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DEM investigation on flow instability of particulate assemblies under coupling between volumetric and axial strains 体积应变和轴向应变耦合下颗粒组件流动不稳定性的 DEM 研究
IF 5.6 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1007/s11440-024-02331-x
M. Salimi, A. Lashkari, M. Tafili

The discrete element method (DEM) is employed to investigate the impact of coupling between volumetric and axial strains on the flow liquefaction vulnerability of 3D cubic particulate specimens. The virtual testing program conducted here encompasses a wide range of initial states and varying degrees of coupling between volumetric and axial strains. Utilizing data obtained from DEM simulations, the evolution of micro- and macroscale variables, including coordination number, contact fabric anisotropy, redundancy index, strong force networks, invariants of the effective stress tensor, and excess pore-water pressure, is examined. Results from DEM tests indicate that coupling expansive volumetric strain with axial strain leads to a gradual loosening of the load bearing microstructure, a decrease in coordination number, and a faster change in contact anisotropy. DEM simulations demonstrate that the triggering of flow liquefaction instability is followed by a sudden increase in contact fabric anisotropy and abrupt drops in coordination number and redundancy index. Moreover, a detailed analysis of the findings suggests that the stress ratio at the onset of post-peak softening decreases with increasing expansive volumetric strains.

本文采用离散元素法(DEM)研究了体积应变和轴向应变之间的耦合对三维立方颗粒试样流动液化脆弱性的影响。这里进行的虚拟测试程序包括多种初始状态以及体积应变和轴向应变之间不同程度的耦合。利用从 DEM 模拟中获得的数据,研究了微观和宏观变量的演变,包括配位数、接触织物各向异性、冗余指数、强力网络、有效应力张量不变量和过剩孔隙水压力。DEM 试验结果表明,膨胀性体积应变与轴向应变的耦合会导致承载微观结构的逐渐松动、配位数的减少以及接触各向异性的快速变化。DEM 模拟表明,在触发流动液化不稳定性后,接触织物各向异性会突然增加,配位数和冗余指数会突然下降。此外,对研究结果的详细分析表明,峰后软化开始时的应力比会随着膨胀体积应变的增加而减小。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of compression and shear on particle breakage of silica and calcareous sands 压缩和剪切对硅砂和石灰砂颗粒破碎的影响
IF 5.6 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1007/s11440-024-02339-3
Andrzej Głuchowski, Linzhu Li, Magued Iskander
<div><p>Changes in particle granulometry could lead to significant changes in a soil’s behavior, making an understanding of micro-scale granulometry essential for practical applications. Changes in particle size, shape, and particle size distribution could result from a combination of applied normal and shearing stresses, which can in turn influence further response of the material. This study explored particle breakage during both compressive and shear loading under typical stresses. A deeper understanding of the phenomenon requires distinguishing broken and unbroken grains at the particle scale. Dynamic Image Analysis (DIA) was therefore employed to quantify changes in particle granulometry in two sands, a siliceous Ottawa sand and a calcareous sand known as Fiji Pink. Pre-sorted specimens having similar size, granulometry, and particle size distributions were tested using both oedometric and direct shear tests having the same aspect ratio, facilitating a direct comparison of the effects of shearing and compression on similar materials having different mineralogy. A breakage index was used for prognosis of particle breakage at key reference diameters. During oedometric tests, grain breakage was limited in both sands at stresses up to 1.2 MPa, but it increased significantly during direct shear tests. A conceptual model was proposed to explain the particle breakage mechanism during shear, at four key phase points representing (1) maximum compaction, (2) transition from compaction to dilative behavior, (3) maximum shear stress, and (4) peak test strain. In addition, a loading intensity framework was adopted to explain the relative roles of normal and shearing stresses on particle breakage. An increase of fines in soil during shearing was also observed and related to two sources: coarser grain abrasion and finer particle crushing. The vulnerability of grains with more anisotropic shapes was also observed. The loading intensity framework suggested that attrition of particle diameter could be divided into two phases, with a transitional critical loading intensity that appeared constant for each sand. For Ottawa sand, abrasion was the primary mechanism observed, causing a significant increase in Aspect Ratio (<i>AR</i>) and Sphericity (<i>S</i>) for finer grains. For Fiji sand, a transition from abrasion to attrition was noted, leading to limited sphericity decrease for the largest particles. Finer particles cushioning larger Fiji sand particles are more prone to breakage, resulting in increased <i>AR</i> and <i>S</i>. Finally, test results were used to propose a simple hyperbolic model to predict
颗粒粒度的变化会导致土壤行为的重大改变,因此了解微尺度粒度对实际应用至关重要。施加的法向应力和剪切应力会导致颗粒大小、形状和粒度分布发生变化,进而影响材料的进一步响应。本研究探讨了在典型应力下的压缩和剪切加载过程中的颗粒断裂现象。要深入了解这一现象,需要在颗粒尺度上区分断裂和未断裂的颗粒。因此,我们采用了动态图像分析法(DIA)来量化两种砂(一种是硅质渥太华砂,另一种是被称为 "斐济粉红 "的钙质砂)中颗粒粒度的变化。对具有相似尺寸、粒度和粒度分布的预分选出的试样,采用具有相同长径比的油压试验和直接剪切试验进行测试,以便直接比较剪切和压缩对具有不同矿物学性质的相似材料的影响。破损指数用于预测关键参考直径处的颗粒破损情况。在气压试验中,当应力达到 1.2 兆帕时,两种砂的颗粒破损都很有限,但在直接剪切试验中,颗粒破损明显增加。提出了一个概念模型来解释颗粒在剪切过程中的断裂机制,四个关键阶段点分别代表:(1)最大压实;(2)从压实到扩张行为的过渡;(3)最大剪切应力;以及(4)测试应变峰值。此外,还采用了加载强度框架来解释法向应力和剪切应力对颗粒破碎的相对作用。在剪切过程中还观察到土壤中细粒的增加,这与两个来源有关:较粗颗粒的磨损和较细颗粒的破碎。此外,还观察到形状各向异性较大的颗粒的脆弱性。加载强度框架表明,颗粒直径的损耗可分为两个阶段,每个砂的过渡临界加载强度似乎是恒定的。对于渥太华砂,磨损是观察到的主要机制,导致较细颗粒的长宽比(AR)和球形度(S)显著增加。对于斐济砂,观察到的是从磨损到损耗的过渡,导致最大颗粒的球形度有限下降。最后,试验结果被用来提出一个简单的双曲线模型,以预测砂在剪切过程中粒度分布的演变。该模型还利用已公布的另一种沙子在剪切过程中的粒度演变数据进行了验证,但该模型在开发过程中并未使用。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of wetting and drying cycles on the shear behavior of discontinuities between two different rock types with various surface topographies 湿润和干燥循环对具有不同表面形貌的两种不同类型岩石之间不连续面的剪切行为的影响
IF 5.6 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1007/s11440-024-02332-w
Qiong Wu, Yue Qin, Huiming Tang, Zhen Meng, Changdong Li, Sha Lu

