Pub Date : 2024-09-30DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae119
Wiesław Krzemiński, Iwona Kania-Kłosok, Antonio Arillo, Katarzyna Kopeć, Daubian Santos, Agnieszka Soszyńska
This study presents novel findings that expand our understanding of the evolutionary history and diversity of the Limoniidae subfamily Limnophilinae, with a specific focus on the relict genus Chilelimnophila. The family Limoniidae is well documented in the fossil record, with many species considered relicts in the modern fauna. Our study is based on the discovery of the first fossil specimens of Chilelimnophila in both Cretaceous Spanish and Kachin amber. The new materials have allowed the establishment of a new subgenus Chilelimnophila (Ribeironia) Krzemiński, Kania-Kłosok et Arillo, subgen. nov. and three new species: Chilelimnophila (Ribeironia) amorimi Krzemiński, Kania-Kłosok et Arillo, sp. nov., Chilelimnophila (Chilelimnophila) wangi Krzemiński, Kania-Kłosok et Arillo, sp. nov., and Chilelimnophila (Chilelimnophila) parva Krzemiński, Kania-Kłosok et Arillo, sp. nov. This research also significantly extends the stratigraphic range of the genus, providing evidence of its existence dating back to the Early Cretaceous period. The morphology and phylogenetic analysis of Chilelimnophila and related genera within the Limoniidae subfamily Limnophilinae provide valuable insights into the evolutionary relationships of these organisms. Furthermore, our research highlights the unique environmental conditions of Cretaceous Spanish and Kachin amber formations, which differ significantly from the current habitat of these organisms.
本研究提出了新的发现，拓展了我们对石灰华亚科（Limoniidae subfamily Limnophilinae）进化史和多样性的认识，特别关注了孑遗属Chilelimnophila。在化石记录中，蝶形目蝶形亚科有很多物种被认为是现代动物群中的孑遗种。我们的研究是基于在白垩纪西班牙琥珀和克钦琥珀中发现的第一批蝶形目化石标本。通过这些新材料，我们建立了一个新的亚属 Chilelimnophila (Ribeironia) Krzemiński, Kania-Kłosok et Arillo, subgen：Chilelimnophila (Ribeironia) amorimi Krzemiński, Kania-Kłosok et Arillo, sp. nov.、Chilelimnophila (Chilelimnophila) wangi Krzemiński, Kania-Kłosok et Arillo, sp. nov.和Chilelimnophila (Chilelimnophila) parva Krzemiński, Kania-Kłosok et Arillo, sp. nov.这项研究还大大扩展了该属的地层范围，提供了该属早在早白垩世时期就已存在的证据。对蝶形目蝶形亚科（Limnophilinae）中的智利蝶形亚科（Chilelimnophila）及相关属的形态和系统发育分析，为了解这些生物的进化关系提供了宝贵的资料。此外，我们的研究还强调了白垩纪西班牙和克钦琥珀地层的独特环境条件，这些地层与这些生物目前的栖息地有很大不同。
{"title":"The evolutionary history and biogeographical distribution of the Mesozoic relic genus Chilelimnophila (Diptera, Limoniidae)","authors":"Wiesław Krzemiński, Iwona Kania-Kłosok, Antonio Arillo, Katarzyna Kopeć, Daubian Santos, Agnieszka Soszyńska","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae119","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents novel findings that expand our understanding of the evolutionary history and diversity of the Limoniidae subfamily Limnophilinae, with a specific focus on the relict genus Chilelimnophila. The family Limoniidae is well documented in the fossil record, with many species considered relicts in the modern fauna. Our study is based on the discovery of the first fossil specimens of Chilelimnophila in both Cretaceous Spanish and Kachin amber. The new materials have allowed the establishment of a new subgenus Chilelimnophila (Ribeironia) Krzemiński, Kania-Kłosok et Arillo, subgen. nov. and three new species: Chilelimnophila (Ribeironia) amorimi Krzemiński, Kania-Kłosok et Arillo, sp. nov., Chilelimnophila (Chilelimnophila) wangi Krzemiński, Kania-Kłosok et Arillo, sp. nov., and Chilelimnophila (Chilelimnophila) parva Krzemiński, Kania-Kłosok et Arillo, sp. nov. This research also significantly extends the stratigraphic range of the genus, providing evidence of its existence dating back to the Early Cretaceous period. The morphology and phylogenetic analysis of Chilelimnophila and related genera within the Limoniidae subfamily Limnophilinae provide valuable insights into the evolutionary relationships of these organisms. Furthermore, our research highlights the unique environmental conditions of Cretaceous Spanish and Kachin amber formations, which differ significantly from the current habitat of these organisms.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142360101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-30DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae118
