Hypotrich ciliates are a highly diverse, predominantly benthic group, with a few planktonic representatives identified. This study examines two planktonic hypotrich species from China: Pelagotrichidium faurei (Tuffrau, 1972) Jankowski, 1978, and Psilotrichides hawaiiensis Heber et al., 2018, using live observation, protargol impregnation, and SSU ribosomal DNA sequencing. The Chinese population of Ps. hawaiiensis closely resembles previous reports but has more ventral cirri. This is the first detailed account of the morphology, ontogenesis, and SSU ribosomal DNA sequence of Pe. faurei. Key ontogenetic features of Pe. faurei include: (i) the proter retains the parental adoral zone, while the opisthe develops a new oral primordium; (ii) five frontoventral anlagen form five cirral rows per daughter cell; (iii) marginal cirral rows and dorsal kineties develop intrakinetally, while dorsomarginal kineties develop de novo; and (iv) macronuclear nodules fuse into a single mass before division. Morphological, ontogenetic, and phylogenetic differences distinguish Pe. faurei from the spirofilid type genus Hypotrichidium Ilowaisky, 1921. Phylogenetic analyses place Pe. faurei within the strongylidiid clade, separate from the spirofilids. Based on these findings, we propose a new family, Pelagotrichidiidae fam. nov., to accommodate the genus Pelagotrichidium Jankowski, 1978.
{"title":"Taxonomy and phylogeny of two planktonic hypotrichs, with establishment of a new family Pelagotrichidiidae (Protista: Ciliophora: Hypotrichia)","authors":"Meijie Hong, Zihui Zhang, Hongbo Pan, Jiamei Jiang","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf061","url":null,"abstract":"Hypotrich ciliates are a highly diverse, predominantly benthic group, with a few planktonic representatives identified. This study examines two planktonic hypotrich species from China: Pelagotrichidium faurei (Tuffrau, 1972) Jankowski, 1978, and Psilotrichides hawaiiensis Heber et al., 2018, using live observation, protargol impregnation, and SSU ribosomal DNA sequencing. The Chinese population of Ps. hawaiiensis closely resembles previous reports but has more ventral cirri. This is the first detailed account of the morphology, ontogenesis, and SSU ribosomal DNA sequence of Pe. faurei. Key ontogenetic features of Pe. faurei include: (i) the proter retains the parental adoral zone, while the opisthe develops a new oral primordium; (ii) five frontoventral anlagen form five cirral rows per daughter cell; (iii) marginal cirral rows and dorsal kineties develop intrakinetally, while dorsomarginal kineties develop de novo; and (iv) macronuclear nodules fuse into a single mass before division. Morphological, ontogenetic, and phylogenetic differences distinguish Pe. faurei from the spirofilid type genus Hypotrichidium Ilowaisky, 1921. Phylogenetic analyses place Pe. faurei within the strongylidiid clade, separate from the spirofilids. Based on these findings, we propose a new family, Pelagotrichidiidae fam. nov., to accommodate the genus Pelagotrichidium Jankowski, 1978.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144520858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf042
Antonio Zurita, Conrad A Matthee
From a taxonomic and systematic perspective, the order Siphonaptera is a neglected and overlooked group of insects. The classification of fleas is further hampered by a few classical taxonomic keys published over 40 years ago and, in many cases, they are not digitized and thus not easily accessible. More recently, molecular data have been utilized with great success in an attempt to resolve some of the higher level taxonomic uncertainties for Siphonaptera, but detailed phylogenetic studies of fleas are still scarce. Here we conduct a comprehensive phylogenetic and evolutionary review using 148 taxa within the infraorder Ceratophyllomorpha with 4689 aligned sites derived from seven different molecular markers. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses supported the monophyly of 34/48 genera (71%), and also supported the monophyly of most members within the Leptopsyllidae, Ceratophyllidae, and Ischnopsyllidae. The dated phylogeny constructed shows that diversification within the Ceratophyllomorpha dates back to ~23.1 Mya, and from this period onwards, the evolution of the fleas included herein was influenced by both host association and host distribution. The most common hosts of the Ceratophyllomorpha group were various families of rodents, with the exception of the Ischnopsyllidae, that was specific to the order Chiroptera. The rich extant Ceratophyllomorpha diversity is mainly confined to the Palaearctic region, and this geographic pattern was most evident for the family Leptopsyllidae. The present study emphasizes the need for a comprehensive taxonomic revision for the order Siphonaptera. Since the current taxonomic schemes are mainly based on morphology, future focus should be given to those species where no molecular data are available and where molecular data are scarce.
