Daniel C. Dauwalter, Michael A. Baker, S. Baker, Richard Lee, John D. Walrath
Abstract. Nonnative Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis often reduce the long-term persistence of native Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii populations in the western United States. However, there are some instances where the 2 species have co-occurred for decades, and healthy and diverse stream habitat conditions have been suggested to facilitate sympatry. Our goal was to evaluate how habitat diversity may interplay in the negative interactions between Brook Trout and Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout O. c. bouvieri in the Goose Creek subbasin in the western United States. We determined that neither species was abundant when they occurred in sympatry. Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout were present at 8 of the 41 sites sampled, and they were sympatric with Brook Trout at 4 sites. Quantile regression revealed that Brook Trout represented a limiting factor for age-1 and older Cutthroat Trout density (fish/100m2). Lower variation in water depth reflecting poor physical habitat conditions also appeared to be a limiting factor. Age-0 Cutthroat Trout were also in poorer body condition in the presence of Brook Trout. Multiple linear regression showed Brook Trout of all sizes to have a negative effect, and diversity of cover elements a positive but lesser effect, on age-0 Cutthroat Trout body condition. Brook Trout appear to negatively influence the early life stages of Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout in the Goose Creek subbasin, similar to the negative impacts observed elsewhere. However, our data also suggested that habitat complexity may partially offset this negative interaction at some level by affording more niche space for partitioning and adding habitat capacity. If further research showed this pattern to exist more broadly, then protection and restoration of habitat complexity and diversity may play an important role in mediating the negative impacts of Brook Trout on Cutthroat Trout and potentially facilitating sympatry where Brook Trout eradication is not feasible. Resumen. La presencia de trucha de arroyo no nativa Salvelinus fontinalis suele reducir la persistencia a largo plazo de las poblaciones autóctonas de trucha degollada Oncorhynchus clarkii en el oeste de EE.UU. Sin embargo, hay casos en los que las dos especies han coexistido durante décadas, y se ha sugerido que condiciones saludables y diversas del hábitat de los arroyos facilitan la simpatría. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar cómo la diversidad del hábitat puede influir en las interacciones negativas entre la trucha de arroyo y la trucha degollada de Yellowstone O. c. bouvieri en la subcuenca de Goose Creek, en el oeste de EE.UU. Determinamos que ninguna de las dos especies fue abundante cuando se encontró en simpatría. La trucha degollada de Yellowstone se encontró en ocho de los 41 sitios muestreados, y fue simpátrica con la trucha de arroyo en cuatro sitios. La regresión por cuantiles mostró que la trucha de arroyo representó un factor limitante para la densidad de truchas degolladas de Yellowsto
摘要在美国西部，非本地布鲁克鳟鱼(Salvelinus fontinalis)经常减少本地克拉氏切喉鳟鱼(Oncorhynchus clarkii)种群的长期持久性。然而，在某些情况下，这两个物种共存了几十年，健康和多样化的溪流栖息地条件被认为有助于促进它们的共生。我们的目标是评估栖息地多样性在美国西部鹅溪亚盆地布鲁克鳟鱼和黄石切喉鳟鱼之间的负相互作用中如何相互作用。我们确定这两个物种在同栖时都不是丰富的。在41个采样点中有8个出现了黄石切喉鳟鱼，在4个地点与布鲁克鳟鱼是同域的。分位数回归结果显示，布鲁克鳟鱼是1岁及年龄较大的切喉鳟鱼密度(条/100m2)的限制因素。反映恶劣自然生境条件的较低的水深变化似乎也是一个限制因素。0岁的切喉鳟鱼在布鲁克鳟鱼的存在下也处于较差的身体状况。多元线性回归表明，不同大小的布鲁克鳟鱼对0岁切喉鳟鱼的身体状况有负向影响，覆盖物多样性对0岁切喉鳟鱼的身体状况有正向影响，但影响较小。溪鳟鱼似乎对鹅溪次盆地的黄石割喉鳟鱼的早期生活阶段产生了负面影响，类似于在其他地方观察到的负面影响。然而，我们的数据也表明，栖息地复杂性可能在一定程度上通过提供更多的生态位空间来划分和增加栖息地容量来部分抵消这种负相互作用。如果进一步的研究表明这种模式在更广泛的范围内存在，那么保护和恢复栖息地的复杂性和多样性可能在调解布鲁克鳟鱼对切喉鳟鱼的负面影响方面发挥重要作用，并可能在布鲁克鳟鱼无法根除的地方促进同域生态。Resumen。[1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1]在禁运期间，由于各种不同的原因而不是在不同的期限内共存，因此可以看到，在不同的条件下，可以通过hábitat . de . los . royos . la . simpatría进行处理。