Xuan Zhang, Jiaqi Liu, H. Chiba, Yiping Li, Xiangqun Yuan
Tagiadini and Celaenorrhinini, two closely related groups of skippers in the subfamily Pyrginae, are mainly distributed across the Oriental, Palaearctic and African regions. While some efforts have been made to explore the phylogenetic relationships within Tagiadini and Celaenorrhinini, several unresolved issues still persist. In this study, we sequenced 13 complete mitochondrial genomes from Tagiadini and Celaenorrhinini. Additionally, we extracted nuclear genes CAD, EF‐1α, IDH, MDH, RPS5 and Wingless from the public database. Through comparative analysis, we gained insights into the structure of these newly sequenced mitogenomes. Furthermore, we constructed a comprehensive phylogenetic tree for Tagiadini and Celaenorrhinini, integrating the newly obtained mitochondrial genomes and nuclear genes with previously published mitogenomes and data from the sequence read archive (SRA). The total length of the mitochondrial genomes of the 13 skipper species ranged from 15,228 bp (Seseria sambara indosinica) to 15,431 bp (Pseudocoladenia festa). The newly sequenced genomes featured the standard set of 13 protein‐coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs) and a non‐coding A + T‐rich region implicated in replication initiation. The phylogenetic analysis encompassing all mitochondrial and nuclear gene data consistently upheld the monophyly of genera within the tribes Tagiadini and Celaenorrhinini. Most of the intergeneric relationships identified in our study agreed with recent genomic discoveries, showing enhanced nodal support values in some cases. Lastly, we estimated the divergence of the Tagiadini + Celaenorrhinini branch at approximately 44.06 million years ago (Ma) during the middle Eocene epoch. The crown ages of Tagiadini and Celaenorrhinini were estimated at approximately 41.69 Ma and 38.49 Ma, respectively.
{"title":"Phylogeny and evolutionary timescales of the tribes Tagiadini and Celaenorrhinini (Hesperiidae, Pyrginae) inferred from mitochondrial genome and nuclear genes","authors":"Xuan Zhang, Jiaqi Liu, H. Chiba, Yiping Li, Xiangqun Yuan","doi":"10.1111/zsc.12674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12674","url":null,"abstract":"Tagiadini and Celaenorrhinini, two closely related groups of skippers in the subfamily Pyrginae, are mainly distributed across the Oriental, Palaearctic and African regions. While some efforts have been made to explore the phylogenetic relationships within Tagiadini and Celaenorrhinini, several unresolved issues still persist. In this study, we sequenced 13 complete mitochondrial genomes from Tagiadini and Celaenorrhinini. Additionally, we extracted nuclear genes CAD, EF‐1α, IDH, MDH, RPS5 and Wingless from the public database. Through comparative analysis, we gained insights into the structure of these newly sequenced mitogenomes. Furthermore, we constructed a comprehensive phylogenetic tree for Tagiadini and Celaenorrhinini, integrating the newly obtained mitochondrial genomes and nuclear genes with previously published mitogenomes and data from the sequence read archive (SRA). The total length of the mitochondrial genomes of the 13 skipper species ranged from 15,228 bp (Seseria sambara indosinica) to 15,431 bp (Pseudocoladenia festa). The newly sequenced genomes featured the standard set of 13 protein‐coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs) and a non‐coding A + T‐rich region implicated in replication initiation. The phylogenetic analysis encompassing all mitochondrial and nuclear gene data consistently upheld the monophyly of genera within the tribes Tagiadini and Celaenorrhinini. Most of the intergeneric relationships identified in our study agreed with recent genomic discoveries, showing enhanced nodal support values in some cases. Lastly, we estimated the divergence of the Tagiadini + Celaenorrhinini branch at approximately 44.06 million years ago (Ma) during the middle Eocene epoch. The crown ages of Tagiadini and Celaenorrhinini were estimated at approximately 41.69 Ma and 38.49 Ma, respectively.","PeriodicalId":49334,"journal":{"name":"Zoologica Scripta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141370316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xing-Jin Che, Yuan‐Wei Zhang, An‐Li Wu, Li‐Mei Zhang, Xiaofu Pan, MO Wang, Jun‐Xing Yang, Xiaoai Wang
Geological events can have a major effect on the genetic structure and differentiation of fish populations. The relative importance of key geological events on the distribution and genetic structure of endemic fish of the genus Discogobio in the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau has not yet been evaluated. Studies of the phylogeography of Discogobio fishes could provide insights into spatial and temporal changes in their population size, dispersal history, and extent of geographical isolation, and the data acquired in such studies can be used to aid their conservation. Here, we used single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) to characterize the phylogeography of Discogobio fishes. Our analysis supports the endemicity of Discogobio. However, Discogobio samples from different regions contained multiple ancestral components, including admixed and diversified genetic components. This might stem from polymorphism of the ancestors themselves or the infiltration of genes caused by hybridization between Discogobio species. We estimated that the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of Discogobio fish in the Central Yunnan Basin was approximately 4.63–3.83 million years ago (Ma). We also inferred that the evolution of Discogobio in the Central Yunnan Basin was closely related to the expansion and contraction of the lake basin around 2.59–0.13 Ma. We proposed measures that could be implemented to conserve remaining populations and their corresponding habitats to prevent further declines and preserve the biodiversity of this unique genus.