{"title":"A molecular phylogeny of Ceratophyllomorpha (Insecta: Siphonaptera): geographical distribution, origins, and host associations","authors":"Antonio Zurita, Conrad A Matthee","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf042","url":null,"abstract":"From a taxonomic and systematic perspective, the order Siphonaptera is a neglected and overlooked group of insects. The classification of fleas is further hampered by a few classical taxonomic keys published over 40 years ago and, in many cases, they are not digitized and thus not easily accessible. More recently, molecular data have been utilized with great success in an attempt to resolve some of the higher level taxonomic uncertainties for Siphonaptera, but detailed phylogenetic studies of fleas are still scarce. Here we conduct a comprehensive phylogenetic and evolutionary review using 148 taxa within the infraorder Ceratophyllomorpha with 4689 aligned sites derived from seven different molecular markers. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses supported the monophyly of 34/48 genera (71%), and also supported the monophyly of most members within the Leptopsyllidae, Ceratophyllidae, and Ischnopsyllidae. The dated phylogeny constructed shows that diversification within the Ceratophyllomorpha dates back to ~23.1 Mya, and from this period onwards, the evolution of the fleas included herein was influenced by both host association and host distribution. The most common hosts of the Ceratophyllomorpha group were various families of rodents, with the exception of the Ischnopsyllidae, that was specific to the order Chiroptera. The rich extant Ceratophyllomorpha diversity is mainly confined to the Palaearctic region, and this geographic pattern was most evident for the family Leptopsyllidae. The present study emphasizes the need for a comprehensive taxonomic revision for the order Siphonaptera. Since the current taxonomic schemes are mainly based on morphology, future focus should be given to those species where no molecular data are available and where molecular data are scarce.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"272 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144520856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-29DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf067
Christina N Kalaitzi, Dimitris S Kostopoulos
During the Early Ruscinian, the leporid genus Trischizolagus (Leporidae: Mammalia) underwent a significant dispersion and increase in diversity, expanding from the peri-Paratethyan region to China, Spain, and Morocco. Its fossil record remains, however, poor, primarily comprising of isolated teeth, toothrows, and mandibles, while cranial material is extremely rare and often too fragmentary. The present paper presents a well-preserved and rich sample of Trischizolagus from the Megalo Emvolon-4 (MVL) fossil site near Thessaloniki (Greece) and provides for the first time the full cranial anatomy of T. dumitrescuae, the most common species known from the Late Ruscinian of SE Europe. The results allow an assessment of its intraspecific variation, while comprehensive craniodental comparisons fix some previous morphological misconceptions and provide additional distinctive cranial features with both extinct and extant Old World leporid taxa. Although a phylogenetic analysis failed to resolve the relationships of the genus, a review of its chronospatial distribution based on earlier hypotheses and new data confirms its debatable north Mediterranean Mio-Pliocene record and favors an origin closer to a dentally advanced Hypolagus population.
