Aphids (Aphididae) are intensively studied due to their significance as pests and their captivating biological traits. Despite this interest, the evolutionary history of this insect family is poorly understood. Recent phylogenomic analyses have produced conflicting topologies, complicating our understanding of aphid trait evolution. In this work, we aimed to unravel the backbone phylogeny of aphids. We sequenced partial and whole mitochondrial genomes from 87 species. We additionally sequenced 42 nuclear loci across 95 aphid species and sourced 146 genes from 12 new and 61 published genomes from aphid obligate endosymbiont, Buchnera aphidicola. We obtained data from these three sources for a subset of aphid species, facilitating a comparative analysis of their signal. Our analyses confirm the monophyly of most subfamilies, validating current taxonomic classifications. However, relationships between subfamilies remain contentious in both mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies. The topologies obtained with Buchnera are fully resolved but disagree with host phylogenies at deep evolutionary scales and conflict with views on the evolution of aphid morphology. We discuss alternative hypotheses for these discrepancies. Finally, the paucity of phylogenetic information at deep timescales may stem from an initial rapid radiation. Though challenging to establish, this scenario may inherently hinder resolution in aphid phylogenetics.
{"title":"Discordance between mitochondrial, nuclear, and symbiont genomes in aphid phylogenetics: who is telling the truth?","authors":"Emmanuelle Jousselin, Armelle Coeur d’acier, Anne-Laure Clamens, Maxime Galan, Corinne Cruaud, Valérie Barbe, Alejandro Manzano-Marín","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae098","url":null,"abstract":"Aphids (Aphididae) are intensively studied due to their significance as pests and their captivating biological traits. Despite this interest, the evolutionary history of this insect family is poorly understood. Recent phylogenomic analyses have produced conflicting topologies, complicating our understanding of aphid trait evolution. In this work, we aimed to unravel the backbone phylogeny of aphids. We sequenced partial and whole mitochondrial genomes from 87 species. We additionally sequenced 42 nuclear loci across 95 aphid species and sourced 146 genes from 12 new and 61 published genomes from aphid obligate endosymbiont, Buchnera aphidicola. We obtained data from these three sources for a subset of aphid species, facilitating a comparative analysis of their signal. Our analyses confirm the monophyly of most subfamilies, validating current taxonomic classifications. However, relationships between subfamilies remain contentious in both mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies. The topologies obtained with Buchnera are fully resolved but disagree with host phylogenies at deep evolutionary scales and conflict with views on the evolution of aphid morphology. We discuss alternative hypotheses for these discrepancies. Finally, the paucity of phylogenetic information at deep timescales may stem from an initial rapid radiation. Though challenging to establish, this scenario may inherently hinder resolution in aphid phylogenetics.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142084676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-19DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae102
Eva C D Stewart, Guadalupe Bribiesca-Contreras, Johanna N J Weston, Adrian G Glover, Tammy Horton
Valettietta Lincoln & Thurston, 1983 (Amphipoda: Alicelloidea) is an infrequently sampled genus of scavenging amphipod, with a known bathymetric range from 17–5467 m encompassing a variety of habitats from anchialine caves to abyssal plains. Molecular systematics studies have uncovered cryptic speciation in specimens collected from the abyssal Pacific, highlighting uncertainty in the description of Valettietta anacantha (Birstein & Vinogradov, 1963). Here, we apply an integrative taxonomic approach and describe two new species, Valettietta trottarum sp. nov. and Valettietta synchlys sp. nov., collected at abyssal depths in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean. Both species can be distinguished by characters of the gnathopods, uropod 3, and the inner plate of the maxilliped. Further, molecular phylogenetic analyses of two mitochondrial (16S rDNA and COI) and two nuclear (Histone 3 and 28S rRNA) regions found both new species to form well-supported clades and allowed us to re-identify previously published records based on genetic species delimitation. The biogeography of Valettietta is discussed in light of these re-evaluated records, and a new taxonomic key to the genus is provided. These new taxa highlight the strength of applying an integrated taxonomic approach to uncover biodiversity, which is critical in regions being explored for potential industrial purposes.