Leonel I Pacheco, Valeria Teso, Guido Pastorino
In this study, we conduct a morphological integrative analysis, using traditional techniques and micro-computed tomography imaging, on Septibranchia species. Specimens deposited in malacological collections and samples collected aboard the research vessels Puerto Deseado and Austral off Mar del Plata (~36°S), San Jorge Gulf (~46°), and Marine Protected Area Namuncurá/Burdwood Bank area (~54°S), at depths ranging from 200 to 3000 m, are the subjects of this study. Seven species were identified, including Cardiomya cleryana (d’Orbigny, 1846), Cardiomya knudseni (Allen & Morgan, 1981), Lyonsiella cf. fragilis Allen & Turner, 1974, and Cetoconcha spinulosa (Thiele, 1912), previously found in the study area. Cardiomya fragilissima (E. A. Smith, 1885), an Antarctic/sub-Antarctic species, extends its distribution up to 36°S. Two new species, Cetoconcha gigas sp. nov. and Lyonsiella tentaculata sp. nov., are described. A lectotype is designated for Pholadomya adelaidis Hedley, 1916 and a neotype for Sphenia cleryana d’Orbigny, 1846. A detailed description of the morphological characters of each species and genus, along with insights into their geographical and bathymetric distribution, are provided. The micro-computed tomography analysis of Cardiomya cleryana, Cardiomya fragilissima, and Cetoconcha spinulosa contributed to a detailed anatomical inspection and revealed the presence of muscle bundles associated with the anterior portion of the visceral mass in the scanned specimens.
{"title":"Use of traditional tools and micro-computed tomography for the taxonomy of carnivorous bivalves from the deep waters of Southwestern Atlantic","authors":"Leonel I Pacheco, Valeria Teso, Guido Pastorino","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae118","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we conduct a morphological integrative analysis, using traditional techniques and micro-computed tomography imaging, on Septibranchia species. Specimens deposited in malacological collections and samples collected aboard the research vessels Puerto Deseado and Austral off Mar del Plata (~36°S), San Jorge Gulf (~46°), and Marine Protected Area Namuncurá/Burdwood Bank area (~54°S), at depths ranging from 200 to 3000 m, are the subjects of this study. Seven species were identified, including Cardiomya cleryana (d’Orbigny, 1846), Cardiomya knudseni (Allen & Morgan, 1981), Lyonsiella cf. fragilis Allen & Turner, 1974, and Cetoconcha spinulosa (Thiele, 1912), previously found in the study area. Cardiomya fragilissima (E. A. Smith, 1885), an Antarctic/sub-Antarctic species, extends its distribution up to 36°S. Two new species, Cetoconcha gigas sp. nov. and Lyonsiella tentaculata sp. nov., are described. A lectotype is designated for Pholadomya adelaidis Hedley, 1916 and a neotype for Sphenia cleryana d’Orbigny, 1846. A detailed description of the morphological characters of each species and genus, along with insights into their geographical and bathymetric distribution, are provided. The micro-computed tomography analysis of Cardiomya cleryana, Cardiomya fragilissima, and Cetoconcha spinulosa contributed to a detailed anatomical inspection and revealed the presence of muscle bundles associated with the anterior portion of the visceral mass in the scanned specimens.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142360100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-29DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae107
Bernard J Jordaan, Louis H du Preez, Edward C Netherlands
Species of Trypanosoma infecting reptiles are poorly understood and understudied. The study of trypanosomes infecting turtles could lead to a greater understanding of the genus and its evolutionary history. The present study re-evaluates and classifies two previously described species of Trypanosoma in freshwater pelomedusid turtles, Trypanosoma (Haematomonas) neitzi and Trypanosoma (Haematomonas) sheppardi, and characterizes a new species, Trypanosoma (Haematomonas) pienaari, using morphological and molecular data. This study provides the first morphological descriptions and molecular data of South African turtle trypanosomes, setting a base for future research of the reptile trypanosomes of Africa.
