Pub Date : 2025-01-02DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae142
Jeffrey C Nekola, Fred J Brook, Junn Kitt Foon, Veronika Horsáková, Yasuto Ishii, Frank Köhler, Eva Líznarová, Markéta Nováková, Takumi Saito, Rodrigo B Salvador, Michal Horsák
We reconsider the biodiversity and biogeography of Paralaoma servilis—believed to be one of the most globally invasive exotic land snails—through integrative empirical revision. Phylogenies obtained from nDNA (ELAV, ddRAD genomics) and mtDNA (COI) demonstrate that the current classification is in error, with there being at least five distinct species within P. servilis s.l. The P. servilis group as interpreted here thus includes: P. servilis, inferred to be native to south-western Pacific Rim with an adventive distribution minimally spanning North America, Europe, and the Macaronesian islands of the eastern Atlantic Ocean; P. amblygona (Reinhardt, 1877), native to Honshu, Japan; P. borealis (Pilsbry and Y. Hirase, 1905), native to Hokkaido, Japan along the Pacific Rim to the SW North American mountains; P. caputspinulae (Reeve, 1852), native to New Zealand and Lord Howe Island; and P. morti (J.C. Cox, 1864), native to south-eastern Australia. Within P. servilis, invasiveness appears limited to a single clade that may have arisen along the California coast. The work presented here is a reminder that taxonomic concepts that have not been subjected to empirical vetting can generate poor biodiversity perspectives and non-optimal conservation strategies when native species are treated as exotics.
本文通过对全球入侵最严重的外来陆生蜗牛的综合实证修正，重新审视了其生物多样性和生物地理学特征。从nDNA （ELAV， ddRAD基因组学）和mtDNA （COI）获得的系统发育学结果表明，目前的分类是错误的，在servilis s.l中至少有5个不同的物种。因此，这里对servilis类群的解释包括：servilis，推断原产于环太平洋西南部，外来性分布最小，横跨北美、欧洲和东大西洋的Macaronesian群岛；P. amblygona (Reinhardt, 1877)，原产于日本本州；P. borealis (Pilsbry and Y. Hirase, 1905)，原产于日本北海道，沿环太平洋至北美西南部山脉；P. caputspinulae (Reeve, 1852)，原产于新西兰和Lord Howe岛；和P. morti (J.C. Cox, 1864)，原产于澳大利亚东南部。在servilis中，入侵似乎仅限于可能在加利福尼亚海岸出现的单一分支。本文提出的工作提醒我们，当本地物种被视为外来物种时，未经经验审查的分类学概念可能会产生较差的生物多样性观点和非最佳保护策略。
{"title":"Will the real invasive snail please stand up? A phylogenetic reconsideration of Paralaoma servilis (Shuttleworth, 1852) (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Punctidae)","authors":"Jeffrey C Nekola, Fred J Brook, Junn Kitt Foon, Veronika Horsáková, Yasuto Ishii, Frank Köhler, Eva Líznarová, Markéta Nováková, Takumi Saito, Rodrigo B Salvador, Michal Horsák","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae142","url":null,"abstract":"We reconsider the biodiversity and biogeography of Paralaoma servilis—believed to be one of the most globally invasive exotic land snails—through integrative empirical revision. Phylogenies obtained from nDNA (ELAV, ddRAD genomics) and mtDNA (COI) demonstrate that the current classification is in error, with there being at least five distinct species within P. servilis s.l. The P. servilis group as interpreted here thus includes: P. servilis, inferred to be native to south-western Pacific Rim with an adventive distribution minimally spanning North America, Europe, and the Macaronesian islands of the eastern Atlantic Ocean; P. amblygona (Reinhardt, 1877), native to Honshu, Japan; P. borealis (Pilsbry and Y. Hirase, 1905), native to Hokkaido, Japan along the Pacific Rim to the SW North American mountains; P. caputspinulae (Reeve, 1852), native to New Zealand and Lord Howe Island; and P. morti (J.C. Cox, 1864), native to south-eastern Australia. Within P. servilis, invasiveness appears limited to a single clade that may have arisen along the California coast. The work presented here is a reminder that taxonomic concepts that have not been subjected to empirical vetting can generate poor biodiversity perspectives and non-optimal conservation strategies when native species are treated as exotics.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142917753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-02DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae167
