Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae082
Andrej Čerňanský, Richard Smith, Thierry Smith, Annelise Folie
Here we report on anguimorph lizards from the earliest Eocene (MP 7) of the Dormaal locality in Belgium, from the time of the warmest global climate of the past 66 million years. Several clades can be identified in this site: Glyptosauridae, Varanidae, and Palaeovaranidae. Our study focuses on glyptosaurid specimens previously reported from the site, some of which had been provisionally described as a new species,?Placosaurus ragei, and some assigned to an unnamed Placosauriops-like ‘melanosaurine’. Our study presents data on new material, including an almost complete glyptosaurine frontal that has enabled us to assign much of the previously described material to a single genus and species. The specimens that had been assigned to both ?P ragei and the ‘melanosaurine’ share apomorphies (flat osteoderms and chevron-shaped osteoderms) with Gaultia, a glyptosaurid previously known from the earliest Eocene of Wyoming, USA. The Dormaal material represents the first record of this genus outside North America. In fact, the only potential evidence of the occurrence of ‘Melanosaurinae’ in Dormaal might be a single isolated vertebra described here. Here we also describe previously unfigured material of Saniwa and palaeovaranids from Dormaal. The presence of previously reported helodermatids cannot be supported in this Belgian site.
{"title":"Timing of intercontinental faunal migrations: Anguimorph lizards from the earliest Eocene (MP 7) of Dormaal, Belgium","authors":"Andrej Čerňanský, Richard Smith, Thierry Smith, Annelise Folie","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae082","url":null,"abstract":"Here we report on anguimorph lizards from the earliest Eocene (MP 7) of the Dormaal locality in Belgium, from the time of the warmest global climate of the past 66 million years. Several clades can be identified in this site: Glyptosauridae, Varanidae, and Palaeovaranidae. Our study focuses on glyptosaurid specimens previously reported from the site, some of which had been provisionally described as a new species,?Placosaurus ragei, and some assigned to an unnamed Placosauriops-like ‘melanosaurine’. Our study presents data on new material, including an almost complete glyptosaurine frontal that has enabled us to assign much of the previously described material to a single genus and species. The specimens that had been assigned to both ?P ragei and the ‘melanosaurine’ share apomorphies (flat osteoderms and chevron-shaped osteoderms) with Gaultia, a glyptosaurid previously known from the earliest Eocene of Wyoming, USA. The Dormaal material represents the first record of this genus outside North America. In fact, the only potential evidence of the occurrence of ‘Melanosaurinae’ in Dormaal might be a single isolated vertebra described here. Here we also describe previously unfigured material of Saniwa and palaeovaranids from Dormaal. The presence of previously reported helodermatids cannot be supported in this Belgian site.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141910225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae096
Paweł Kaczmarek, Brian Metscher, Magdalena Kowalska, Weronika Rupik
The egg tooth of squamates is a true tooth that allows them to break, tear, or cut the eggshell during hatching. In this clade there are some uncertainties concerning the egg tooth implantation geometry, the number of germs, and their fates during embryonic development. Here, we used X-ray microtomography and light microscopy, focusing on the egg tooth and remaining premaxillary teeth of the sand lizard (Lacerta agilis, Squamata: Unidentata). The developing egg tooth of this species passes through all the classic stages of tooth development. We did not find any evidence that the large size of the egg tooth is related to the merging of two egg tooth germs, which has recently been suggested to occur in snakes. Instead, this feature can be attributed to the delayed formation of the neighbouring regular premaxillary teeth. This might provide more resources to the developing egg tooth. At the last developmental stage, the egg tooth is a large, midline structure, bent forward as in most oviparous Unidentata. It is characterized by pleurodont implantation, and its base is attached to the pleura and a peculiar ridge of the alveolar bone. The attachment tissue contains periodontal ligament-like tissue, acellular cementum-like tissue, and alveolar bone.
