Pub Date : 2024-05-17DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad201
Justine Siegwald, Manuel António E Malaquias
Scaphander is a genus of mostly deep-sea, soft-bottom gastropods distributed nearly worldwide. Its taxonomic history is complex, with 32 species currently accepted, most based on shells only. In this work, we revise the diversity and systematics of Scaphander, with a focus on the Indo-Pacific region, using a detailed morphological study and molecular phylogenetics. Conchological and anatomical characters, such as digestive and male reproductive systems were compared, and original descriptions and type material were investigated. Additionally, molecular species delimitation methods were used, such as Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning (ASAP) based on the gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, and the multispecies coalescent method Species Tree And Classification Estimation, Yarely (STACEY) based on a dataset of five gene markers. Thirty-three Scaphander species were recognized worldwide, 10 still based only on shells. Five species are here described as new to science, namely Scaphander amygdalus sp. nov., Scaphander cornus sp. nov., Scaphander obnubilus sp. nov., Scaphander semicallus sp. nov. and Scaphander solomonensis sp. nov. The most diverse region is the Western Pacific (17 species), followed by the Atlantic (12 species) and the Indian Ocean (7 species).
{"title":"Bringing light into deep-sea biodiversity: a systematic revision and molecular phylogeny of the genus Scaphander Montfort, 1810 (Gastropoda: Cephalaspidea), with a focus on the Indo-Pacific","authors":"Justine Siegwald, Manuel António E Malaquias","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad201","url":null,"abstract":"Scaphander is a genus of mostly deep-sea, soft-bottom gastropods distributed nearly worldwide. Its taxonomic history is complex, with 32 species currently accepted, most based on shells only. In this work, we revise the diversity and systematics of Scaphander, with a focus on the Indo-Pacific region, using a detailed morphological study and molecular phylogenetics. Conchological and anatomical characters, such as digestive and male reproductive systems were compared, and original descriptions and type material were investigated. Additionally, molecular species delimitation methods were used, such as Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning (ASAP) based on the gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, and the multispecies coalescent method Species Tree And Classification Estimation, Yarely (STACEY) based on a dataset of five gene markers. Thirty-three Scaphander species were recognized worldwide, 10 still based only on shells. Five species are here described as new to science, namely Scaphander amygdalus sp. nov., Scaphander cornus sp. nov., Scaphander obnubilus sp. nov., Scaphander semicallus sp. nov. and Scaphander solomonensis sp. nov. The most diverse region is the Western Pacific (17 species), followed by the Atlantic (12 species) and the Indian Ocean (7 species).","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"127 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140954044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-17DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae052
Ivan N Bolotov, Jyotish Sonowal, Devid Kardong, Rajeev Pasupuleti, Nalluri V Subba Rao, Suresh Kumar Unnikrishnan, Mikhail Y Gofarov, Alexander V Kondakov, Ekaterina S Konopleva, Artem A Lyubas, Ilya V Vikhrev
The Indian subcontinent houses a unique fauna of freshwater mussels. Tectonic and biogeographic reconstructions indicate that this fauna represents a derivative of Mesozoic Gondwanan biota and that it arrived in Asia on the Indian Plate, using this tectonic block as a ‘biotic ferry’. Though a preliminary integrative revision of the Indian Unionidae was published recently, the level of endemism and taxonomic richness of regional assemblages are unsatisfactorily known. Here, we revise the taxonomy of freshwater mussels from the Brahmaputra River basin based on a large DNA-sequence and morphological dataset that was sampled in Assam, north-eastern India. We managed to collect and sequence topotypes for nearly all nominal species described from the region, except for Lamellidens friersoni and Parreysia smaragdites. Our phylogenetic and morphology-based research reveals that the regional Unionidae assemblage contains nine species, belonging to a single subfamily, the Parreysiinae. Seven species and three genera (Balwantia, Pseudoscabies Bolotov, Sonowal, Kardong, Pasupuleti and Subba Rao gen. nov., and Assamnaia Bolotov, Sonowal, Kardong, Pasupuleti and Subba Rao gen. nov.) appear to be endemic to the region, indicating that the Brahmaputra River may represent an endemism hotspot of global significance. Our findings highlight that this region should be considered a high-priority area for freshwater conservation management.
