The North Pacific distribution of coastal aleocharines has been explained as the result of either dispersal or vicariance. The rove beetle genus Psammostiba is a marine littoral group that occurs on the Pacific coasts of the Northern Hemisphere. We performed phylogenetic analysis of Psammostiba using molecular characters (4685 bp) to investigate their biogeographic patterns. The data were analysed using parsimony, Bayesian and maximum likelihood methods. Model‐based analyses showed the same pattern of Psammostiba species relationships, but parsimony analysis yielded different species relationships for the unresolved clade of Psammostiba. According to the reconstruction of the ancestral areas, both vicariance (two events) and dispersal (one event) have played roles in shaping its current distribution. Biogeographical analyses suggest that the common ancestor of Psammostiba occurred widely along the Pacific coasts of the Northern Hemisphere and underwent vicariance events.
{"title":"Rove beetles occurred widely along the Pacific coasts of the Northern Hemisphere: Phylogeny and biogeography of the marine littoral Psammostiba (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae)","authors":"Jeong‐Hun Song, Jong‐Keun Jung, Kee‐Jeong Ahn","doi":"10.1111/zsc.12688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12688","url":null,"abstract":"The North Pacific distribution of coastal aleocharines has been explained as the result of either dispersal or vicariance. The rove beetle genus <jats:italic>Psammostiba</jats:italic> is a marine littoral group that occurs on the Pacific coasts of the Northern Hemisphere. We performed phylogenetic analysis of <jats:italic>Psammostiba</jats:italic> using molecular characters (4685 bp) to investigate their biogeographic patterns. The data were analysed using parsimony, Bayesian and maximum likelihood methods. Model‐based analyses showed the same pattern of <jats:italic>Psammostiba</jats:italic> species relationships, but parsimony analysis yielded different species relationships for the unresolved clade of <jats:italic>Psammostiba</jats:italic>. According to the reconstruction of the ancestral areas, both vicariance (two events) and dispersal (one event) have played roles in shaping its current distribution. Biogeographical analyses suggest that the common ancestor of <jats:italic>Psammostiba</jats:italic> occurred widely along the Pacific coasts of the Northern Hemisphere and underwent vicariance events.","PeriodicalId":49334,"journal":{"name":"Zoologica Scripta","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141547553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thayse Cristine Melo Benathar, Leonardo Carreira Trevelin, Jeferson Costa Carneiro, Luis Reginaldo Ribeiro Rodrigues, Iracilda Sampaio, Patricia Caroline O'Brien, Malcolm Andrew Ferguson‐Smith, Fengtang Yangg, Cleusa Yoshiko Nagamachi, Julio César Pieczarka
Integrating different lines of evidence is currently recognized as the most robust approach to investigating taxonomic questions, particularly those concerning cryptic diversity. In recent years, different sources of evidence have pointed to new cryptic taxa for bats, with the genus Hsunycteris being an excellent study group because of its large karyotypic variability and high genetic divergence revealed by the latest taxonomic and systematic reviews. This study tests the cryptic diversity hypothesis for the Hsunycteris thomasi complex through an integrative approach using species delimitation, phylogenetic analysis, chromosome painting, and linear morphometry. Our results suggest the existence of three lineages for H. thomasi that are morphologically indistinguishable, confirming the two previously described lineages in the literature and adding a third. We argue that the paraphyly in H. thomasi, as reported by previous studies, should be treated as independent species since they have unique evolutionary histories. Finally, we demonstrate that chromosomal and molecular methods are indispensable for recognizing and confirming groups that include cryptic species or species with confusing and controversial taxonomy.