{"title":"Genetic analysis of Discogobio (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in the Central Yunnan Basin: Effects of geological events and conservation perspectives","authors":"Xing-Jin Che, Yuan‐Wei Zhang, An‐Li Wu, Li‐Mei Zhang, Xiaofu Pan, MO Wang, Jun‐Xing Yang, Xiaoai Wang","doi":"10.1111/zsc.12673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12673","url":null,"abstract":"Geological events can have a major effect on the genetic structure and differentiation of fish populations. The relative importance of key geological events on the distribution and genetic structure of endemic fish of the genus Discogobio in the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau has not yet been evaluated. Studies of the phylogeography of Discogobio fishes could provide insights into spatial and temporal changes in their population size, dispersal history, and extent of geographical isolation, and the data acquired in such studies can be used to aid their conservation. Here, we used single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) to characterize the phylogeography of Discogobio fishes. Our analysis supports the endemicity of Discogobio. However, Discogobio samples from different regions contained multiple ancestral components, including admixed and diversified genetic components. This might stem from polymorphism of the ancestors themselves or the infiltration of genes caused by hybridization between Discogobio species. We estimated that the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of Discogobio fish in the Central Yunnan Basin was approximately 4.63–3.83 million years ago (Ma). We also inferred that the evolution of Discogobio in the Central Yunnan Basin was closely related to the expansion and contraction of the lake basin around 2.59–0.13 Ma. We proposed measures that could be implemented to conserve remaining populations and their corresponding habitats to prevent further declines and preserve the biodiversity of this unique genus.","PeriodicalId":49334,"journal":{"name":"Zoologica Scripta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141368837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chentao Wei, Lanhui Peng, Yanyun Zhang, Isao Nishiumi, Geoff J. Carey, Zongzhuang Liu, P. Alström, Lu Dong, Yang Liu
Animals that colonize islands often undergo significant evolutionary changes in comparison with their continental counterparts as a response to specific island conditions. The pace of such changes can be relatively fast, which poses challenges in the evaluation of the taxonomic status of island taxa. The Japanese and Manchurian Bush Warbler species complex (Horornis diphone–canturians), which breeds in East Asia and the Japanese Archipelago, is such an avian example. This species complex exhibits significant morphological differentiation between different taxa, and the taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships within the complex are debated. Here, we updated the taxonomy of this species complex and shed insight on its evolutionary history using multi‐locus phylogeographic and acoustic analyses. Our results support the conventional treatment of the two continental taxa borealis and canturians as subspecies of H. canturians, contrary to some recent proposals that they are affiliated to H. diphone. We also document a reduction in body size, that is dwarfism, and vocal divergence in the nominate subspecies H. d. diphone, which is endemic to the remote and isolated Ogasawara Islands. These changes may have happened following colonization of these islands, which was estimated to have taken place approximately 0.2 million years ago. Although H. d. diphone is clearly distinctive and deserves recognition as an evolutionarily significant unit, H. d. diphone and other H. diphone samples were not reciprocally monophyletic. Because of this lack of reciprocal monophyly and a relatively recent divergence time, we advocate maintaining its current subspecies status. We also detected reduced genetic diversity, measured as heterozygosity, in H. d. diphone. We suggest that conservation efforts in the Ogasawara Islands should prioritize the protection of this endemic subspecies. Collectively, our findings suggest that the separation between the populations on the East Asian continent and the Japanese Archipelago, followed by colonization of remote oceanic islands through long‐distance dispersal, underlie rapid phenotypic and genetic diversification of the Horornis diphone–canturians species complex.