{"title":"Revisiting the diversity and phylogenetic relationships of trypanosomes (Trypanosoma) infecting pelomedusid (Pelomedusidae) freshwater turtles in Southern Africa","authors":"Bernard J Jordaan, Louis H du Preez, Edward C Netherlands","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae107","url":null,"abstract":"Species of Trypanosoma infecting reptiles are poorly understood and understudied. The study of trypanosomes infecting turtles could lead to a greater understanding of the genus and its evolutionary history. The present study re-evaluates and classifies two previously described species of Trypanosoma in freshwater pelomedusid turtles, Trypanosoma (Haematomonas) neitzi and Trypanosoma (Haematomonas) sheppardi, and characterizes a new species, Trypanosoma (Haematomonas) pienaari, using morphological and molecular data. This study provides the first morphological descriptions and molecular data of South African turtle trypanosomes, setting a base for future research of the reptile trypanosomes of Africa.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142330276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae117
Le-Jia Zhang, Samuel Chagas Bernardes, Kaibayer Meng, Thomas von Rintelen
China is a hotspot for species’ discovery nowadays and harbours some of the most threatened environments in the world due to human activities. Here we describe a new remarkable gastropod species from an ancient freshwater lake in Yunnan, south-west China, Squamapex taiji gen. et sp. nov. within a new monospecific family of Truncatelloidea, Squamapicidae fam. nov.. The highly ornamented protoconch of Squamapicidae, with a microstructure distinct from that of the teleoconch, has rarely been found in true freshwater gastropods, being previously mostly known from marine or migratory gastropods with veliger larvae. The most complete family-level and first-dated phylogeny of Truncatelloidea, the largest and most diverse superfamily within Mollusca, based on two mitochondrial and three nuclear markers, shows that Squamapicidae belong to a distinct ancient lineage with Cretaceous origin. Its sister-group, unique protoconch, and distribution suggest a Tethys Ocean origin of this new family.
{"title":"A new family of freshwater snails with Cretaceous origin from Yunnan, China","authors":"Le-Jia Zhang, Samuel Chagas Bernardes, Kaibayer Meng, Thomas von Rintelen","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae117","url":null,"abstract":"China is a hotspot for species’ discovery nowadays and harbours some of the most threatened environments in the world due to human activities. Here we describe a new remarkable gastropod species from an ancient freshwater lake in Yunnan, south-west China, Squamapex taiji gen. et sp. nov. within a new monospecific family of Truncatelloidea, Squamapicidae fam. nov.. The highly ornamented protoconch of Squamapicidae, with a microstructure distinct from that of the teleoconch, has rarely been found in true freshwater gastropods, being previously mostly known from marine or migratory gastropods with veliger larvae. The most complete family-level and first-dated phylogeny of Truncatelloidea, the largest and most diverse superfamily within Mollusca, based on two mitochondrial and three nuclear markers, shows that Squamapicidae belong to a distinct ancient lineage with Cretaceous origin. Its sister-group, unique protoconch, and distribution suggest a Tethys Ocean origin of this new family.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142321497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae108
Andrew G Cannizzaro, David J Berg
Isolation of desert springs often leads to the evolution of unique biodiversity. We investigated the taxonomy and evolutionary relationships of members of the Gammarus pecos complex, an assemblage of narrowly endemic amphipod species in the Chihuahuan Desert of the USA. Morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses, including newly obtained COI sequences from the now-extinct type population of Gammarus desperatus, reveal the presence of two undescribed species and lead to redescription of G. desperatus. Gammarus acerbatus sp. nov. is split from G. desperatus and Gammarus balmorhea sp. nov. is split from G. hyalelloides. Each of these species is endemic to a single spring system. Speciation in the Gammarus pecos complex was likely promoted by the lineage’s ties to marine/riverine systems and geological events during the Oligocene/Miocene. The additional diversity discovered within the complex highlights the effects of both habitat and evolutionary history on the processes of speciation at local and regional spatial scales. The entire complex of at least six species is imperilled due to the narrow ranges occupied by each species and human water-use that threatens the existence of their spring habitats.