Wetting and drying cycles (WDCs) have a significant impact on the shear behavior of discontinuities with different joint wall materials (DDJMs). This influence is crucial for the reasonable evaluation of the long-term stability of soft and hard interbedded rock slopes under water level fluctuations. As the surface topographies of natural discontinuities collected from the field vary, conducting comparative experiments on natural discontinuity specimens with identical surface topographies is challenging. To solve this problem, a 3D surface topography reconstruction technique was employed to obtain DDJM specimens with three types of surface topographies collected from a typical sliding-prone stratum in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, China. A series of experiments, including computed tomography scanning, 3D laser scanning, and direct shear tests, were conducted to investigate the influence of WDCs on the micro- and macroproperties of joint walls, surface topographies, and shear behavior of DDJMs. The experimental results showed that repeated WDC treatments caused the degradation of the microstructures and macroscopic physical properties of the studied joint walls, and the more severely weakened joint wall played a predominant role in reducing the shear strength of DDJMs. The influence of WDCs on the surface topographies of DDJMs was negligible in this study; changes in the shear behavior of DDJMs were closely associated with the weakening of joint walls induced by WDCs; and the impact degree of joint wall weakening on the deterioration of the shear behavior of DDJMs was interactively influenced by and positively correlated with both the joint roughness coefficient and normal stress. These results will contribute to a better understanding of the evolution of the stability of soft and hard interbedded rock slopes induced by water level fluctuations in the Three Gorges Reservoir area and other reservoir regions.

