Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf005
J Ariel Fernández Villoldo, Diego H Verzi, A Itatí Olivares, Sergio F Dos Reis, Ricardo T Lopes, S Ivan Perez
This study examines the brain morphology of Pliocene specimens of the South American Echimyidae rodent Eumysops chapalmalensis through virtual endocasts and comparisons with extant members of the family. Shape variation is analysed through geometric morphometrics, and the relative sizes of the brain and its components are estimated using phylogenetic regression models. The influence of phylogeny and ecological variables on the brain variation is analysed through phylogenetic comparative analyses. Results indicate that Eumysops chapalmalensis exhibits low encephalization and a high spatial packing of its brain, suggesting the independence of these two measures of relative brain size. Brain shape of Eumysops chapalmalensis departs from the extant species in morphospaces evidencing a distinctive morphology characterized by a strong flexion, posterolateral expansion of the neocortex, and large petrosal lobules. The low phylogenetic signal observed in the brain shape of echimyids, coupled with the significant influence of ecological factors, suggests that adaptive pressures probably played a more influential role in shaping the distinctive brain morphology of Eumysops chapalmalensis. This unique morphology may be associated with the occupation of a niche not explored by extant echimyids—that of a species with high body mass, terrestrial to fossorial habits, and agile movements in open environments.
{"title":"Exploring the palaeoneurology of the extinct spiny rat Eumysops chapalmalensis (Hystricognathi: Echimyidae): a comparative phylogenetic analysis of brain size and shape","authors":"J Ariel Fernández Villoldo, Diego H Verzi, A Itatí Olivares, Sergio F Dos Reis, Ricardo T Lopes, S Ivan Perez","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf005","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the brain morphology of Pliocene specimens of the South American Echimyidae rodent Eumysops chapalmalensis through virtual endocasts and comparisons with extant members of the family. Shape variation is analysed through geometric morphometrics, and the relative sizes of the brain and its components are estimated using phylogenetic regression models. The influence of phylogeny and ecological variables on the brain variation is analysed through phylogenetic comparative analyses. Results indicate that Eumysops chapalmalensis exhibits low encephalization and a high spatial packing of its brain, suggesting the independence of these two measures of relative brain size. Brain shape of Eumysops chapalmalensis departs from the extant species in morphospaces evidencing a distinctive morphology characterized by a strong flexion, posterolateral expansion of the neocortex, and large petrosal lobules. The low phylogenetic signal observed in the brain shape of echimyids, coupled with the significant influence of ecological factors, suggests that adaptive pressures probably played a more influential role in shaping the distinctive brain morphology of Eumysops chapalmalensis. This unique morphology may be associated with the occupation of a niche not explored by extant echimyids—that of a species with high body mass, terrestrial to fossorial habits, and agile movements in open environments.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf004
Xavier A Jenkins, Roger B J Benson, Maya Elliott, Gabriel Jeppson, Kathleen Dollman, Vincent Fernandez, Claire Browning, David P Ford, Jonah Choiniere, Brandon R Peecook
The fossil reptile Milleretta holds a prominent role in phylogenetic analyses of early reptile relationships. It has often been used as the sole marker for the anatomically diverse middle to late Permian Millerettidae, a clade that has been hypothesized as the earliest diverging parareptiles and therefore only distantly related to the reptile crown group. However, the anatomy of Milleretta remains incompletely documented, presenting an obstacle to phylogenetic studies of early reptile evolution. We re-examine the cranial anatomy of Milleretta rubidgei using synchrotron micro-computed tomography of two specimens, representing a juvenile and a subadult. These immature individuals have clearly visible sutures, differing from osteologically mature individuals, in which cranial osteoderms obscure the cranial anatomy, particularly in the antorbital region. We demonstrate that Milleretta and other millerettids share many derived similarities with Neodiapsida (a derived clade that includes the reptile crown group), particularly of the neurocranium and palatoquadrate. Comparison with other millerettids reveals that some features seen in adult specimens of Milleretta are, in fact, derived features, resulting from secondary modification in osteologically mature individuals. These observations suggest that Milleretta is an anatomically derived millerettid and urge caution in using this taxon as the semaphorant of this disparate group of stem reptiles.