沙漠泉水的隔离往往会导致独特生物多样性的进化。我们研究了美国奇瓦瓦沙漠狭义特有片脚类动物群（Gammarus pecos complex）成员的分类和进化关系。通过形态学和分子系统学分析，包括新近从已经灭绝的绝命虾（Gammarus desperatus）模式种群中获得的 COI 序列，发现了两个未被描述的物种，并对绝命虾（G. desperatus）进行了重新描述。Gammarus acerbatus sp. nov. 从 G. desperatus 中分离出来，Gammarus balmorhea sp. nov. 从 G. hyalelloides 中分离出来。这些物种均为单一泉系的特有种。佩科斯蛤马复合体的物种分化很可能是由于该品系与海洋/河流系统的联系以及渐新世/中新世期间的地质事件所促成的。在该复合体中发现的额外多样性突出表明了栖息地和进化史对局部和区域空间尺度上物种演化过程的影响。整个复合生态系统至少有六个物种濒临灭绝，原因是每个物种占据的范围都很狭窄，而且人类对水的使用威胁到它们泉水栖息地的生存。
{"title":"Molecular phylogenetic analyses reveal a radiation of freshwater Gammarus (Amphipoda: Gammaridae) in the northern Chihuahuan Desert","authors":"Andrew G Cannizzaro, David J Berg","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae108","url":null,"abstract":"Isolation of desert springs often leads to the evolution of unique biodiversity. We investigated the taxonomy and evolutionary relationships of members of the Gammarus pecos complex, an assemblage of narrowly endemic amphipod species in the Chihuahuan Desert of the USA. Morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses, including newly obtained COI sequences from the now-extinct type population of Gammarus desperatus, reveal the presence of two undescribed species and lead to redescription of G. desperatus. Gammarus acerbatus sp. nov. is split from G. desperatus and Gammarus balmorhea sp. nov. is split from G. hyalelloides. Each of these species is endemic to a single spring system. Speciation in the Gammarus pecos complex was likely promoted by the lineage’s ties to marine/riverine systems and geological events during the Oligocene/Miocene. The additional diversity discovered within the complex highlights the effects of both habitat and evolutionary history on the processes of speciation at local and regional spatial scales. The entire complex of at least six species is imperilled due to the narrow ranges occupied by each species and human water-use that threatens the existence of their spring habitats.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142321496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-15DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae085
Tomasz Sulej
Unexpectedly abundant remains of herbivorous therapsids in the Late Triassic strata of southern Poland have significantly supplemented knowledge of their evolution. The skeletal morphology of the Late Norian (or Rhaetian) dicynodont Lisowicia bojani supports its close relationship to the Carnian Woznikella, both known from the Polish part of the Germanic Basin. Three evolutionary lineages of dicynodonts—Laurasian–Gondwanan Rhadiodromus klimovi → Jachaleria candelariensis lineage, Laurasian lineage Shaanbeikannemeyeria xilougouensis → Lisowicia bojani, and the Gondwanan lineage Kannemeyeria simocephalus → Dinodontosaurus brevirostris—are distinguished based on characters of cranial and postcranial elements. In the lineages characterized by the parietal oval in cross-section and the two distinct articulations on the sternum, there is a tendency to exclude the frontal from the orbital margin and to reduce the number of sacral vertebrae. In the lineage with the parietal narrow and triangular in cross-section, the frontal forms part of the orbit margin, there is a single joint on the sternum, and there is a tendency towards flattening the skull roof. In both lineages the shoulder girdle is convergently modified, the acromion process decreased, and joints on the sternum moved posteriorly.