Xinyu Gu, Chong Chen, Kexin Gao, Yadong Zhou, Jin Sun
Red-blooded neritimorph gastropods in the subfamily Shinkailepadinae are specialists of chemosynthesis-based ecosystems, with the most diverse genus Shinkailepas endemic to deep-sea hydrothermal vents. All described Shinkailepas species have so far been from the western Pacific, despite reports of unidentified Shinkailepas from the Indian Ocean in the literature for decades. Here, we use an integrative approach to characterize and describe these Indian Ocean vent neritimorphs for the first time, based on material collected from the Carlsberg Ridge (CR) and the Central Indian Ridge (CIR). We name two new species: Shinkailepas tiarasimia sp. nov. from both the CR and the CIR, and Shinkailepas cornuthauma sp. nov. from the CR. A combination of shell and epipodial lobe characters reliably separate these new species from their described congeners. A phylogenetic reconstruction of all known Shinkailepas species using 658 bp of the mitochondrial COI gene reveal two separate major clades within the genus, each with an Indian Ocean species—implying two independent colonizations of Indian Ocean vents by separate lineages. Our finding of two new species on the CR, including one not known anywhere else, underscores the unique biodiversity at these vents and strengthens the case for protecting them from potential deep-sea mining activities.
{"title":"Integrative taxonomy of new neritimorph limpets from Indian Ocean deep-sea hot vents shed light on their biogeographic history","authors":"Xinyu Gu, Chong Chen, Kexin Gao, Yadong Zhou, Jin Sun","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae167","url":null,"abstract":"Red-blooded neritimorph gastropods in the subfamily Shinkailepadinae are specialists of chemosynthesis-based ecosystems, with the most diverse genus Shinkailepas endemic to deep-sea hydrothermal vents. All described Shinkailepas species have so far been from the western Pacific, despite reports of unidentified Shinkailepas from the Indian Ocean in the literature for decades. Here, we use an integrative approach to characterize and describe these Indian Ocean vent neritimorphs for the first time, based on material collected from the Carlsberg Ridge (CR) and the Central Indian Ridge (CIR). We name two new species: Shinkailepas tiarasimia sp. nov. from both the CR and the CIR, and Shinkailepas cornuthauma sp. nov. from the CR. A combination of shell and epipodial lobe characters reliably separate these new species from their described congeners. A phylogenetic reconstruction of all known Shinkailepas species using 658 bp of the mitochondrial COI gene reveal two separate major clades within the genus, each with an Indian Ocean species—implying two independent colonizations of Indian Ocean vents by separate lineages. Our finding of two new species on the CR, including one not known anywhere else, underscores the unique biodiversity at these vents and strengthens the case for protecting them from potential deep-sea mining activities.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142917754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-26DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae157
Mark T Young, Steven M S Gregory, Edward C Dickinson, Julian P Hume, Michael O Day, Robert P Douglas, Zoë M Simmons, Judith White, Markus O Heller, Neil J Gostling
Columbidae (the pigeon and dove family) are a speciose clade of non-passerine birds with a near global distribution. Recently, Young et al. (2024) undertook an evaluation of the systematics and nomenclature of the Dodo and its sister species the Rodrigues Solitaire. Therein, they also investigated the validity of columbid family-group names. Since publication, we have been made aware of corrections to that survey of columbid family-group names. As such, this erratum is a nomenclatural addendum to Young et al. (2024) and should be consulted alongside the original publication.