整合不同的证据目前被认为是研究分类学问题，特别是有关隐性多样性问题的最有力的方法。近年来，不同来源的证据都指出了蝙蝠的新隐性类群，其中蝙蝠属（Hsunycteris）是一个极好的研究类群，因为最新的分类学和系统学综述揭示了该类群较大的核型变异性和较高的遗传分化。本研究通过物种划分、系统进化分析、染色体绘制和线性形态测量等综合方法，检验了Hsunycteris thomasi复合体的隐性多样性假说。我们的研究结果表明，H. thomasi 存在三个形态上无法区分的品系，证实了之前文献中描述的两个品系，并增加了第三个品系。我们认为，由于 H. thomasi 具有独特的进化历史，因此应将其视为独立的物种。最后，我们证明了染色体和分子方法对于识别和确认包括隐蔽物种或分类混乱且有争议的物种的类群是不可或缺的。
{"title":"A case of cryptic diversity in the bat Hsunycteris thomasi (Lonchophyllinae, Chiroptera): New insights into unrecognized species","authors":"Thayse Cristine Melo Benathar, Leonardo Carreira Trevelin, Jeferson Costa Carneiro, Luis Reginaldo Ribeiro Rodrigues, Iracilda Sampaio, Patricia Caroline O'Brien, Malcolm Andrew Ferguson‐Smith, Fengtang Yangg, Cleusa Yoshiko Nagamachi, Julio César Pieczarka","doi":"10.1111/zsc.12682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12682","url":null,"abstract":"Integrating different lines of evidence is currently recognized as the most robust approach to investigating taxonomic questions, particularly those concerning cryptic diversity. In recent years, different sources of evidence have pointed to new cryptic taxa for bats, with the genus <jats:italic>Hsunycteris</jats:italic> being an excellent study group because of its large karyotypic variability and high genetic divergence revealed by the latest taxonomic and systematic reviews. This study tests the cryptic diversity hypothesis for the <jats:italic>Hsunycteris thomasi</jats:italic> complex through an integrative approach using species delimitation, phylogenetic analysis, chromosome painting, and linear morphometry. Our results suggest the existence of three lineages for <jats:italic>H. thomasi</jats:italic> that are morphologically indistinguishable, confirming the two previously described lineages in the literature and adding a third. We argue that the paraphyly in <jats:italic>H. thomasi</jats:italic>, as reported by previous studies, should be treated as independent species since they have unique evolutionary histories. Finally, we demonstrate that chromosomal and molecular methods are indispensable for recognizing and confirming groups that include cryptic species or species with confusing and controversial taxonomy.","PeriodicalId":49334,"journal":{"name":"Zoologica Scripta","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141516848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Victor H. S. Mollmann, Marlise L. Bartholomei‐Santos, Gracieli Fernandes, Gislaine Puli, Emerson C. Mossolin, Marcelo M. Dalosto, Sandro Santos
Aegla is a genus of freshwater anomuran crabs encompassing 94 described species occurring in meridional South America. Brazil harbours the greatest diversity of species, mainly in its southern region, which becomes a priority area for Aegla conservation due to high species richness and phylogenetic diversity, elevated endemism and threats to the Atlantic Forest. Here, we assessed Aegla richness and distribution in this priority area and tested the hypothesis of crypticism in the region's species. Sampling sites were distributed inside and in the surroundings of five protected areas, covering the major distribution range of several species described for southern Brazil. We applied three species delimitation methods to COI mitochondrial gene data, coupled with phylogenetic and morphological analyses. By integrating species delimitation based on the COI data and traditional taxonomy, we uncovered a high proportion of hidden diversity among Aegla in our study area and identified ten known species besides impressive 17 new putative species. Of these, eight are possible new taxonomic units that do not conform to any known species, and nine are divided into three cryptic groups: Aegla jarai complex, Aegla franciscana complex and Aegla camargoi complex. Most of these species have a narrow spatial distribution, making them highly vulnerable to habitat degradation. Despite the real richness of the genus still being largely unknown, the high diversity revealed here makes our study area the richest known region regarding the number of Aegla species within its distribution, making this area even more worthy for conservation efforts.
Aegla是淡水无尾类蟹属，共有94个已描述的物种，分布于南美洲中部。巴西拥有最丰富的物种多样性，主要分布在其南部地区，由于物种丰富度和系统发育多样性高、地方特有性高以及大西洋森林面临的威胁，该地区成为保护Aegla的重点地区。在此，我们评估了这一重点地区的Aegla物种丰富度和分布情况，并检验了该地区物种隐匿性的假设。取样点分布在五个保护区内部和周边地区，涵盖了巴西南部多个物种的主要分布范围。我们对 COI 线粒体基因数据采用了三种物种划分方法，并进行了系统发育和形态分析。通过将基于 COI 数据的物种划分与传统分类学相结合，我们发现了研究区域内 Aegla 的高比例隐藏多样性，并确定了 10 个已知物种以及令人印象深刻的 17 个推定新物种。其中，8 个可能是新的分类单元，与任何已知物种都不一致，9 个分为 3 个隐性类群：Aegla jarai复合群、Aegla franciscana复合群和Aegla camargoi复合群。这些物种大多空间分布狭窄，极易受到栖息地退化的影响。尽管该属物种的真正丰富程度在很大程度上仍不为人所知，但这里揭示的高度多样性使我们的研究区域成为目前已知Aegla物种分布最丰富的地区，使该地区更值得保护。