湿润和干燥周期(WDCs)对采用不同接壁材料(DDJMs)的不连续面的剪切行为有重大影响。这种影响对于合理评估软硬夹层岩石边坡在水位波动下的长期稳定性至关重要。由于从野外采集的天然不连续面的表面形貌各不相同,因此在具有相同表面形貌的天然不连续面试样上进行对比实验具有挑战性。为了解决这个问题,我们采用了三维表面形貌重建技术,从中国三峡库区典型的易滑动地层中采集到三种表面形貌的 DDJM 试样。在本研究中,WDC 对 DDJM 表面形貌的影响可以忽略不计;DDJM 剪切行为的变化与 WDC 引起的接合壁削弱密切相关;接合壁削弱对 DDJM 剪切行为恶化的影响程度受接合粗糙度系数和法向应力的交互影响,并与之呈正相关。这些结果将有助于更好地理解三峡库区及其他库区水位波动诱发的软硬夹层岩质边坡稳定性的演变过程。
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引用次数: 0
An advanced ICMV for vibratory roller compaction 用于振动压路机压实的先进 ICMV
IF 5.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL Pub Date : 2024-05-04 DOI: 10.1007/s11440-024-02342-8
Johannes Pistrol, Mario Hager, Fritz Kopf, Dietmar Adam

The compaction success of vibratory roller compaction can be assessed by systems for continuous compaction control (CCC) or intelligent compaction (IC) which calculate soil stiffness-proportional quantities based on measurements of the motion behavior of the vibrating drum. However, state-of-the-art intelligent compaction meter values (ICMV) do not only depend on the stiffness of the soil but are also strongly influenced by machine and process parameters. In this paper, the methodology for determining an advanced ICMV is presented, in which the mechanical properties of the soil, the process parameters and geometric relationships in the contact area between the drum and the soil are directly included in the calculation. The methodology is explained on the example of measurement data from a compaction test conducted on sandy gravel with a heavy single-drum roller. The results of the novel ICMV are compared with those of the most widely used IC systems.

振动压路机的压实效果可通过连续压实控制(CCC)或智能压实(IC)系统进行评估,这些系统可根据对振动滚筒运动行为的测量来计算土壤刚度比例量。然而,最先进的智能压实度测量值(ICMV)不仅取决于土壤刚度,还受到机器和工艺参数的强烈影响。本文介绍了确定先进的 ICMV 值的方法,其中土壤的机械特性、工艺参数以及钢轮与土壤接触区域的几何关系都直接纳入了计算。该方法以使用重型单钢轮压路机对砂砾进行压实试验的测量数据为例进行说明。新型 ICMV 的结果与最广泛使用的集成电路系统的结果进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
Behavior of model pile in unsaturated soil subjected to cyclic loading 非饱和土壤中的模型桩在循环荷载作用下的行为
IF 5.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.1007/s11440-024-02313-z
Hijran Aljanabi, Reza Imam, Mohammad Khorand

Most previous experimental studies on the behavior of piles subjected to lateral loading have focused on testing model piles embedded in dry or fully saturated soils, and little attention has been paid to the impact of the soil partial saturation on the results. This paper presents results of 1g model tests on a single pile embedded in dry and unsaturated sand subjected to two-way constant displacement amplitude loading. The tests were aimed at examination of the effects of degree of soil saturation and density on the pile internal forces and lateral capacity and the deformation patterns of the adjacent soils. Five degrees of saturation (Sr = 0, 10, 20, 35 and 50%) for loose and medium-dense sand (Dr = 20% and 50%) were chosen and a 65-mm-diameter and 900-mm-long polyethylene model pile was used. Test results indicated that at each soil relative density, the pile head horizontal load, and the maximum bending moment, shear force, and soil reaction in the pile increase with increase in the degree of saturation up to about Sr = 35%. However, further increase in Sr led to decrease in these values. Moreover, the cyclic loading led to depressions in the surface of the dry sand and bulging associated with soil–pile separation in the unsaturated sand. For the model testing conditions used, results indicated that the sand degree of saturation can have a greater impact on the pile behavior than its density.