有鳞类的卵齿是一种真正的牙齿，可以让它们在孵化过程中打破、撕裂或切割蛋壳。在该类群中，关于卵齿植入的几何形状、胚芽数量及其在胚胎发育过程中的命运还存在一些不确定性。在这里，我们使用了 X 射线显微层析技术和光学显微镜，重点研究了沙蜥（Lacerta agilis，有鳞目：单齿蜥科）的卵齿和剩余的前颌齿。该物种正在发育的卵齿经历了牙齿发育的所有典型阶段。我们没有发现任何证据表明，卵齿的大尺寸与两个卵齿胚芽的合并有关，而最近有人认为蛇类也会出现这种情况。相反，这一特征可归因于邻近的常规前颌牙齿的延迟形成。这可能为发育中的卵齿提供了更多的资源。在最后一个发育阶段，卵齿是一个巨大的中线结构，与大多数卵生单齿类动物一样向前弯曲。它的特点是胸膜种植，其基部附着在胸膜和牙槽骨的一个特殊脊上。附着组织包括牙周韧带样组织、无细胞骨水泥样组织和牙槽骨。
{"title":"Breaking through the eggshell: embryonic development of the premaxillary dentition in Lacerta agilis (Squamata: Unidentata) with special emphasis on the egg tooth","authors":"Paweł Kaczmarek, Brian Metscher, Magdalena Kowalska, Weronika Rupik","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae096","url":null,"abstract":"The egg tooth of squamates is a true tooth that allows them to break, tear, or cut the eggshell during hatching. In this clade there are some uncertainties concerning the egg tooth implantation geometry, the number of germs, and their fates during embryonic development. Here, we used X-ray microtomography and light microscopy, focusing on the egg tooth and remaining premaxillary teeth of the sand lizard (Lacerta agilis, Squamata: Unidentata). The developing egg tooth of this species passes through all the classic stages of tooth development. We did not find any evidence that the large size of the egg tooth is related to the merging of two egg tooth germs, which has recently been suggested to occur in snakes. Instead, this feature can be attributed to the delayed formation of the neighbouring regular premaxillary teeth. This might provide more resources to the developing egg tooth. At the last developmental stage, the egg tooth is a large, midline structure, bent forward as in most oviparous Unidentata. It is characterized by pleurodont implantation, and its base is attached to the pleura and a peculiar ridge of the alveolar bone. The attachment tissue contains periodontal ligament-like tissue, acellular cementum-like tissue, and alveolar bone.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141910295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae036
Hanna S Rosinger, Olga Kardailsky, Martyn Kennedy, Hamish G Spencer, Florian M Steiner, Birgit C Schlick-Steiner, Nicolas J Rawlence, Michael Knapp
The origin and evolution in the Southern Hemisphere of the Austral teals, consisting of the grey-teal and brown-teal species complexes, remains poorly understood owing to limited molecular data. With the group containing multiple independent examples of flight loss, understanding the evolutionary history of the group is of significant interest for functional genomic studies into the evolution of flightlessness. Here, we present the first whole-mitogenome-based phylogeny of the Austral teals. We show that the group diverged from a common ancestor with mallards in the late Miocene and soon after radiated into the brown-teal and grey-teal lineages, in addition to the widely distributed pintails and green-winged teals. The brown-teal species complex, which includes the volant brown teal, the flight-impaired, sub-Antarctic Auckland Island teal, and the flightless, Chatham Island and sub-Antarctic Campbell Island teals, radiated within the past 0.9–1.8 Myr. The divergence of the extinct Chatham Island teal and the colonization of the Auckland and Campbell Islands occurred from mainland New Zealand. Morphological changes towards flightlessness are also present in the volant brown teal on mainland New Zealand, suggesting that this group was on the pathway to flightlessness, a trend that accelerated in some insular island lineages.