{"title":"Hidden diversity of Aegla (Decapoda, Anomura) in a priority area for conservation","authors":"Victor H. S. Mollmann, Marlise L. Bartholomei‐Santos, Gracieli Fernandes, Gislaine Puli, Emerson C. Mossolin, Marcelo M. Dalosto, Sandro Santos","doi":"10.1111/zsc.12686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12686","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:italic>Aegla</jats:italic> is a genus of freshwater anomuran crabs encompassing 94 described species occurring in meridional South America. Brazil harbours the greatest diversity of species, mainly in its southern region, which becomes a priority area for <jats:italic>Aegla</jats:italic> conservation due to high species richness and phylogenetic diversity, elevated endemism and threats to the Atlantic Forest. Here, we assessed <jats:italic>Aegla</jats:italic> richness and distribution in this priority area and tested the hypothesis of crypticism in the region's species. Sampling sites were distributed inside and in the surroundings of five protected areas, covering the major distribution range of several species described for southern Brazil. <jats:italic>We applied three species</jats:italic> delimitation methods to <jats:italic>COI</jats:italic> mitochondrial gene data, coupled with phylogenetic and morphological analyses. By integrating species delimitation based on the <jats:italic>COI</jats:italic> data and traditional taxonomy, we uncovered a high proportion of hidden diversity among <jats:italic>Aegla</jats:italic> in our study area and identified ten known species besides impressive 17 new putative species. Of these, eight are possible new taxonomic units that do not conform to any known species, and nine are divided into three cryptic groups: <jats:italic>Aegla jarai</jats:italic> complex, <jats:italic>Aegla franciscana</jats:italic> complex and <jats:italic>Aegla camargoi</jats:italic> complex. Most of these species have a narrow spatial distribution, making them highly vulnerable to habitat degradation. Despite the real richness of the genus still being largely unknown, the high diversity revealed here makes our study area the richest known region regarding the number of <jats:italic>Aegla</jats:italic> species within its distribution, making this area even more worthy for conservation efforts.","PeriodicalId":49334,"journal":{"name":"Zoologica Scripta","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141516847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexandra Saranchina, Andrei Mutin, Ekaterina Govorukhina, Yaroslav Rzhechitskiy, Anton Gurkov, Maxim Timofeyev, Polina Drozdova
Baikal amphipods are one of the most unique freshwater species flocks of over 350 morphological species and subspecies playing multiple ecological roles in this ancient lake. However, molecular phylogeny studies accumulate evidence that this number is underestimated. Previously, we showed that an abundant littoral species Eulimnogammarus verrucosus comprised at least three genetic lineages: southern (S), western (W), and eastern (E), inhabiting corresponding parts of Baikal shore. The Angara River is the only outflow of the lake and is inhabited by amphipods originating from Baikal, which were previously analysed only morphologically. The river has parts with strong current or closed bays as opposed to sea‐like conditions of Lake Baikal, which raises the question of which species were able to adapt here. Here we studied the phylogeny of E. verrucosus from the Angara River, which could be reached by two lineages, S and W. We analysed 17 sites from 0.6 to 650 km from the outflow. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 18S rRNA analysis showed that the sites closest to Baikal were inhabited by the S and W lineages sympatrically. The other sites were inhabited by the S lineage at both banks and also by the novel A (Angara) lineage. The A lineage was the first to split up from the last common ancestor of all E. verrucosus. Our data confirm the importance of considering cryptic diversity in ecological monitoring, and in order to simplify the identification of the genetic lineage, we developed a web‐app speCOIdent.
贝加尔湖片脚类动物是最独特的淡水物种群之一，有 350 多个形态物种和亚种，在这个古老的湖泊中发挥着多种生态作用。然而，分子系统学研究积累的证据表明，这一数字被低估了。此前，我们研究发现，贝加尔湖畔丰富的沿岸物种Eulimnogammarus verrucosus至少包括三个遗传系：南部（S）、西部（W）和东部（E），栖息在贝加尔湖畔的相应区域。安加拉河是贝加尔湖唯一的外流河，河中栖息着来自贝加尔湖的片脚类动物，以前只对其进行过形态分析。与贝加尔湖类似大海的条件不同，安加拉河有部分河段水流湍急或河湾封闭，这就提出了哪些物种能够适应这里的问题。在此，我们研究了安加拉河中蚯蚓的系统发育情况，安加拉河可由 S 和 W 两条支系到达。细胞色素 c 氧化酶亚单位 I（COI）和 18S rRNA 分析表明，最靠近贝加尔湖的地点由 S 和 W 两系共栖。其他地点由两岸的 S 系和新的 A（安加拉）系居住。A 系是第一个从所有 E. verrucosus 的最后一个共同祖先分裂出来的。我们的数据证实了在生态监测中考虑隐性多样性的重要性，为了简化遗传系的识别，我们开发了一个网络应用程序 speCOIdent。
{"title":"Genetic diversity in a Baikal species complex Eulimnogammarus verrucosus (Amphipoda: Gammaroidea) in the Angara River, the only outflow of Lake Baikal","authors":"Alexandra Saranchina, Andrei Mutin, Ekaterina Govorukhina, Yaroslav Rzhechitskiy, Anton Gurkov, Maxim Timofeyev, Polina Drozdova","doi":"10.1111/zsc.12681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12681","url":null,"abstract":"Baikal amphipods are one of the most unique freshwater species flocks of over 350 morphological species and subspecies playing multiple ecological roles in this ancient lake. However, molecular phylogeny studies accumulate evidence that this number is underestimated. Previously, we showed that an abundant littoral species <jats:italic>Eulimnogammarus verrucosus</jats:italic> comprised at least three genetic lineages: southern (S), western (W), and eastern (E), inhabiting corresponding parts of Baikal shore. The Angara River is the only outflow of the lake and is inhabited by amphipods originating from Baikal, which were previously analysed only morphologically. The river has parts with strong current or closed bays as opposed to sea‐like conditions of Lake Baikal, which raises the question of which species were able to adapt here. Here we studied the phylogeny of <jats:italic>E. verrucosus</jats:italic> from the Angara River, which could be reached by two lineages, S and W. We analysed 17 sites from 0.6 to 650 km from the outflow. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 18S rRNA analysis showed that the sites closest to Baikal were inhabited by the S and W lineages sympatrically. The other sites were inhabited by the S lineage at both banks and also by the novel A (Angara) lineage. The A lineage was the first to split up from the last common ancestor of all <jats:italic>E. verrucosus</jats:italic>. Our data confirm the importance of considering cryptic diversity in ecological monitoring, and in order to simplify the identification of the genetic lineage, we developed a web‐app speCOIdent.","PeriodicalId":49334,"journal":{"name":"Zoologica Scripta","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141503197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Molecular markers for tracing animal sample origins and compositions are critical for applications such as parasite detection, contamination screening, and sample authentication. Among these, microRNAs have emerged as promising candidates due to their deep conservation, near‐hierarchical evolution, and stability. I here review the suitability of microRNAs as taxonomic and also phylogenetic markers and show how careful annotation efforts and the establishment of the curated microRNA gene database MirGeneDB and tools like MirMachine have revitalized microRNA research. These advancements enable accurate phylogenetic and taxonomic studies, highlighting microRNAs' potential in resolving long‐standing questions in animal relationships and extending to applications in ancient DNA and environmental RNA analysis. Future research must focus on expanding microRNA complements across all Metazoa and further improving annotation methodologies.
{"title":"A renaissance of microRNAs as taxonomic and phylogenetic markers in animals","authors":"Bastian Fromm","doi":"10.1111/zsc.12684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12684","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular markers for tracing animal sample origins and compositions are critical for applications such as parasite detection, contamination screening, and sample authentication. Among these, microRNAs have emerged as promising candidates due to their deep conservation, near‐hierarchical evolution, and stability. I here review the suitability of microRNAs as taxonomic and also phylogenetic markers and show how careful annotation efforts and the establishment of the curated microRNA gene database MirGeneDB and tools like MirMachine have revitalized microRNA research. These advancements enable accurate phylogenetic and taxonomic studies, highlighting microRNAs' potential in resolving long‐standing questions in animal relationships and extending to applications in ancient DNA and environmental RNA analysis. Future research must focus on expanding microRNA complements across all Metazoa and further improving annotation methodologies.","PeriodicalId":49334,"journal":{"name":"Zoologica Scripta","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141503198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luqman Hakim Ruzman, Jamsari Amirul Firdaus Jamaluddin, Abdullah Halim Muhammad‐Rasul, Tedjo Sukmono, Md. Zain Khaironizam, Sébastien Lavoué
The taxonomy of the freshwater featherback fish genus Chitala (Osteoglossomorpha: Notopteridae) remains unsettled because delimiting and naming Chitala species based solely on morphology led to different hypotheses. In this study, we aim to determine the number and identity of Chitala species present in Peninsular Malaysia by employing an integrative taxonomic approach that combines morphology and two mitochondrial markers: the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochrome b genes. A total of 60 specimens of Chitala were collected throughout Peninsular Malaysia. Initially, all specimens were sorted into three distinct categories based on their body marking patterns. A molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed that each of these groups was monophyletic, and an automated species partition method further recognized them as distinct species. These results support the presence of three Chitala species in Peninsular Malaysia, even though a multivariate morphometric analysis failed to fully differentiate each of these three species. Comparison with original species descriptions and genetic data from an additional 70 Chitala specimens from neighbouring regions allowed us to name these species as Chitala lopis, Chitala borneensis, and Chitala ornata. We also showed the presence of two undescribed species in Indonesia.