以往对承受横向荷载的桩的行为进行的实验研究大多集中在测试嵌入干燥或完全饱和土壤中的模型桩,很少关注土壤部分饱和度对结果的影响。本文介绍了在双向恒定位移振幅荷载作用下,对嵌入干燥和非饱和砂土中的单桩进行 1g 模型试验的结果。试验旨在检验土壤饱和度和密度对桩内力和侧向承载力的影响,以及邻近土壤的变形模式。试验选择了松散砂土和中等密度砂土(Dr = 20% 和 50% )的五种饱和度(Sr = 0、10、20、35 和 50% ),并使用了直径 65 毫米、长 900 毫米的聚乙烯模型桩。试验结果表明,在每种土壤相对密度下,随着饱和度的增加,桩头水平荷载、最大弯矩、剪力和桩内土壤反力都会增加,最高可达 Sr = 35%。然而,Sr 的进一步增加会导致这些值的下降。此外,循环加载导致干砂表面凹陷,以及非饱和砂中与土桩分离相关的隆起。对于所使用的模型试验条件,结果表明砂的饱和度比密度对桩的行为影响更大。
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引用次数: 0
Performance evaluation of an ex situ permeable reactive bio-barrier in phenol-contaminated water containment and remediation under a laminar flow regime 在层流机制下,对苯酚污染水密封和修复中的原位可渗透反应生物屏障进行性能评估
IF 5.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL Pub Date : 2024-04-28 DOI: 10.1007/s11440-024-02301-3
Zohreh Emmarloo, Mohsen Karrabi, Bahar Shahnavaz, Asal Masoumi Khameneh, Philippe Sechet

Petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) including phenolic compounds cause major environmental impacts just the once released into soils or groundwater. Among the core technologies, permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) have been so far exploited to contain and control such contaminants within the subsurface layers of the soil. Against this background, the present study investigated flow-biofilm interactions in a laboratory-scale permeable reactive bio-barrier (PRBB). To this end, an experimental setup was firstly built by embedding pressure measurement ports, at 10 cm intervals, onto a cylindrical column with a diameter of 57 mm and a height of 50 cm, and then filled with a porous medium, made up of sand with an average diameter of 1.78 mm. The bacterium, Pseudomonas putida (P. putida), was also utilized to generate the biofilm. Afterward, phenol-containing water was passed through the column at a rate of 2 L/h under a hydrodynamic laminar flow regime. Experimental evidence showed that the biofilm formed by bacterial growth could shrink the bio-barrier (BB) porosity from 0.35 to 0.07, instigating a drop by 590 and 840 times in the hydraulic pressure across the column at phenol concentrations, 200 and 400 mg/L, respectively. The desired biofilm additionally managed to remove 40 and 30% of phenol at concentrations of 200 and 400 mg/L, in that order. Exploring the variations in hydraulic conductivity in different layers plus the microscopic images further demonstrated that the biofilm created at phenol concentration of 200 mg/L seemed to be much stronger and even more stable, compared to the one at 400 mg/L. This was traceable to the better adaptation of P. putida to lower concentrations of phenol as the carbon source. Furthermore, the study results established that the given PRBB could help decompose only a small portion of phenol, but outperformed in terms of containing and controlling this contaminant through reducing hydraulic conductivity.

Graphical Abstract

包括酚类化合物在内的石油碳氢化合物一旦释放到土壤或地下水中,就会对环境造成严重影响。在各种核心技术中,可渗透反应屏障(PRBs)是迄今为止用于遏制和控制土壤表层下此类污染物的技术。在此背景下,本研究调查了实验室规模的可渗透反应生物屏障(PRBB)中水流与生物膜之间的相互作用。为此,首先在直径为 57 毫米、高 50 厘米的圆柱上每隔 10 厘米埋设一个压力测量口,然后用平均直径为 1.78 毫米的沙子填充多孔介质,搭建了一个实验装置。此外,还利用了腐生假单胞菌(P. putida)来生成生物膜。随后,在流体力学层流机制下,含酚水以 2 升/小时的速度通过该柱。实验结果表明,细菌生长形成的生物膜可将生物屏障(BB)的孔隙率从 0.35 减小到 0.07,在苯酚浓度分别为 200 和 400 毫克/升的情况下,柱中的水压分别下降了 590 和 840 倍。在苯酚浓度为 200 和 400 毫克/升时,所需的生物膜还能依次去除 40% 和 30% 的苯酚。探索不同层中水力传导性的变化以及显微图像进一步表明,与苯酚浓度为 400 毫克/升的生物膜相比,在苯酚浓度为 200 毫克/升时形成的生物膜似乎更强,甚至更稳定。这可追溯到 P. putida 对低浓度苯酚碳源的适应性更强。此外,研究结果表明,给定的 PRBB 只能帮助分解一小部分苯酚,但在通过降低水导率来控制苯酚污染方面却表现出色。
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引用次数: 0
Undrained cyclic responses of biocemented calcareous silty sand 生物加固钙质淤泥砂的无排水循环响应
IF 5.6 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.1007/s11440-024-02293-0
Yang Xiao, Jian Hu, Jinquan Shi, Lei Zhang, Hanlong Liu

Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology is an emerging and environmentally sustainable method for improving the strength and stiffness of soil. Specifically, this innovative approach has gained favor in marine engineering due to the advantaged compatibility between precipitated calcium carbonate induced by MICP and coral sand. Sand containing fines is susceptible to liquefy. Whereas, the impact of fines contents on cyclic behavior of MICP-treated calcareous sand remains uncertain. Consequently, this technical note aims to investigate the liquefaction behavior of biocemented calcareous silty sand by conducting undrained cyclic triaxial shear tests and microscopic analysis. The results revealed the patterns of the excess pore water pressure curves and cyclic deformation characteristics as the fines contents increased. The liquefaction resistance of biocemented sand initially decreases with the addition of fines but subsequently exhibits an increasing trend. Microscopic analysis showed that at the cementation level with the cementation solution concentration of 1 mol/L, the calcium carbonate crystals are mainly attached to the surface of sand grains and this pattern does not directly affect the force chain.

微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀(MICP)技术是一种新兴的、环境可持续的提高土壤强度和刚度的方法。具体而言,由于微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀与珊瑚砂之间的相容性极佳,这种创新方法在海洋工程中备受青睐。含有细粒的沙子容易液化。而细粒含量对 MICP 处理过的钙质砂的循环行为的影响仍不确定。因此,本技术说明旨在通过进行不排水循环三轴剪切试验和显微分析,研究生物加固钙质淤泥砂的液化行为。结果显示了随着细粒含量的增加,过剩孔隙水压力曲线的变化规律和循环变形特征。生物加固砂的抗液化性最初会随着细粒的添加而降低,但随后会呈现上升趋势。显微分析表明,在胶结液浓度为 1 mol/L 的胶结水平,碳酸钙晶体主要附着在砂粒表面,这种形态并不直接影响力链。
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引用次数: 0
Vertical dynamic impedance of pile groups embedded in soils considering the groundwater level 考虑到地下水位,桩群嵌入土壤的垂直动阻抗
IF 5.6 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1007/s11440-024-02245-8
Zi Ye, Yonghui Chen, Geng Chen, Jiangwei Shi, Nan Hu, Minguo Lin

The groundwater level divides the soils into unsaturated zone and saturated zone, imposing an indispensable effect on the soil–pile interaction behavior. In this work, the groundwater level is introduced into soil–pile group interaction models for advancing the dynamic impedance research of pile groups. The motion equation of pile groups is modeled by the finite element method. The vibration solution of soils considering the groundwater level is solved via the precise integration method, which is utilized as the kernel function to construct the boundary integral equation. The coupled finite element method (FEM) and boundary element method (BEM) establishes the unsaturated soil–pile group interaction equation, which is further solved based on the soil–pile compatibility condition. After confirming the reliability of the above theory, parametric analyses are provided to discuss the effect of a series of key parameters on the impedance function of pile groups.