{"title":"Nomenclatural addendum to ‘The systematics and nomenclature of the Dodo and the Solitaire (Aves: Columbidae), and an overview of columbid family-group nomina’","authors":"Mark T Young, Steven M S Gregory, Edward C Dickinson, Julian P Hume, Michael O Day, Robert P Douglas, Zoë M Simmons, Judith White, Markus O Heller, Neil J Gostling","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae157","url":null,"abstract":"Columbidae (the pigeon and dove family) are a speciose clade of non-passerine birds with a near global distribution. Recently, Young et al. (2024) undertook an evaluation of the systematics and nomenclature of the Dodo and its sister species the Rodrigues Solitaire. Therein, they also investigated the validity of columbid family-group names. Since publication, we have been made aware of corrections to that survey of columbid family-group names. As such, this erratum is a nomenclatural addendum to Young et al. (2024) and should be consulted alongside the original publication.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142888932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-21DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae128
Edward A Myers, Luigie Alequín, Ayanna Browne, Kevin P Mulder, Danielle Rivera, Lauren A Esposito, Rayna C Bell, S Blair Hedges
Local adaptation to environmental heterogeneity across a landscape can result in population divergence and formation of lineages. On Guadeloupe Island, the active volcano, La Grande Soufrière, peaks at 1460 m a.s.l., with rainforest at low elevations transitioning to humid savannahs at high elevations. Two endemic sister species of Eleutherodactylus frogs are co-distributed across this habitat gradient, and previous studies have reported phenotypic differences between lowland and high-elevation populations in each species, in addition to potential ongoing hybridization between the species at high-elevation sites. Here we generate mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA genomic data along the elevational transect to quantify population genetic structure, provide historical context for the diversification of these island endemics, and identify potential bottlenecks attributable to the eruptive history of the volcano. We find that both taxa exhibit population clusters that correspond to low- and high-elevation localities; however, genetic divergence is not associated with climate variables or geographical distance. The timing of divergence between the species is estimated at ~3.75 Mya; demographic models indicate low levels of migration between the species after divergence, and we find that ongoing hybridization is likely to be limited. Finally, we find moderate heterozygosity across populations, suggesting that they were minimally impacted by recent volcanic activity. A version of this abstract translated to French can be found in the Supplementary Data. Une version de ce résumé traduite en français est disponible dans les Données Supplémentaires.
对整个地貌环境异质性的局部适应会导致种群分化和品系的形成。在瓜德罗普岛，活火山拉格兰德苏弗里耶尔峰海拔1460米，低海拔地区为热带雨林，高海拔地区为湿润的热带稀树草原。Eleutherodactylus 青蛙的两个特有姊妹种共同分布在这一生境梯度上，以前的研究曾报道过每个物种的低海拔种群和高海拔种群之间存在表型差异，此外，高海拔地区的物种之间可能正在发生杂交。在这里，我们沿着海拔横断面生成线粒体 DNA 和核 DNA 基因组数据，以量化种群遗传结构，为这些岛屿特有物种的多样化提供历史背景，并确定火山爆发历史可能造成的瓶颈。我们发现，这两个类群都呈现出与低海拔和高海拔地区相对应的种群集群；然而，遗传分化与气候变量或地理距离无关。物种之间的分化时间估计为 ~3.75 Mya；人口学模型表明，分化后物种之间的迁移水平较低，我们发现目前的杂交可能很有限。最后，我们发现种群间的杂合度适中，表明它们受近期火山活动的影响很小。本摘要的法文翻译版本见补充数据。Une version de ce résumé traduite en français est disponible dans les Données Supplémentaires.