{"title":"Integrative taxonomy of the featherback fish genus Chitala (Osteoglossomorpha: Notopteridae) in Peninsular Malaysia","authors":"Luqman Hakim Ruzman, Jamsari Amirul Firdaus Jamaluddin, Abdullah Halim Muhammad‐Rasul, Tedjo Sukmono, Md. Zain Khaironizam, Sébastien Lavoué","doi":"10.1111/zsc.12678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12678","url":null,"abstract":"The taxonomy of the freshwater featherback fish genus <jats:italic>Chitala</jats:italic> (Osteoglossomorpha: Notopteridae) remains unsettled because delimiting and naming <jats:italic>Chitala</jats:italic> species based solely on morphology led to different hypotheses. In this study, we aim to determine the number and identity of <jats:italic>Chitala</jats:italic> species present in Peninsular Malaysia by employing an integrative taxonomic approach that combines morphology and two mitochondrial markers: the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochrome b genes. A total of 60 specimens of <jats:italic>Chitala</jats:italic> were collected throughout Peninsular Malaysia. Initially, all specimens were sorted into three distinct categories based on their body marking patterns. A molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed that each of these groups was monophyletic, and an automated species partition method further recognized them as distinct species. These results support the presence of three <jats:italic>Chitala</jats:italic> species in Peninsular Malaysia, even though a multivariate morphometric analysis failed to fully differentiate each of these three species. Comparison with original species descriptions and genetic data from an additional 70 <jats:italic>Chitala</jats:italic> specimens from neighbouring regions allowed us to name these species as <jats:italic>Chitala lopis</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Chitala borneensis</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Chitala ornata</jats:italic>. We also showed the presence of two undescribed species in Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":49334,"journal":{"name":"Zoologica Scripta","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141503199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Livia Bonetti Villela, Pedro Hollanda Carvalho, Anderson de Vilasboa, Ghennie Tatiana Rodríguez‐Rey, Frederico Henning, Thomas Grothues, Antonio Mateo Solé‐Cava
Neglected cryptic diversity can lead to the permanent loss of locally adapted alleles, which can reduce resilience to rapid environmental change. It can also result in overestimation of fisheries stock sizes that can result from treating different species as if they belonged to one. Bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) is considered a circumtropical and subtropical species and an important fishery resource all over the world. Differences in ecologically relevant traits are observed among isolated populations. Also, in the Southwestern Atlantic, molecular data suggest multiple populations, but these are treated as a single fish stock by regulatory agencies due to a lack of definitive information. We used whole mitogenome sequences, nuclear (rho) and mitochondrial (coxI and cytb) genes, as well as microsatellites to investigate historical and current genetic population structure and parameters of bluefish in the Western Atlantic. A total of 263 samples were collected along the Brazilian coast and in the USA (New Jersey, Northwest Atlantic). Data revealed the existence of two evolutionarily significant units (ESU) of bluefish along the South American coast, later confirmed by whole mitogenome sequencing of both haplogroups. These two ESUs have a mostly parapatric distribution, with some areas of overlap, which vary along the year. We also conducted seasonal sampling in Brazil to investigate migration patterns. ESUs occur mostly north and south of parallel 23° 40′ S, with an overlap area that varied seasonally. The level of differentiation between those two ESUs in the SW Atlantic, even in sympatry, is as high as that found between them and those from the NW Atlantic and Europe. Parapatric distribution and restricted gene flow suggest the existence of ecological barriers and local adaptation. The splitting of an ancient population from the Southwestern Atlantic into two putative species is important to understand bluefish evolutionary diversification and has implications for fishery regulatory measures in Brazil.
{"title":"Deep genetic divergence among bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) of the Southwestern Atlantic","authors":"Livia Bonetti Villela, Pedro Hollanda Carvalho, Anderson de Vilasboa, Ghennie Tatiana Rodríguez‐Rey, Frederico Henning, Thomas Grothues, Antonio Mateo Solé‐Cava","doi":"10.1111/zsc.12662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12662","url":null,"abstract":"Neglected cryptic diversity can lead to the permanent loss of locally adapted alleles, which can reduce resilience to rapid environmental change. It can also result in overestimation of fisheries stock sizes that can result from treating different species as if they belonged to one. Bluefish (<jats:italic>Pomatomus saltatrix</jats:italic>) is considered a circumtropical and subtropical species and an important fishery resource all over the world. Differences in ecologically relevant traits are observed among isolated populations. Also, in the Southwestern Atlantic, molecular data suggest multiple populations, but these are treated as a single fish stock by regulatory agencies due to a lack of definitive information. We used whole mitogenome sequences, nuclear (<jats:italic>rho</jats:italic>) and mitochondrial (<jats:italic>coxI</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>cytb</jats:italic>) genes, as well as microsatellites to investigate historical and current genetic population structure and parameters of bluefish in the Western Atlantic. A total of 263 samples were collected along the Brazilian coast and in the USA (New Jersey, Northwest Atlantic). Data revealed the existence of two evolutionarily significant units (ESU) of bluefish along the South American coast, later confirmed by whole mitogenome sequencing of both haplogroups. These two ESUs have a mostly parapatric distribution, with some areas of overlap, which vary along the year. We also conducted seasonal sampling in Brazil to investigate migration patterns. ESUs occur mostly north and south of parallel 23° 40′ S, with an overlap area that varied seasonally. The level of differentiation between those two ESUs in the SW Atlantic, even in sympatry, is as high as that found between them and those from the NW Atlantic and Europe. Parapatric distribution