{"title":"New information on the anatomically derived millerettid Milleretta rubidgei from the latest Permian based on µCT data","authors":"Xavier A Jenkins, Roger B J Benson, Maya Elliott, Gabriel Jeppson, Kathleen Dollman, Vincent Fernandez, Claire Browning, David P Ford, Jonah Choiniere, Brandon R Peecook","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf004","url":null,"abstract":"The fossil reptile Milleretta holds a prominent role in phylogenetic analyses of early reptile relationships. It has often been used as the sole marker for the anatomically diverse middle to late Permian Millerettidae, a clade that has been hypothesized as the earliest diverging parareptiles and therefore only distantly related to the reptile crown group. However, the anatomy of Milleretta remains incompletely documented, presenting an obstacle to phylogenetic studies of early reptile evolution. We re-examine the cranial anatomy of Milleretta rubidgei using synchrotron micro-computed tomography of two specimens, representing a juvenile and a subadult. These immature individuals have clearly visible sutures, differing from osteologically mature individuals, in which cranial osteoderms obscure the cranial anatomy, particularly in the antorbital region. We demonstrate that Milleretta and other millerettids share many derived similarities with Neodiapsida (a derived clade that includes the reptile crown group), particularly of the neurocranium and palatoquadrate. Comparison with other millerettids reveals that some features seen in adult specimens of Milleretta are, in fact, derived features, resulting from secondary modification in osteologically mature individuals. These observations suggest that Milleretta is an anatomically derived millerettid and urge caution in using this taxon as the semaphorant of this disparate group of stem reptiles.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-15DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae175
Hossein Ashrafi, Arthur Anker, Zdeněk Ďuriš
The present study deals with the intricate phylogenetic relationships within an important clade of the caridean shrimp family Alpheidae, which includes the genera Salmoneus, Deioneus, and Triacanthoneus. Using molecular data from four genes (16S, 18S, COI, and H3), we herein provide the most comprehensive phylogenetic hypothesis for this alpheid clade, with 161 terminals representing 117 ESUs, i.e. genetically distinct species. Our analysis reveals four well-supported larger Clades, as well as 25 smaller clades, corresponding to species groups or species complexes. The results also show that the symbiotic lifestyle evolved multiple times within this clade, in some instances promoting convergent evolution. Ancestral character state analysis unveils extreme plasticity and independent shifts in the minor cheliped types. Furthermore, the impact of different lifestyles on the evolution of each minor cheliped type is discussed. Finally, we address the resulting paraphyly of Salmoneus and the intergeneric relationships between Salmoneus, Deioneus and Triacanthoneus.
{"title":"Molecular phylogeny of Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955 and its satellite genera (Decapoda: Caridea: Alpheidae) reveals hidden diversity and multiple instances of morphological and ecological convergence","authors":"Hossein Ashrafi, Arthur Anker, Zdeněk Ďuriš","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae175","url":null,"abstract":"The present study deals with the intricate phylogenetic relationships within an important clade of the caridean shrimp family Alpheidae, which includes the genera Salmoneus, Deioneus, and Triacanthoneus. Using molecular data from four genes (16S, 18S, COI, and H3), we herein provide the most comprehensive phylogenetic hypothesis for this alpheid clade, with 161 terminals representing 117 ESUs, i.e. genetically distinct species. Our analysis reveals four well-supported larger Clades, as well as 25 smaller clades, corresponding to species groups or species complexes. The results also show that the symbiotic lifestyle evolved multiple times within this clade, in some instances promoting convergent evolution. Ancestral character state analysis unveils extreme plasticity and independent shifts in the minor cheliped types. Furthermore, the impact of different lifestyles on the evolution of each minor cheliped type is discussed. Finally, we address the resulting paraphyly of Salmoneus and the intergeneric relationships between Salmoneus, Deioneus and Triacanthoneus.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-05DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf001
Alexander T Salis, Blaine W Schubert, Sarah C E Bray, Holly Heiniger, Julie Meachen, Alan Cooper, Kieren J Mitchell
Giant short-faced bears (Arctodus simus) were the largest carnivoran of Pleistocene North America and are one of the most extensively studied extinct megafaunal species from the continent. Smaller and larger forms of A. simus have previously been recognized and are sometimes considered subspecies (A. s. simus and A. s. yukonensis, respectively). However, researchers have also proposed that this size variation is primarily the result of sexual dimorphism. We sequenced 31 mitogenomes of A. simus from locations ranging from Alaska to New Mexico. Our results revealed a lack of phylogeographic structure in A. simus, as well as low genetic diversity and relatively recent mitochondrial diversification. These observations may either represent population bottlenecks during the Late Pleistocene or simply a naturally low effective population size resulting from a dispersed population and low population density. We found no evidence for genetic differences among our samples, which were compatible with the previously proposed A. simus subspecies. In contrast, all large specimens to which we could assign a sex using genetic data were male, whereas the small specimens in our dataset were all female, supporting the hypothesis that A. simus size variation can be explained by sexual dimorphism.