{"title":"Population divergence in co-distributed Caribbean landfrogs (Eleutherodactylidae: Eleutherodactylus) along the Soufrière volcanic slope of Guadeloupe Island, Lesser Antilles","authors":"Edward A Myers, Luigie Alequín, Ayanna Browne, Kevin P Mulder, Danielle Rivera, Lauren A Esposito, Rayna C Bell, S Blair Hedges","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae128","url":null,"abstract":"Local adaptation to environmental heterogeneity across a landscape can result in population divergence and formation of lineages. On Guadeloupe Island, the active volcano, La Grande Soufrière, peaks at 1460 m a.s.l., with rainforest at low elevations transitioning to humid savannahs at high elevations. Two endemic sister species of Eleutherodactylus frogs are co-distributed across this habitat gradient, and previous studies have reported phenotypic differences between lowland and high-elevation populations in each species, in addition to potential ongoing hybridization between the species at high-elevation sites. Here we generate mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA genomic data along the elevational transect to quantify population genetic structure, provide historical context for the diversification of these island endemics, and identify potential bottlenecks attributable to the eruptive history of the volcano. We find that both taxa exhibit population clusters that correspond to low- and high-elevation localities; however, genetic divergence is not associated with climate variables or geographical distance. The timing of divergence between the species is estimated at ~3.75 Mya; demographic models indicate low levels of migration between the species after divergence, and we find that ongoing hybridization is likely to be limited. Finally, we find moderate heterozygosity across populations, suggesting that they were minimally impacted by recent volcanic activity. A version of this abstract translated to French can be found in the Supplementary Data. Une version de ce résumé traduite en français est disponible dans les Données Supplémentaires.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-21DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae154
Fabio Stoch, Jacques Citoleux, Dieter Weber, Alice Salussolia, Jean-François Flot
The intriguing origin and distribution of subterranean amphipods of the family Niphargidae, particularly in north-western Europe and the British Isles, were heavily influenced by Pleistocene glaciations, which obscured most ancient events. The discovery of a new species in Brittany (described herein as Niphargus quimperensis sp. nov.) that is closely related to two tiny endemic species of the British Isles (one ascribed to the genus Niphargus and the other to Niphargellus), along with further collection of specimens of Niphargellus in Europe, allowed the construction of a comprehensive molecular phylogeny and a new time-calibrated tree of the family Niphargidae. The discovery of Niphargus quimperensis sp. nov. confirmed the position of its clade as sister to all other niphargids. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis demonstrate that the genus Niphargellus is polyphyletic and must be treated as a junior synonym of Niphargus. Finally, we propose that the colonization of continental freshwater by the marine ancestors of Niphargus may have occurred in north-western Europe during the opening of the North Atlantic in the Late Cretaceous, whereas the split of Niphargus quimperensis sp. nov. from the other representatives of its clade may have been related to the isolation of Brittany from the British Isles in the Early Miocene.
{"title":"New insights into the origin and phylogeny of Niphargidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda), with description of a new species and synonymization of the genus Niphargellus with Niphargus","authors":"Fabio Stoch, Jacques Citoleux, Dieter Weber, Alice Salussolia, Jean-François Flot","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae154","url":null,"abstract":"The intriguing origin and distribution of subterranean amphipods of the family Niphargidae, particularly in north-western Europe and the British Isles, were heavily influenced by Pleistocene glaciations, which obscured most ancient events. The discovery of a new species in Brittany (described herein as Niphargus quimperensis sp. nov.) that is closely related to two tiny endemic species of the British Isles (one ascribed to the genus Niphargus and the other to Niphargellus), along with further collection of specimens of Niphargellus in Europe, allowed the construction of a comprehensive molecular phylogeny and a new time-calibrated tree of the family Niphargidae. The discovery of Niphargus quimperensis sp. nov. confirmed the position of its clade as sister to all other niphargids. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis demonstrate that the genus Niphargellus is polyphyletic and must be treated as a junior synonym of Niphargus. Finally, we propose that the colonization of continental freshwater by the marine ancestors of Niphargus may have occurred in north-western Europe during the opening of the North Atlantic in the Late Cretaceous, whereas the split of Niphargus quimperensis sp. nov. from the other representatives of its clade may have been related to the isolation of Brittany from the British Isles in the Early Miocene.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-18DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae150
Christophe Hendrickx, Mauricio A Cerroni, Federico L Agnolín, Santiago Catalano, Cátia F Ribeiro, Rafael Delcourt
Noasaurus leali is a small (~2 m) carnivorous theropod and the nominal genus of the clade Noasauridae, one of the two radiations of abelisauroid ceratosaurs predominantly present in the Southern Hemisphere during the Mesozoic. This eponymous theropod from the Maastrichtian Lecho Formation of Salta, Argentina, is known from an incomplete skeleton of which the strongly curved manual ungual is the most peculiar element. We here provide for the first time a comprehensive description of the holotypic specimens of Noasaurus, whose phylogenetic position was explored using three independent datamatrices on theropod relationships. This species is diagnosed by several apomorphies such as a dorsal ridge in the maxillary fossa, a strongly arched quadrate, a cervical neural arch with anterior epipophyseal prongs, and a manual ungual with a subtriangular flexor fossa delimited by a V-shaped ridge. Results of the phylogenetic analyses recovered Noasaurus closely related to Velocisaurus, Masiakasaurus, and Laevisuchus, which together form a Late Cretaceous radiation of small-bodied noasaurids restricted to the Southern Hemisphere. The peculiar morphology of the lateral dentition and manual unguals suggests that Noasaurus was an opportunistic carnivore feeding on small prey items and a possible piscivore gaffing fish with its specialized hand claws.