{"title":"The radiation of Austral teals (Aves: Anseriformes) and the evolution of flightlessness","authors":"Hanna S Rosinger, Olga Kardailsky, Martyn Kennedy, Hamish G Spencer, Florian M Steiner, Birgit C Schlick-Steiner, Nicolas J Rawlence, Michael Knapp","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae036","url":null,"abstract":"The origin and evolution in the Southern Hemisphere of the Austral teals, consisting of the grey-teal and brown-teal species complexes, remains poorly understood owing to limited molecular data. With the group containing multiple independent examples of flight loss, understanding the evolutionary history of the group is of significant interest for functional genomic studies into the evolution of flightlessness. Here, we present the first whole-mitogenome-based phylogeny of the Austral teals. We show that the group diverged from a common ancestor with mallards in the late Miocene and soon after radiated into the brown-teal and grey-teal lineages, in addition to the widely distributed pintails and green-winged teals. The brown-teal species complex, which includes the volant brown teal, the flight-impaired, sub-Antarctic Auckland Island teal, and the flightless, Chatham Island and sub-Antarctic Campbell Island teals, radiated within the past 0.9–1.8 Myr. The divergence of the extinct Chatham Island teal and the colonization of the Auckland and Campbell Islands occurred from mainland New Zealand. Morphological changes towards flightlessness are also present in the volant brown teal on mainland New Zealand, suggesting that this group was on the pathway to flightlessness, a trend that accelerated in some insular island lineages.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141909174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae080
Daniel Dols-Serrate, Giacinta Angela Stocchino, Paula Nuin-Villabona, Ronald Sluys, Marta Riutort
A recent study on the freshwater planarian fauna of Corsica and Sardinia established that the formerly presumed single species Dugesia benazzii subsumed a complex of species. In that study, a thorough integrative taxonomic approach, combining molecular, morphological, and karyological data, uncovered the presence of two new endemic species. For the present study, additional samplings were conducted on Corsica, covering several new localities. The data obtained were added to our previous datasets, which included information on specimens collected from both islands. By taking a similar integrative approach to the prior study, we here describe another new endemic species from Corsica, Dugesia xeropotamica. Although our results support the separate status of this new species, it also turned out that the evolutionary relationships among species of the Corso-Sardinian clade remain unclear, because the relationships are not well resolved. Additionally, we corroborate the presence of Dugesia mariae on the Tyrrhenian islets of Montecristo and Molara, representing new records for this group of Dugesia species in the region of the Tyrrhenian Sea. In all, our findings indicate that the evolutionary and biogeographical history of Dugesia species in this region of the Western Mediterranean is more intricate than previously thought.
{"title":"New insights into the evolution and biogeography of freshwater planarians on islands in the Tyrrhenian Sea, Western Mediterranean Basin, with the integrative description of a new endemic species from Corsica (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Dugesia)","authors":"Daniel Dols-Serrate, Giacinta Angela Stocchino, Paula Nuin-Villabona, Ronald Sluys, Marta Riutort","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae080","url":null,"abstract":"A recent study on the freshwater planarian fauna of Corsica and Sardinia established that the formerly presumed single species Dugesia benazzii subsumed a complex of species. In that study, a thorough integrative taxonomic approach, combining molecular, morphological, and karyological data, uncovered the presence of two new endemic species. For the present study, additional samplings were conducted on Corsica, covering several new localities. The data obtained were added to our previous datasets, which included information on specimens collected from both islands. By taking a similar integrative approach to the prior study, we here describe another new endemic species from Corsica, Dugesia xeropotamica. Although our results support the separate status of this new species, it also turned out that the evolutionary relationships among species of the Corso-Sardinian clade remain unclear, because the relationships are not well resolved. Additionally, we corroborate the presence of Dugesia mariae on the Tyrrhenian islets of Montecristo and Molara, representing new records for this group of Dugesia species in the region of the Tyrrhenian Sea. In all, our findings indicate that the evolutionary and biogeographical history of Dugesia species in this region of the Western Mediterranean is more intricate than previously thought.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141909175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae092
Seunghyun Lee, Alain Drumont, Dmitry Telnov, Seunghwan Lee, Ming Bai
Trictenotomidae, one of the most charismatic and enigmatic groups of beetles, known for their large size and distinctive mandibles, is widely distributed throughout tropical and subtropical Asia. New species are continually being discovered, and the known range of the group has been expanded considerably by the discovery of Autocrates maqueti Drumont in the Korean Peninsula, ~2,000 km from its previously known distribution in the Chinese mainland highlands. A comprehensively sampled multigene phylogenetic tree of Trictenotomidae, including all six species of Autocrates and five species of Trictenotoma, was reconstructed using multigene data. Using the resulting phylogeny, we performed divergence time estimation, biogeographical assessments, and molecular species delimitation. All six known species of the genus Autocrates were found to be valid in all four molecular species delimitation scenarios, indicating the need for further taxonomic research on these poorly understood taxa. The A. maqueti population in South Korea forms a genetically distinct clade in all genetic analyses, suggesting that it is a natural distribution rather than a result of anthropogenically driven spread. The Korean A. maqueti population is likely to have been isolated since ~1.8 Mya, when the Yellow Sea was still a landmass, highlighting the need for targeted conservation measures in South Korea.