与大陆上的同类相比，在岛屿上定居的动物往往会发生重大的进化变化，以适应特定的岛屿条件。这种变化的速度可能相对较快，这给评估岛屿类群的分类地位带来了挑战。在东亚和日本列岛繁殖的日本和满洲桦莺物种群（Horornis diphone-canturians）就是这样一个例子。该物种群不同类群之间存在明显的形态分化，物种群内部的分类地位和系统发育关系也存在争议。在此，我们更新了该物种群的分类法，并通过多焦点系统地理学和声学分析深入了解了其进化历史。我们的研究结果支持将两个大陆类群 borealis 和 canturians 视为 H. canturians 的亚种的传统观点，这与最近提出的它们隶属于 H. diphone 的观点相反。我们还记录了体型的缩小，即侏儒症，以及提名亚种 H. d. diphone 的发声分化，该亚种是偏远和孤立的小笠原群岛的特有种。据估计，这些变化可能发生在大约 20 万年前这些岛屿被殖民化之后。虽然H. d. diphone具有明显的独特性，值得作为一个重要的进化单位加以承认，但H. d. diphone和其他H. diphone样本并不是互为单系的。由于缺乏互生单系和相对较近的分化时间，我们主张维持其目前的亚种地位。我们还发现 H. d. diphone 的遗传多样性（以杂合度衡量）有所降低。我们建议小笠原群岛的保护工作应优先保护这一特有亚种。总之，我们的研究结果表明，东亚大陆与日本列岛之间的种群分离，以及随后通过远距离扩散在偏远海洋岛屿上的殖民化，是双角雉-anturians物种复合体表型和遗传快速多样化的基础。
{"title":"Integrative taxonomy of an East Asian songbird indicates rapid dwarfism after island colonization","authors":"Chentao Wei, Lanhui Peng, Yanyun Zhang, Isao Nishiumi, Geoff J. Carey, Zongzhuang Liu, P. Alström, Lu Dong, Yang Liu","doi":"10.1111/zsc.12675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12675","url":null,"abstract":"Animals that colonize islands often undergo significant evolutionary changes in comparison with their continental counterparts as a response to specific island conditions. The pace of such changes can be relatively fast, which poses challenges in the evaluation of the taxonomic status of island taxa. The Japanese and Manchurian Bush Warbler species complex (Horornis diphone–canturians), which breeds in East Asia and the Japanese Archipelago, is such an avian example. This species complex exhibits significant morphological differentiation between different taxa, and the taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships within the complex are debated. Here, we updated the taxonomy of this species complex and shed insight on its evolutionary history using multi‐locus phylogeographic and acoustic analyses. Our results support the conventional treatment of the two continental taxa borealis and canturians as subspecies of H. canturians, contrary to some recent proposals that they are affiliated to H. diphone. We also document a reduction in body size, that is dwarfism, and vocal divergence in the nominate subspecies H. d. diphone, which is endemic to the remote and isolated Ogasawara Islands. These changes may have happened following colonization of these islands, which was estimated to have taken place approximately 0.2 million years ago. Although H. d. diphone is clearly distinctive and deserves recognition as an evolutionarily significant unit, H. d. diphone and other H. diphone samples were not reciprocally monophyletic. Because of this lack of reciprocal monophyly and a relatively recent divergence time, we advocate maintaining its current subspecies status. We also detected reduced genetic diversity, measured as heterozygosity, in H. d. diphone. We suggest that conservation efforts in the Ogasawara Islands should prioritize the protection of this endemic subspecies. Collectively, our findings suggest that the separation between the populations on the East Asian continent and the Japanese Archipelago, followed by colonization of remote oceanic islands through long‐distance dispersal, underlie rapid phenotypic and genetic diversification of the Horornis diphone–canturians species complex.","PeriodicalId":49334,"journal":{"name":"Zoologica Scripta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141376169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work demonstrates for the first time using molecular markers alongside chromosomes and the intermediate phenotype that a specimen of Dorcadion is an accidental first‐generation hybrid. The analyses were based on two mitochondrial and five nuclear molecular markers. While analysing the putative parental taxa of the hybrid, it was revealed that even Dorcadion lugubre lugubre Kraatz is likely a hybridogenic taxon. Coincidentally, a new lead was discovered concerning the parental taxa of Dorcadion aethiops (Scopoli), already known as a hybridogenic species. This new evidence of hybridisation adds to the recent publications to strengthen the hypothesis that, in Dorcadionini, this phenomenon is relatively frequent, and speciation is often reticulate: New taxa can appear through introgressive hybridisation, explaining in part the extreme species richness of the group.