{"title":"Osteology, relationship, and feeding ecology of the theropod dinosaur Noasaurus leali, from the Late Cretaceous of North-Western Argentina","authors":"Christophe Hendrickx, Mauricio A Cerroni, Federico L Agnolín, Santiago Catalano, Cátia F Ribeiro, Rafael Delcourt","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae150","url":null,"abstract":"Noasaurus leali is a small (~2 m) carnivorous theropod and the nominal genus of the clade Noasauridae, one of the two radiations of abelisauroid ceratosaurs predominantly present in the Southern Hemisphere during the Mesozoic. This eponymous theropod from the Maastrichtian Lecho Formation of Salta, Argentina, is known from an incomplete skeleton of which the strongly curved manual ungual is the most peculiar element. We here provide for the first time a comprehensive description of the holotypic specimens of Noasaurus, whose phylogenetic position was explored using three independent datamatrices on theropod relationships. This species is diagnosed by several apomorphies such as a dorsal ridge in the maxillary fossa, a strongly arched quadrate, a cervical neural arch with anterior epipophyseal prongs, and a manual ungual with a subtriangular flexor fossa delimited by a V-shaped ridge. Results of the phylogenetic analyses recovered Noasaurus closely related to Velocisaurus, Masiakasaurus, and Laevisuchus, which together form a Late Cretaceous radiation of small-bodied noasaurids restricted to the Southern Hemisphere. The peculiar morphology of the lateral dentition and manual unguals suggests that Noasaurus was an opportunistic carnivore feeding on small prey items and a possible piscivore gaffing fish with its specialized hand claws.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-17DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae160
Piotr Gąsiorek, Martin V Sørensen, Marie Rathcke Lillemark, Frederik Leerhøi, Anders P Tøttrup
Tardigrade taxonomy is undergoing a turbulent phase of reclassifying various species that have previously been gathered within large wastebasket genera, such as Diphascon or Hypsibius. The application of genetic sequencing, paired with detailed analysis of fine morphological features in 3D using scanning electron microscopy, allow for revealing new phenotypic characters used in systematics. At the same time, resampling of previously well-sampled regions, such as the Western Palaearctic, delivers fresh and precious data. In this paper, the second from a series of publications integratively addressing the tardigrade fauna of Denmark, we focus on Hypsibius scabropygus and related species, which appeared to be common and abundant in cryptogam samples. As previously suggested by scarce molecular and morphological evidence, Hypsibius scabropygus is considerably different from other representatives of the genus Hypsibius by the presence of ramazzottiid characters. These include Ramazzottius-like claws with thinned, and thus more flexible, primary branches of external/posterior claws, apophyses for the insertion of the stylet muscles asymmetrical with respect to the frontal plane, rudimentary elliptical sensory organs, buccal tube slightly bent in posterior portion, and, finally, eggs with distinct chorion granulation laid in exuviae (known for some hypsibiids and acutuncids), and not smooth, which is otherwise typical for most hypsibiids. Consequently, the group of Hypsibius species with two small granular macroplacoids in the pharynx and pronounced cuticular sculpturing in the form of dorsoposterior protuberances or whole-dorsal tubercles is erected as Parahypsibius gen. nov. New DNA barcodes strongly support the monophyly of Hypsibiidae and recent changes in the classification of Pilatobiinae. We argue that some still poorly resolved nodes in the hypsibiid tree are the result of incomplete representation of particularly uncommon evolutionary lineages. Our abundant cryptogam samples from across Denmark demonstrate the value of involving local communities and utilizing citizen science in biodiversity monitoring and documentation.