印度次大陆拥有独特的淡水贻贝动物群。构造和生物地理学重建表明，该动物群是中生代冈瓦纳生物群的衍生物，通过印度板块到达亚洲，并以该构造块为 "生物渡口"。虽然最近出版了印度银龙科的初步综合修订版，但对该地区动物群的特有程度和分类丰富程度的了解并不令人满意。在此，我们基于在印度东北部阿萨姆邦采样的大量 DNA 序列和形态学数据集，对雅鲁藏布江流域淡水贻贝的分类进行了修订。除 Lamellidens friersoni 和 Parreysia smaragdites 外，我们设法收集了该地区描述的几乎所有标称物种的拓扑结构并对其进行了测序。我们基于系统发育和形态学的研究表明，该地区的联盟科集合包含 9 个物种，属于一个亚科，即 Parreysiinae。其中 7 个种和 3 个属（Balwantia、Pseudoscabies Bolotov、Sonowal、Kardong、Pasupuleti 和 Subba Rao gen. nov.，以及 Assamnaia Bolotov、Sonowal、Kardong、Pasupuleti 和 Subba Rao gen. nov.）似乎是该地区的特有种，这表明雅鲁藏布江可能是一个具有全球意义的地方性热点地区。我们的研究结果突出表明，该地区应被视为淡水保护管理的高度优先地区。
{"title":"Discovery of an endemism hotspot of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in Assam, with a description of two new genera","authors":"Ivan N Bolotov, Jyotish Sonowal, Devid Kardong, Rajeev Pasupuleti, Nalluri V Subba Rao, Suresh Kumar Unnikrishnan, Mikhail Y Gofarov, Alexander V Kondakov, Ekaterina S Konopleva, Artem A Lyubas, Ilya V Vikhrev","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae052","url":null,"abstract":"The Indian subcontinent houses a unique fauna of freshwater mussels. Tectonic and biogeographic reconstructions indicate that this fauna represents a derivative of Mesozoic Gondwanan biota and that it arrived in Asia on the Indian Plate, using this tectonic block as a ‘biotic ferry’. Though a preliminary integrative revision of the Indian Unionidae was published recently, the level of endemism and taxonomic richness of regional assemblages are unsatisfactorily known. Here, we revise the taxonomy of freshwater mussels from the Brahmaputra River basin based on a large DNA-sequence and morphological dataset that was sampled in Assam, north-eastern India. We managed to collect and sequence topotypes for nearly all nominal species described from the region, except for Lamellidens friersoni and Parreysia smaragdites. Our phylogenetic and morphology-based research reveals that the regional Unionidae assemblage contains nine species, belonging to a single subfamily, the Parreysiinae. Seven species and three genera (Balwantia, Pseudoscabies Bolotov, Sonowal, Kardong, Pasupuleti and Subba Rao gen. nov., and Assamnaia Bolotov, Sonowal, Kardong, Pasupuleti and Subba Rao gen. nov.) appear to be endemic to the region, indicating that the Brahmaputra River may represent an endemism hotspot of global significance. Our findings highlight that this region should be considered a high-priority area for freshwater conservation management.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140954051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-17DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae056
Kostantis Laskos, Dimitris S Kostopoulos
Eurasian Giraffidae went through a drastic biodiversity decline after the Miocene–Pliocene boundary; scanty palaeotragine populations are likely to have survived in Central Asia, providing the necessary stock for a Late Pliocene–Early Pleistocene expansion from Central Asia to Spain and from the Mediterranean to southern Russia. Here, we describe new giraffid findings from the Greek middle Villafranchian faunas of Dafnero-3 and Volax and from the late Villafranchian faunas of Tsiotra Vryssi and Krimni-3, and we revise previous material from Dafnero-1. Our results support the synonymy of almost all the Villafranchian Eurasian giraffids under a single species of Palaeotragus, i.e. Palaeotragus inexspectatus, and allow us to improve its diagnosis. The orientation of the ossicones and the relative shortening of the lower premolar row might indicate affinities to some Late Miocene–Pliocene Palaeotragus from China. Our study suggests that P. inexspectatus was equally abundant at MNQ17 and MNQ18 in the Eastern Mediterranean and that its extinction after MNQ19 was probably attributable to the combination of the climatic and environmental turnover at the Villafranchian–Epivillafranchian boundary, along with the competition with emerging ruminant groups, such as giant cervids. A preliminary analysis of its palaeoecology suggests a giraffid more involved in grazing than its Late Miocene relatives.