{"title":"Dissecting natural hybridisation in longhorned beetles through an integrative approach: Further proof of reticulate evolution in Dorcadionini (Cerambycidae, Lamiinae)","authors":"Florina-Georgiana Caba, M. Dascălu","doi":"10.1111/zsc.12664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12664","url":null,"abstract":"This work demonstrates for the first time using molecular markers alongside chromosomes and the intermediate phenotype that a specimen of Dorcadion is an accidental first‐generation hybrid. The analyses were based on two mitochondrial and five nuclear molecular markers. While analysing the putative parental taxa of the hybrid, it was revealed that even Dorcadion lugubre lugubre Kraatz is likely a hybridogenic taxon. Coincidentally, a new lead was discovered concerning the parental taxa of Dorcadion aethiops (Scopoli), already known as a hybridogenic species. This new evidence of hybridisation adds to the recent publications to strengthen the hypothesis that, in Dorcadionini, this phenomenon is relatively frequent, and speciation is often reticulate: New taxa can appear through introgressive hybridisation, explaining in part the extreme species richness of the group.","PeriodicalId":49334,"journal":{"name":"Zoologica Scripta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141376312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study of biodiversity is fundamental to preserving life on Earth but a challenging endeavour due to the taxonomic neglect associated with hyperdiverse lineages. To overcome this problem, we have implemented for the first time a Large‐scale integrative taxonomic (LIT) approach on the hyperdiverse insect family Chloropidae. This lineage of flies is a great fit for implementing emerging protocols such as LIT due to their ecological relevance, abundance and global distribution, poorly known genetic diversity and challenging taxonomy. In this study, we test cost‐effective barcoding workflows on nonoptimally preserved chloropid flies from Sweden and then apply targeted morphological validation to accelerate the species recognition process. Our dataset yielded DNA barcodes of 63 species that represent almost one‐third of the species diversity from Sweden and 15% of the European diversity. Applying LIT allowed us to uncover two new species and address for the first time three troublesome species complexes through a comprehensive framework. We also provide previously unknown DNA barcodes for 35% of the described species found and address distribution patterns with a focus on grassland environments. We have thus contributed significantly to overcoming the taxonomic neglect of this hyperdiverse lineage by tackling the diversity of chloropids using complementary sources of data, scalable techniques and quickly translating multiple sources of evidence into named species.
生物多样性研究对于保护地球上的生命至关重要，但由于超多样性品系的分类被忽视，这项工作极具挑战性。为了克服这一问题，我们首次在超多样性昆虫氯蝇科中采用了大规模综合分类法（LIT）。由于其生态相关性、数量和全球分布、遗传多样性知之甚少以及极具挑战性的分类，这一蝇科非常适合实施 LIT 等新兴方案。在本研究中，我们在瑞典非最佳保存的氯苍蝇身上测试了经济有效的条形码工作流程，然后应用有针对性的形态学验证来加速物种识别过程。我们的数据集获得了 63 个物种的 DNA 条形码，这些物种代表了瑞典物种多样性的近三分之一和欧洲物种多样性的 15%。应用 LIT 使我们发现了两个新物种，并首次通过一个综合框架解决了三个棘手的物种复合体问题。我们还为 35% 已发现的描述物种提供了以前未知的 DNA 条形码，并以草地环境为重点研究了其分布模式。因此，我们利用互补的数据来源、可扩展的技术以及将多种证据来源快速转化为命名物种的方法，解决了氯蝶形花属植物的多样性问题，从而为克服这一极其多样化的物种在分类学上被忽视的问题做出了重大贡献。
{"title":"Large‐scale integrative taxonomy of Swedish grass flies (Diptera, Chloropidae) reveals hitherto unknown complexity of a dark taxon","authors":"P. Riccardi, Emily Hartop","doi":"10.1111/zsc.12663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12663","url":null,"abstract":"The study of biodiversity is fundamental to preserving life on Earth but a challenging endeavour due to the taxonomic neglect associated with hyperdiverse lineages. To overcome this problem, we have implemented for the first time a Large‐scale integrative taxonomic (LIT) approach on the hyperdiverse insect family Chloropidae. This lineage of flies is a great fit for implementing emerging protocols such as LIT due to their ecological relevance, abundance and global distribution, poorly known genetic diversity and challenging taxonomy. In this study, we test cost‐effective barcoding workflows on nonoptimally preserved chloropid flies from Sweden and then apply targeted morphological validation to accelerate the species recognition process. Our dataset yielded DNA barcodes of 63 species that represent almost one‐third of the species diversity from Sweden and 15% of the European diversity. Applying LIT allowed us to uncover two new species and address for the first time three troublesome species complexes through a comprehensive framework. We also provide previously unknown DNA barcodes for 35% of the described species found and address distribution patterns with a focus on grassland environments. We have thus contributed significantly to overcoming the taxonomic neglect of this hyperdiverse lineage by tackling the diversity of chloropids using complementary sources of data, scalable techniques and quickly translating multiple sources of evidence into named species.","PeriodicalId":49334,"journal":{"name":"Zoologica Scripta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141118818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Livia Bonetti Villela, Pedro Hollanda Carvalho, Anderson de Vilasboa, Ghennie Tatiana Rodríguez‐Rey, Frederico Henning, Thomas Grothues, Antonio Mateo Solé‐Cava
Neglected cryptic diversity can lead to the permanent loss of locally adapted alleles, which can reduce resilience to rapid environmental change. It can also result in overestimation of fisheries stock sizes that can result from treating different species as if they belonged to one. Bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) is considered a circumtropical and subtropical species and an important fishery resource all over the world. Differences in ecologically relevant traits are observed among isolated populations. Also, in the Southwestern Atlantic, molecular data suggest multiple populations, but these are treated as a single fish stock by regulatory agencies due to a lack of definitive information. We used whole mitogenome sequences, nuclear (rho) and mitochondrial (coxI and cytb) genes, as well as microsatellites to investigate historical and current genetic population structure and parameters of bluefish in the Western Atlantic. A total of 263 samples were collected along the Brazilian coast and in the USA (New Jersey, Northwest Atlantic). Data revealed the existence of two evolutionarily significant units (ESU) of bluefish along the South American coast, later confirmed by whole mitogenome sequencing of both haplogroups. These two ESUs have a mostly parapatric distribution, with some areas of overlap, which vary along the year. We also conducted seasonal sampling in Brazil to investigate migration patterns. ESUs occur mostly north and south of parallel 23° 40′ S, with an overlap area that varied seasonally. The level of differentiation between those two ESUs in the SW Atlantic, even in sympatry, is as high as that found between them and those from the NW Atlantic and Europe. Parapatric distribution and restricted gene flow suggest the existence of ecological barriers and local adaptation. The splitting of an ancient population from the Southwestern Atlantic into two putative species is important to understand bluefish evolutionary diversification and has implications for fishery regulatory measures in Brazil.