{"title":"Biogeography and phylogeny of the scavenging amphipod genus Valettietta (Amphipoda: Alicelloidea), with descriptions of two new species from the abyssal Pacific Ocean","authors":"Eva C D Stewart, Guadalupe Bribiesca-Contreras, Johanna N J Weston, Adrian G Glover, Tammy Horton","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae102","url":null,"abstract":"Valettietta Lincoln & Thurston, 1983 (Amphipoda: Alicelloidea) is an infrequently sampled genus of scavenging amphipod, with a known bathymetric range from 17–5467 m encompassing a variety of habitats from anchialine caves to abyssal plains. Molecular systematics studies have uncovered cryptic speciation in specimens collected from the abyssal Pacific, highlighting uncertainty in the description of Valettietta anacantha (Birstein & Vinogradov, 1963). Here, we apply an integrative taxonomic approach and describe two new species, Valettietta trottarum sp. nov. and Valettietta synchlys sp. nov., collected at abyssal depths in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean. Both species can be distinguished by characters of the gnathopods, uropod 3, and the inner plate of the maxilliped. Further, molecular phylogenetic analyses of two mitochondrial (16S rDNA and COI) and two nuclear (Histone 3 and 28S rRNA) regions found both new species to form well-supported clades and allowed us to re-identify previously published records based on genetic species delimitation. The biogeography of Valettietta is discussed in light of these re-evaluated records, and a new taxonomic key to the genus is provided. These new taxa highlight the strength of applying an integrated taxonomic approach to uncover biodiversity, which is critical in regions being explored for potential industrial purposes.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142007360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-19DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae099
Wolfgang Wüster, Hinrich Kaiser, Marinus S Hoogmoed, Luis M P Ceríaco, Lutz Dirksen, Christophe Dufresnes, Frank Glaw, Axel Hille, Jörn Köhler, Thore Koppetsch, Konstantin D Milto, Glenn M Shea, David Tarkhnishvili, Scott A Thomson, Miguel Vences, Wolfgang Böhme
A recent revision of the anacondas (Serpentes: Boidae: Eunectes), with the description of a new species of green anaconda, generated extensive publicity, but also provoked considerable controversy due to inadequacies of the evidence used and errors in nomenclature. We here use the case of this problematic publication to: (i) highlight common issues affecting species delimitations, especially an over-reliance on mitochondrial DNA data, and reiterate best practices; (ii) reanalyse the data available for anacondas to establish the true current state of knowledge and to highlight lines of further research; and (iii) analyse the nomenclatural history and status of the genus. While our analysis reveals significant morphological variation in both green and yellow anacondas, denser sampling and an analysis of informative nuclear markers are required for meaningful species delimitation in Eunectes. Tracing the history of name-bearing types establishes Trinidad as the type locality for Boa murina Linnaeus, 1758 and allows identification of the extant lectotype for the species. Finally, we emphasize the responsibility of both journals and authors to ensure that published taxonomic work meets the burden of evidence required to substantiate new species descriptions and that species are named in compliance with the rules of zoological nomenclature.