and restricted gene flow suggest the existence of ecological barriers and local adaptation. The splitting of an ancient population from the Southwestern Atlantic into two putative species is important to understand bluefish evolutionary diversification and has implications for fishery regulatory measures in Brazil.","PeriodicalId":49334,"journal":{"name":"Zoologica Scripta","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140927403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The terrestrial isopod genus Ligidium includes 58 species from Europe, Asia, and North America. In Eastern North America four species are recognized: L. floridanum and L. mucronatum, known just from their type localities in Florida and Louisiana respectively, L. blueridgensis, endemic to the southern Appalachians, and L. elrodii, widespread from Georgia to Ontario. The genus shows a marked morphological conservatism, and species are differentiated mostly by small morphological differences; it is not always easy to determine if such variability represents inter‐ or intraspecific variation. Here, we explore the diversity of Ligidium from the southern Appalachian Mountains, exploring the congruence of morphologically defined groups with multilocus phylogenetic reconstructions and molecular species delimitation methods. We have studied a total of 130 specimens from 37 localities, mostly from the southern Appalachians, and analysed mtDNA (Cox1) and nuclear (28S, NaK) sequences. Morphologically, we recognized eight morphotypes, most of them assignable to current concepts of L. elrodii and L. blueridgensis. Phylogenetic analyses supported the evolutionary independence of all morphotypes, and suggest the existence of 8–9 species, including limited cryptic diversity. Single‐locus delimitation analyses based on mtDNA data suggest the existence of a much higher number of species than the multilocus analyses. The estimated age of the ancestors of sampled lineages indicates a long presence of the genus in eastern North America and old speciation events through the Miocene. Our results indicate a higher diversity than previously thought among the Ligidium populations present in the southern Appalachian Mountains, with several species to be described.
{"title":"Hidden diversity in eastern North America: The genus Ligidium (Oniscidea, Ligiidae) in the southern Appalachian Mountains","authors":"Ernesto Recuero, Michael S. Caterino","doi":"10.1111/zsc.12661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12661","url":null,"abstract":"The terrestrial isopod genus <jats:italic>Ligidium</jats:italic> includes 58 species from Europe, Asia, and North America. In Eastern North America four species are recognized: <jats:italic>L. floridanum</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>L. mucronatum</jats:italic>, known just from their type localities in Florida and Louisiana respectively, <jats:italic>L. blueridgensis</jats:italic>, endemic to the southern Appalachians, and <jats:italic>L. elrodii</jats:italic>, widespread from Georgia to Ontario. The genus shows a marked morphological conservatism, and species are differentiated mostly by small morphological differences; it is not always easy to determine if such variability represents inter‐ or intraspecific variation. Here, we explore the diversity of <jats:italic>Ligidium</jats:italic> from the southern Appalachian Mountains, exploring the congruence of morphologically defined groups with multilocus phylogenetic reconstructions and molecular species delimitation methods. We have studied a total of 130 specimens from 37 localities, mostly from the southern Appalachians, and analysed mtDNA (Cox1) and nuclear (28S, NaK) sequences. Morphologically, we recognized eight morphotypes, most of them assignable to current concepts of <jats:italic>L</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>elrodii</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>L</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>blueridgensis</jats:italic>. Phylogenetic analyses supported the evolutionary independence of all morphotypes, and suggest the existence of 8–9 species, including limited cryptic diversity. Single‐locus delimitation analyses based on mtDNA data suggest the existence of a much higher number of species than the multilocus analyses. The estimated age of the ancestors of sampled lineages indicates a long presence of the genus in eastern North America and old speciation events through the Miocene. Our results indicate a higher diversity than previously thought among the <jats:italic>Ligidium</jats:italic> populations present in the southern Appalachian Mountains, with several species to be described.","PeriodicalId":49334,"journal":{"name":"Zoologica Scripta","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140927402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hausdorf, B., Xu, J., BAMBERGER, S. (2024) Repeated colonization of the Northern Limestone Alps from the Southern Limestone Alps by the rock-dwelling snail species Cochlostoma henricae—Zoologica Scripta, 00, 000–000. The evolution of biogeographic disjunctions in the Southern and Northern Limestone Alps has been studied only in a few taxa. Cochlostoma henricae (Strobel, 1851) is a land snail species restricted to limestone rocks showing such disjunctions. We studied the phylogeny and population structure of this species using genomic ddRAD data to better understand the differentiation of the species in the Southern Alps and the origin of the isolated occurrences in the Northern Limestone Alps. Phylogenetic and population-genetic analyses of the ddRAD data revealed a subdivision of the C. henricae populations into a western cluster and an eastern cluster. These clusters were probably separated by glaciers that extended from the Piave Valley to the margin of the Alps. Such a longitudinal subdivision is a common pattern of several species in the Southern Limestone Alps. However, the boundaries between western and eastern population groups differ between taxa. Cochlostoma henricae colonized the Northern Limestone Alps at least twice. The population from Breitenwang in Tyrol originated from the western group, whereas the occurrences in the Salzkammergut are from the eastern group. These and similar disjunctions of several other land snails show that even species with limited dispersal abilities could cross the Alps repeatedly by passive long-distance dispersal events. A subdivision of C. henricae into three subspecies, proposed based on shell characters, does not correspond to its population-genetic structure. Instead, the eastern and western population groups represent distinct evolutionary units.