{"title":"Genetic diversity, phylogeography, and sexual dimorphism in the extinct giant short-faced bear (Arctodus simus)","authors":"Alexander T Salis, Blaine W Schubert, Sarah C E Bray, Holly Heiniger, Julie Meachen, Alan Cooper, Kieren J Mitchell","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf001","url":null,"abstract":"Giant short-faced bears (Arctodus simus) were the largest carnivoran of Pleistocene North America and are one of the most extensively studied extinct megafaunal species from the continent. Smaller and larger forms of A. simus have previously been recognized and are sometimes considered subspecies (A. s. simus and A. s. yukonensis, respectively). However, researchers have also proposed that this size variation is primarily the result of sexual dimorphism. We sequenced 31 mitogenomes of A. simus from locations ranging from Alaska to New Mexico. Our results revealed a lack of phylogeographic structure in A. simus, as well as low genetic diversity and relatively recent mitochondrial diversification. These observations may either represent population bottlenecks during the Late Pleistocene or simply a naturally low effective population size resulting from a dispersed population and low population density. We found no evidence for genetic differences among our samples, which were compatible with the previously proposed A. simus subspecies. In contrast, all large specimens to which we could assign a sex using genetic data were male, whereas the small specimens in our dataset were all female, supporting the hypothesis that A. simus size variation can be explained by sexual dimorphism.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143192156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-03DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae166
Axell Kou Minowa, Alexander Kieneke, Ariane Campos, Maria Balsamo, Michael Plewka, Loretta Guidi, Thiago Quintão Araújo, André RinaldoSenna Garraffoni
Gastrotricha encompass a diversity of free-living micrometazoans typically associated with aquatic or semi-aquatic environments. The discovery of a gastrotrich species in limno-terrestrial habitats challenges existing taxonomic classifications and expands our understanding of their ecological diversity. This study describes Dendroichthydium ibyrapora gen. et sp. nov., a new gastrotrich from epiphytic mosses found in Atlantic rainforest within Serra do Japi biological reserve, and establishes its taxonomic status through morphological and molecular analyses. Morphological characterization was conducted using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy, revealing that D. ibyrapora exhibits distinctive adaptations suited to limno-terrestrial environments, including unique cuticular adaptations and rearrangement of locomotory cilia. Molecular phylogenetics, using 18S and 28S ribosomal DNA sequences, supports the recognition of Dendroichthydium as a new genus, distinctly separated from known genera within Paucitubulatina. Furthermore, we propose reclassifying Chaetonotus (Chaetonotus) silvaticus to Dendroichthydium silvaticus comb. nov. based on shared morphological traits. The establishment of the genus Dendroichthydium reflects the ongoing need to re-evaluate gastrotrich diversity and taxonomy, highlighting the role of underexplored limno-terrestrial habitats in hosting unique life forms. This study underscores the importance of integrating morphology and genetics to improve our understanding of phylogenetics and the evolutionary dynamics of Gastrotricha.