{"title":"How not to describe a species: lessons from a tangle of anacondas (Boidae: Eunectes Wagler, 1830)","authors":"Wolfgang Wüster, Hinrich Kaiser, Marinus S Hoogmoed, Luis M P Ceríaco, Lutz Dirksen, Christophe Dufresnes, Frank Glaw, Axel Hille, Jörn Köhler, Thore Koppetsch, Konstantin D Milto, Glenn M Shea, David Tarkhnishvili, Scott A Thomson, Miguel Vences, Wolfgang Böhme","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae099","url":null,"abstract":"A recent revision of the anacondas (Serpentes: Boidae: Eunectes), with the description of a new species of green anaconda, generated extensive publicity, but also provoked considerable controversy due to inadequacies of the evidence used and errors in nomenclature. We here use the case of this problematic publication to: (i) highlight common issues affecting species delimitations, especially an over-reliance on mitochondrial DNA data, and reiterate best practices; (ii) reanalyse the data available for anacondas to establish the true current state of knowledge and to highlight lines of further research; and (iii) analyse the nomenclatural history and status of the genus. While our analysis reveals significant morphological variation in both green and yellow anacondas, denser sampling and an analysis of informative nuclear markers are required for meaningful species delimitation in Eunectes. Tracing the history of name-bearing types establishes Trinidad as the type locality for Boa murina Linnaeus, 1758 and allows identification of the extant lectotype for the species. Finally, we emphasize the responsibility of both journals and authors to ensure that published taxonomic work meets the burden of evidence required to substantiate new species descriptions and that species are named in compliance with the rules of zoological nomenclature.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142007507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-16DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae086
Mark T Young, Julian P Hume, Michael O Day, Robert P Douglas, Zoë M Simmons, Judith White, Markus O Heller, Neil J Gostling
The Dodo and its extinct sister species, the Solitaire, are iconic exemplars of the destructive capabilities of humanity. These secondarily terrestrial columbids became extinct within a century of their first encounter with humanity. Their rapid extinction, with little material retained in natural history collections, led 18th and some early 19th century naturalists to believe that these aberrant birds were mythological. This meant that the nomenclatural publications in which their scientific nomina were established were based on accounts written before the species became extinct. As such, no type specimens were designated for either the Dodo or the Solitaire. Our in-depth historical overview of both species and associated family-group nomina found that the nominal authority of the Dodo-based family group is not what is reported in the literature. Moreover, our detailed review of the family-group nomina based on columbid genera ensures that the current columbid family-group systematization is valid. Changing nomenclatural norms between the 19th and 20th centuries had a profound impact on Dodo nomenclature; so much so that the Dodo is an example of how pervasive nomenclatural ‘ripples’ can be and a warning for our current world of multiple nomenclatural codes.
{"title":"The systematics and nomenclature of the Dodo and the Solitaire (Aves: Columbidae), and an overview of columbid family-group nomina","authors":"Mark T Young, Julian P Hume, Michael O Day, Robert P Douglas, Zoë M Simmons, Judith White, Markus O Heller, Neil J Gostling","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae086","url":null,"abstract":"The Dodo and its extinct sister species, the Solitaire, are iconic exemplars of the destructive capabilities of humanity. These secondarily terrestrial columbids became extinct within a century of their first encounter with humanity. Their rapid extinction, with little material retained in natural history collections, led 18th and some early 19th century naturalists to believe that these aberrant birds were mythological. This meant that the nomenclatural publications in which their scientific nomina were established were based on accounts written before the species became extinct. As such, no type specimens were designated for either the Dodo or the Solitaire. Our in-depth historical overview of both species and associated family-group nomina found that the nominal authority of the Dodo-based family group is not what is reported in the literature. Moreover, our detailed review of the family-group nomina based on columbid genera ensures that the current columbid family-group systematization is valid. Changing nomenclatural norms between the 19th and 20th centuries had a profound impact on Dodo nomenclature; so much so that the Dodo is an example of how pervasive nomenclatural ‘ripples’ can be and a warning for our current world of multiple nomenclatural codes.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141991930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-10DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae097
William Foster, Paul Gensbigler, Jacob D Wilson, Roger M H Smith, Tyler R Lyson, Gabriel S Bever
The stem lineage of Archosauria is populated by a diverse fossil record that remains notably understudied relative to the crown clade. Prominent among these specimens is a beautifully preserved skull of the early mid-Triassic rhynchosaur Mesosuchus browni [Iziko South African Museum (SAM) 6536], whose phylogenetic position has considerable influence on patterns of pan-archosaurian cranial evolution. We used high-resolution, micro-computed tomography to re-examine the anatomy of this specimen, building on previous studies that were either limited to external observations or restricted to the braincase. A digital segmentation of the cranial elements and primary neurovascular canals of SAM-PK-6536 allows for expanded character scoring and constitutes a foundation for future comparative insights. Our data support the phylogenetically oldest instance of a pneumatized maxilla in a pan-archosaur, bringing the record of antorbital pneumatization into closer alignment with that of the neurocranium. The nasal cavity and primary palate of Mesosuchus includes a complex septomaxilla, a novel element anterior to the vomer, and is likely to have supported a well-developed vomeronasal system. The evolution of this system is discussed in terms of both phylogenetic pattern and how the skeletal architecture of Mesosuchus and other fossils could inform the signalling dynamics that pattern the vomeronasal system during development.