缓步动物分类学正在经历一个动荡的阶段，即重新分类各种物种，这些物种以前被收集在大型废纸篓属中，如Diphascon或Hypsibius。基因测序的应用，加上使用扫描电子显微镜在3D中对精细形态特征的详细分析，允许揭示用于系统学的新表型特征。与此同时，对以前采样充分的地区（如西古北极）进行重新采样，可以提供新鲜而宝贵的数据。本文是综合研究丹麦缓步动物的系列出版物中的第二篇，我们重点研究了在cryptogam样本中常见且丰富的Hypsibius scabropygus及其相关物种。根据先前缺乏的分子和形态学证据，剑齿虎（Hypsibius scabropygus）与其他代表性的剑齿虎属（Hypsibius）有很大的不同，因为剑齿虎（ramazzottiid）的存在。这些特征包括ramazzottius样爪，变薄，因此更灵活，外/后爪的主要分支，茎突肌插入的突突，相对于额平面不对称，初级椭圆形感觉器官，后部分的颊管略微弯曲，最后，卵具有明显的绒毛膜肉芽，产在蜕膜中（已知的一些hypsibiids和acututids），不光滑，这是大多数hypsibiids的典型特征。因此，在咽部有两个小颗粒大placoid和明显的背后隆起或全背结节形式的表皮形状的Hypsibius属被认为是Parahypsibius gen. 11 .新的DNA条形码有力地支持了Hypsibius科的单系性和最近Pilatobiinae分类的变化。我们认为，假说树中一些仍然难以解决的节点是不完全代表特别不常见的进化谱系的结果。我们从丹麦各地收集的大量密码样本证明了参与当地社区和利用公民科学进行生物多样性监测和记录的价值。
{"title":"Too rough to be a Hypsibius: multipopulation survey accentuates the phylogenetic position and apomorphies of Hypsibius scabropygus (Eutardigrada: Hypsibiidae)","authors":"Piotr Gąsiorek, Martin V Sørensen, Marie Rathcke Lillemark, Frederik Leerhøi, Anders P Tøttrup","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae160","url":null,"abstract":"Tardigrade taxonomy is undergoing a turbulent phase of reclassifying various species that have previously been gathered within large wastebasket genera, such as Diphascon or Hypsibius. The application of genetic sequencing, paired with detailed analysis of fine morphological features in 3D using scanning electron microscopy, allow for revealing new phenotypic characters used in systematics. At the same time, resampling of previously well-sampled regions, such as the Western Palaearctic, delivers fresh and precious data. In this paper, the second from a series of publications integratively addressing the tardigrade fauna of Denmark, we focus on Hypsibius scabropygus and related species, which appeared to be common and abundant in cryptogam samples. As previously suggested by scarce molecular and morphological evidence, Hypsibius scabropygus is considerably different from other representatives of the genus Hypsibius by the presence of ramazzottiid characters. These include Ramazzottius-like claws with thinned, and thus more flexible, primary branches of external/posterior claws, apophyses for the insertion of the stylet muscles asymmetrical with respect to the frontal plane, rudimentary elliptical sensory organs, buccal tube slightly bent in posterior portion, and, finally, eggs with distinct chorion granulation laid in exuviae (known for some hypsibiids and acutuncids), and not smooth, which is otherwise typical for most hypsibiids. Consequently, the group of Hypsibius species with two small granular macroplacoids in the pharynx and pronounced cuticular sculpturing in the form of dorsoposterior protuberances or whole-dorsal tubercles is erected as Parahypsibius gen. nov. New DNA barcodes strongly support the monophyly of Hypsibiidae and recent changes in the classification of Pilatobiinae. We argue that some still poorly resolved nodes in the hypsibiid tree are the result of incomplete representation of particularly uncommon evolutionary lineages. Our abundant cryptogam samples from across Denmark demonstrate the value of involving local communities and utilizing citizen science in biodiversity monitoring and documentation.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-17DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae161
Léo Laborieux
Venom is a metabolically expensive secretion used sparingly in a variety of ecological contexts, most notably predation and defence. Accordingly, few animals employ their toxins from a distance, and venom-squirting behaviour is only known from select taxa. In scorpions, species belonging to two genera are known to spray venom when threatened, and previous work in Parabuthus transvaalicus shows that venom delivery depends on perceived levels of threat. Here, I describe Tityus (Tityus) achilles sp. nov., a new species of buthid scorpion from Cundinamarca, Colombia. Remarkably, this species is capable of venom spraying, a first for both the genus and the South American continent. Using frame-by-frame video analysis and ballistic equations, I show that T. (Tityus) achilles sp. nov. employs not one, but two types of airborne defences with dramatic differences in reach and venom expenditure. Further, the new species uses an unusually large reserve of prevenom-like secretion for spraying, as opposed to the costly venom used by other spraying scorpions. In light of these key specializations, I propose that toxungen spraying convergently evolved in response to different selection pressures, laying the groundwork for future investigation.