{"title":"Deep genetic divergence among bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) of the Southwestern Atlantic","authors":"Livia Bonetti Villela, Pedro Hollanda Carvalho, Anderson de Vilasboa, Ghennie Tatiana Rodríguez‐Rey, Frederico Henning, Thomas Grothues, Antonio Mateo Solé‐Cava","doi":"10.1111/zsc.12662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12662","url":null,"abstract":"Neglected cryptic diversity can lead to the permanent loss of locally adapted alleles, which can reduce resilience to rapid environmental change. It can also result in overestimation of fisheries stock sizes that can result from treating different species as if they belonged to one. Bluefish (<jats:italic>Pomatomus saltatrix</jats:italic>) is considered a circumtropical and subtropical species and an important fishery resource all over the world. Differences in ecologically relevant traits are observed among isolated populations. Also, in the Southwestern Atlantic, molecular data suggest multiple populations, but these are treated as a single fish stock by regulatory agencies due to a lack of definitive information. We used whole mitogenome sequences, nuclear (<jats:italic>rho</jats:italic>) and mitochondrial (<jats:italic>coxI</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>cytb</jats:italic>) genes, as well as microsatellites to investigate historical and current genetic population structure and parameters of bluefish in the Western Atlantic. A total of 263 samples were collected along the Brazilian coast and in the USA (New Jersey, Northwest Atlantic). Data revealed the existence of two evolutionarily significant units (ESU) of bluefish along the South American coast, later confirmed by whole mitogenome sequencing of both haplogroups. These two ESUs have a mostly parapatric distribution, with some areas of overlap, which vary along the year. We also conducted seasonal sampling in Brazil to investigate migration patterns. ESUs occur mostly north and south of parallel 23° 40′ S, with an overlap area that varied seasonally. The level of differentiation between those two ESUs in the SW Atlantic, even in sympatry, is as high as that found between them and those from the NW Atlantic and Europe. Parapatric distribution and restricted gene flow suggest the existence of ecological barriers and local adaptation. The splitting of an ancient population from the Southwestern Atlantic into two putative species is important to understand bluefish evolutionary diversification and has implications for fishery regulatory measures in Brazil.","PeriodicalId":49334,"journal":{"name":"Zoologica Scripta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140927403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The terrestrial isopod genus Ligidium includes 58 species from Europe, Asia, and North America. In Eastern North America four species are recognized: L. floridanum and L. mucronatum, known just from their type localities in Florida and Louisiana respectively, L. blueridgensis, endemic to the southern Appalachians, and L. elrodii, widespread from Georgia to Ontario. The genus shows a marked morphological conservatism, and species are differentiated mostly by small morphological differences; it is not always easy to determine if such variability represents inter‐ or intraspecific variation. Here, we explore the diversity of Ligidium from the southern Appalachian Mountains, exploring the congruence of morphologically defined groups with multilocus phylogenetic reconstructions and molecular species delimitation methods. We have studied a total of 130 specimens from 37 localities, mostly from the southern Appalachians, and analysed mtDNA (Cox1) and nuclear (28S, NaK) sequences. Morphologically, we recognized eight morphotypes, most of them assignable to current concepts of L. elrodii and L. blueridgensis. Phylogenetic analyses supported the evolutionary independence of all morphotypes, and suggest the existence of 8–9 species, including limited cryptic diversity. Single‐locus delimitation analyses based on mtDNA data suggest the existence of a much higher number of species than the multilocus analyses. The estimated age of the ancestors of sampled lineages indicates a long presence of the genus in eastern North America and old speciation events through the Miocene. Our results indicate a higher diversity than previously thought among the Ligidium populations present in the southern Appalachian Mountains, with several species to be described.