甲虫（Trictenotomidae）是最具魅力和最神秘的甲虫类群之一，以其巨大的体型和独特的下颚而闻名，广泛分布于亚洲热带和亚热带地区。新物种不断被发现，在朝鲜半岛发现的 Autocrates maqueti Drumont 大大扩展了该类群的已知分布范围，距离之前已知的中国大陆高原分布区约 2000 公里。利用多基因数据重建了一个全面取样的Trictenotomidae多基因系统发生树，包括所有6种Autocrates和5种Trictenotoma。利用所得到的系统发生树，我们进行了分化时间估计、生物地理评估和分子物种划分。我们发现，Autocrates 属的所有六个已知物种在所有四种分子物种定界方案中都是有效的，这表明有必要对这些了解甚少的类群进行进一步的分类研究。韩国的 A. maqueti 种群在所有遗传分析中都形成了一个遗传上独特的支系，这表明该种群是自然分布的，而非人为传播的结果。韩国的 A. maqueti 种群很可能在大约 180 万年前就已经与世隔绝了，当时黄海还是一片陆地，这凸显了在韩国采取有针对性的保护措施的必要性。
{"title":"Molecular phylogeny of Trictenotomidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea): insights into species validation and biogeography of genus Autocrates","authors":"Seunghyun Lee, Alain Drumont, Dmitry Telnov, Seunghwan Lee, Ming Bai","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae092","url":null,"abstract":"Trictenotomidae, one of the most charismatic and enigmatic groups of beetles, known for their large size and distinctive mandibles, is widely distributed throughout tropical and subtropical Asia. New species are continually being discovered, and the known range of the group has been expanded considerably by the discovery of Autocrates maqueti Drumont in the Korean Peninsula, ~2,000 km from its previously known distribution in the Chinese mainland highlands. A comprehensively sampled multigene phylogenetic tree of Trictenotomidae, including all six species of Autocrates and five species of Trictenotoma, was reconstructed using multigene data. Using the resulting phylogeny, we performed divergence time estimation, biogeographical assessments, and molecular species delimitation. All six known species of the genus Autocrates were found to be valid in all four molecular species delimitation scenarios, indicating the need for further taxonomic research on these poorly understood taxa. The A. maqueti population in South Korea forms a genetically distinct clade in all genetic analyses, suggesting that it is a natural distribution rather than a result of anthropogenically driven spread. The Korean A. maqueti population is likely to have been isolated since ~1.8 Mya, when the Yellow Sea was still a landmass, highlighting the need for targeted conservation measures in South Korea.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141909173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-03DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae083
Olga V Aksenova, Maxim V Vinarski, Tadashi Itagaki, Yuma Ohari, Tatsuo Oshida, Sang Ki Kim, Jin Hee Lee, Alexander V Kondakov, Irina S Khrebtova, Alena A Soboleva, Oksana V Travina, Svetlana E Sokolova, Dmitry M Palatov, Yulia V Bespalaya, Ilya V Vikhrev, Mikhail Yu Gofarov, Ivan N Bolotov
In this work, we present an integrative revision of the Lymnaeidae from the northeastern margin of Asia (Far East Russia, Japan, and Korea) and Alaska. According to our results, 14 native species inhabit this region, belonging to eight genera in two subfamilies (Lymnaeinae: Dallirhytis, Galba, Walhiana, Ladislavella, and Lymnaea; and Amphipepleinae: Kamtschaticana, Orientogalba, and Radix). Four of these species are new to science and three of them are described in this paper. Additionally, three established alien species are recorded from Japan (Pseudosuccinea columella, Galba schirazensis, and Galba humilis). The Japanese Archipelago represents an evolutionary hotspot of pond snail diversity, encompassing seven native species, three of which are endemic. The faunal connections between North America and northeastern Asia are discussed in the context of historical biotic interchange across the Beringian Land Bridge. Two cold-tolerant pond snails share high-latitude but localized ranges, being endemic to the Beringian Arctic: Dallirhytis atkaensis (Chukchi Peninsula, Alaska, and Aleutian Islands) and Walhiana arctica comb. nov. (Alaska). Our findings indicate that the Beringian Land Bridge has played a role in freshwater faunal exchanges between northeastern Asia and western North America.