{"title":"Biomechanics of venom delivery in South America’s first toxungen-spraying scorpion","authors":"Léo Laborieux","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae161","url":null,"abstract":"Venom is a metabolically expensive secretion used sparingly in a variety of ecological contexts, most notably predation and defence. Accordingly, few animals employ their toxins from a distance, and venom-squirting behaviour is only known from select taxa. In scorpions, species belonging to two genera are known to spray venom when threatened, and previous work in Parabuthus transvaalicus shows that venom delivery depends on perceived levels of threat. Here, I describe Tityus (Tityus) achilles sp. nov., a new species of buthid scorpion from Cundinamarca, Colombia. Remarkably, this species is capable of venom spraying, a first for both the genus and the South American continent. Using frame-by-frame video analysis and ballistic equations, I show that T. (Tityus) achilles sp. nov. employs not one, but two types of airborne defences with dramatic differences in reach and venom expenditure. Further, the new species uses an unusually large reserve of prevenom-like secretion for spraying, as opposed to the costly venom used by other spraying scorpions. In light of these key specializations, I propose that toxungen spraying convergently evolved in response to different selection pressures, laying the groundwork for future investigation.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-16DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae116
Raúl Araya-Donoso, Ítalo Tamburrino, Esteban San Juan, Madeleine Lamborot
Organisms in adaptive radiations are able to diversify and colonize multiple environments. Frequently, the evolution of key adaptations enables organisms to confront novel environmental challenges, promoting diversification. Here, we studied desert colonization in the Liolaemus radiation. We assessed the patterns of climatic niche evolution in the L. nigromaculatus section, one Liolaemus clade inhabiting the Atacama Desert. We found that evolution toward arid conditions occurred in two clades independently: one clade colonized the desert through warm coastal environments, and the other through cold highland environments on the Andes Mountains. The precipitation climatic niche evolved fast and early during this clade’s evolutionary history, following an early burst (EB) model of evolution, whereas the thermal climatic niche evolved under Brownian motion (BM) and at a lower rate. Additionally, we explored some features that could have facilitated desert colonization: a higher chromosome number was associated with warmer temperatures, lower selected body temperatures were associated with higher environmental temperatures and drier climates, larger and more elongated bodies with colder environments, and longer limbs and tails were associated with higher thermal variation. Our results highlight that organisms can confront challenging environments in multiple ways such that some niche axes may evolve faster during the colonization of novel environments, and that radiated groups may have the evolutionary potential to rapidly evolve these adaptations.