{"title":"Craniodental anatomy of Late Ruscinian Trischizolagus (Leporidae: Lagomorpha) from Megalo Emvolon (Thessaloniki, Greece)","authors":"Christina N Kalaitzi, Dimitris S Kostopoulos","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf067","url":null,"abstract":"During the Early Ruscinian, the leporid genus Trischizolagus (Leporidae: Mammalia) underwent a significant dispersion and increase in diversity, expanding from the peri-Paratethyan region to China, Spain, and Morocco. Its fossil record remains, however, poor, primarily comprising of isolated teeth, toothrows, and mandibles, while cranial material is extremely rare and often too fragmentary. The present paper presents a well-preserved and rich sample of Trischizolagus from the Megalo Emvolon-4 (MVL) fossil site near Thessaloniki (Greece) and provides for the first time the full cranial anatomy of T. dumitrescuae, the most common species known from the Late Ruscinian of SE Europe. The results allow an assessment of its intraspecific variation, while comprehensive craniodental comparisons fix some previous morphological misconceptions and provide additional distinctive cranial features with both extinct and extant Old World leporid taxa. Although a phylogenetic analysis failed to resolve the relationships of the genus, a review of its chronospatial distribution based on earlier hypotheses and new data confirms its debatable north Mediterranean Mio-Pliocene record and favors an origin closer to a dentally advanced Hypolagus population.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-29DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf049
Marlene Hoehle, Katharina Methner, Gene Hunt, Werner E Piller, Claudia Wrozyna
Sexual differences in the size and shape of males and females are widespread in the animal kingdom, but research on sexual dimorphism in ostracods has been limited. From 718 individual ostracod valves of the species Cyprideis torosa, we extracted size (length and height) and valve width (from focus-stacked photographs), and we used geometric morphometrics to analyse the shape of valve outlines. Variability of C. torosa was investigated on different geographical (Baltic Sea, Central Germany, and Mediterranean area) and geological (Holocene to living) scales. We found that sexual differences were greater in shape than in size and that populations on our geographical scale showed a differentiation in size. Dimorphism in width was investigated in detail for the first time for ostracods and showed strongest dimorphism within the size traits. The examination of the relationship between size and shape revealed sex-specific, regional, and temporal patterns. All size traits of C. torosa showed allometry consistent with Rensch’s rule. Isolation of the Mansfeld Lakes populations from marginal marine environments might have contributed to morphological differentiation as expression of possible speciation. We suggest that morphological variability in C. torosa results from a combination of sex-specific and scale-dependent geographical phenotypic plasticity and regional sexual and fecundity selection pressures on the sexes.
{"title":"Temporal and spatial variation of sexual size and shape dimorphism of Cyprideis torosa (Ostracoda)","authors":"Marlene Hoehle, Katharina Methner, Gene Hunt, Werner E Piller, Claudia Wrozyna","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf049","url":null,"abstract":"Sexual differences in the size and shape of males and females are widespread in the animal kingdom, but research on sexual dimorphism in ostracods has been limited. From 718 individual ostracod valves of the species Cyprideis torosa, we extracted size (length and height) and valve width (from focus-stacked photographs), and we used geometric morphometrics to analyse the shape of valve outlines. Variability of C. torosa was investigated on different geographical (Baltic Sea, Central Germany, and Mediterranean area) and geological (Holocene to living) scales. We found that sexual differences were greater in shape than in size and that populations on our geographical scale showed a differentiation in size. Dimorphism in width was investigated in detail for the first time for ostracods and showed strongest dimorphism within the size traits. The examination of the relationship between size and shape revealed sex-specific, regional, and temporal patterns. All size traits of C. torosa showed allometry consistent with Rensch’s rule. Isolation of the Mansfeld Lakes populations from marginal marine environments might have contributed to morphological differentiation as expression of possible speciation. We suggest that morphological variability in C. torosa results from a combination of sex-specific and scale-dependent geographical phenotypic plasticity and regional sexual and fecundity selection pressures on the sexes.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144516137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-29DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf052
Grigori Morozov, Alexander Ereskovsky, Natalia Strelkova
Suberites luetkenii Schmidt, 1870 is a polymorphic Arctic species with several distinct morphotypes, suggesting that it might represent a species complex. The aim of the present work was to verify, using an integrative approach, whether these morphs are conspecific or represent cryptic species. Using COI mitochondrial and 28S nuclear loci, two phylogenies of the family Suberitidae were constructed that were congruent with each other. We retrieved two highly supported sister clades: the Suberites s.s. clade I, which includes suberitid species from the North Atlantic and North Pacific boreal regions associated with the hermit crab, and the arctic clade. New findings of Suberites pagurorum Solé-Cava & Thorpe, 1986 from the Norwegian Sea represent the northernmost records of the species, marking the northern limit of the boreal Suberites s.s. clade I at the Atlantic–Arctic biogeographical border. Along the Scandinavian coasts, members of both clades are sympatric, while further to the north, arctic counterparts predominate. Our analysis shows that the arctic clade defined in this study is more closely related to North Pacific species and shares a single evolutionary origin with them.