{"title":"On the last European giraffe, Palaeotragus inexspectatus (Mammalia: Giraffidae); new remains from the Early Pleistocene of Greece and a review of the species","authors":"Kostantis Laskos, Dimitris S Kostopoulos","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae056","url":null,"abstract":"Eurasian Giraffidae went through a drastic biodiversity decline after the Miocene–Pliocene boundary; scanty palaeotragine populations are likely to have survived in Central Asia, providing the necessary stock for a Late Pliocene–Early Pleistocene expansion from Central Asia to Spain and from the Mediterranean to southern Russia. Here, we describe new giraffid findings from the Greek middle Villafranchian faunas of Dafnero-3 and Volax and from the late Villafranchian faunas of Tsiotra Vryssi and Krimni-3, and we revise previous material from Dafnero-1. Our results support the synonymy of almost all the Villafranchian Eurasian giraffids under a single species of Palaeotragus, i.e. Palaeotragus inexspectatus, and allow us to improve its diagnosis. The orientation of the ossicones and the relative shortening of the lower premolar row might indicate affinities to some Late Miocene–Pliocene Palaeotragus from China. Our study suggests that P. inexspectatus was equally abundant at MNQ17 and MNQ18 in the Eastern Mediterranean and that its extinction after MNQ19 was probably attributable to the combination of the climatic and environmental turnover at the Villafranchian–Epivillafranchian boundary, along with the competition with emerging ruminant groups, such as giant cervids. A preliminary analysis of its palaeoecology suggests a giraffid more involved in grazing than its Late Miocene relatives.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140954074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae047
Alberto Zilli, Jérôme Barbut, Leejiah J Dorward, David C Lees
New footage confirms Hemiceratoides moths to be bird tear-drinking. Bionomics of Hemiceratoides is updated, and its taxonomy revised, with descriptions of Hemiceratoides ornithopotis sp. nov. and H. avimolestum sp. nov., while Cynisca thysbe, type species of Siccyna (= Cynisca), is recombined as H. thysbe comb. nov. (thus Hemiceratoides = Siccyna synon. nov.), whereas another Siccyna, originally Cynisca reichi, is found to be conspecific with Devena atomifera (synon. nov.). We highlight the striking proboscis modifications in Hemiceratoides compared to non-calpine erebids that may perhaps be incidental eye frequenters. Hemiceratoides sittaca has remarkable, sexually dimorphic labial palps, which are fang-like in males, probably assisting in tear feeding. Hemiceratoides also features unusual valval processes, an asymmetric whip- or stick-like juxta, and sclerotizations surrounding the ostium bursae. A phylogenetic tree reconstructed with eight nuclear genes as well as COI for the subfamilies Hypocalinae + Calpinae confirms the prior finding that Hemiceratoides belongs to tribe Ophiderini, not to Calpini, and supports previously held relationships between calpine genera, except that (Miniodes + Phyllodes) do not form a sister group relationship with (Hemiceratoides + Eudocima). We thus discuss the controversy over the evolution of the unusual feeding habits in Hemiceratoides. Finally, Calyptra canadensis comb. rev. is updated due to a newly established synonymy Calyptra = Percalpe synon. nov.