腹虫是一种自由生活的小生动物，通常与水生或半水生环境有关。这一发现挑战了现有的分类分类，扩大了我们对其生态多样性的认识。本文对日本山大西洋雨林附生藓类新食腹动物Dendroichthydium ibyrapora gen. et sp. nov.进行了描述，并通过形态学和分子分析确立了其分类地位。利用光镜、扫描电镜和共聚焦激光扫描显微镜对其进行了形态学表征，结果显示，D. ibyrapora具有独特的适应limo -陆域环境的能力，包括独特的表皮适应性和运动纤毛的重排。利用18S和28S核糖体DNA序列进行分子系统发育，支持将Dendroichthydium识别为一个新属，与Paucitubulatina中的已知属明显分开。此外，我们建议将银毛蜥（Chaetonotus）重新分类为Dendroichthydium silvaticus comb。11月基于共同的形态特征。Dendroichthydium属的建立反映了重新评估胃营养多样性和分类的持续需求，突出了未被开发的湖沼-陆地栖息地在宿主独特生命形式中的作用。这项研究强调了整合形态学和遗传学的重要性，以提高我们对天头虫系统发育和进化动力学的理解。
{"title":"New branch on the tree of life of Gastrotricha: establishment of a new genus for limno-terrestrial species","authors":"Axell Kou Minowa, Alexander Kieneke, Ariane Campos, Maria Balsamo, Michael Plewka, Loretta Guidi, Thiago Quintão Araújo, André RinaldoSenna Garraffoni","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae166","url":null,"abstract":"Gastrotricha encompass a diversity of free-living micrometazoans typically associated with aquatic or semi-aquatic environments. The discovery of a gastrotrich species in limno-terrestrial habitats challenges existing taxonomic classifications and expands our understanding of their ecological diversity. This study describes Dendroichthydium ibyrapora gen. et sp. nov., a new gastrotrich from epiphytic mosses found in Atlantic rainforest within Serra do Japi biological reserve, and establishes its taxonomic status through morphological and molecular analyses. Morphological characterization was conducted using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy, revealing that D. ibyrapora exhibits distinctive adaptations suited to limno-terrestrial environments, including unique cuticular adaptations and rearrangement of locomotory cilia. Molecular phylogenetics, using 18S and 28S ribosomal DNA sequences, supports the recognition of Dendroichthydium as a new genus, distinctly separated from known genera within Paucitubulatina. Furthermore, we propose reclassifying Chaetonotus (Chaetonotus) silvaticus to Dendroichthydium silvaticus comb. nov. based on shared morphological traits. The establishment of the genus Dendroichthydium reflects the ongoing need to re-evaluate gastrotrich diversity and taxonomy, highlighting the role of underexplored limno-terrestrial habitats in hosting unique life forms. This study underscores the importance of integrating morphology and genetics to improve our understanding of phylogenetics and the evolutionary dynamics of Gastrotricha.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143077498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-25DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae172
Vinícius da Costa-Silva, Werner P Strümpher, Patricia J Thyssen, Fernando Z Vaz-de-Mello
Among the five known Trogidae genera, Polynoncus is the only one endemic to South America. Although the systematics within Trogidae is well established, the evolutionary relationships among Polynoncus species remain poorly understood. Here, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis based on maximum parsimony, using the equal and implicit weighting algorithm with all characters, in TNT v.1.5 software. The assembled data matrix consisted of 98 morphological characters scored for 48 taxa. Our results corroborate the monophyletic status of Polynoncus and its sister-group relationship with the genus Omorgus, both within Omorginae. In Polynoncus, three main lineages were recovered: (i) clade ‘pedestris’, with four species occurring mostly in the Andes; (ii) clade ‘pilularius’, whose species have been most reported in the temperate zone of South America; and (iii) clade ‘brevicollis’, whose species are distributed from the arid zones of Argentina and Chile to Peru, following through the Andes. This is the first species-level phylogeny presented for Trogidae.