{"title":"Osteology and relationships of the Late Triassic giant dicynodont Lisowicia","authors":"Tomasz Sulej","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae085","url":null,"abstract":"Unexpectedly abundant remains of herbivorous therapsids in the Late Triassic strata of southern Poland have significantly supplemented knowledge of their evolution. The skeletal morphology of the Late Norian (or Rhaetian) dicynodont Lisowicia bojani supports its close relationship to the Carnian Woznikella, both known from the Polish part of the Germanic Basin. Three evolutionary lineages of dicynodonts—Laurasian–Gondwanan Rhadiodromus klimovi → Jachaleria candelariensis lineage, Laurasian lineage Shaanbeikannemeyeria xilougouensis → Lisowicia bojani, and the Gondwanan lineage Kannemeyeria simocephalus → Dinodontosaurus brevirostris—are distinguished based on characters of cranial and postcranial elements. In the lineages characterized by the parietal oval in cross-section and the two distinct articulations on the sternum, there is a tendency to exclude the frontal from the orbital margin and to reduce the number of sacral vertebrae. In the lineage with the parietal narrow and triangular in cross-section, the frontal forms part of the orbit margin, there is a single joint on the sternum, and there is a tendency towards flattening the skull roof. In both lineages the shoulder girdle is convergently modified, the acromion process decreased, and joints on the sternum moved posteriorly.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"327 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142234060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-08DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae100
Andrey Rudoy, Ling-Zeng Meng
Limnebius exhibits uniform external appearance but variable male genitalia: from differently curved rod shapes in the subgenus Bilimneus to up to seven longitudinally separated folds or appendages in Limnebius s.s.. Among nonsexual traits, two subgenera diverge only in the wing. The aedeagal complexity in Limnebius s.s. is associated with the secondary sexual structures on the abdomen and metatibia; larger body size, which forms two clusters; and male-biased sexual dimorphism. To cluster the subdivisions with phylogenetically unresolved relationships, we examined the coincidence of the traits in both sexes, based on the premise of the independent and monophyletic origin of histologically unsimilar elements. The folds and additional appendages on the median lobe, abdominal paired rows of setae, and protuberances show that the L. parvulus and L. nitidus groups have maximum aedeagal complexity in the L. parvulus and L. nitiduloides subgroups, respectively. The L. parvulus group exhibits a gradual increase in the number of elements of the aedeagi. The histology of connections of the parameres and additional appendages to the median lobe, along with that of the flagellum opening, reveal the subgroups’ relationship in the L. nitidus group, as well as a decrease in the complexity of the male genitalia in their recent branches.