{"title":"The bird tear-drinking moths of the genus Hemiceratoides (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)","authors":"Alberto Zilli, Jérôme Barbut, Leejiah J Dorward, David C Lees","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae047","url":null,"abstract":"New footage confirms Hemiceratoides moths to be bird tear-drinking. Bionomics of Hemiceratoides is updated, and its taxonomy revised, with descriptions of Hemiceratoides ornithopotis sp. nov. and H. avimolestum sp. nov., while Cynisca thysbe, type species of Siccyna (= Cynisca), is recombined as H. thysbe comb. nov. (thus Hemiceratoides = Siccyna synon. nov.), whereas another Siccyna, originally Cynisca reichi, is found to be conspecific with Devena atomifera (synon. nov.). We highlight the striking proboscis modifications in Hemiceratoides compared to non-calpine erebids that may perhaps be incidental eye frequenters. Hemiceratoides sittaca has remarkable, sexually dimorphic labial palps, which are fang-like in males, probably assisting in tear feeding. Hemiceratoides also features unusual valval processes, an asymmetric whip- or stick-like juxta, and sclerotizations surrounding the ostium bursae. A phylogenetic tree reconstructed with eight nuclear genes as well as COI for the subfamilies Hypocalinae + Calpinae confirms the prior finding that Hemiceratoides belongs to tribe Ophiderini, not to Calpini, and supports previously held relationships between calpine genera, except that (Miniodes + Phyllodes) do not form a sister group relationship with (Hemiceratoides + Eudocima). We thus discuss the controversy over the evolution of the unusual feeding habits in Hemiceratoides. Finally, Calyptra canadensis comb. rev. is updated due to a newly established synonymy Calyptra = Percalpe synon. nov.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140925122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-13DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae054
Paulo V L G C Pereira, Kamila L N Bandeira, Luciano S Vidal, Theo B Ribeiro, Carlos R dos A Candeiro, Lilian P Bergqvist
Titanosaurs were the most diverse sauropod group during the Cretaceous period, with most of its diversity being found during the Late Cretaceous. In this work, Tiamat valdecii, gen. et sp. nov. is described, a new species of basal titanosaur prospected from the Açu Formation (Albian–Cenomanian), Potiguar Basin, Ceará state, north-east Brazil. The new taxon is composed by an associated sequence of anterior to middle caudal vertebrae, being diagnosed by four diagnostic features: a marked accessory tuberosity dorsoventrally developed, located on the prezygapophyses; deeply medioventral excavated articulation facets of prezygapophysis and post-zygapophyses articular facets; presence of developed hypantrum–hyposphene articulations; and short middle centra with a well-marked articular facet for the haemal arch. The phylogenetic analysis reveals that Tiamat valdecii was a basal member of Titanosauria. Tiamat is the first species of Early Cretaceous titanosaur known for the Açu Formation. Biomechanical analysis shows that the tuberosity and excavation of the zygapophyses of the middle caudal vertebrae of Tiamat provide greater stability against shear loads in the amphicoelous vertebrae presented; in addition, they allow greater range of lateral movements without affecting the integrity of the joints. These features may have been an evolutionary alternative for the stability of the middle of the caudal vertebral column. The discovery of T. valdecii in the Açu Formation not only increases the known dinosaur diversity for this unit, but also helps us elucidate part of the first titanosaur radiation.