{"title":"Phylogenetic systematics of the keratin-feeding genus Polynoncus Burmeister, 1876 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Trogidae)","authors":"Vinícius da Costa-Silva, Werner P Strümpher, Patricia J Thyssen, Fernando Z Vaz-de-Mello","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae172","url":null,"abstract":"Among the five known Trogidae genera, Polynoncus is the only one endemic to South America. Although the systematics within Trogidae is well established, the evolutionary relationships among Polynoncus species remain poorly understood. Here, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis based on maximum parsimony, using the equal and implicit weighting algorithm with all characters, in TNT v.1.5 software. The assembled data matrix consisted of 98 morphological characters scored for 48 taxa. Our results corroborate the monophyletic status of Polynoncus and its sister-group relationship with the genus Omorgus, both within Omorginae. In Polynoncus, three main lineages were recovered: (i) clade ‘pedestris’, with four species occurring mostly in the Andes; (ii) clade ‘pilularius’, whose species have been most reported in the temperate zone of South America; and (iii) clade ‘brevicollis’, whose species are distributed from the arid zones of Argentina and Chile to Peru, following through the Andes. This is the first species-level phylogeny presented for Trogidae.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143035151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-25DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae176
Luciano A Pradelli, Diego Pol, Martín D Ezcurra
Piatnitzkysaurus floresi is a theropod dinosaur from the Cañadón Asfalto Formation (Chubut Province, Argentina) and one of the few Early Jurassic tetanurans known worldwide. This species is known from two specimens and plays a key role in our understanding of the early evolution of tetanuran theropods. Nevertheless, the published information about its postcranium is limited to the original description of the 1980s and drawings in a few views. Here, we redescribe in detail the appendicular skeleton of Piatnitzkaysaurus and integrate new information into new phylogenetic and morphological disparity analyses focused on non-coelurosaurian tetanurans. Our results agree with recent studies that place Piatnitzkysauridae (including Condorraptor, Marshosaurus, Piatnitzkysaurus, and Xuanhanosaurus) as the earliest diverging group of Allosauroidea and within a monophyletic Carnosauria (Allosauroidea + Megalosauroidea). Morphological disparity analyses of the appendicular skeleton of non-coelurosaurian tetanurans show that the Jurassic species occupy a different morphospace from the Cretaceous species. Condorraptor and Piatnitzkysaurus are found within the morphospace occupied by the Middle Jurassic species from the Northern Hemisphere, which indicates the presence of similar body plans for the non-coelurosaurian tetanurans during the Early–Middle Jurassic worldwide. The new information about Piatnitzkysaurus improves our knowledge about the evolution of early tetanurans.
{"title":"The appendicular osteology of the Early Jurassic theropod Piatnitzkysaurus floresi and its implications on the morphological disparity of non-coelurosaurian tetanurans","authors":"Luciano A Pradelli, Diego Pol, Martín D Ezcurra","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae176","url":null,"abstract":"Piatnitzkysaurus floresi is a theropod dinosaur from the Cañadón Asfalto Formation (Chubut Province, Argentina) and one of the few Early Jurassic tetanurans known worldwide. This species is known from two specimens and plays a key role in our understanding of the early evolution of tetanuran theropods. Nevertheless, the published information about its postcranium is limited to the original description of the 1980s and drawings in a few views. Here, we redescribe in detail the appendicular skeleton of Piatnitzkaysaurus and integrate new information into new phylogenetic and morphological disparity analyses focused on non-coelurosaurian tetanurans. Our results agree with recent studies that place Piatnitzkysauridae (including Condorraptor, Marshosaurus, Piatnitzkysaurus, and Xuanhanosaurus) as the earliest diverging group of Allosauroidea and within a monophyletic Carnosauria (Allosauroidea + Megalosauroidea). Morphological disparity analyses of the appendicular skeleton of non-coelurosaurian tetanurans show that the Jurassic species occupy a different morphospace from the Cretaceous species. Condorraptor and Piatnitzkysaurus are found within the morphospace occupied by the Middle Jurassic species from the Northern Hemisphere, which indicates the presence of similar body plans for the non-coelurosaurian tetanurans during the Early–Middle Jurassic worldwide. The new information about Piatnitzkysaurus improves our knowledge about the evolution of early tetanurans.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143035149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-20DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae171
Valentina Castro-Huertas, María Cecilia Melo
Saicini comprise 24 genera and 147 species worldwide. Here, we include additional taxa and characters to the morphological dataset of Castro-Huertas and Melo (2023) into a new one composed of 181 characters, which was analysed cladistically with 63 terminals, comprising 18 genera (75% of the generic diversity), 49 species of Saicini, and 12 outgroups. Saicini was recovered as monophyletic, with Carayonia orientalis (Visayanocorini) as its sister-species. Our hypotheses recovered two main clades within Saicini that we recognized as two new subtribes: Saicina subtrib. nov. and Tagalina subtrib. nov.; and the new tribe, Saiciretini trib. nov. of uncertain affinities within Emesinae. Additionally, the morphology and evolution of the scopula is explored. The scopula is a hairy attachment structure on the third tarsomere composed of a set of spatulate setae present on all legs of Saicini and on the meso- and metalegs of a few species of the tribes Emesini and Leistarchini (Emesinae). Scopula presence on all legs had been recovered as synapomorphy of the tribe Saicini. The reconstruction of the ancestral state of the hairy setae shows an emergence of this structure on the ventral region of the third tarsal segment of the protarsus in Saicini and its ancestor without scopula. The arrangement of the scopula is consistent with the recovered clades.
