果还提供了扰动时触变性变化的独特视角。该模型可扩展到其他内聚材料,为颗粒间的相互作用提供了明确的物理定义。它还为工程行业中常见的触变性经验估算提供了理论解释,并提供了一种测量胶凝颗粒流动的潜在方法,可能对未来研究有用。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of bio-cementation on gas permeability of unsaturated soils in landfill cover system 生物固结对垃圾填埋场覆盖系统中非饱和土壤气体渗透性的影响
IF 5.6 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1007/s11440-024-02416-7
Longjian Huang, Weiling Cai, Bogireddy Chandra, Ankit Garg, Yanning Wang

Landfill cover systems should exhibit low gas permeability to minimize the overflow of greenhouse gases and subsequent air pollution. Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP), a biocementation technique, has been applied for subsurface soil stabilization by improving the shear strength of the soil. However, the impact of MICP on the gas permeability of unsaturated soils remains unknown. Considering the role of biocementation in the modification of soil interpores, this study investigated the feasibility of using the MICP technique to reduce the gas permeability of granite residual soils in response to unsaturated conditions. The biocemented soil samples were prepared by mixing soils with MICP chemical solutions at different chemical concentrations. Water retention tests and measurements of gas permeability were performed, in which suction, volumetric water content and gas permeability were continuously monitored. Additionally, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses were performed to investigate the formation of CaCO3 precipitates; scanning electron microscopy was used to study the impact of MICP on the soil interpore structure, and the acid washing method was used to determine the CaCO3 content. The results showed that soils treated with higher concentrations of MICP chemical solutions had higher air entry pressures and residual water contents. This indicates the improvement of water retention due to the presence of MICP, which increases the microstructural porosity and enhances the capillarity, as observed via microscopy. Furthermore, the results revealed that biocementation significantly reduced the gas permeability of the soil and that the change in the maximum gas permeability strongly correlated with the MICP chemical solution concentration and the CaCO3 content. This study highlights the role of MICP in soil–water–air interface studies and the potential application of this biocementation technique to minimizing gas emission issues in landfill cover systems.

Graphical abstract

垃圾填埋场覆盖系统应具有较低的气体渗透性,以尽量减少温室气体的溢出和随之而来的空气污染。微生物诱导碳酸盐沉淀(MICP)是一种生物固化技术,通过提高土壤的抗剪强度来稳定地下土壤。然而,MICP 对非饱和土壤气体渗透性的影响仍然未知。考虑到生物水泥在改变土壤孔隙中的作用,本研究调查了使用 MICP 技术降低花岗岩残积土在非饱和条件下气体渗透性的可行性。通过将土壤与不同化学浓度的 MICP 化学溶液混合,制备了生物水泥土壤样本。进行了保水试验和气体渗透性测量,其中对吸力、体积含水量和气体渗透性进行了连续监测。此外,还进行了能量色散 X 射线光谱和 X 射线衍射分析,以研究 CaCO3 沉淀的形成;使用扫描电子显微镜研究 MICP 对土壤孔隙间结构的影响,并使用酸洗法测定 CaCO3 含量。结果表明,用较高浓度的 MICP 化学溶液处理过的土壤具有较高的空气进入压力和残余水含量。通过显微镜观察,这表明 MICP 的存在提高了土壤的保水性,增加了微观结构的孔隙度,增强了毛细管的通透性。此外,研究结果表明,生物水泥化显著降低了土壤的气体渗透性,最大气体渗透性的变化与 MICP 化学溶液浓度和 CaCO3 含量密切相关。这项研究强调了 MICP 在土壤-水-空气界面研究中的作用,以及这种生物固化技术在减少垃圾填埋场覆盖系统气体排放问题上的潜在应用。 图文摘要
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引用次数: 0
Economic impact analysis for steel piles driven in intermediate geomaterials using machine learning algorithms 利用机器学习算法分析在中间土质中打入钢桩的经济影响
IF 5.6 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11440-024-02406-9
Nafis Bin Masud, Shaun S. Wulff, Kam Ng