{"title":"Deciphering Arctic sponge diversity: genetic and morphological evidence reveals cryptic lineages in Suberites","authors":"Grigori Morozov, Alexander Ereskovsky, Natalia Strelkova","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf052","url":null,"abstract":"Suberites luetkenii Schmidt, 1870 is a polymorphic Arctic species with several distinct morphotypes, suggesting that it might represent a species complex. The aim of the present work was to verify, using an integrative approach, whether these morphs are conspecific or represent cryptic species. Using COI mitochondrial and 28S nuclear loci, two phylogenies of the family Suberitidae were constructed that were congruent with each other. We retrieved two highly supported sister clades: the Suberites s.s. clade I, which includes suberitid species from the North Atlantic and North Pacific boreal regions associated with the hermit crab, and the arctic clade. New findings of Suberites pagurorum Solé-Cava & Thorpe, 1986 from the Norwegian Sea represent the northernmost records of the species, marking the northern limit of the boreal Suberites s.s. clade I at the Atlantic–Arctic biogeographical border. Along the Scandinavian coasts, members of both clades are sympatric, while further to the north, arctic counterparts predominate. Our analysis shows that the arctic clade defined in this study is more closely related to North Pacific species and shares a single evolutionary origin with them.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144516021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-28DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf036
Jessie L Williamson, Chauncey R Gadek, Bryce W Robinson, Emil Bautista, Selina M Bauernfeind, Matthew J Baumann, Ethan F Gyllenhaal, Peter P Marra, Natalia Ricote, Nadia D Singh, Thomas Valqui, Christopher C Witt
Giant hummingbirds (Patagona spp.) are extraordinarily large hummingbirds whose taxonomy has been muddled for two centuries. Patagona systematics were recently redefined in a study of migration, physiology, and genomics, revealing two species: the Northern Giant Hummingbird and Southern Giant Hummingbird. Here, we re-evaluate taxonomy and nomenclature of the genus in light of its newly clarified biology and species limits, analysing data from 608 specimens and wild-caught individuals spanning 1864–2023. The forms gigas and peruviana were both described based on multiple syntypes. The possible syntypes for Patagona gigas are dubious, so we designate a neotype for this taxon. The genetic identity of the peruviana lectotype remains untested, but its plumage appears to match the northern species. We critically considered the identity and usage of gigas and peruviana, respectively, and examined identification challenges that fostered taxonomic uncertainty. We endorse the name Patagona gigas for the Southern Giant Hummingbird and Patagona peruviana for the Northern Giant Hummingbird. We found that ~33% of specimens (74 of 226) in major museum collections that are labeled peruviana are actually misidentified gigas and we include this full list to correct the historical record. Finally, to facilitate identification and future study of these two cryptic species, we provide comprehensive information on plumage, measurements, and seasonal ranges.
{"title":"Taxonomy, nomenclature, and identification of the giant hummingbirds (Patagona spp.) (Aves: Trochilidae)","authors":"Jessie L Williamson, Chauncey R Gadek, Bryce W Robinson, Emil Bautista, Selina M Bauernfeind, Matthew J Baumann, Ethan F Gyllenhaal, Peter P Marra, Natalia Ricote, Nadia D Singh, Thomas Valqui, Christopher C Witt","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf036","url":null,"abstract":"Giant hummingbirds (Patagona spp.) are extraordinarily large hummingbirds whose taxonomy has been muddled for two centuries. Patagona systematics were recently redefined in a study of migration, physiology, and genomics, revealing two species: the Northern Giant Hummingbird and Southern Giant Hummingbird. Here, we re-evaluate taxonomy and nomenclature of the genus in light of its newly clarified biology and species limits, analysing data from 608 specimens and wild-caught individuals spanning 1864–2023. The forms gigas and peruviana were both described based on multiple syntypes. The possible syntypes for Patagona gigas are dubious, so we designate a neotype for this taxon. The genetic identity of the peruviana lectotype remains untested, but its plumage appears to match the northern species. We critically considered the identity and usage of gigas and peruviana, respectively, and examined identification challenges that fostered taxonomic uncertainty. We endorse the name Patagona gigas for the Southern Giant Hummingbird and Patagona peruviana for the Northern Giant Hummingbird. We found that ~33% of specimens (74 of 226) in major museum collections that are labeled peruviana are actually misidentified gigas and we include this full list to correct the historical record. Finally, to facilitate identification and future study of these two cryptic species, we provide comprehensive information on plumage, measurements, and seasonal ranges.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144503363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-28DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf050
Lucas S Antonietto, C Giles Miller, Borja Holgado, Tayslane dos S Gonçalves, Brett Clark
Calcareous concretions typical of the Lower Cretaceous Romualdo Formation (late Aptian–Albian of the Santana Group), in the northeastern Brazilian Araripe Basin, occasionally yield exceptionally preserved ostracods with pristine soft parts. These rare specimens allow in-depth studies of ostracod taxonomy and systematics. This is particularly important when dealing with the classification of groups where carapace ornamentation is less common, such as the cypridocopines that have been abundant in continental and transitional environments since Late Jurassic times. Damonella grandiensis is a commonly occurring species in the Romualdo Formation that has long caused taxonomic and systematic arguments due to its mostly featureless carapace—the reason it has been known previously as ‘Ostracode n.º 207’. New detailed CT scans of Damonella grandiensis specimens, coupled with scanning electron microscopy and improved stereoscopic micrographs of additional specimens, allow a review of the species, including first descriptions of their caudal rami and paired sperm pumps (Zenker organs). These indicate not only that Damonella grandiensis must be placed within the genus Reconcavona (as Reconcavona grandiensis comb. nov.), but also that this genus is not representative of the Candonidae, but instead of the Paracyprididae—which impacts on the early evolutionary history of paracypridids.