{"title":"Hidden diversity in eastern North America: The genus Ligidium (Oniscidea, Ligiidae) in the southern Appalachian Mountains","authors":"Ernesto Recuero, Michael S. Caterino","doi":"10.1111/zsc.12661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12661","url":null,"abstract":"The terrestrial isopod genus <jats:italic>Ligidium</jats:italic> includes 58 species from Europe, Asia, and North America. In Eastern North America four species are recognized: <jats:italic>L. floridanum</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>L. mucronatum</jats:italic>, known just from their type localities in Florida and Louisiana respectively, <jats:italic>L. blueridgensis</jats:italic>, endemic to the southern Appalachians, and <jats:italic>L. elrodii</jats:italic>, widespread from Georgia to Ontario. The genus shows a marked morphological conservatism, and species are differentiated mostly by small morphological differences; it is not always easy to determine if such variability represents inter‐ or intraspecific variation. Here, we explore the diversity of <jats:italic>Ligidium</jats:italic> from the southern Appalachian Mountains, exploring the congruence of morphologically defined groups with multilocus phylogenetic reconstructions and molecular species delimitation methods. We have studied a total of 130 specimens from 37 localities, mostly from the southern Appalachians, and analysed mtDNA (Cox1) and nuclear (28S, NaK) sequences. Morphologically, we recognized eight morphotypes, most of them assignable to current concepts of <jats:italic>L</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>elrodii</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>L</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>blueridgensis</jats:italic>. Phylogenetic analyses supported the evolutionary independence of all morphotypes, and suggest the existence of 8–9 species, including limited cryptic diversity. Single‐locus delimitation analyses based on mtDNA data suggest the existence of a much higher number of species than the multilocus analyses. The estimated age of the ancestors of sampled lineages indicates a long presence of the genus in eastern North America and old speciation events through the Miocene. Our results indicate a higher diversity than previously thought among the <jats:italic>Ligidium</jats:italic> populations present in the southern Appalachian Mountains, with several species to be described.","PeriodicalId":49334,"journal":{"name":"Zoologica Scripta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140927402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hausdorf, B., Xu, J., BAMBERGER, S. (2024) Repeated colonization of the Northern Limestone Alps from the Southern Limestone Alps by the rock-dwelling snail species Cochlostoma henricae—Zoologica Scripta, 00, 000–000. The evolution of biogeographic disjunctions in the Southern and Northern Limestone Alps has been studied only in a few taxa. Cochlostoma henricae (Strobel, 1851) is a land snail species restricted to limestone rocks showing such disjunctions. We studied the phylogeny and population structure of this species using genomic ddRAD data to better understand the differentiation of the species in the Southern Alps and the origin of the isolated occurrences in the Northern Limestone Alps. Phylogenetic and population-genetic analyses of the ddRAD data revealed a subdivision of the C. henricae populations into a western cluster and an eastern cluster. These clusters were probably separated by glaciers that extended from the Piave Valley to the margin of the Alps. Such a longitudinal subdivision is a common pattern of several species in the Southern Limestone Alps. However, the boundaries between western and eastern population groups differ between taxa. Cochlostoma henricae colonized the Northern Limestone Alps at least twice. The population from Breitenwang in Tyrol originated from the western group, whereas the occurrences in the Salzkammergut are from the eastern group. These and similar disjunctions of several other land snails show that even species with limited dispersal abilities could cross the Alps repeatedly by passive long-distance dispersal events. A subdivision of C. henricae into three subspecies, proposed based on shell characters, does not correspond to its population-genetic structure. Instead, the eastern and western population groups represent distinct evolutionary units.