Limnebius的外貌一致，但雄性生殖器多变：从Bilimneus亚属的不同弯曲杆状到Limnebius s.s.的多达七个纵向分开的皱褶或附属物。在无性性状方面，两个亚属仅在翅上存在差异。Limnebius s.s.的副翅复杂性与腹部和蹠上的第二性结构、较大的体型（形成两个群）以及雄性偏向的性二态有关。为了对系统发育关系未明的分支进行聚类，我们以组织学上不相似的元素的独立和单系起源为前提，研究了两性特征的重合性。中叶上的褶皱和额外附属物、腹部成对的刚毛列以及突起表明，L. parvulus 和 L. nitidus 亚群的雌雄瓣膜复杂性分别达到最高。L.parvulus亚群的茎瓣元素数量逐渐增加。副生殖器和中叶附加附肢的连接组织学以及鞭毛开口的组织学显示了 L. nitidus 亚群中的亚群关系，以及其最近分支中雄性生殖器复杂性的降低。
{"title":"Morphological diversification with emphasis on the structural and homology patterns of male genitalia in genus Limnebius (Leach 1815; Hydraenidae: Coleoptera)","authors":"Andrey Rudoy, Ling-Zeng Meng","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae100","url":null,"abstract":"Limnebius exhibits uniform external appearance but variable male genitalia: from differently curved rod shapes in the subgenus Bilimneus to up to seven longitudinally separated folds or appendages in Limnebius s.s.. Among nonsexual traits, two subgenera diverge only in the wing. The aedeagal complexity in Limnebius s.s. is associated with the secondary sexual structures on the abdomen and metatibia; larger body size, which forms two clusters; and male-biased sexual dimorphism. To cluster the subdivisions with phylogenetically unresolved relationships, we examined the coincidence of the traits in both sexes, based on the premise of the independent and monophyletic origin of histologically unsimilar elements. The folds and additional appendages on the median lobe, abdominal paired rows of setae, and protuberances show that the L. parvulus and L. nitidus groups have maximum aedeagal complexity in the L. parvulus and L. nitiduloides subgroups, respectively. The L. parvulus group exhibits a gradual increase in the number of elements of the aedeagi. The histology of connections of the parameres and additional appendages to the median lobe, along with that of the flagellum opening, reveal the subgroups’ relationship in the L. nitidus group, as well as a decrease in the complexity of the male genitalia in their recent branches.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142158755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-07DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae095
Hans P Püschel, Sarah L Shelley, Thomas E Williamson, Fernando A Perini, John R Wible, Stephen L Brusatte
Ever since the discovery of Macrauchenia patachonica by Charles Darwin in 1834, the affinities of litopterns—a group of extinct South American Native Ungulates (SANUs)—have been elusive. In particular, the interfamilial relationships and timing of the familial diversification within the order Litopterna have not been addressed with adequate taxon and character sampling, and modern phylogenetic methods. We address these issues using a new morphological matrix of 703 dental and mandibular characters, scored for the earliest litopterns alongside early SANUs of other orders (Astrapotheria, Notoungulata, Pyrotheria, and Xenungulata). We also included members of families that have been often included within Litopterna, such as Didolodontidae, Protolipternidae, Indaleciidae, and Notonychopidae, the last two sometimes grouped in the order Notopterna. We conducted maximum parsimony and undated and tip-dated Bayesian phylogenetic analyses. Our results indicate that (1) didolodontids, protolipternids, and kollpaniines should be considered early SANUs, but not particularly closely related to any order, (2) Indaleciidae and Notonychopidae usually form a monophyletic group (Notopterna), and (3) Litopterna is a monophyletic unit composed of four families [Adianthidae, Anisolambdidae (subfamilies Anisolambdinae and Sparnotheriodontinae), Macraucheniidae, Proterotheriidae], and tentatively the notoptern families Indaleciidae and Notonychopidae with a probable origin ~64.0 Mya in the Early Palaeocene.