泰坦龙是白垩纪时期种类最丰富的类龙科动物，其大部分种类出现在晚白垩世。本研究描述了Tiamat valdecii, gen. et sp. nov.，它是在巴西东北部塞阿拉州波蒂瓜尔盆地阿苏地层（白垩纪-前一世纪）发现的基干泰坦龙的一个新种。该新类群由尾椎前部至中部的相关序列组成，有四个诊断特征：位于颧骨前部的明显的附属结节背腹侧发育；颧骨前部和颧骨后部关节面的中腹部深度开凿的关节面；存在发达的下椎管-下椎管关节；短的中心骨上有明显的血弓关节面。系统进化分析表明，Tiamat valdecii 是泰坦龙科的基干成员。Tiamat是阿苏地层已知的第一个早白垩世泰坦龙物种。生物力学分析表明，提亚玛特中间尾椎的椎骨颧骨的小瘤和开凿使其具有更大的稳定性，可以抵御所呈现的两性椎体的剪切负荷；此外，它们还允许更大范围的横向运动，而不影响关节的完整性。这些特征可能是尾椎中段稳定性的进化替代方案。在阿苏地层发现的T. valdecii不仅增加了该单元恐龙的已知多样性，而且有助于我们阐明泰坦龙第一次辐射的一部分。
{"title":"A new sauropod species from north-western Brazil: biomechanics and the radiation of Titanosauria (Sauropoda: Somphospondyli)","authors":"Paulo V L G C Pereira, Kamila L N Bandeira, Luciano S Vidal, Theo B Ribeiro, Carlos R dos A Candeiro, Lilian P Bergqvist","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae054","url":null,"abstract":"Titanosaurs were the most diverse sauropod group during the Cretaceous period, with most of its diversity being found during the Late Cretaceous. In this work, Tiamat valdecii, gen. et sp. nov. is described, a new species of basal titanosaur prospected from the Açu Formation (Albian–Cenomanian), Potiguar Basin, Ceará state, north-east Brazil. The new taxon is composed by an associated sequence of anterior to middle caudal vertebrae, being diagnosed by four diagnostic features: a marked accessory tuberosity dorsoventrally developed, located on the prezygapophyses; deeply medioventral excavated articulation facets of prezygapophysis and post-zygapophyses articular facets; presence of developed hypantrum–hyposphene articulations; and short middle centra with a well-marked articular facet for the haemal arch. The phylogenetic analysis reveals that Tiamat valdecii was a basal member of Titanosauria. Tiamat is the first species of Early Cretaceous titanosaur known for the Açu Formation. Biomechanical analysis shows that the tuberosity and excavation of the zygapophyses of the middle caudal vertebrae of Tiamat provide greater stability against shear loads in the amphicoelous vertebrae presented; in addition, they allow greater range of lateral movements without affecting the integrity of the joints. These features may have been an evolutionary alternative for the stability of the middle of the caudal vertebral column. The discovery of T. valdecii in the Açu Formation not only increases the known dinosaur diversity for this unit, but also helps us elucidate part of the first titanosaur radiation.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"144 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140919556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-11DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae050
Valentin Buffa, Eberhard Frey, J-Sébastien Steyer, Michel Laurin
The anatomy of Late Triassic drepanosauromorphs is re-examined, with a focus on the previously published surface models of the holotype of Avicranium renestoi from the Norian of North America. We comment on the cranial anatomy of this taxon and propose a new reconstruction of the skull and mandible. Contrary to previous interpretations, the entire rostrum and most of the palate are not preserved in this specimen. We also suggest that some proposed plesiomorphic characters may result from incomplete ossification due to immaturity. These new observations are compiled into a new morphological phylogenetic dataset designed to address the monophyly of ‘Avicephala’, the group comprising the Late Permian gliding reptiles Weigeltisauridae, and the Late Triassic chameleon-like Drepanosauromorpha. We recover Weigeltisauridae as stem-saurian diapsids and Drepanosauromorpha as sister-group to Trilophosauridae among archosauromorphs, thus implying the paraphyly of ‘Avicephala’. Drepanosauromorphs and trilophosaurids are recovered as sister-taxa for the first time, as supported by several cranial and postcranial synapomorphies. This new phylogenetic position of Drepanosauromorpha reduces the group’s ghost lineage that now does not necessarily cross the Permian–Triassic boundary. However, much remains unknown of the early history of trilophosaurids and drepanosauromorphs, and of the evolution of arboreality in Triassic archosauromorph reptiles.