全世界共有24属147种。本文将Castro-Huertas和Melo（2023）的形态数据集中新增的分类群和性状整合为一个由181个性状组成的新数据集，并对该数据集进行了进化分析，其中包括63个终端，包括18个属（75%的属多样性），49个Saicini种和12个外群。该植物为单系植物，其姊妹种为卡拉onia orientalis （Visayanocorini）。我们的假设在赛奇尼中发现了两个主要的分支，我们认为这两个分支是两个新的亚部落：赛奇纳亚部落。11月和塔加利纳子。11月;和新的部落，萨奇瑞提部落。11 .在Emesinae内不确定的亲缘关系。此外，还探讨了内镜的形态和进化。镫骨是位于第三跗体上的一种毛状附着结构，由一组匙形刚毛组成，存在于所有的猴腿上，也存在于Emesini和Leistarchini （Emesinae）部落的一些物种的中腿和中腿上。所有腿上都有Scopula，这是Saicini部落的近亲。对毛状刚毛的祖先状态的重建表明，这种结构出现在Saicini的前跗骨第三节的腹侧区域，其祖先没有鼻镜。鼻镜的排列与发现的支枝一致。
{"title":"Reassessment of the Saicini phylogeny and evolution of hairy attachment structures on tarsi (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae)","authors":"Valentina Castro-Huertas, María Cecilia Melo","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae171","url":null,"abstract":"Saicini comprise 24 genera and 147 species worldwide. Here, we include additional taxa and characters to the morphological dataset of Castro-Huertas and Melo (2023) into a new one composed of 181 characters, which was analysed cladistically with 63 terminals, comprising 18 genera (75% of the generic diversity), 49 species of Saicini, and 12 outgroups. Saicini was recovered as monophyletic, with Carayonia orientalis (Visayanocorini) as its sister-species. Our hypotheses recovered two main clades within Saicini that we recognized as two new subtribes: Saicina subtrib. nov. and Tagalina subtrib. nov.; and the new tribe, Saiciretini trib. nov. of uncertain affinities within Emesinae. Additionally, the morphology and evolution of the scopula is explored. The scopula is a hairy attachment structure on the third tarsomere composed of a set of spatulate setae present on all legs of Saicini and on the meso- and metalegs of a few species of the tribes Emesini and Leistarchini (Emesinae). Scopula presence on all legs had been recovered as synapomorphy of the tribe Saicini. The reconstruction of the ancestral state of the hairy setae shows an emergence of this structure on the ventral region of the third tarsal segment of the protarsus in Saicini and its ancestor without scopula. The arrangement of the scopula is consistent with the recovered clades.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142991496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-13DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162
Jhael A Ortega, Diego F Cisneros-Heredia, Jeffrey D Camper, Andrés Romero-Carvajal, Leonardo Negrete, Santiago R Ron
Noblella is a genus of 17 recognized nominal species of ground-dwelling, direct-developing frogs. It consists of two clades that do not form a monophyletic group: a northern clade from northern Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Brazil and a southern clade from southern Peru and Bolivia. Herein, we present a systematic review of Noblella with emphasis on the northern clade, including a new phylogeny based on DNA sequences of mitochondrial and nuclear genes. We also describe the osteology of five species from the northern clade using X-ray computed tomography. Based on our results, we resurrect the genus Phyllonastes for species of the northern clade (i.e. eight described species plus six new species described herein) and restrict the genus Noblella to the southern clade. We describe a new genus of Holoadeninae, sister to Phyllonastes: Urkuphryne gen. nov., from northern Ecuador. The new genus is distinguished by unique morphological characteristics that are diagnostic of different genera in Strabomantidae. We describe seven new species diagnosable based on morphology. Phyllonastes has five morphological synapomorphies, including the absence of vomerine teeth. Phyllonastes originated in the Pacific basin, Chocó region, ~21 Mya.