Hausdorf, B., Xu, J., BAMBERGER, S. (2024) 石栖蜗牛物种Cochlostoma henricae从南石灰岩阿尔卑斯山重复定居北石灰岩阿尔卑斯山--《动物学报》，00, 000-000。关于南阿尔卑斯山和北阿尔卑斯山生物地理分界的演变，只有少数分类群进行过研究。Cochlostoma henricae（Strobel，1851 年）是一种局限于石灰岩的陆地蜗牛物种，表现出这种分界。我们利用基因组 ddRAD 数据研究了该物种的系统发育和种群结构，以更好地了解该物种在南阿尔卑斯山的分化情况以及在北石灰岩阿尔卑斯山孤立分布的起源。对 ddRAD 数据进行的系统发育和种群遗传学分析表明，鸡冠花种群分为西部群和东部群。这些群落可能是被从皮亚韦山谷延伸到阿尔卑斯山边缘的冰川分隔开来的。这种纵向细分是南石灰岩阿尔卑斯山几个物种的常见模式。然而，不同类群之间西部和东部种群群的边界是不同的。Cochlostoma henricae至少两次在北石灰岩阿尔卑斯山定居。蒂罗尔州布雷滕旺（Breitenwang）的种群来自西部种群，而萨尔茨卡默古特（Salzkammergut）的种群则来自东部种群。这些情况以及其他几种陆地蜗牛的类似分化表明，即使是扩散能力有限的物种，也可以通过被动的长距离扩散事件反复穿越阿尔卑斯山。根据贝壳特征将 C. henricae 划分为三个亚种的建议并不符合其种群遗传结构。相反，东部和西部种群代表了不同的进化单元。
{"title":"Repeated colonization of the Northern Limestone Alps from the Southern Limestone Alps by the rock-dwelling snail species Cochlostoma henricae","authors":"Bernhard Hausdorf, Jie Xu, Sonja Bamberger","doi":"10.1111/zsc.12659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12659","url":null,"abstract":"Hausdorf, B., Xu, J., BAMBERGER, S. (2024) Repeated colonization of the Northern Limestone Alps from the Southern Limestone Alps by the rock-dwelling snail species <i>Cochlostoma henricae</i>—<i>Zoologica Scripta</i>, 00, 000–000. The evolution of biogeographic disjunctions in the Southern and Northern Limestone Alps has been studied only in a few taxa. <i>Cochlostoma henricae</i> (Strobel, 1851) is a land snail species restricted to limestone rocks showing such disjunctions. We studied the phylogeny and population structure of this species using genomic ddRAD data to better understand the differentiation of the species in the Southern Alps and the origin of the isolated occurrences in the Northern Limestone Alps. Phylogenetic and population-genetic analyses of the ddRAD data revealed a subdivision of the <i>C. henricae</i> populations into a western cluster and an eastern cluster. These clusters were probably separated by glaciers that extended from the Piave Valley to the margin of the Alps. Such a longitudinal subdivision is a common pattern of several species in the Southern Limestone Alps. However, the boundaries between western and eastern population groups differ between taxa. <i>Cochlostoma henricae</i> colonized the Northern Limestone Alps at least twice. The population from Breitenwang in Tyrol originated from the western group, whereas the occurrences in the Salzkammergut are from the eastern group. These and similar disjunctions of several other land snails show that even species with limited dispersal abilities could cross the Alps repeatedly by passive long-distance dispersal events. A subdivision of <i>C. henricae</i> into three subspecies, proposed based on shell characters, does not correspond to its population-genetic structure. Instead, the eastern and western population groups represent distinct evolutionary units.","PeriodicalId":49334,"journal":{"name":"Zoologica Scripta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140569149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jumping spiders (Salticidae) are a diverse group of non-web-building predators and the most species-rich spider family. The Salticidae Tribe Nannenini consists of a small group of Oriental jumping spiders that are very poorly known. The use of explicit phylogenetic analyses to establish its affinities has so far remained limited. The Nannenini genus Epidelaxia has a peculiar morphology, making its systematic position uncertain. In this study, we present a comprehensive dataset combining molecular and morphological data for Nannenini, including exemplars from all genera. This dataset comprises DNA sequences of approximately 2400 bp, including nuclear genes (18S, 28S and H3) and the mitochondrial gene CO1, sequenced for 40 taxa (20 ingroups and 20 outgroups), along with 61 morphological characters. Notably, both DNA sequences and morphological traits were analysed separately and concurrently for the first time. The Nannenini clade is recovered with high support. Further, Epidelaxia is monophyletic and sister to Tubalaxia gen. n. This is the first hypothesis on the internal phylogenetic structure of Epidelaxia and its placement within the Tribe Nannenini. A new genus Tubalaxia gen. n. and the following new species are described: E. bharathi sp. n., E. somasundaram sp. n., T. castanea sp. n., T. aurea sp. n. The following new combination is proposed: Tubalaxia minuta (Prószyński, 1992) comb. n. Epidelaxia albostellata, E. albocruciata and E. obscura are redescribed. It is worth noting that the newly described species face endangerment due to their limited distribution and small population sizes.