{"title":"Cranial anatomy of the Triassic rhynchosaur Mesosuchus browni based on computed tomography, with a discussion of the vomeronasal system and its deep history in Reptilia","authors":"William Foster, Paul Gensbigler, Jacob D Wilson, Roger M H Smith, Tyler R Lyson, Gabriel S Bever","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae097","url":null,"abstract":"The stem lineage of Archosauria is populated by a diverse fossil record that remains notably understudied relative to the crown clade. Prominent among these specimens is a beautifully preserved skull of the early mid-Triassic rhynchosaur Mesosuchus browni [Iziko South African Museum (SAM) 6536], whose phylogenetic position has considerable influence on patterns of pan-archosaurian cranial evolution. We used high-resolution, micro-computed tomography to re-examine the anatomy of this specimen, building on previous studies that were either limited to external observations or restricted to the braincase. A digital segmentation of the cranial elements and primary neurovascular canals of SAM-PK-6536 allows for expanded character scoring and constitutes a foundation for future comparative insights. Our data support the phylogenetically oldest instance of a pneumatized maxilla in a pan-archosaur, bringing the record of antorbital pneumatization into closer alignment with that of the neurocranium. The nasal cavity and primary palate of Mesosuchus includes a complex septomaxilla, a novel element anterior to the vomer, and is likely to have supported a well-developed vomeronasal system. The evolution of this system is discussed in terms of both phylogenetic pattern and how the skeletal architecture of Mesosuchus and other fossils could inform the signalling dynamics that pattern the vomeronasal system during development.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141915113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-10DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae093
Vinicius S Ferreira, André S Roza, Felipe F Barbosa, Viridiana Vega-Badillo, Santiago Zaragoza-Caballero, José Ricardo M Mermudes, Michael A Ivie, Aslak K Hansen, Adam J Brunke, Hume B Douglas, Alexey Solodovnikov, Robin Kundrata
Phengodidae (Coleoptera: Elateroidea), commonly known as glowworm beetles, are a small family of bioluminescent and paedomorphic beetles. There are few phylogenetic studies of Phengodidae, and these are mostly discordant, especially when comparing morphology-based and molecular-based phylogenetic hypotheses. Here, we used the anchored hybrid enrichment approach to undertake the first phylogenomic analysis of Phengodidae (≤358 loci and 39 taxa) and evaluate the higher-level classification of the group. In agreement with previous molecular studies, we recovered Phengodidae as sister to Rhagophthalmidae, and the Old World Cydistinae as sister to all New World Phengodidae. In contrast to previous hypotheses, both Phengodinae and Mastinocerinae were each recovered as monophyletic. Cenophengus was found to be sister to Mastinocerinae, in contrast to some previous hypotheses that placed it as sister to all New World Phengodidae. Considering its morphological divergence, we here establish Cenophenginae subfam. nov. Despite the largest and most comprehensive sampling of Phengodidae in any molecular-based study to date, we had only limited success in revealing the relationships among genera within the most species-rich subfamily, Mastinocerinae. Further studies should focus on the phylogeny and classification of this taxonomically neglected subfamily, on the phylogenetic placement of enigmatic Penicillophorinae, and on seeking morphological support for the main clades of Phengodidae.