Hausdorf, B., Xu, J., BAMBERGER, S. (2024) 石栖蜗牛物种Cochlostoma henricae从南石灰岩阿尔卑斯山重复定居北石灰岩阿尔卑斯山--《动物学报》，00, 000-000。关于南阿尔卑斯山和北阿尔卑斯山生物地理分界的演变，只有少数分类群进行过研究。Cochlostoma henricae（Strobel，1851 年）是一种局限于石灰岩的陆地蜗牛物种，表现出这种分界。我们利用基因组 ddRAD 数据研究了该物种的系统发育和种群结构，以更好地了解该物种在南阿尔卑斯山的分化情况以及在北石灰岩阿尔卑斯山孤立分布的起源。对 ddRAD 数据进行的系统发育和种群遗传学分析表明，鸡冠花种群分为西部群和东部群。这些群落可能是被从皮亚韦山谷延伸到阿尔卑斯山边缘的冰川分隔开来的。这种纵向细分是南石灰岩阿尔卑斯山几个物种的常见模式。然而，不同类群之间西部和东部种群群的边界是不同的。Cochlostoma henricae至少两次在北石灰岩阿尔卑斯山定居。蒂罗尔州布雷滕旺（Breitenwang）的种群来自西部种群，而萨尔茨卡默古特（Salzkammergut）的种群则来自东部种群。这些情况以及其他几种陆地蜗牛的类似分化表明，即使是扩散能力有限的物种，也可以通过被动的长距离扩散事件反复穿越阿尔卑斯山。根据贝壳特征将 C. henricae 划分为三个亚种的建议并不符合其种群遗传结构。相反，东部和西部种群代表了不同的进化单元。
{"title":"Repeated colonization of the Northern Limestone Alps from the Southern Limestone Alps by the rock-dwelling snail species Cochlostoma henricae","authors":"Bernhard Hausdorf, Jie Xu, Sonja Bamberger","doi":"10.1111/zsc.12659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12659","url":null,"abstract":"Hausdorf, B., Xu, J., BAMBERGER, S. (2024) Repeated colonization of the Northern Limestone Alps from the Southern Limestone Alps by the rock-dwelling snail species <i>Cochlostoma henricae</i>—<i>Zoologica Scripta</i>, 00, 000–000. The evolution of biogeographic disjunctions in the Southern and Northern Limestone Alps has been studied only in a few taxa. <i>Cochlostoma henricae</i> (Strobel, 1851) is a land snail species restricted to limestone rocks showing such disjunctions. We studied the phylogeny and population structure of this species using genomic ddRAD data to better understand the differentiation of the species in the Southern Alps and the origin of the isolated occurrences in the Northern Limestone Alps. Phylogenetic and population-genetic analyses of the ddRAD data revealed a subdivision of the <i>C. henricae</i> populations into a western cluster and an eastern cluster. These clusters were probably separated by glaciers that extended from the Piave Valley to the margin of the Alps. Such a longitudinal subdivision is a common pattern of several species in the Southern Limestone Alps. However, the boundaries between western and eastern population groups differ between taxa. <i>Cochlostoma henricae</i> colonized the Northern Limestone Alps at least twice. The population from Breitenwang in Tyrol originated from the western group, whereas the occurrences in the Salzkammergut are from the eastern group. These and similar disjunctions of several other land snails show that even species with limited dispersal abilities could cross the Alps repeatedly by passive long-distance dispersal events. A subdivision of <i>C. henricae</i> into three subspecies, proposed based on shell characters, does not correspond to its population-genetic structure. Instead, the eastern and western population groups represent distinct evolutionary units.","PeriodicalId":49334,"journal":{"name":"Zoologica Scripta","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140569149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jumping spiders (Salticidae) are a diverse group of non-web-building predators and the most species-rich spider family. The Salticidae Tribe Nannenini consists of a small group of Oriental jumping spiders that are very poorly known. The use of explicit phylogenetic analyses to establish its affinities has so far remained limited. The Nannenini genus Epidelaxia has a peculiar morphology, making its systematic position uncertain. In this study, we present a comprehensive dataset combining molecular and morphological data for Nannenini, including exemplars from all genera. This dataset comprises DNA sequences of approximately 2400 bp, including nuclear genes (18S, 28S and H3) and the mitochondrial gene CO1, sequenced for 40 taxa (20 ingroups and 20 outgroups), along with 61 morphological characters. Notably, both DNA sequences and morphological traits were analysed separately and concurrently for the first time. The Nannenini clade is recovered with high support. Further, Epidelaxia is monophyletic and sister to Tubalaxia gen. n. This is the first hypothesis on the internal phylogenetic structure of Epidelaxia and its placement within the Tribe Nannenini. A new genus Tubalaxia gen. n. and the following new species are described: E. bharathi sp. n., E. somasundaram sp. n., T. castanea sp. n., T. aurea sp. n. The following new combination is proposed: Tubalaxia minuta (Prószyński, 1992) comb. n. Epidelaxia albostellata, E. albocruciata and E. obscura are redescribed. It is worth noting that the newly described species face endangerment due to their limited distribution and small population sizes.