{"title":"Using computed tomography scanning in exceptionally preserved Lower Cretaceous ostracods from Brazil to reassess the evolutionary history of Paracyprididae (Podocopida: Cypridocopina)","authors":"Lucas S Antonietto, C Giles Miller, Borja Holgado, Tayslane dos S Gonçalves, Brett Clark","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf050","url":null,"abstract":"Calcareous concretions typical of the Lower Cretaceous Romualdo Formation (late Aptian–Albian of the Santana Group), in the northeastern Brazilian Araripe Basin, occasionally yield exceptionally preserved ostracods with pristine soft parts. These rare specimens allow in-depth studies of ostracod taxonomy and systematics. This is particularly important when dealing with the classification of groups where carapace ornamentation is less common, such as the cypridocopines that have been abundant in continental and transitional environments since Late Jurassic times. Damonella grandiensis is a commonly occurring species in the Romualdo Formation that has long caused taxonomic and systematic arguments due to its mostly featureless carapace—the reason it has been known previously as ‘Ostracode n.º 207’. New detailed CT scans of Damonella grandiensis specimens, coupled with scanning electron microscopy and improved stereoscopic micrographs of additional specimens, allow a review of the species, including first descriptions of their caudal rami and paired sperm pumps (Zenker organs). These indicate not only that Damonella grandiensis must be placed within the genus Reconcavona (as Reconcavona grandiensis comb. nov.), but also that this genus is not representative of the Candonidae, but instead of the Paracyprididae—which impacts on the early evolutionary history of paracypridids.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"643 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144503500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-25DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf010
Congcong Wang, Limin Jiang, Hongbo Pan, Alan Warren, Xiaozhong Hu
Two unusual algivorous ciliates, Paracoeloperix composita gen. nov., sp. nov. and Chlamydonella wangi sp. nov., were collected from marine habitats in China. Their morphology and molecular phylogeny were investigated using microscopical and ribosomal gene sequencing techniques. Paracoeloperix gen. nov. can be distinguished from its most closely related genus, Coeloperix, by its distinct trilinear oral ciliature and its small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (SSU rRNA) gene sequence divergence. Paracoeloperix composita gen. nov., sp. nov. is characterized by having trilinear perioral kineties, a complete cross-striated band, finger-like tentacles on the ventral side, and anterior and left terminal fragments. Chlamydonella wangi sp. nov. differs from its congeners by having a reniform body, four or five contractile vacuoles, 17–19 somatic kineties, and 2.6%–8.3% SSU rDNA sequence dissimilarity. The systematic placements of the family Lynchellidae and the genus Paracoeloperix gen. nov. remain elusive owing to their low support values in phylogenetic trees and the unstable topology of these trees. Furthermore, the present study rejects the monophyly of the genus Chlamydonella because Chlamydonella wangi sp. nov. is closely related to Chlamydonellopsis calkinsi. Additionally, an illustrated identification key of Lynchellidae genera and a conjecture based on mapping between morphological features and the SSU rDNA tree are provided.