{"title":"Phylogenomics of Phengodidae (Coleoptera: Elateroidea): towards a natural classification of a bioluminescent and paedomorphic beetle lineage, with recognition of a new subfamily","authors":"Vinicius S Ferreira, André S Roza, Felipe F Barbosa, Viridiana Vega-Badillo, Santiago Zaragoza-Caballero, José Ricardo M Mermudes, Michael A Ivie, Aslak K Hansen, Adam J Brunke, Hume B Douglas, Alexey Solodovnikov, Robin Kundrata","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae093","url":null,"abstract":"Phengodidae (Coleoptera: Elateroidea), commonly known as glowworm beetles, are a small family of bioluminescent and paedomorphic beetles. There are few phylogenetic studies of Phengodidae, and these are mostly discordant, especially when comparing morphology-based and molecular-based phylogenetic hypotheses. Here, we used the anchored hybrid enrichment approach to undertake the first phylogenomic analysis of Phengodidae (≤358 loci and 39 taxa) and evaluate the higher-level classification of the group. In agreement with previous molecular studies, we recovered Phengodidae as sister to Rhagophthalmidae, and the Old World Cydistinae as sister to all New World Phengodidae. In contrast to previous hypotheses, both Phengodinae and Mastinocerinae were each recovered as monophyletic. Cenophengus was found to be sister to Mastinocerinae, in contrast to some previous hypotheses that placed it as sister to all New World Phengodidae. Considering its morphological divergence, we here establish Cenophenginae subfam. nov. Despite the largest and most comprehensive sampling of Phengodidae in any molecular-based study to date, we had only limited success in revealing the relationships among genera within the most species-rich subfamily, Mastinocerinae. Further studies should focus on the phylogeny and classification of this taxonomically neglected subfamily, on the phylogenetic placement of enigmatic Penicillophorinae, and on seeking morphological support for the main clades of Phengodidae.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141915108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae082
Andrej Čerňanský, Richard Smith, Thierry Smith, Annelise Folie
Here we report on anguimorph lizards from the earliest Eocene (MP 7) of the Dormaal locality in Belgium, from the time of the warmest global climate of the past 66 million years. Several clades can be identified in this site: Glyptosauridae, Varanidae, and Palaeovaranidae. Our study focuses on glyptosaurid specimens previously reported from the site, some of which had been provisionally described as a new species,?Placosaurus ragei, and some assigned to an unnamed Placosauriops-like ‘melanosaurine’. Our study presents data on new material, including an almost complete glyptosaurine frontal that has enabled us to assign much of the previously described material to a single genus and species. The specimens that had been assigned to both ?P ragei and the ‘melanosaurine’ share apomorphies (flat osteoderms and chevron-shaped osteoderms) with Gaultia, a glyptosaurid previously known from the earliest Eocene of Wyoming, USA. The Dormaal material represents the first record of this genus outside North America. In fact, the only potential evidence of the occurrence of ‘Melanosaurinae’ in Dormaal might be a single isolated vertebra described here. Here we also describe previously unfigured material of Saniwa and palaeovaranids from Dormaal. The presence of previously reported helodermatids cannot be supported in this Belgian site.
{"title":"Timing of intercontinental faunal migrations: Anguimorph lizards from the earliest Eocene (MP 7) of Dormaal, Belgium","authors":"Andrej Čerňanský, Richard Smith, Thierry Smith, Annelise Folie","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae082","url":null,"abstract":"Here we report on anguimorph lizards from the earliest Eocene (MP 7) of the Dormaal locality in Belgium, from the time of the warmest global climate of the past 66 million years. Several clades can be identified in this site: Glyptosauridae, Varanidae, and Palaeovaranidae. Our study focuses on glyptosaurid specimens previously reported from the site, some of which had been provisionally described as a new species,?Placosaurus ragei, and some assigned to an unnamed Placosauriops-like ‘melanosaurine’. Our study presents data on new material, including an almost complete glyptosaurine frontal that has enabled us to assign much of the previously described material to a single genus and species. The specimens that had been assigned to both ?P ragei and the ‘melanosaurine’ share apomorphies (flat osteoderms and chevron-shaped osteoderms) with Gaultia, a glyptosaurid previously known from the earliest Eocene of Wyoming, USA. The Dormaal material represents the first record of this genus outside North America. In fact, the only potential evidence of the occurrence of ‘Melanosaurinae’ in Dormaal might be a single isolated vertebra described here. Here we also describe previously unfigured material of Saniwa and palaeovaranids from Dormaal. The presence of previously reported helodermatids cannot be supported in this Belgian site.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141910225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae096
Paweł Kaczmarek, Brian Metscher, Magdalena Kowalska, Weronika Rupik
The egg tooth of squamates is a true tooth that allows them to break, tear, or cut the eggshell during hatching. In this clade there are some uncertainties concerning the egg tooth implantation geometry, the number of germs, and their fates during embryonic development. Here, we used X-ray microtomography and light microscopy, focusing on the egg tooth and remaining premaxillary teeth of the sand lizard (Lacerta agilis, Squamata: Unidentata). The developing egg tooth of this species passes through all the classic stages of tooth development. We did not find any evidence that the large size of the egg tooth is related to the merging of two egg tooth germs, which has recently been suggested to occur in snakes. Instead, this feature can be attributed to the delayed formation of the neighbouring regular premaxillary teeth. This might provide more resources to the developing egg tooth. At the last developmental stage, the egg tooth is a large, midline structure, bent forward as in most oviparous Unidentata. It is characterized by pleurodont implantation, and its base is attached to the pleura and a peculiar ridge of the alveolar bone. The attachment tissue contains periodontal ligament-like tissue, acellular cementum-like tissue, and alveolar bone.