Noblella属有17个已知的地栖、直接发育的蛙类物种。该属由两个支系组成，但这两个支系并不构成一个单系群：一个是来自秘鲁北部、厄瓜多尔、哥伦比亚和巴西的北部支系，另一个是来自秘鲁南部和玻利维亚的南部支系。在本文中，我们对 Noblella 进行了系统综述，重点介绍了北部支系，包括基于线粒体和核基因 DNA 序列的新系统发育。我们还利用 X 射线计算机断层扫描技术描述了北部支系五个物种的骨学特征。基于我们的研究结果，我们为北部支系的物种（即 8 个已描述的物种加上本文描述的 6 个新物种）恢复了 Phyllonastes 属，并将 Noblella 属限制在南部支系。我们描述了 Holoadeninae 的一个新属，它是 Phyllonastes 的姐妹属：Urkuphryne gen.该新属具有独特的形态特征，可诊断为Strabomantidae中的不同属。我们描述了七个可根据形态学诊断的新种。Phyllonastes有五个形态异形，包括没有绒毛齿。Phyllonastes起源于太平洋盆地的乔科地区，距今约2100万年。
{"title":"Systematics of minute strabomantid frogs allocated to the genus Noblella (Amphibia: Anura) with description of a new genus, seven new species, and insights into historical biogeography","authors":"Jhael A Ortega, Diego F Cisneros-Heredia, Jeffrey D Camper, Andrés Romero-Carvajal, Leonardo Negrete, Santiago R Ron","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162","url":null,"abstract":"Noblella is a genus of 17 recognized nominal species of ground-dwelling, direct-developing frogs. It consists of two clades that do not form a monophyletic group: a northern clade from northern Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Brazil and a southern clade from southern Peru and Bolivia. Herein, we present a systematic review of Noblella with emphasis on the northern clade, including a new phylogeny based on DNA sequences of mitochondrial and nuclear genes. We also describe the osteology of five species from the northern clade using X-ray computed tomography. Based on our results, we resurrect the genus Phyllonastes for species of the northern clade (i.e. eight described species plus six new species described herein) and restrict the genus Noblella to the southern clade. We describe a new genus of Holoadeninae, sister to Phyllonastes: Urkuphryne gen. nov., from northern Ecuador. The new genus is distinguished by unique morphological characteristics that are diagnostic of different genera in Strabomantidae. We describe seven new species diagnosable based on morphology. Phyllonastes has five morphological synapomorphies, including the absence of vomerine teeth. Phyllonastes originated in the Pacific basin, Chocó region, ~21 Mya.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142974598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-11DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae169
Qiang Xuan, Lorenzo Prendini, Michael S Engel, Chenyang Cai, Diying Huang
The extinct scorpion family Chaerilobuthidae Lourenço and Beigel, 2011, endemic to Burmese amber, was initially established due to its unique pedipalp trichobothrial pattern related to the Type A and Type B patterns of families Buthidae C.L. Koch, 1837 and Chaerilidae Pocock, 1893, respectively. The present contribution describes 11 new specimens, representing seven species of Chaerilobuthidae from Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber, revealing their morphology using various imaging technologies. A revised diagnosis of Chaerilobuthus Lourenço and Beigel, 2011 is provided based on new morphological characters of the carapace, ocelli, chelicera, pedipalp trichobothria, coxapophyses, and leg tarsi. The other two genera of Chaerilobuthidae, Chaeriloiurus Lourenço, 2020 and Serratochaerilobuthus Lourenço, 2024, are synonymized with Chaerilobuthus based on a reassessment of their morphological characters and morphometric analysis, creating Chaerilobuthus brigittemuellerae (Lourenço and Velten, 2020), comb. nov. and Chaerilobuthus schmidti (Lourenço and Velten, 2024), comb. nov.. The systematic position of Chaerilobuthidae is clarified based on phylogenetic analyses of an updated morphological character matrix for Pseudochactidae Gromov, 1998, an extant family in Asia. Phylogenetic analysis placed Chaerilobuthidae sister to the pseudochactid subfamily Vietbocapinae Lourenço, 2012, justifying its transfer to Pseudochactidae, as Chaerilobuthinae Lourenço and Beigel, 2011, stat. nov.. This discovery confirms that Pseudochactidae date back 100 Mya and contributes to understanding the origin and evolutionary history of this relictual family.