{"title":"‘Birds’ of two feathers: Avicranium renestoi and the paraphyly of bird-headed reptiles (Diapsida: ‘Avicephala’)","authors":"Valentin Buffa, Eberhard Frey, J-Sébastien Steyer, Michel Laurin","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae050","url":null,"abstract":"The anatomy of Late Triassic drepanosauromorphs is re-examined, with a focus on the previously published surface models of the holotype of Avicranium renestoi from the Norian of North America. We comment on the cranial anatomy of this taxon and propose a new reconstruction of the skull and mandible. Contrary to previous interpretations, the entire rostrum and most of the palate are not preserved in this specimen. We also suggest that some proposed plesiomorphic characters may result from incomplete ossification due to immaturity. These new observations are compiled into a new morphological phylogenetic dataset designed to address the monophyly of ‘Avicephala’, the group comprising the Late Permian gliding reptiles Weigeltisauridae, and the Late Triassic chameleon-like Drepanosauromorpha. We recover Weigeltisauridae as stem-saurian diapsids and Drepanosauromorpha as sister-group to Trilophosauridae among archosauromorphs, thus implying the paraphyly of ‘Avicephala’. Drepanosauromorphs and trilophosaurids are recovered as sister-taxa for the first time, as supported by several cranial and postcranial synapomorphies. This new phylogenetic position of Drepanosauromorpha reduces the group’s ghost lineage that now does not necessarily cross the Permian–Triassic boundary. However, much remains unknown of the early history of trilophosaurids and drepanosauromorphs, and of the evolution of arboreality in Triassic archosauromorph reptiles.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"153 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140910595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae035
Alexander A Semenchenko, Peter S Cranston, Eugenyi A Makarchenko
Diamesinae is a subfamily of Chironomidae, whose species live in cold lotic or oligotrophic lentic habitats with global distribution excepting Antarctica. The cool stenothermic ecology of nearly all diamesines produces a typical amphitropical pattern of absence at tropical latitudes, except at high elevation. Recent attention has focused on the species discovery, while evolutionary relationships at the generic and tribal level have remained inadequately understood. Current classification implies analogous evolutionary diversification in each hemisphere (boreal and austral). To test this concept, we used six genetic markers (18S, 28S, CAD1, COI-5p, COI-3p and COII) and fossil calibrations to produce a well-supported and resolved time-calibrated phylogeny of the subfamily. Austral and boreal diamesines indeed are reciprocally monophyletic lineages, with estimated Jurassic divergence (130-196, 164 Ma). The boreal Protanypodini, previously understood to be a tribe within Diamesinae, is excluded and elevated here to subfamily rank as Protanypodinae stat. nov. Ancestral austral diamesines probably originated in South America and successively reached New Zealand, Australia and South Africa during the Cretaceous-Paleogene. The Holarctic tribes Diamesini and Boreoheptagyiini probably originated in the Eastern Palaearctic with further dispersal/vicariance into the Western Palaearctic, Nearctic, East, and very likely dispersed southwards to montane East Africa and Borneo.
{"title":"A multi-locus phylogeny for the Diamesinae (Chironomidae: Diptera) provides new insights into evolution of an amphitropical clade","authors":"Alexander A Semenchenko, Peter S Cranston, Eugenyi A Makarchenko","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae035","url":null,"abstract":"Diamesinae is a subfamily of Chironomidae, whose species live in cold lotic or oligotrophic lentic habitats with global distribution excepting Antarctica. The cool stenothermic ecology of nearly all diamesines produces a typical amphitropical pattern of absence at tropical latitudes, except at high elevation. Recent attention has focused on the species discovery, while evolutionary relationships at the generic and tribal level have remained inadequately understood. Current classification implies analogous evolutionary diversification in each hemisphere (boreal and austral). To test this concept, we used six genetic markers (18S, 28S, CAD1, COI-5p, COI-3p and COII) and fossil calibrations to produce a well-supported and resolved time-calibrated phylogeny of the subfamily. Austral and boreal diamesines indeed are reciprocally monophyletic lineages, with estimated Jurassic divergence (130-196, 164 Ma). The boreal Protanypodini, previously understood to be a tribe within Diamesinae, is excluded and elevated here to subfamily rank as Protanypodinae stat. nov. Ancestral austral diamesines probably originated in South America and successively reached New Zealand, Australia and South Africa during the Cretaceous-Paleogene. The Holarctic tribes Diamesini and Boreoheptagyiini probably originated in the Eastern Palaearctic with further dispersal/vicariance into the Western Palaearctic, Nearctic, East, and very likely dispersed southwards to montane East Africa and Borneo.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140895421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-07DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae040