{"title":"Taxonomy and trans-Beringian biogeography of the pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) of East Asia: an integrative view","authors":"Olga V Aksenova, Maxim V Vinarski, Tadashi Itagaki, Yuma Ohari, Tatsuo Oshida, Sang Ki Kim, Jin Hee Lee, Alexander V Kondakov, Irina S Khrebtova, Alena A Soboleva, Oksana V Travina, Svetlana E Sokolova, Dmitry M Palatov, Yulia V Bespalaya, Ilya V Vikhrev, Mikhail Yu Gofarov, Ivan N Bolotov","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae083","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we present an integrative revision of the Lymnaeidae from the northeastern margin of Asia (Far East Russia, Japan, and Korea) and Alaska. According to our results, 14 native species inhabit this region, belonging to eight genera in two subfamilies (Lymnaeinae: Dallirhytis, Galba, Walhiana, Ladislavella, and Lymnaea; and Amphipepleinae: Kamtschaticana, Orientogalba, and Radix). Four of these species are new to science and three of them are described in this paper. Additionally, three established alien species are recorded from Japan (Pseudosuccinea columella, Galba schirazensis, and Galba humilis). The Japanese Archipelago represents an evolutionary hotspot of pond snail diversity, encompassing seven native species, three of which are endemic. The faunal connections between North America and northeastern Asia are discussed in the context of historical biotic interchange across the Beringian Land Bridge. Two cold-tolerant pond snails share high-latitude but localized ranges, being endemic to the Beringian Arctic: Dallirhytis atkaensis (Chukchi Peninsula, Alaska, and Aleutian Islands) and Walhiana arctica comb. nov. (Alaska). Our findings indicate that the Beringian Land Bridge has played a role in freshwater faunal exchanges between northeastern Asia and western North America.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141887414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae051
Shi-Yu Li, Yi-Jiao Liu, Jing-Yi Xu, Zi-Xu Yin, Zhu-Qing He
The current classification system of the family Gryllacrididae primarily relies on morphological characteristics, with limited molecular studies conducted. In this study, we sequenced five genes (COI, COII, Cytb, 18S, and 28S) from a total of 46 gryllacridid individuals mainly from China. Subsequently, we utilized both the maximum likelihood method and the Bayesian inference method to construct a phylogenetic tree, aiming to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships within Gryllacrididae from China. Our results indicate that the genera Phryganogryllacris Karny, Capnogryllacris Karny, and Eugryllacris Karny are not monophyletic. Thus, we redescribe these genera, resurrect two genera (Marthogryllacris Karny stat. resurr. and Borneogryllacris Karny stat. resurr.), erect six new genera (Dracogryllacris gen. nov., Magnigryllacris gen. nov., Radigryllacris gen. nov., Sericgryllacris gen. nov., Bicornisgryllacris gen. nov., and Tenuigryllacris gen. nov.), and described two new species (Tenuigryllacris huanglianensis Li, Yin & He sp. nov. and Tenuigryllacris yingjiangensis Li, Yin & He sp. nov.). Besides, subgenus Bianigryllacris Cadena-Castañeda is a synonym of Apterolarnaca Gorochov.