跳蛛（Salticidae）是一个种类繁多的非织网捕食者群体，也是物种最丰富的蜘蛛科。薮蛛科 Nannenini 族由一小群东方跳蛛组成，对其了解甚少。迄今为止，利用明确的系统发育分析来确定其亲缘关系的方法仍然有限。Nannenini 属中的 Epidelaxia 有着奇特的形态，使其系统定位不明确。在本研究中，我们为 Nannenini 属提供了一个结合分子和形态学数据的综合数据集，其中包括所有属的样本。该数据集包括约 2400 bp 的 DNA 序列，包括核基因（18S、28S 和 H3）和线粒体基因 CO1，测序对象为 40 个类群（20 个内群和 20 个外群），以及 61 个形态特征。值得注意的是，DNA 序列和形态特征首次被分开同时分析。Nannenini 支系得到了高度支持。这是对 Epidelaxia 内部系统发生结构及其在 Nannenini 支系中位置的首次假设。描述了一个新属 Tubalaxia gen：n., E. somasundaram sp. n., T. castanea sp. n., T. aurea sp. n.：Epidelaxia albostellata, E. albocruciata and E. obscura are redescribed.值得注意的是，新描述的物种由于分布有限且种群规模较小而面临濒危。
{"title":"Multilocus genetic and morphological phylogenetic analysis: Unveiling a new genus and species in the Tribe Nannenini of jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae)","authors":"Abira Satkunanathan, Suresh P. Benjamin","doi":"10.1111/zsc.12660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12660","url":null,"abstract":"Jumping spiders (Salticidae) are a diverse group of non-web-building predators and the most species-rich spider family. The Salticidae Tribe Nannenini consists of a small group of Oriental jumping spiders that are very poorly known. The use of explicit phylogenetic analyses to establish its affinities has so far remained limited. The Nannenini genus <i>Epidelaxia</i> has a peculiar morphology, making its systematic position uncertain. In this study, we present a comprehensive dataset combining molecular and morphological data for Nannenini, including exemplars from all genera. This dataset comprises DNA sequences of approximately 2400 bp, including nuclear genes (<i>18S</i>, <i>28S</i> and <i>H3</i>) and the mitochondrial gene <i>CO1</i>, sequenced for 40 taxa (20 ingroups and 20 outgroups), along with 61 morphological characters. Notably, both DNA sequences and morphological traits were analysed separately and concurrently for the first time. The Nannenini clade is recovered with high support. Further, <i>Epidelaxia</i> is monophyletic and sister to <i>Tubalaxia</i> gen. n. This is the first hypothesis on the internal phylogenetic structure of <i>Epidelaxia</i> and its placement within the Tribe Nannenini. A new genus <i>Tubalaxia</i> gen. n. and the following new species are described: <i>E. bharathi</i> sp. n., <i>E. somasundaram</i> sp. n., <i>T. castanea</i> sp. n., <i>T. aurea</i> sp. n. The following new combination is proposed: <i>Tubalaxia minuta</i> (Prószyński, 1992) <b>comb. n</b>. <i>Epidelaxia albostellata</i>, <i>E. albocruciata</i> and <i>E. obscura</i> are redescribed. It is worth noting that the newly described species face endangerment due to their limited distribution and small population sizes.","PeriodicalId":49334,"journal":{"name":"Zoologica Scripta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140569304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Monachoides is a genus of medium‐sized European land snails in the family Hygromiidae. Systematics of this family was until recently based on traits of the genital system that were shown to be uninformative, resulting in revisions of classifications at the genus and family levels. Up to six species were recognized in Monachoides lately, but the inclusion of three of these species was questionable. Our phylogenetic analysis and morphological examinations show that the genus includes species previously classified in two different Hygromiidae subfamilies. After transferring three Balkan species to the unrelated genus Xerocampylaea, Monachoides emerged as a group that diversified relatively northerly, at the boundary between the Balkans and Central Europe. One species, Monachoides bacescui, is synonymized here and a previously overlooked one is redescribed, leaving only three valid species in Monachoides as currently understood: M. incarnatus, M. vicinus and M. welebitanus. These can be distinguished from other hygromiid species by their distinctive microsculpture of the shell surface, which also allows for identification of juveniles or fragmented fossil material. However, the clade comprising the three above species was found to also include the two species currently classified in Perforatella. As a result, the two genera are synonymized, with Perforatella having priority.
{"title":"Taxonomic revision and dissolution of the genus Monachoides (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora)","authors":"Tereza Adamcová, Lucie Juřičková, Małgorzata Proćków, Eike Neubert, Adam Petrusek, Ondřej Korábek","doi":"10.1111/zsc.12658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12658","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:italic>Monachoides</jats:italic> is a genus of medium‐sized European land snails in the family Hygromiidae. Systematics of this family was until recently based on traits of the genital system that were shown to be uninformative, resulting in revisions of classifications at the genus and family levels. Up to six species were recognized in <jats:italic>Monachoides</jats:italic> lately, but the inclusion of three of these species was questionable. Our phylogenetic analysis and morphological examinations show that the genus includes species previously classified in two different Hygromiidae subfamilies. After transferring three Balkan species to the unrelated genus <jats:italic>Xerocampylaea</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Monachoides</jats:italic> emerged as a group that diversified relatively northerly, at the boundary between the Balkans and Central Europe. One species, <jats:italic>Monachoides bacescui</jats:italic>, is synonymized here and a previously overlooked one is redescribed, leaving only three valid species in <jats:italic>Monachoides</jats:italic> as currently understood: <jats:italic>M</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>incarnatus</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>M</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>vicinu</jats:italic>s and <jats:italic>M</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>welebitanus</jats:italic>. These can be distinguished from other hygromiid species by their distinctive microsculpture of the shell surface, which also allows for identification of juveniles or fragmented fossil material. However, the clade comprising the three above species was found to also include the two species currently classified in <jats:italic>Perforatella</jats:italic>. As a result, the two genera are synonymized, with <jats:italic>Perforatella</jats:italic> having priority.","PeriodicalId":49334,"journal":{"name":"Zoologica Scripta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140568734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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