Nicolas J Rawlence, Alexander J F Verry, Theresa L Cole, Lara D Shepherd, Alan J D Tennyson, Murray Williams, Jamie R Wood, Kieren J Mitchell
Mergansers are riverine and coastal piscivorous ducks that are widespread throughout North America and Eurasia but uncommon in the Southern Hemisphere. One species occurs in South America and at least two extinct species are known from New Zealand. It has been proposed that these Southern Hemisphere merganser lineages were founded by at least two independent dispersal events from the Northern Hemisphere. However, some morphological and behavioural evidence suggests that Southern Hemisphere mergansers may form a monophyletic clade that descended from only a single dispersal event from the Northern Hemisphere. For example, Southern Hemisphere mergansers share several characteristics that differ from Northern Hemisphere mergansers (e.g. non-migratory vs. migratory, sexual monochromatism vs. sexual dichromatism, long vs. short pair bonds). We sequenced complete mitogenomes from the Brazilian merganser and an extinct merganser from New Zealand—the Auckland Island merganser. Our results show that the Brazilian and Auckland Island mergansers are not sister-taxa, and probably descend from two separate colonization events from the Northern Hemisphere at least 7 Mya. Nuclear (palaeo)genomic data may help to further resolve the relationship between living and extinct mergansers, including merganser fossils from New Zealand that have not been subjected to palaeogenetic analysis.
{"title":"Ancient mitogenomes reveal evidence for the Late Miocene dispersal of mergansers to the Southern Hemisphere","authors":"Nicolas J Rawlence, Alexander J F Verry, Theresa L Cole, Lara D Shepherd, Alan J D Tennyson, Murray Williams, Jamie R Wood, Kieren J Mitchell","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae040","url":null,"abstract":"Mergansers are riverine and coastal piscivorous ducks that are widespread throughout North America and Eurasia but uncommon in the Southern Hemisphere. One species occurs in South America and at least two extinct species are known from New Zealand. It has been proposed that these Southern Hemisphere merganser lineages were founded by at least two independent dispersal events from the Northern Hemisphere. However, some morphological and behavioural evidence suggests that Southern Hemisphere mergansers may form a monophyletic clade that descended from only a single dispersal event from the Northern Hemisphere. For example, Southern Hemisphere mergansers share several characteristics that differ from Northern Hemisphere mergansers (e.g. non-migratory vs. migratory, sexual monochromatism vs. sexual dichromatism, long vs. short pair bonds). We sequenced complete mitogenomes from the Brazilian merganser and an extinct merganser from New Zealand—the Auckland Island merganser. Our results show that the Brazilian and Auckland Island mergansers are not sister-taxa, and probably descend from two separate colonization events from the Northern Hemisphere at least 7 Mya. Nuclear (palaeo)genomic data may help to further resolve the relationship between living and extinct mergansers, including merganser fossils from New Zealand that have not been subjected to palaeogenetic analysis.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140890476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-30DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae037
Erika L Garcia, Quincy G Hansen, Jaír R Castillo
This study summarizes the taxonomic treatment of the camel spider genus Chanbria Muma, 1951. Taking an integrative taxonomic approach incorporating phylogenomic, morphological, and geographical information, the genus is herein revised. Of the four species currently placed in the genus, two are retained: Chanbria regalis Muma, 1951 and Chanbria serpentinus Muma, 1951. Eremochelis plicatus (Muma, 1962) is transferred to this genus because it is consistently recovered in a clade with Chanbria based on several phylogenetic analyses using hundreds of loci recovered from ultraconserved element data. In this study, we re-analyse previously acquired genomic data to assess former species hypotheses and identify new morphological synapomorphies that support the monophyly of Chanbria. The genetic data support the synonymization of Chanbria rectus Muma, 1962 syn. nov. with C. regalis. Furthermore, we synonymize Chanbria tehachapianus Muma, 1962 syn. nov. with C. regalis because C. tehachapianus was erected based on limited morphological information and lack of geographical separation between other populations of C. regalis. Two new species, Chanbria brookharti sp. nov. and Chanbria mapemes sp. nov., are described. This brings the total number of species of Chanbria described to five recognized species: C. regalis, C. serpentinus, C. plicatus com. nov., C. brookharti sp. nov., and C. mapemes sp. nov.