新目的:评价cómo la diversidad del hábitat在相互作用中对环境的影响。研究结果表明:黄石公园的生态环境影响是负面的，黄石公园的生态环境影响是负面的。确定的是，在所有的物种中，我们都可以看到encontró en simpatría。La trucha degollada de Yellowstone se encontró en ocho de los 41个景点，y fue simpátrica con La trucha de arroyo en cuatro景点。La regresión por cuantiles mostró que La trucha de arroyo representó unfactor limitante para La densidad de truchas degolladas de Yellowstone de edad uno o mayores (peces/100 m2)。Una reducida variación en la prodididad del aguagua reflejó malas condiones físicas del hábitat, factor que tamambisaman pareció ser limitante。Las truchas de edad cero ' s contrcontron en peor condición下士enencia de la trucha de arroyo。regresión线性múltiple mostró que La trucha de arroyo de todos los tamaños tuvieron uneffect to negative, mientras que, La diversidad de bertura, tuvieron uneffect to positive, pero menor, sobre La condición下士de La trucha degollada de edad cero。关于阿罗约的信息pareció关于影响的负面信息，关于黄石的信息，关于黄石的信息，关于鹅溪的信息，关于马纳拉的信息，关于影响的负面信息，关于其他情况的观察。在此之前，关于材料和材料交换的新数据(材料和材料交换的数据)- - - - - -特别补偿- - - interacción - - -关于材料和材料交换空间- - - añadiendo así - -能力的报告- - - hábitat。在卡索de, investigaciones未来mostraran,埃斯特赞助人se observa mas ampliamente,因此,la proteccion la restauracion de la complejidad y la diversidad del生境含量desempenar联合国papel重要En la mediacion de los impactos negativos de la trucha de阿罗约尤其la trucha degollada, y potencialmente facilitar la erradicacion de la trucha de la simpatria(厕所在哪里没有es factible阿罗约。
{"title":"Physical Habitat Complexity Partially Offsets the Negative Effect of Brook Trout on Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout in the Peripheral Goose Creek Subbasin","authors":"Daniel C. Dauwalter, Michael A. Baker, S. Baker, Richard Lee, John D. Walrath","doi":"10.3398/064.082.0403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3398/064.082.0403","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Nonnative Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis often reduce the long-term persistence of native Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii populations in the western United States. However, there are some instances where the 2 species have co-occurred for decades, and healthy and diverse stream habitat conditions have been suggested to facilitate sympatry. Our goal was to evaluate how habitat diversity may interplay in the negative interactions between Brook Trout and Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout O. c. bouvieri in the Goose Creek subbasin in the western United States. We determined that neither species was abundant when they occurred in sympatry. Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout were present at 8 of the 41 sites sampled, and they were sympatric with Brook Trout at 4 sites. Quantile regression revealed that Brook Trout represented a limiting factor for age-1 and older Cutthroat Trout density (fish/100m2). Lower variation in water depth reflecting poor physical habitat conditions also appeared to be a limiting factor. Age-0 Cutthroat Trout were also in poorer body condition in the presence of Brook Trout. Multiple linear regression showed Brook Trout of all sizes to have a negative effect, and diversity of cover elements a positive but lesser effect, on age-0 Cutthroat Trout body condition. Brook Trout appear to negatively influence the early life stages of Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout in the Goose Creek subbasin, similar to the negative impacts observed elsewhere. However, our data also suggested that habitat complexity may partially offset this negative interaction at some level by affording more niche space for partitioning and adding habitat capacity. If further research showed this pattern to exist more broadly, then protection and restoration of habitat complexity and diversity may play an important role in mediating the negative impacts of Brook Trout on Cutthroat Trout and potentially facilitating sympatry where Brook Trout eradication is not feasible. Resumen. La presencia de trucha de arroyo no nativa Salvelinus fontinalis suele reducir la persistencia a largo plazo de las poblaciones autóctonas de trucha degollada Oncorhynchus clarkii en el oeste de EE.UU. Sin embargo, hay casos en los que las dos especies han coexistido durante décadas, y se ha sugerido que condiciones saludables y diversas del hábitat de los arroyos facilitan la simpatría. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar cómo la diversidad del hábitat puede influir en las interacciones negativas entre la trucha de arroyo y la trucha degollada de Yellowstone O. c. bouvieri en la subcuenca de Goose Creek, en el oeste de EE.UU. Determinamos que ninguna de las dos especies fue abundante cuando se encontró en simpatría. La trucha degollada de Yellowstone se encontró en ocho de los 41 sitios muestreados, y fue simpátrica con la trucha de arroyo en cuatro sitios. La regresión por cuantiles mostró que la trucha de arroyo representó un factor limitante para la densidad de truchas degolladas de Yellowsto","PeriodicalId":49364,"journal":{"name":"Western North American Naturalist","volume":"102 1","pages":"660 - 676"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88125946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. A before-after control-impact (BACI) design was used to simultaneously evaluate how stream habitat, macroinvertebrate communities, stream temperatures, and riparian conditions responded to beavers building dams within a stream reach. Summarized conditions describing beaver-dammed and undammed stream reaches suggested that 13 of the 18 evaluated metrics differed. After accounting for beavers' selection of lower-gradient stream reaches with less forested cover, the number of stream and riparian metrics that differed significantly dropped to 5. Beaver dams increased pool area and depth, despite failing to increase the frequency of wood >10 cm in diameter. This suggests that beavers build dams utilizing pieces of wood smaller than most monitoring programs count. Changes in stream and riparian conditions due to beavers were insufficient to alter macroinvertebrate metrics commonly used to assess water quality. The presence of beaver dams in a reach was associated with less vegetative and woody cover along the stream's edge. The reduction of shrub cover and the presence of upstream beaver dams likely played a role in the small increases observed in water temperatures. The fact that beavers tended to build dams in reaches with elevated water tables may have minimized water temperature increases. Based on the beaver occupancy rate found in this study, changes in stream and riparian conditions due to new beaver dams should be expected in 5% to 15% of the stream reaches similar to those in this study over the next 2 decades. An increasing number of beavers occupying stream reaches represents an important passive restoration approach that will improve the quality of aquatic systems on public lands. Resumen. Se utilizó el diseño experimental “before-after control-impact” (BACI, por sus siglas en inglés) para evaluar simultáneamente cómo el hábitat del arroyo, las comunidades de macroinvertebrados, la temperatura del arroyo y las condiciones ribereñas respondieron a la construcción de presas por parte de los castores dentro de un tramo del arroyo. El resumen de las condiciones que describen los tramos de arroyo con represas de castores y sin represas, sugirieron que 13 de las 18 métricas evaluadas difirieron. Después de tener en cuenta la selección de los castores de tramos de arroyo de menor pendiente y con menos cobertura forestal, el número de parámetros de arroyo y ribera que diferían significativamente se redujo a cinco. Las presas de los castores aumentaron el área y la profundidad de las charcas, a pesar de no aumentar la frecuencia de madera de más de 10 cm de diámetro. Esto sugiere que los castores utilizan en sus presas trozos de madera más pequeños de lo que estiman la mayoría de los programas de monitoreo. Los cambios en las condiciones del arroyo y de la ribera ocasionados por la presencia de castores fueron insuficientes para alterar las métricas de macroinvertebrados utilizadas habitualmente para evaluar la calidad del agua. La existen