{"title":"Insight into the diversity and phylogeny of the ciliate family Lynchellidae (Alveolata: Ciliophora), with the establishment of a new genus and two new species","authors":"Congcong Wang, Limin Jiang, Hongbo Pan, Alan Warren, Xiaozhong Hu","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf010","url":null,"abstract":"Two unusual algivorous ciliates, Paracoeloperix composita gen. nov., sp. nov. and Chlamydonella wangi sp. nov., were collected from marine habitats in China. Their morphology and molecular phylogeny were investigated using microscopical and ribosomal gene sequencing techniques. Paracoeloperix gen. nov. can be distinguished from its most closely related genus, Coeloperix, by its distinct trilinear oral ciliature and its small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (SSU rRNA) gene sequence divergence. Paracoeloperix composita gen. nov., sp. nov. is characterized by having trilinear perioral kineties, a complete cross-striated band, finger-like tentacles on the ventral side, and anterior and left terminal fragments. Chlamydonella wangi sp. nov. differs from its congeners by having a reniform body, four or five contractile vacuoles, 17–19 somatic kineties, and 2.6%–8.3% SSU rDNA sequence dissimilarity. The systematic placements of the family Lynchellidae and the genus Paracoeloperix gen. nov. remain elusive owing to their low support values in phylogenetic trees and the unstable topology of these trees. Furthermore, the present study rejects the monophyly of the genus Chlamydonella because Chlamydonella wangi sp. nov. is closely related to Chlamydonellopsis calkinsi. Additionally, an illustrated identification key of Lynchellidae genera and a conjecture based on mapping between morphological features and the SSU rDNA tree are provided.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144479242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-14DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf045
Philippe J R Kok, Antoine Fouquet, Omar Torres Carvajal, D Bruce Means, Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues
The gymnophthalmid lizard genus Arthrosaura currently contains seven species distributed in the Amazonian lowlands and in the Pantepui region. The phylogenetic position and taxonomic status of most species in the genus are surrounded by considerable uncertainty. The type locality of the widespread Ar. reticulata (type species for the genus) is Canelos in Ecuador, but no specimen from Ecuador has ever been included in molecular phylogenies. Here we reassessed the molecular systematics and species’ diversity of Arthrosaura based on a multilocus analysis of a six-gene region matrix of an extensive dataset, including several species/populations that had never been sequenced previously, most from close to the type localities. Our results reveal a non-monophyletic Arthrosaura, with Ar. testigensis nested within Yanomamia, and Arthrosaura kockii recovered sister to all other Ecpleopodinae. Rampant ‘cryptic’ speciation is recovered in the Amazonian lowlands, with at least four undescribed species. The genus is particularly diverse in the Guiana Shield, which harbours nine of the 10 species recovered in our analyses (Ar. kockii excluded). Eight of these species are endemic to the Guiana Shield, four in the western part (west of the Essequibo River), four in the eastern part (east of the Essequibo River).
节肢蜥蜴属（gymnophthalmid lizard genus Arthrosaura）目前有7种，分布在亚马逊低地和Pantepui地区。该属大多数种的系统发育位置和分类地位都存在相当大的不确定性。广泛分布的网翅蝗（该属的模式种）的模式地点是厄瓜多尔的Canelos，但厄瓜多尔的标本从未被纳入分子系统发育。本文基于对大量数据集的6个基因区域矩阵的多位点分析，对节肢动物的分子系统学和物种多样性进行了重新评估，这些数据集包括几个以前从未测序过的物种/种群，大多数来自接近类型位置的物种/种群。我们的研究结果发现了一种非单系的节肢动物，与雄性节肢动物嵌套在一起，而科奇节肢动物与其他所有的节肢动物都是姐妹。猖獗的“神秘”物种在亚马逊低地恢复，至少有四种未被描述的物种。该属在圭亚那盾中特别多样化，在我们的分析中发现的10种中有9种是在圭亚那盾中发现的（不包括Ar. kockii）。其中8种是圭亚那地盾特有的，4种在西部（埃塞奎博河以西），4种在东部（埃塞奎博河以东）。