缅甸琥珀特有的已灭绝蝎子科Chaerilobuthidae loureno and Beigel， 2011，由于其独特的须足毛体模式，分别与Buthidae C.L. Koch科（1837）和Chaerilidae Pocock科（1893）的A型和B型模式相关而被初步建立。本文描述了中白垩世缅甸琥珀中7种Chaerilobuthidae的11个新标本，利用各种成像技术揭示了它们的形态。根据新发现的甲壳、卵囊、螯足、肢端、毛囊、髋部和腿跗关节的形态学特征，对Chaerilobuthus lourenand Beigel， 2011进行了修订诊断。对Chaerilobuthidae的另外两个属Chaeriloiurus loureno（2020）和serratochoilobuthus loureno（2024）的形态特征进行了重新评价和形态计量学分析，并将其与Chaerilobuthus同名，创建了Chaerilobuthus brigittemuellerae (loureno and Velten, 2020), comb。11 .和Chaerilobuthus schmidti (loureno and Velten, 2024)，梳子。11月. .通过对亚洲现存科Pseudochactidae Gromov， 1998的更新形态特征矩阵的系统发育分析，阐明了Chaerilobuthidae的系统地位。系统发育分析将Chaerilobuthidae姐妹归入pseudochactid亚科Vietbocapinae loureno， 2012，证明其转移到Pseudochactidae， as Chaerilobuthinae loureno and Beigel, 2011, stat. 11。这一发现证实了假蝗科的历史可以追溯到100万年前，并有助于了解这一宗教家族的起源和进化史。
{"title":"Extinct scorpion family Chaerilobuthidae from Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber reinterpreted as subfamily of extant family Pseudochactidae (Chelicerata: Scorpiones)","authors":"Qiang Xuan, Lorenzo Prendini, Michael S Engel, Chenyang Cai, Diying Huang","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae169","url":null,"abstract":"The extinct scorpion family Chaerilobuthidae Lourenço and Beigel, 2011, endemic to Burmese amber, was initially established due to its unique pedipalp trichobothrial pattern related to the Type A and Type B patterns of families Buthidae C.L. Koch, 1837 and Chaerilidae Pocock, 1893, respectively. The present contribution describes 11 new specimens, representing seven species of Chaerilobuthidae from Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber, revealing their morphology using various imaging technologies. A revised diagnosis of Chaerilobuthus Lourenço and Beigel, 2011 is provided based on new morphological characters of the carapace, ocelli, chelicera, pedipalp trichobothria, coxapophyses, and leg tarsi. The other two genera of Chaerilobuthidae, Chaeriloiurus Lourenço, 2020 and Serratochaerilobuthus Lourenço, 2024, are synonymized with Chaerilobuthus based on a reassessment of their morphological characters and morphometric analysis, creating Chaerilobuthus brigittemuellerae (Lourenço and Velten, 2020), comb. nov. and Chaerilobuthus schmidti (Lourenço and Velten, 2024), comb. nov.. The systematic position of Chaerilobuthidae is clarified based on phylogenetic analyses of an updated morphological character matrix for Pseudochactidae Gromov, 1998, an extant family in Asia. Phylogenetic analysis placed Chaerilobuthidae sister to the pseudochactid subfamily Vietbocapinae Lourenço, 2012, justifying its transfer to Pseudochactidae, as Chaerilobuthinae Lourenço and Beigel, 2011, stat. nov.. This discovery confirms that Pseudochactidae date back 100 Mya and contributes to understanding the origin and evolutionary history of this relictual family.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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