有鳞类的卵齿是一种真正的牙齿，可以让它们在孵化过程中打破、撕裂或切割蛋壳。在该类群中，关于卵齿植入的几何形状、胚芽数量及其在胚胎发育过程中的命运还存在一些不确定性。在这里，我们使用了 X 射线显微层析技术和光学显微镜，重点研究了沙蜥（Lacerta agilis，有鳞目：单齿蜥科）的卵齿和剩余的前颌齿。该物种正在发育的卵齿经历了牙齿发育的所有典型阶段。我们没有发现任何证据表明，卵齿的大尺寸与两个卵齿胚芽的合并有关，而最近有人认为蛇类也会出现这种情况。相反，这一特征可归因于邻近的常规前颌牙齿的延迟形成。这可能为发育中的卵齿提供了更多的资源。在最后一个发育阶段，卵齿是一个巨大的中线结构，与大多数卵生单齿类动物一样向前弯曲。它的特点是胸膜种植，其基部附着在胸膜和牙槽骨的一个特殊脊上。附着组织包括牙周韧带样组织、无细胞骨水泥样组织和牙槽骨。
{"title":"Breaking through the eggshell: embryonic development of the premaxillary dentition in Lacerta agilis (Squamata: Unidentata) with special emphasis on the egg tooth","authors":"Paweł Kaczmarek, Brian Metscher, Magdalena Kowalska, Weronika Rupik","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae096","url":null,"abstract":"The egg tooth of squamates is a true tooth that allows them to break, tear, or cut the eggshell during hatching. In this clade there are some uncertainties concerning the egg tooth implantation geometry, the number of germs, and their fates during embryonic development. Here, we used X-ray microtomography and light microscopy, focusing on the egg tooth and remaining premaxillary teeth of the sand lizard (Lacerta agilis, Squamata: Unidentata). The developing egg tooth of this species passes through all the classic stages of tooth development. We did not find any evidence that the large size of the egg tooth is related to the merging of two egg tooth germs, which has recently been suggested to occur in snakes. Instead, this feature can be attributed to the delayed formation of the neighbouring regular premaxillary teeth. This might provide more resources to the developing egg tooth. At the last developmental stage, the egg tooth is a large, midline structure, bent forward as in most oviparous Unidentata. It is characterized by pleurodont implantation, and its base is attached to the pleura and a peculiar ridge of the alveolar bone. The attachment tissue contains periodontal ligament-like tissue, acellular cementum-like tissue, and alveolar bone.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141910295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae036
Hanna S Rosinger, Olga Kardailsky, Martyn Kennedy, Hamish G Spencer, Florian M Steiner, Birgit C Schlick-Steiner, Nicolas J Rawlence, Michael Knapp
The origin and evolution in the Southern Hemisphere of the Austral teals, consisting of the grey-teal and brown-teal species complexes, remains poorly understood owing to limited molecular data. With the group containing multiple independent examples of flight loss, understanding the evolutionary history of the group is of significant interest for functional genomic studies into the evolution of flightlessness. Here, we present the first whole-mitogenome-based phylogeny of the Austral teals. We show that the group diverged from a common ancestor with mallards in the late Miocene and soon after radiated into the brown-teal and grey-teal lineages, in addition to the widely distributed pintails and green-winged teals. The brown-teal species complex, which includes the volant brown teal, the flight-impaired, sub-Antarctic Auckland Island teal, and the flightless, Chatham Island and sub-Antarctic Campbell Island teals, radiated within the past 0.9–1.8 Myr. The divergence of the extinct Chatham Island teal and the colonization of the Auckland and Campbell Islands occurred from mainland New Zealand. Morphological changes towards flightlessness are also present in the volant brown teal on mainland New Zealand, suggesting that this group was on the pathway to flightlessness, a trend that accelerated in some insular island lineages.