To mitigate the existing challenges with piles driven in intermediate geomaterial (IGM), this study presents an economic impact assessment for steel piles in IGMs based on the newly developed and existing static analysis (SA) methods using 149 test pile data from seven US states. The assessment determines the differences in the number of piles and the equivalent steel pile weight. The proposed SA methods yield, on average, a smaller difference in steel weight based on states, pile types, and bearing IGM layers. Three machine learning (ML) algorithms: random forest, support vector machine (SVM) and neural network are applied to predict the difference in steel weight. Three percentage-based variables are employed in the ML algorithms as inputs: total pile penetration, total shaft resistance and end bearing in IGM. Based upon 31 testing data, SVM with the lowest RMSE, MAD and highest pseudo-R2 is identified as the best algorithm. The predicted difference in steel weight from SVM is optimized to zero using a novel application of the genetic algorithm, and various contour maps are generated. These contour maps can be used to predict the difference in steel weight graphically based on the three percentage-based variables for future driven steel piles in IGMs.

为了缓解目前在中间土层材料 (IGM) 中打桩所面临的挑战,本研究基于新开发的和现有的静态分析 (SA) 方法,利用美国七个州的 149 个试桩数据,对 IGM 中的钢桩进行了经济影响评估。评估确定了桩数量和等效钢桩重量的差异。根据各州、桩类型和承载 IGM 层数的不同,拟议的静力分析方法平均产生的钢重差异较小。三种机器学习(ML)算法:随机森林、支持向量机(SVM)和神经网络被用于预测钢重差异。ML 算法采用了三个基于百分比的变量作为输入:IGM 中的总贯入桩、总轴阻力和端承。根据 31 个测试数据,RMSE、MAD 和伪 R2 最低的 SVM 被确定为最佳算法。利用遗传算法的新颖应用,将 SVM 预测的钢重差异优化为零,并生成各种等高线图。这些等高线图可用于根据三个基于百分比的变量,以图形方式预测未来在 IGM 中打入的钢桩的钢重差异。
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引用次数: 0
Study of the one-dimensional consolidation and creep of clays with different thicknesses using different hypotheses and three elastic visco-plastic models 利用不同假设和三种弹性粘弹性模型研究不同厚度粘土的一维固结和蠕变问题
IF 5.6 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1007/s11440-024-02405-w
Ze-jian Chen, Peng-lin Li, Pei-chen Wu, Jian-hua Yin, Ding-bao Song

The one-dimensional consolidation analysis of clays considering creep compression is a classical issue in soil mechanics and geotechnical design. The major debate lies in how to predict the consolidation settlement for a thick layer in the field using parameters obtained from a thin specimen from the laboratory. Different hypotheses have been advocated, based on which various methods and constitutive models have been developed. However, there are still some questions unaddressed and concepts inconsistently used, which may mislead engineers in the selection of methods/models and may result in settlements underestimated on a risk design side. In this paper, a state-of-the-art review and a thorough comparison study are performed on the existing methods and models for the consolidation analysis of clays exhibiting creep, from theoretical derivations to numerical simulations in comparison with soil test data. An in-depth discussion is carried out on several key issues related to the thickness effects on the time-dependent compression behaviour of clays. The arguments of Hypothesis A and Hypothesis B are revisited based on the current development of constitutive theories. Three existing elastic visco-plastic (EVP) models that consider the creep compression implicitly during the whole consolidation process can perform well in predicting the settlement of clay layers with different thicknesses, and are in line with Hypothesis B. It is concluded that using existing EVP models based on porous-media continuum mechanics is a rigorous scientific method (also called “rigorous” Hypothesis B method), which is superior to the old Hypothesis A method which has logic errors and may result in unsafe underestimation of settlements.