{"title":"Molecular phylogeny of Chinese raspy crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae) reveals incongruences in current classification","authors":"Shi-Yu Li, Yi-Jiao Liu, Jing-Yi Xu, Zi-Xu Yin, Zhu-Qing He","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae051","url":null,"abstract":"The current classification system of the family Gryllacrididae primarily relies on morphological characteristics, with limited molecular studies conducted. In this study, we sequenced five genes (COI, COII, Cytb, 18S, and 28S) from a total of 46 gryllacridid individuals mainly from China. Subsequently, we utilized both the maximum likelihood method and the Bayesian inference method to construct a phylogenetic tree, aiming to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships within Gryllacrididae from China. Our results indicate that the genera Phryganogryllacris Karny, Capnogryllacris Karny, and Eugryllacris Karny are not monophyletic. Thus, we redescribe these genera, resurrect two genera (Marthogryllacris Karny stat. resurr. and Borneogryllacris Karny stat. resurr.), erect six new genera (Dracogryllacris gen. nov., Magnigryllacris gen. nov., Radigryllacris gen. nov., Sericgryllacris gen. nov., Bicornisgryllacris gen. nov., and Tenuigryllacris gen. nov.), and described two new species (Tenuigryllacris huanglianensis Li, Yin & He sp. nov. and Tenuigryllacris yingjiangensis Li, Yin & He sp. nov.). Besides, subgenus Bianigryllacris Cadena-Castañeda is a synonym of Apterolarnaca Gorochov.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141877506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae089
Bruno Halluan S Oliveira, Guarino R Colli, Laurie J Vitt, Daniel O Mesquita
Morphology is among the most important traits influencing the interaction of individual animals with their environments. Fossoriality reflects this functional association between morphology and the use of subterranean habitats and their associated environmental characteristics. Lizards in the families Gymnophthalmidae and Alopoglossidae are model organisms to examine the interplay between morphology and fossoriality because great morphological diversity exists among species, including varying degrees of body elongation and limb reduction, and they have a wide geographical distribution in the Neotropical region. We analysed the morphology of 101 microteiid species and created an index to evaluate their degree of fossoriality. From this index, we traced the evolution of fossoriality in these lizards and assessed its primary environmental correlates. We found that fossoriality evolved independently in several lineages, mainly associated with high temperature and low precipitation, characteristic of more arid and sandy environments.
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Pub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae081
Justus Hagemann, Luis Victoria Nogales, Michael Hofreiter, Patrick Arnold
Sengis (Macroscelidea) are members of the Afroinsectivora, a group of mammals belonging to the supercohort Afrotheria. Sengis’ low population densities and their distribution, which includes politically unstable regions with ongoing armed conflicts, hinder contemporary sampling of comprehensive datasets. We overcome this obstacle for the species Petrodromus tetradactylus, one of the most widely distributed sengi species, by utilizing 44 historical museum samples from multiple natural history museums. These historical samples were combined with newly generated or published data of 11 modern samples, thus creating a dataset of 55 P. tetradactylus individuals covering most of the species’ distribution. Phylogenetic reconstruction with 11 nuclear loci in conjunction with mostly complete mitochondrial genomes reveals multiple deeply divergent and formerly unknown lineages within this monotypic genus, highlighting the need for a taxonomic revision. Furthermore, we can show that the assumed allopatric distribution of P. tetradactylus in Central Africa most likely represents a sampling artifact. Biogeographic character mapping indicates that the African forest system and its dynamics through climate fluctuations shaped the evolutionary and biogeographic history of this taxon. We show that lineages within Petrodromus that were able to adapt to dryer woodland ecosystems are much more widely distributed than lineages restricted to moist forest systems. The evolution and radiation of the four-toed sengi (P. tetradactylus) mirrors the patterns of its distant relative, the giant sengis (Rhynchocyon) in both ecotype variation and overall distribution, implying a significant influence of climate and landscape features in shaping diversification.