{"title":"A new dentition-based phylogeny of Litopterna (Mammalia: Placentalia) and ‘archaic’ South American ungulates","authors":"Hans P Püschel, Sarah L Shelley, Thomas E Williamson, Fernando A Perini, John R Wible, Stephen L Brusatte","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae095","url":null,"abstract":"Ever since the discovery of Macrauchenia patachonica by Charles Darwin in 1834, the affinities of litopterns—a group of extinct South American Native Ungulates (SANUs)—have been elusive. In particular, the interfamilial relationships and timing of the familial diversification within the order Litopterna have not been addressed with adequate taxon and character sampling, and modern phylogenetic methods. We address these issues using a new morphological matrix of 703 dental and mandibular characters, scored for the earliest litopterns alongside early SANUs of other orders (Astrapotheria, Notoungulata, Pyrotheria, and Xenungulata). We also included members of families that have been often included within Litopterna, such as Didolodontidae, Protolipternidae, Indaleciidae, and Notonychopidae, the last two sometimes grouped in the order Notopterna. We conducted maximum parsimony and undated and tip-dated Bayesian phylogenetic analyses. Our results indicate that (1) didolodontids, protolipternids, and kollpaniines should be considered early SANUs, but not particularly closely related to any order, (2) Indaleciidae and Notonychopidae usually form a monophyletic group (Notopterna), and (3) Litopterna is a monophyletic unit composed of four families [Adianthidae, Anisolambdidae (subfamilies Anisolambdinae and Sparnotheriodontinae), Macraucheniidae, Proterotheriidae], and tentatively the notoptern families Indaleciidae and Notonychopidae with a probable origin ~64.0 Mya in the Early Palaeocene.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142152405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae101
Bruno F Melo, Rafaela P Ota, Ricardo C Benine, Fernando R Carvalho, Flavio C T Lima, George M T Mattox, Camila S Souza, Tiago C Faria, Lais Reia, Fabio F Roxo, Martha Valdez-Moreno, Thomas J Near, Claudio Oliveira
Neotropical tetras of the family Characidae form the largest and most taxonomically complex clade within the order Characiformes. Previous phylogenetic relationships concur on the recognition of four major subclades, whereas knowledge on intergeneric and interspecific relationships remains largely incomplete or nonexistent. We sampled 575 specimens of 494 species and 123 genera classified in Characidae, generated new molecular data of ultraconserved elements (UCEs), and used likelihood and Bayesian analyses. The phylogeny (1348 UCE loci: 538 472 bp) yielded clades with unprecedented resolution at species- and genus-levels, allowing us to propose a new classification of former Characidae into four families: Spintherobolidae, Stevardiidae, Characidae, and Acestrorhamphidae. The family Stevardiidae includes nine subfamilies: Landoninae, Xenurobryconinae, Glandulocaudinae, Argopleurinae, Hemibryconinae, Stevardiinae, Planaltininae, Creagrutinae, and Diapominae. The family Characidae includes five subfamilies: Aphyocharacinae, Cheirodontinae, Exodontinae, Tetragonopterinae, and Characinae. The family Acestrorhamphidae congregates 15 subfamilies: Oxybryconinae, Trochilocharacinae, Stygichthyinae, Megalamphodinae, Stichonodontinae, unnamed subfamily, Stethaprioninae, Pristellinae, Jupiabinae, Tyttobryconinae, Hyphessobryconinae, Thayeriinae, Rhoadsiinae, Grundulinae, and Acestrorhamphinae. The phylogeny resolves intergeneric relationships and supports revalidation of Myxiops, Megalamphodus, Ramirezella, Holopristis, and Astyanacinus, synonymy of Aphyodite, Genycharax, and Psellogrammus, and expansion of Cyanogaster, Makunaima, Deuterodon, Hasemania, Hemigrammus, Bario, Ctenobrycon, and Psalidodon. The phylogeny opens avenues for new systematic reviews and redefinitions of included genera.
{"title":"Phylogenomics of Characidae, a hyper-diverse Neotropical freshwater fish lineage, with a phylogenetic classification including four families (Teleostei: Characiformes)","authors":"Bruno F Melo, Rafaela P Ota, Ricardo C Benine, Fernando R Carvalho, Flavio C T Lima, George M T Mattox, Camila S Souza, Tiago C Faria, Lais Reia, Fabio F Roxo, Martha Valdez-Moreno, Thomas J Near, Claudio Oliveira","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae101","url":null,"abstract":"Neotropical tetras of the family Characidae form the largest and most taxonomically complex clade within the order Characiformes. Previous phylogenetic relationships concur on the recognition of four major subclades, whereas knowledge on intergeneric and interspecific relationships remains largely incomplete or nonexistent. We sampled 575 specimens of 494 species and 123 genera classified in Characidae, generated