考虑蠕变压缩的粘土一维固结分析是土力学和岩土工程设计中的一个经典问题。主要争论点在于如何利用从实验室薄试样中获得的参数来预测厚土层在现场的固结沉降。人们提出了不同的假设,并在此基础上开发了各种方法和构造模型。然而,仍有一些问题没有得到解决,使用的概念也不一致,这可能会误导工程师选择方法/模型,并可能导致在风险设计方面低估沉降。本文从理论推导到数值模拟,再到与土壤测试数据的对比,对表现出蠕变现象的粘土固结分析的现有方法和模型进行了最新回顾和全面对比研究。深入讨论了与粘土随时间变化的压缩行为的厚度效应有关的几个关键问题。根据当前构成理论的发展,重新审视了假设 A 和假设 B 的论点。结论是,使用基于多孔介质连续介质力学的现有弹性粘塑(EVP)模型是一种严谨的科学方法(也称为 "严谨的 "假设 B 方法),它优于存在逻辑错误并可能导致不安全地低估沉降的旧假设 A 方法。
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引用次数: 0
Reducing non-cohesive soil erodibility through enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation 通过酶诱导碳酸盐沉淀降低非粘性土壤的侵蚀性
IF 5.6 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1007/s11440-024-02415-8
Yingzheng Zhou, Dawei Guan, Liang Cheng, Yee-Meng Chiew, Jinhai Zheng

Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP), which precipitates calcium carbonate within the soil matrix to cement the granular grains, presents a promising bio-mediated approach for scour countermeasures. This study explores the erosion performance of bio-cemented sand in a closed-conduit flume system, investigating the effectiveness of EICP in mitigating scour and reducing erodibility. Various parameters such as curing duration, cementation degrees and urease activities are examined to understand their influence on erosion behaviors. Furthermore, the study incorporates the analysis of calcium carbonate content and crystal microstructure to provide a better understanding on the EICP mechanism in scour mitigation. These results highlight the critical role of the interaction between calcium carbonate content and crystal features in determining the effectiveness of erodibility reduction. As the precipitated amount increases, the cemented soil exhibits enhanced hydraulic erosion resistance, with the erosion mode shifting from particle erosion and aggregated detachment to chunk fracture. In other words, the mode of sediment transport essentially is affected by the variations in crystal size, crystal quantities and deposited morphology. Two predictive formulas for threshold Shields parameter and erosion rate are also developed. Notably, the cemented soil could maintain its stability under an elevated flow of 4 m/s under an EICP treatment with 1 M of urea and calcium chloride, and a curing duration of 24 h. These findings are anticipated to serve as a valuable theoretical foundation for engineering applications.

酶诱导碳酸盐沉淀(EICP)可在土壤基质中析出碳酸钙以固结颗粒,是一种很有前景的生物介导冲刷对策。本研究探讨了生物加固砂在封闭导管水槽系统中的侵蚀性能,研究了 EICP 在减轻冲刷和降低侵蚀性方面的有效性。研究了固化时间、胶结度和脲酶活性等各种参数,以了解它们对侵蚀行为的影响。此外,研究还结合了碳酸钙含量和晶体微观结构分析,以更好地了解 EICP 在减轻冲刷方面的作用机制。这些结果凸显了碳酸钙含量和晶体特征之间的相互作用在决定侵蚀性降低效果方面的关键作用。随着析出量的增加,胶结土壤表现出更强的抗水力侵蚀能力,侵蚀模式从颗粒侵蚀和聚集剥离转变为大块断裂。换句话说,沉积物的迁移模式主要受晶体尺寸、晶体数量和沉积形态变化的影响。此外,还提出了两个阈值希尔兹参数和侵蚀速率的预测公式。值得注意的是,在使用 1 M 尿素和氯化钙、固化时间为 24 小时的 EICP 处理条件下,固结土壤可在 4 m/s 的高流速下保持稳定。
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引用次数: 0
Mechanism-based shift factors to predict the fatigue performance of cemented pavement materials 预测水泥路面材料疲劳性能的基于机理的转变因子
IF 5.6 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-22 DOI: 10.1007/s11440-024-02404-x
Vinh T. Le, Ha H. Bui, Giang D. Nguyen, Jayantha Kodikara, Didier Bodin, James Grenfell

Cemented pavement materials (CPMs) are essential components in pavement structures, yet accurately predicting their service life due to fatigue damage remains challenging. Laboratory fatigue test results are commonly employed to predict the service life of CPMs by applying a lab-to-field shift factor (SF). However, traditional approaches rely heavily on experimental data, posing challenges in ensuring the certainty of lab-to-field results. Additionally, inconsistencies in lab-to-field fatigue failure criteria further complicate SF development. To address these challenges, this study proposes a mechanism-based methodology for developing SF. This methodology comprises a rigorous two-scale fatigue model developed by the authors to characterise the fatigue performance of CPMs at the lab scale and predict their performance at the field scale, thereby facilitating the development of SFs. These SFs are established based on a consistent lab-to-field fatigue failure criterion (i.e. the modulus reduction of CPMs). By accounting for strain differences between laboratory and field scales, SFs are derived in the strain-fatigue life space. Application of this approach to typical Australian CPMs, namely siltstone and hornfels, yields mechanism-based SFs of 1.19 and 1.21, respectively.