{"title":"The radiation of Austral teals (Aves: Anseriformes) and the evolution of flightlessness","authors":"Hanna S Rosinger, Olga Kardailsky, Martyn Kennedy, Hamish G Spencer, Florian M Steiner, Birgit C Schlick-Steiner, Nicolas J Rawlence, Michael Knapp","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae036","url":null,"abstract":"The origin and evolution in the Southern Hemisphere of the Austral teals, consisting of the grey-teal and brown-teal species complexes, remains poorly understood owing to limited molecular data. With the group containing multiple independent examples of flight loss, understanding the evolutionary history of the group is of significant interest for functional genomic studies into the evolution of flightlessness. Here, we present the first whole-mitogenome-based phylogeny of the Austral teals. We show that the group diverged from a common ancestor with mallards in the late Miocene and soon after radiated into the brown-teal and grey-teal lineages, in addition to the widely distributed pintails and green-winged teals. The brown-teal species complex, which includes the volant brown teal, the flight-impaired, sub-Antarctic Auckland Island teal, and the flightless, Chatham Island and sub-Antarctic Campbell Island teals, radiated within the past 0.9–1.8 Myr. The divergence of the extinct Chatham Island teal and the colonization of the Auckland and Campbell Islands occurred from mainland New Zealand. Morphological changes towards flightlessness are also present in the volant brown teal on mainland New Zealand, suggesting that this group was on the pathway to flightlessness, a trend that accelerated in some insular island lineages.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141909174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae080
Daniel Dols-Serrate, Giacinta Angela Stocchino, Paula Nuin-Villabona, Ronald Sluys, Marta Riutort
A recent study on the freshwater planarian fauna of Corsica and Sardinia established that the formerly presumed single species Dugesia benazzii subsumed a complex of species. In that study, a thorough integrative taxonomic approach, combining molecular, morphological, and karyological data, uncovered the presence of two new endemic species. For the present study, additional samplings were conducted on Corsica, covering several new localities. The data obtained were added to our previous datasets, which included information on specimens collected from both islands. By taking a similar integrative approach to the prior study, we here describe another new endemic species from Corsica, Dugesia xeropotamica. Although our results support the separate status of this new species, it also turned out that the evolutionary relationships among species of the Corso-Sardinian clade remain unclear, because the relationships are not well resolved. Additionally, we corroborate the presence of Dugesia mariae on the Tyrrhenian islets of Montecristo and Molara, representing new records for this group of Dugesia species in the region of the Tyrrhenian Sea. In all, our findings indicate that the evolutionary and biogeographical history of Dugesia species in this region of the Western Mediterranean is more intricate than previously thought.
{"title":"New insights into the evolution and biogeography of freshwater planarians on islands in the Tyrrhenian Sea, Western Mediterranean Basin, with the integrative description of a new endemic species from Corsica (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Dugesia)","authors":"Daniel Dols-Serrate, Giacinta Angela Stocchino, Paula Nuin-Villabona, Ronald Sluys, Marta Riutort","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae080","url":null,"abstract":"A recent study on the freshwater planarian fauna of Corsica and Sardinia established that the formerly presumed single species Dugesia benazzii subsumed a complex of species. In that study, a thorough integrative taxonomic approach, combining molecular, morphological, and karyological data, uncovered the presence of two new endemic species. For the present study, additional samplings were conducted on Corsica, covering several new localities. The data obtained were added to our previous datasets, which included information on specimens collected from both islands. By taking a similar integrative approach to the prior study, we here describe another new endemic species from Corsica, Dugesia xeropotamica. Although our results support the separate status of this new species, it also turned out that the evolutionary relationships among species of the Corso-Sardinian clade remain unclear, because the relationships are not well resolved. Additionally, we corroborate the presence of Dugesia mariae on the Tyrrhenian islets of Montecristo and Molara, representing new records for this group of Dugesia species in the region of the Tyrrhenian Sea. In all, our findings indicate that the evolutionary and biogeographical history of Dugesia species in this region of the Western Mediterranean is more intricate than previously thought.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141909175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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