new molecular data of ultraconserved elements (UCEs), and used likelihood and Bayesian analyses. The phylogeny (1348 UCE loci: 538 472 bp) yielded clades with unprecedented resolution at species- and genus-levels, allowing us to propose a new classification of former Characidae into four families: Spintherobolidae, Stevardiidae, Characidae, and Acestrorhamphidae. The family Stevardiidae includes nine subfamilies: Landoninae, Xenurobryconinae, Glandulocaudinae, Argopleurinae, Hemibryconinae, Stevardiinae, Planaltininae, Creagrutinae, and Diapominae. The family Characidae includes five subfamilies: Aphyocharacinae, Cheirodontinae, Exodontinae, Tetragonopterinae, and Characinae. The family Acestrorhamphidae congregates 15 subfamilies: Oxybryconinae, Trochilocharacinae, Stygichthyinae, Megalamphodinae, Stichonodontinae, unnamed subfamily, Stethaprioninae, Pristellinae, Jupiabinae, Tyttobryconinae, Hyphessobryconinae, Thayeriinae, Rhoadsiinae, Grundulinae, and Acestrorhamphinae. The phylogeny resolves intergeneric relationships and supports revalidation of Myxiops, Megalamphodus, Ramirezella, Holopristis, and Astyanacinus, synonymy of Aphyodite, Genycharax, and Psellogrammus, and expansion of Cyanogaster, Makunaima, Deuterodon, Hasemania, Hemigrammus, Bario, Ctenobrycon, and Psalidodon. The phylogeny opens avenues for new systematic reviews and redefinitions of included genera.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142131052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-02DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae103
Nóra M Magonyi, Zoltán Fehér, Miklós Szekeres, Barna Páll-Gergely
The little-known western Eurasian taxa of the Phaedusinae (land snail family Clausiliidae) are Tertiary relicts, which are widely separated geographically from the rest of the subfamily occurring in eastern Eurasia. In order to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships of this group, we carried out molecular analyses with 11 of the 16 genera using nuclear gene sequences. Our results revealed that within the subfamily, Nothoserrulina and Pamphylica, together with Caspiophaedusa, Dobatia, Pravispira, and Serrulina, belong to a clade that is sister to that of all east Eurasian Phaedusinae except Synprosphyma. In contrast, Graecophaedusa, Laeviphaedusa, Pontophaedusella, and Serrulinella, together with Pontophaedusa, belong to paraphyletic lineages diverging between the branching point of these clades and that of the most basal Synprosphyma lineage. Laeviphaedusa and Pontophaedusella represent the earliest western Eurasian lineages, estimated to date back to the Eocene–Oligocene boundary. Comparison of our phylogeny to morphological traits of the genera identified clade-specific character states of the shells and the reproductive organs. Based on fossil records and on palaeogeographical and palaeofloristic data, we also propose a model for the geographical origin and radiation of this subfamily in Eurasia.
{"title":"The phylogeny and diversification of the western Eurasian Phaedusinae (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Clausiliidae)","authors":"Nóra M Magonyi, Zoltán Fehér, Miklós Szekeres, Barna Páll-Gergely","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae103","url":null,"abstract":"The little-known western Eurasian taxa of the Phaedusinae (land snail family Clausiliidae) are Tertiary relicts, which are widely separated geographically from the rest of the subfamily occurring in eastern Eurasia. In order to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships of this group, we carried out molecular analyses with 11 of the 16 genera using nuclear gene sequences. Our results revealed that within the subfamily, Nothoserrulina and Pamphylica, together with Caspiophaedusa, Dobatia, Pravispira, and Serrulina, belong to a clade that is sister to that of all east Eurasian Phaedusinae except Synprosphyma. In contrast, Graecophaedusa, Laeviphaedusa, Pontophaedusella, and Serrulinella, together with Pontophaedusa, belong to paraphyletic lineages diverging between the branching point of these clades and that of the most basal Synprosphyma lineage. Laeviphaedusa and Pontophaedusella represent the earliest western Eurasian lineages, estimated to date back to the Eocene–Oligocene boundary. Comparison of our phylogeny to morphological traits of the genera identified clade-specific character states of the shells and the reproductive organs. Based on fossil records and on palaeogeographical and palaeofloristic data, we also propose a model for the geographical origin and radiation of this subfamily in Eurasia.","PeriodicalId":49333,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"316 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142123710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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