摘要采用前后控制影响(BACI)设计，同时评估河流栖息地、大型无脊椎动物群落、河流温度和河岸条件对河狸在河流范围内修建水坝的反应。概述了海狸坝和无水坝河流的条件，表明18个评估指标中有13个不同。考虑到河狸对低梯度河段和较少森林覆盖的选择，差异显著的河流和河岸指标数量下降到5个。海狸坝增加了池的面积和深度，尽管未能增加直径>10厘米的木材的频率。这表明海狸建造水坝所用的木头比大多数监测程序计算的要小。海狸造成的溪流和河岸条件的变化不足以改变通常用于评估水质的大型无脊椎动物指标。河段中海狸坝的存在与河流边缘较少的植被和树木覆盖有关。灌木覆盖的减少和上游海狸坝的存在可能是水温小幅上升的原因。事实上，海狸倾向于在地下水位较高的地区建造水坝，这可能会使水温的上升降到最低。根据本研究中发现的海狸占用率，预计在未来20年里，由于新的海狸水坝，河流和河岸条件的变化将在5%到15%的河流达到类似于本研究的水平。越来越多的海狸占据河流流域，这是一种重要的被动恢复方法，将提高公共土地上水生系统的质量。Resumen。参见utilizó el diseño试验性的“前后控制-影响”(BACI, psus siglas en inglsamos) para evaluesimultáneamente cómo el hábitat del arroyo，宏观无脊椎动物的通讯，温度模型和条件模型ribereñas respondieron和la construcción de presas por partite de los castores dentro de un tramo del arroyo。在报告中，有一项条件描述了三个月前的情况，即:1年以前的情况，1年以前的情况，1年以前的情况，1年以前的情况。1 .在下列情况下，通过下列方式获得:(número)在下列情况下获得:(parámetros)在下列情况下获得:(diferían)在下列情况下获得:(1)在下列情况下获得:(1)在下列情况下获得:(1)在下列情况下获得:(1)在下列情况下获得:(1)在下列情况下获得:(1)在下列情况下获得:(1)在下列情况下获得:(1)在下列情况下获得:(1)在下列情况下获得:(1)Las presas de los castores auentaron el área y la profundidad de Las charcas, a pesar de auentores frecucia de madera de más de 10 cm de diámetro。我们将收集收集到的数据，并将收集到的数据汇总到数据中心más pequeños收集到的数据汇总到数据中心mayoría收集到的数据汇总到数据中心。洛卡:在拉斯维加斯的身体del阿罗约y de la ribera ocasionados关于presencia de castor fueron insuficientes对位alterar las metricas de macroinvertebrados utilizadas habitualmente对位evaluar calidad del阿瓜。La existencia de presas de castores en untramo se asoció conuna menor cobertura vegetal y leñosa a lo largo del del del royo。La reducción de La cobertura de arbustos通过La presencia de presas de castores, conconoriente，可能的影响，在los pequeños aumentos observados en La temperatura del agua。El hecho de que los castores tendieran a conconveles freáticos elevados podría haber minimizado El aumento de la temperatura del agua。在这里输入一个类似的信息，例如ocupación在这里输入一个数据，例如encontró在这里输入一个数据，在这里输入一个数据，例如deberían在这里输入一个数据，在这里输入一个数据，在这里输入一个数据，在这里输入一个数据，在这里输入一个数据，在这里输入一个数据，在这里输入一个数据，在这里输入一个数据，在这里输入一个数据。El creciente número de castores que ococos de arroyos代表不重要的enfoque restauración pasiviva que mejorarar la calidad de los sistemas acuáticos en los terenos públicos。
{"title":"Effects of Beaver Dams on Stream and Riparian Conditions on Public Lands in the United States' Inland Northwest","authors":"B. Roper","doi":"10.3398/064.082.0402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3398/064.082.0402","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. A before-after control-impact (BACI) design was used to simultaneously evaluate how stream habitat, macroinvertebrate communities, stream temperatures, and riparian conditions responded to beavers building dams within a stream reach. Summarized conditions describing beaver-dammed and undammed stream reaches suggested that 13 of the 18 evaluated metrics differed. After accounting for beavers' selection of lower-gradient stream reaches with less forested cover, the number of stream and riparian metrics that differed significantly dropped to 5. Beaver dams increased pool area and depth, despite failing to increase the frequency of wood >10 cm in diameter. This suggests that beavers build dams utilizing pieces of wood smaller than most monitoring programs count. Changes in stream and riparian conditions due to beavers were insufficient to alter macroinvertebrate metrics commonly used to assess water quality. The presence of beaver dams in a reach was associated with less vegetative and woody cover along the stream's edge. The reduction of shrub cover and the presence of upstream beaver dams