{"title":"New insights into the molecular phylogenetic relationships of lizards in the Neotropical genus Arthrosaura (Reptilia: Gymnophthalmidae) reveal rampant ‘cryptic’ speciation in the Guiana Shield","authors":"Philippe J R Kok, Antoine Fouquet, Omar Torres Carvajal, D Bruce Means, Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf045","url":null,"abstract":"The gymnophthalmid lizard genus Arthrosaura currently contains seven species distributed in the Amazonian lowlands and in the Pantepui region. The phylogenetic position and taxonomic status of most species in the genus are surrounded by considerable uncertainty. The type locality of the widespread Ar. reticulata (type species for the genus) is Canelos in Ecuador, but no specimen from Ecuador has ever been included in molecular phylogenies. Here we reassessed the molecular systematics and species’ diversity of Arthrosaura based on a multilocus analysis of a six-gene region matrix of an extensive dataset, including several species/populations that had never been sequenced previously, most from close to the type localities. Our results reveal a non-monophyletic Arthrosaura, with Ar. testigensis nested within Yanomamia, and Arthrosaura kockii recovered sister to all other Ecpleopodinae. Rampant ‘cryptic’ speciation is recovered in the Amazonian lowlands, with at least four undescribed species. The genus is particularly diverse in the Guiana Shield, which harbours nine of the 10 species recovered in our analyses (Ar. kockii excluded). Eight of these species are endemic to the Guiana Shield, four in the western part (west of the Essequibo River), four in the eastern part (east of the Essequibo River).","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-14DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf043
Eugenia Minghetti, Sara Itzel Montemayor, Pablo Matías Dellapé
Eccritotarsini, the largest tribe of Bryocorinae with 115 genera and more than 625 species worldwide, is most diverse in the New World, where most of its genera and species occur. Among these genera, Neella, Neoneella, Adneella, Paraneella, Proneella, and the recently described Egerocoris and Thomasomiris have been recognized as part of the ‘Neella–Neoneella complex’ by previous authors. In this contribution, the monophyly of the complex is tested and a phylogenetic analysis is carried out based on morphological characters. As a result, the genera Neella, Neoneella, Proneella, and Adneella are diagnosed and redescribed, the new genera Globicephalomirisgen. nov., Laterocavocorisgen. nov., Lelenagen. nov., Naellegen. nov., and Puncticollusgen. nov. are delimited and described, and the following new combinations are proposed: A. cuneatacomb. nov., A. decarloicomb. nov., A. explanatacomb. nov., A. frumentariacomb. nov., A. nigronotatacomb. nov., G. carmelitanacomb. nov., G. oaxacanacomb. nov., G. pallescenscomb. nov., G. veracruzanacomb. nov., Laterocavocoris lutescenscomb. nov., Lelena cinnamomeacomb. nov., Lelena guianacomb. nov., Lelena unicolorcomb. nov., Naelle ecuatorianacomb. nov., Naelle itacoaiensiscomb. nov., Puncticollus anduzeeicomb. nov., and Puncticollus rondoniacomb. nov. Several novel characters, mainly from male genitalia, are included in the generic diagnosis and descriptions.
{"title":"Phylogenetic revision of the Neella–Neoneella complex (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Bryocorinae), with description of five new genera","authors":"Eugenia Minghetti, Sara Itzel Montemayor, Pablo Matías Dellapé","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf043","url":null,"abstract":"Eccritotarsini, the largest tribe of Bryocorinae with 115 genera and more than 625 species worldwide, is most diverse in the New World, where most of its genera and species occur. Among these genera, Neella, Neoneella, Adneella, Paraneella, Proneella, and the recently described Egerocoris and Thomasomiris have been recognized as part of the ‘Neella–Neoneella complex’ by previous authors. In this contribution, the monophyly of the complex is tested and a phylogenetic analysis is carried out based on morphological characters. As a result, the genera Neella, Neoneella, Proneella, and Adneella are diagnosed and redescribed, the new genera Globicephalomirisgen. nov., Laterocavocorisgen. nov., Lelenagen. nov., Naellegen. nov., and Puncticollusgen. nov. are delimited and described, and the following new combinations are proposed: A. cuneatacomb. nov., A. decarloicomb. nov., A. explanatacomb. nov., A. frumentariacomb. nov., A. nigronotatacomb. nov., G. carmelitanacomb. nov., G. oaxacanacomb. nov., G. pallescenscomb. nov., G. veracruzanacomb. nov., Laterocavocoris lutescenscomb. nov., Lelena cinnamomeacomb. nov., Lelena guianacomb. nov., Lelena unicolorcomb. nov., Naelle ecuatorianacomb. nov., Naelle itacoaiensiscomb. nov., Puncticollus anduzeeicomb. nov., and Puncticollus rondoniacomb. nov. Several novel characters, mainly from male genitalia, are included in the generic diagnosis and descriptions.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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