{"title":"Four-toed sengi (Petrodromus tetradactylus, Afrotheria, Mammalia) museomics reveals a crucial role of East African forests in macroscelidean diversification","authors":"Justus Hagemann, Luis Victoria Nogales, Michael Hofreiter, Patrick Arnold","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae081","url":null,"abstract":"Sengis (Macroscelidea) are members of the Afroinsectivora, a group of mammals belonging to the supercohort Afrotheria. Sengis’ low population densities and their distribution, which includes politically unstable regions with ongoing armed conflicts, hinder contemporary sampling of comprehensive datasets. We overcome this obstacle for the species Petrodromus tetradactylus, one of the most widely distributed sengi species, by utilizing 44 historical museum samples from multiple natural history museums. These historical samples were combined with newly generated or published data of 11 modern samples, thus creating a dataset of 55 P. tetradactylus individuals covering most of the species’ distribution. Phylogenetic reconstruction with 11 nuclear loci in conjunction with mostly complete mitochondrial genomes reveals multiple deeply divergent and formerly unknown lineages within this monotypic genus, highlighting the need for a taxonomic revision. Furthermore, we can show that the assumed allopatric distribution of P. tetradactylus in Central Africa most likely represents a sampling artifact. Biogeographic character mapping indicates that the African forest system and its dynamics through climate fluctuations shaped the evolutionary and biogeographic history of this taxon. We show that lineages within Petrodromus that were able to adapt to dryer woodland ecosystems are much more widely distributed than lineages restricted to moist forest systems. The evolution and radiation of the four-toed sengi (P. tetradactylus) mirrors the patterns of its distant relative, the giant sengis (Rhynchocyon) in both ecotype variation and overall distribution, implying a significant influence of climate and landscape features in shaping diversification.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141725939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae088
Alireza Asem, Gonzalo Gajardo, D Christopher Rogers, Patrick Sorgeloos
Species are fundamental units of nature that need proper identification in order to assess and conserve biodiversity. Artemia is a model crustacean for population analysis and comparison in regionally endemic sexual species and parthenogenetic lineages distributed in hypersaline lakes, lagoons, and solar saltworks scattered in arid and semi-arid areas worldwide. The taxonomy of two American Artemia species has been controversial: Artemia monicaVerrill, 1869, adapted to the carbonate-rich conditions of Mono Lake (CA, USA), and Artemia franciscanaKellogg, 1906, a species broadly distributed in the Americas. The former species has been studied little, despite being listed as threatened in the IUCN Red List. In contrast, the latter has been studied extensively, is broadly distributed in the Americas, and has become established as a non-native invasive species in Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia. Given the need to conserve A. monica, the intraspecific diversity of invasive A. franciscana, and the local species in areas invaded by this species, we reconsider their biodiversity and taxonomic status currently threatened by synonymization. In conclusion, A. monica and A. franciscana should be treated as two separate species that are isolated both ecologically and reproductively.
物种是自然界的基本单位，需要正确识别，以评估和保护生物多样性。Artemia是一种示范性甲壳动物，可用于分析和比较分布在世界各地干旱和半干旱地区的高盐湖、泻湖和晒盐场中的区域特有有性物种和孤雌生殖品系。两个美洲蒿属物种的分类一直存在争议：Artemia monicaVerrill，1869 年，适应于莫诺湖（美国加利福尼亚州）富含碳酸盐的环境；Artemia franciscanaKellogg，1906 年，广泛分布于美洲。尽管前者已被世界自然保护联盟红色名录列为濒危物种，但对其研究甚少。相比之下，后者已被广泛研究，广泛分布于美洲，并已在欧洲、亚洲、非洲和澳大利亚成为非本地入侵物种。鉴于保护 A. monica 的需要、入侵 A. franciscana 的种内多样性以及该物种入侵地区的当地物种，我们重新考虑了它们的生物多样性和分类地位，目前它们正受到同义化的威胁。总之，A. monica 和 A. franciscana 应被视为两个独立的物种，它们在生态和繁殖上都是孤立的。
{"title":"The taxonomic status of Artemia monica (Crustacea: Anostraca)","authors":"Alireza Asem, Gonzalo Gajardo, D Christopher Rogers, Patrick Sorgeloos","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae088","url":null,"abstract":"Species are fundamental units of nature that need proper identification in order to assess and conserve biodiversity. Artemia is a model crustacean for population analysis and comparison in regionally endemic sexual species and parthenogenetic lineages distributed in hypersaline lakes, lagoons, and solar saltworks scattered in arid and semi-arid areas worldwide. The taxonomy of two American Artemia species has been controversial: Artemia monicaVerrill, 1869, adapted to the carbonate-rich conditions of Mono Lake (CA, USA), and Artemia franciscanaKellogg, 1906, a species broadly distributed in the Americas. The former species has been studied little, despite being listed as threatened in the IUCN Red List. In contrast, the latter has been studied extensively, is broadly distributed in the Americas, and has become established as a non-native invasive species in Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia. Given the need to conserve A. monica, the intraspecific diversity of invasive A. franciscana, and the local species in areas invaded by this species, we reconsider their biodiversity and taxonomic status currently threatened by synonymization. In conclusion, A. monica and A. franciscana should be treated as two separate species that are isolated both ecologically and reproductively.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141631549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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