跳蛛（Salticidae）是一个种类繁多的非织网捕食者群体，也是物种最丰富的蜘蛛科。薮蛛科 Nannenini 族由一小群东方跳蛛组成，对其了解甚少。迄今为止，利用明确的系统发育分析来确定其亲缘关系的方法仍然有限。Nannenini 属中的 Epidelaxia 有着奇特的形态，使其系统定位不明确。在本研究中，我们为 Nannenini 属提供了一个结合分子和形态学数据的综合数据集，其中包括所有属的样本。该数据集包括约 2400 bp 的 DNA 序列，包括核基因（18S、28S 和 H3）和线粒体基因 CO1，测序对象为 40 个类群（20 个内群和 20 个外群），以及 61 个形态特征。值得注意的是，DNA 序列和形态特征首次被分开同时分析。Nannenini 支系得到了高度支持。这是对 Epidelaxia 内部系统发生结构及其在 Nannenini 支系中位置的首次假设。描述了一个新属 Tubalaxia gen：n., E. somasundaram sp. n., T. castanea sp. n., T. aurea sp. n.：Epidelaxia albostellata, E. albocruciata and E. obscura are redescribed.值得注意的是，新描述的物种由于分布有限且种群规模较小而面临濒危。
{"title":"Multilocus genetic and morphological phylogenetic analysis: Unveiling a new genus and species in the Tribe Nannenini of jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae)","authors":"Abira Satkunanathan, Suresh P. Benjamin","doi":"10.1111/zsc.12660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12660","url":null,"abstract":"Jumping spiders (Salticidae) are a diverse group of non-web-building predators and the most species-rich spider family. The Salticidae Tribe Nannenini consists of a small group of Oriental jumping spiders that are very poorly known. The use of explicit phylogenetic analyses to establish its affinities has so far remained limited. The Nannenini genus <i>Epidelaxia</i> has a peculiar morphology, making its systematic position uncertain. In this study, we present a comprehensive dataset combining molecular and morphological data for Nannenini, including exemplars from all genera. This dataset comprises DNA sequences of approximately 2400 bp, including nuclear genes (<i>18S</i>, <i>28S</i> and <i>H3</i>) and the mitochondrial gene <i>CO1</i>, sequenced for 40 taxa (20 ingroups and 20 outgroups), along with 61 morphological characters. Notably, both DNA sequences and morphological traits were analysed separately and concurrently for the first time. The Nannenini clade is recovered with high support. Further, <i>Epidelaxia</i> is monophyletic and sister to <i>Tubalaxia</i> gen. n. This is the first hypothesis on the internal phylogenetic structure of <i>Epidelaxia</i> and its placement within the Tribe Nannenini. A new genus <i>Tubalaxia</i> gen. n. and the following new species are described: <i>E. bharathi</i> sp. n., <i>E. somasundaram</i> sp. n., <i>T. castanea</i> sp. n., <i>T. aurea</i> sp. n. The following new combination is proposed: <i>Tubalaxia minuta</i> (Prószyński, 1992) <b>comb. n</b>. <i>Epidelaxia albostellata</i>, <i>E. albocruciata</i> and <i>E. obscura</i> are redescribed. It is worth noting that the newly described species face endangerment due to their limited distribution and small population sizes.","PeriodicalId":49334,"journal":{"name":"Zoologica Scripta","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140569304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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