{"title":"Climatic niche evolution and desert colonization in a South American lizard radiation","authors":"Raúl Araya-Donoso, Ítalo Tamburrino, Esteban San Juan, Madeleine Lamborot","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae116","url":null,"abstract":"Organisms in adaptive radiations are able to diversify and colonize multiple environments. Frequently, the evolution of key adaptations enables organisms to confront novel environmental challenges, promoting diversification. Here, we studied desert colonization in the Liolaemus radiation. We assessed the patterns of climatic niche evolution in the L. nigromaculatus section, one Liolaemus clade inhabiting the Atacama Desert. We found that evolution toward arid conditions occurred in two clades independently: one clade colonized the desert through warm coastal environments, and the other through cold highland environments on the Andes Mountains. The precipitation climatic niche evolved fast and early during this clade’s evolutionary history, following an early burst (EB) model of evolution, whereas the thermal climatic niche evolved under Brownian motion (BM) and at a lower rate. Additionally, we explored some features that could have facilitated desert colonization: a higher chromosome number was associated with warmer temperatures, lower selected body temperatures were associated with higher environmental temperatures and drier climates, larger and more elongated bodies with colder environments, and longer limbs and tails were associated with higher thermal variation. Our results highlight that organisms can confront challenging environments in multiple ways such that some niche axes may evolve faster during the colonization of novel environments, and that radiated groups may have the evolutionary potential to rapidly evolve these adaptations.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142832237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-16DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae156
Lísie V S Damke, Max C Langer, Átila A S Da-Rosa, Rodrigo T Müller
Dinosaurs arose in the Late Triassic and diversified during the subsequent periods of the Mesozoic Era. The oldest unequivocal dinosaurs come from Carnian deposits of Brazil, Argentina, India, and Zimbabwe, with sauropodomorphs representing the bulk of this record. Saturnalia tupiniquim was described from Brazilian strata in 1999 as the first Carnian member of that group. Although several new species and specimens of coeval sauropodomorphs have been described in recent years, no new material has been formally assigned to that species. In this contribution, we describe an association of at least three partially preserved individuals of S. tupiniquim (UFSM 11660), which was excavated from the S. tupiniquim type-locality (Late Triassic of the Santa Maria Formation) and preserves cranial and postcranial elements, including the first rostrum known for the species. Assigned to S. tupiniquim according to several lines of evidence, the new specimen has a proportionally short rostrum, compared to that of coeval sauropodomorphs, providing evidence for a reduced skull in S. tupiniquim. In addition, we investigated the intraspecific variation in S. tupiniquim, highlighting the need to understand the morphological limits of such variations among the earliest dinosaurs, in order to properly explore their alpha diversity.
恐龙产生于三叠纪晚期，并在中生代随后的时期中多样化。最古老的明确恐龙来自巴西、阿根廷、印度和津巴布韦的卡尼亚沉积层，其中大部分是蜥脚类恐龙。Saturnalia tupiniquim于1999年在巴西地层中被描述为该类恐龙的第一个卡尼亚时期成员。尽管近年来描述了几个新物种和共生的蜥脚类标本，但还没有新材料被正式归入该物种。在本文中，我们描述了一个至少由三个部分保存的 S. tupiniquim（UFSM 11660）个体组成的联合体，该联合体出土于 S. tupiniquim 的模式产地（圣玛丽亚地层晚三叠世），保留了颅骨和颅后部分，包括该物种已知的第一个喙。与同时期的蜥脚类相比，这一新标本的喙短得不成比例，为蜥脚类头骨缩小提供了证据。此外，我们还研究了S. tupiniquim的种内变异，强调有必要了解这种变异在最早的恐龙中的形态界限，以便正确探讨它们的阿尔法多样性。
{"title":"New specimens of Saturnalia tupiniquim (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha): insights into intraspecific variation, rostral anatomy, and skull size","authors":"Lísie V S Damke, Max C Langer, Átila A S Da-Rosa, Rodrigo T Müller","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae156","url":null,"abstract":"Dinosaurs arose in the Late Triassic and diversified during the subsequent periods of the Mesozoic Era. The oldest unequivocal dinosaurs come from Carnian deposits of Brazil, Argentina, India, and Zimbabwe, with sauropodomorphs representing the bulk of this record. Saturnalia tupiniquim was described from Brazilian strata in 1999 as the first Carnian member of that group. Although several new species and specimens of coeval sauropodomorphs have been described in recent years, no new material has been formally assigned to that species. In this contribution, we describe an association of at least three partially preserved individuals of S. tupiniquim (UFSM 11660), which was excavated from the S. tupiniquim type-locality (Late Triassic of the Santa Maria Formation) and preserves cranial and postcranial elements, including the first rostrum known for the species. Assigned to S. tupiniquim according to several lines of evidence, the new specimen has a proportionally short rostrum, compared to that of coeval sauropodomorphs, providing evidence for a reduced skull in S. tupiniquim. In addition, we investigated the intraspecific variation in S. tupiniquim, highlighting the need to understand the morphological limits of such variations among the earliest dinosaurs, in order to properly explore their alpha diversity.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142832238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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