水泥路面材料(CPM)是路面结构中的重要组成部分,但要准确预测其因疲劳损坏而导致的使用寿命仍具有挑战性。通常采用实验室疲劳测试结果,通过应用实验室-现场转换系数(SF)来预测 CPM 的使用寿命。然而,传统方法在很大程度上依赖于实验数据,这给确保实验室到现场结果的确定性带来了挑战。此外,实验室到现场疲劳失效标准的不一致也使 SF 的开发变得更加复杂。为应对这些挑战,本研究提出了一种基于机理的 SF 开发方法。该方法包括一个由作者开发的严格的双尺度疲劳模型,用于描述 CPM 在实验室尺度上的疲劳性能,并预测其在现场尺度上的性能,从而促进 SF 的开发。这些 SF 是根据实验室到现场的一致疲劳失效标准(即 CPM 的模量降低)建立的。通过考虑实验室和现场尺度之间的应变差异,在应变-疲劳寿命空间中得出 SFs。将这种方法应用于典型的澳大利亚 CPM(即粉砂岩和角砾岩),可得出基于机理的 SF 分别为 1.19 和 1.21。
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引用次数: 0
Machine learning prediction model for clay electrical conductivity and its application in electroosmosis consolidation 粘土电导率的机器学习预测模型及其在电渗固结中的应用
IF 5.6 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-22 DOI: 10.1007/s11440-024-02411-y
Xunli Zhang, Lingwei Zheng, Xudong Zheng, Hengyu Wang, Shangqi Ge, Xinyu Xie

The electrical conductivity of soil is closely associated with various physical properties of the soil, and accurately establishing the interrelationship between them has long been a critical challenge limiting its widespread application. Traditional approaches in geotechnical engineering have relied on specific conduction mechanisms and simplifying assumptions to construct theoretical models for electrical conductivity. This paper adopts a different approach by using machine learning methods to predict the electrical conductivity of clay materials. A reliable dataset was generated using the quartet structure generation set to create random clay microstructures and calculate their electrical conductivity. Based on this dataset, machine learning methods such as least squares support vector machine and backpropagation neural networks outperform theoretical models in terms of prediction accuracy and resistance to interference, with a coefficient of determination (R2) exceeding 0.995 when unaffected by disturbances. The computation of Shapley values for input features aids in explicating the machine learning model. The results reveal that saturation is a key feature in predicting electrical conductivity, while porosity and constrained diameter are relatively less important. Finally, an already trained model is applied to the one-dimensional electroosmosis-surcharge preloading consolidation theory. The results of the calculations demonstrate that neglecting changes in soil electrical conductivity during electroosmosis can lead to an overestimation of the absolute values of anode excess pore water pressure and soil settlement.

土壤的导电性与土壤的各种物理特性密切相关,长期以来,准确确定它们之间的相互关系一直是限制其广泛应用的关键挑战。岩土工程中的传统方法依赖于特定的传导机制和简化假设来构建导电率理论模型。本文采用不同的方法,利用机器学习方法预测粘土材料的导电性。利用四元结构生成集生成可靠的数据集,以创建随机粘土微结构并计算其导电率。基于该数据集,最小二乘支持向量机和反向传播神经网络等机器学习方法在预测准确性和抗干扰性方面优于理论模型,在不受干扰的情况下,决定系数(R2)超过 0.995。输入特征 Shapley 值的计算有助于解释机器学习模型。结果显示,饱和度是预测电导率的关键特征,而孔隙度和约束直径的重要性相对较低。最后,已训练好的模型被应用于一维电渗-充填预加载固结理论。计算结果证明,忽略电渗过程中土壤导电率的变化会导致高估阳极过剩孔隙水压力和土壤沉降的绝对值。
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Acta Geotechnica
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