{"title":"A phylogenomic approach to a taxonomic revision: a combination, new synonymies, and a description of two new species within the camel spider genus Chanbria Muma, 1951 (Solifugae: Eremobatidae)","authors":"Erika L Garcia, Quincy G Hansen, Jaír R Castillo","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae037","url":null,"abstract":"This study summarizes the taxonomic treatment of the camel spider genus Chanbria Muma, 1951. Taking an integrative taxonomic approach incorporating phylogenomic, morphological, and geographical information, the genus is herein revised. Of the four species currently placed in the genus, two are retained: Chanbria regalis Muma, 1951 and Chanbria serpentinus Muma, 1951. Eremochelis plicatus (Muma, 1962) is transferred to this genus because it is consistently recovered in a clade with Chanbria based on several phylogenetic analyses using hundreds of loci recovered from ultraconserved element data. In this study, we re-analyse previously acquired genomic data to assess former species hypotheses and identify new morphological synapomorphies that support the monophyly of Chanbria. The genetic data support the synonymization of Chanbria rectus Muma, 1962 syn. nov. with C. regalis. Furthermore, we synonymize Chanbria tehachapianus Muma, 1962 syn. nov. with C. regalis because C. tehachapianus was erected based on limited morphological information and lack of geographical separation between other populations of C. regalis. Two new species, Chanbria brookharti sp. nov. and Chanbria mapemes sp. nov., are described. This brings the total number of species of Chanbria described to five recognized species: C. regalis, C. serpentinus, C. plicatus com. nov., C. brookharti sp. nov., and C. mapemes sp. nov.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140817643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae049
Diego M Peralta, Ezequiel A Ibañez, Sergio Lucero, Humberto L Cappozzo, Santiago G Ceballos, Juan I Túnez
Otaria flavescens has been one of the most heavily exploited pinnipeds during the last 200 years, with depletion of ~90% in some colonies. After the prohibition on sealing in South America, populations stabilized except for the Uruguayan population, which showed a constant decrease. The underlying causes of its decline are unknown. This study used genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms to assess the variability and connectivity of some of the most overexploited sea lion colonies in the Atlantic Ocean. Our results revealed low allelic richness, nucleotide diversity, and heterozygosity in the Uruguayan population and evidence of complete isolation from the Argentinean populations under study. In contrast, the Patagonian populations showed a high degree of connectivity, which could explain their recovery and high levels of diversity at present. Our study highlights the critical situation of the Uruguayan sea lion population, emphasizing the need for maintaining continuous conservation efforts in the region.
{"title":"Low genetic variability and high isolation of a post-harvest South American pinniped population as revealed by genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms","authors":"Diego M Peralta, Ezequiel A Ibañez, Sergio Lucero, Humberto L Cappozzo, Santiago G Ceballos, Juan I Túnez","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae049","url":null,"abstract":"Otaria flavescens has been one of the most heavily exploited pinnipeds during the last 200 years, with depletion of ~90% in some colonies. After the prohibition on sealing in South America, populations stabilized except for the Uruguayan population, which showed a constant decrease. The underlying causes of its decline are unknown. This study used genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms to assess the variability and connectivity of some of the most overexploited sea lion colonies in the Atlantic Ocean. Our results revealed low allelic richness, nucleotide diversity, and heterozygosity in the Uruguayan population and evidence of complete isolation from the Argentinean populations under study. In contrast, the Patagonian populations showed a high degree of connectivity, which could explain their recovery and high levels of diversity at present. Our study highlights the critical situation of the Uruguayan sea lion population, emphasizing the need for maintaining continuous conservation efforts in the region.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140620116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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