地下水位将土壤分为非饱和区和饱和区,对土桩相互作用行为产生不可或缺的影响。本研究将地下水位引入土-桩群相互作用模型,以推进桩群的动力阻抗研究。桩群的运动方程采用有限元法建模。考虑到地下水位的土壤振动解法是通过精确积分法求解的,利用精确积分法作为核函数来构建边界积分方程。耦合有限元法(FEM)和边界元法(BEM)建立了非饱和土-桩群相互作用方程,并根据土-桩相容性条件进一步求解。在证实上述理论的可靠性后,进行了参数分析,讨论了一系列关键参数对桩群阻抗函数的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Hydraulic breakthrough of clay smears due to technical and natural actions 技术和自然作用导致的粘土层水力破坏
IF 5.6 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1007/s11440-024-02261-8
Gerd Gudehus, Christian Karcher

We outlined earlier in this journal by means of finite element simulations how patterns of normal faults arise by a synsedimentary tectonic extension, and how clay smears evolve therein. In the present paper, we show how hydraulic breakthroughs of clay smears can arise so that water, gas and mud rise in faults. Mechanical properties of sand and clay are introduced first for the stable range and then for rupture and internal erosion. Our numerical simulations for the evolution of normal faults and clay smears are discussed in light of critical phenomena. Water assembled in an open-cast mine about 20 years ago as the critical hydraulic gradient in a clay smear dropped to the actual one due to the rapid excavation-induced deformation. The latter led to a critical point under an excavation the slope of which was parallel to a nearby normal fault. Clay smears can also break by earthquakes so that the critical hydraulic gradient drops to the actual one caused by methane with an excess pressure. This can lead to hydraulic breakthroughs and cold eruptions at outcrops of faults.

我们在本刊早先的文章中通过有限元模拟概述了正断层的形态是如何通过合成沉积构造延伸而产生的,以及粘土层是如何在其中演变的。在本文中,我们将展示粘土层的水力突破是如何产生的,从而使断层中的水、气体和泥浆上升。本文首先介绍了砂和粘土在稳定范围内的力学性质,然后介绍了断裂和内部侵蚀的力学性质。我们根据临界现象讨论了正常断层和粘土层演变的数值模拟。大约 20 年前,由于快速挖掘引起的变形,粘土岩层中的临界水力梯度下降到实际梯度,水在露天矿中聚集。后者导致在挖掘机下出现临界点,而挖掘机的斜坡与附近的正断层平行。粘土层也会因地震而破裂,从而使临界水力坡度下降到实际坡度,这是由于甲烷压力过大造成的。这可能导致断层露头处的水力突破和冷喷发。
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引用次数: 0
Long-term “memory” of extraordinary climatic seasons in the hysteretic seepage of an unsaturated infinite slope 非饱和无限坡滞后渗流对特殊气候季节的长期 "记忆"
IF 5.6 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1007/s11440-024-02307-x
Diana Bianchi, Domenico Gallipoli, Rossella Bovolenta, Martino Leoni

This paper presents a study of the hydraulic response of an infinite unsaturated slope exposed to a perturbation of the ordinary seasonal climatic cycle. The ground flow is modelled via a simplified one-dimensional finite difference scheme by decomposing the two-dimensional slope seepage into antisymmetric and symmetric parts. The numerical scheme incorporates two distinct hysteretic and non-hysteretic soil water retention laws, whose parameters have been selected after a preliminary sensitivity analysis. Results indicate that, in the hysteretic case, the “memory” of the perturbation takes a long time to fade, and the ordinary soil saturation cycle is only restored after several years of normal weather. Instead, in the non-hysteretic case, the recovery of the ordinary saturation regime is almost immediate after the perturbation. In contrast with the markedly different predictions of degree of saturation, both hysteretic and non-hysteretic slope models predict virtually identical evolutions of negative pore water pressures, with an almost immediate restoration of the ordinary cycle after the perturbation.

本文研究了暴露在普通季节性气候周期扰动下的无限非饱和斜坡的水力响应。通过将二维斜坡渗流分解为非对称和对称两部分,采用简化的一维有限差分方案对地面流进行建模。数值方案包含两种不同的滞后和非滞后土壤水分保持规律,其参数是在初步敏感性分析后选定的。结果表明,在滞后情况下,扰动的 "记忆 "需要很长时间才能消退,只有在几年正常天气后才能恢复正常的土壤饱和周期。相反,在非滞后情况下,扰动后几乎立即恢复正常饱和状态。与对饱和度的明显不同预测形成对比的是,滞回和非滞回斜坡模型对负的孔隙水压力的预测几乎完全相同,在扰动后几乎立即恢复正常循环。
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Acta Geotechnica
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