likely played a role in the small increases observed in water temperatures. The fact that beavers tended to build dams in reaches with elevated water tables may have minimized water temperature increases. Based on the beaver occupancy rate found in this study, changes in stream and riparian conditions due to new beaver dams should be expected in 5% to 15% of the stream reaches similar to those in this study over the next 2 decades. An increasing number of beavers occupying stream reaches represents an important passive restoration approach that will improve the quality of aquatic systems on public lands. Resumen. Se utilizó el diseño experimental “before-after control-impact” (BACI, por sus siglas en inglés) para evaluar simultáneamente cómo el hábitat del arroyo, las comunidades de macroinvertebrados, la temperatura del arroyo y las condiciones ribereñas respondieron a la construcción de presas por parte de los castores dentro de un tramo del arroyo. El resumen de las condiciones que describen los tramos de arroyo con represas de castores y sin represas, sugirieron que 13 de las 18 métricas evaluadas difirieron. Después de tener en cuenta la selección de los castores de tramos de arroyo de menor pendiente y con menos cobertura forestal, el número de parámetros de arroyo y ribera que diferían significativamente se redujo a cinco. Las presas de los castores aumentaron el área y la profundidad de las charcas, a pesar de no aumentar la frecuencia de madera de más de 10 cm de diámetro. Esto sugiere que los castores utilizan en sus presas trozos de madera más pequeños de lo que estiman la mayoría de los programas de monitoreo. Los cambios en las condiciones del arroyo y de la ribera ocasionados por la presencia de castores fueron insuficientes para alterar las métricas de macroinvertebrados utilizadas habitualmente para evaluar la calidad del agua. La existen","PeriodicalId":49364,"journal":{"name":"Western North American Naturalist","volume":"80 1","pages":"638 - 659"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88589774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Lawrence, Cindy Matuch, Jacquelyn J. Hancock, A. Rypel, Laura A. Eliassen
Abstract. Effects of wildfire and subsequent hydric erosion on freshwater communities are of increasing interest. While freshwater biodiversity is in a global state of decline, examples of climate-driven wildfire impacts to freshwater mussel populations are especially limited. We discovered a population of native floater mussels (Anodonta californiensis/nuttalliana), documented fish species, and recorded data on river substrate characteristics before and after an influx of wildfire runoff in Monterey County, California, USA. Pre-wildfire runoff surveys documented robust and naturally reproducing populations of mussels and 3 species of native fishes (Monterey sucker, Catostomus occidentalis mnioltiltus; Monterey roach, Lavinia symmetricus subditus; and Sacramento pikeminnow, Ptychocheilus grandis). Post-wildfire, we did not detect live mussels using visual, tactile, and environmental DNA; and live fish observations included only Monterey roach and speckled dace (Rhinichthys osculus). River substrates shifted to sand, and thalweg depth decreased from 1.77 m to only 0.2 m. The potential for future extreme wildfire runoff to impact aquatic systems, and freshwater mussels specifically, should be more broadly evaluated. Increasing duration and severity of wildfire seasons in particular appear to be major future and additional challenges to freshwater mussels and ecosystems worldwide. Resumen. Los efectos de los incendios forestales y la subsecuente erosión hídrica en las comunidades de agua dulce son de creciente interés. Mientras la biodiversidad de agua dulce se encuentra en un estado global de declive, los ejemplos del impacto de los incendios forestales provocados por el clima en las poblaciones de mejillones de agua dulce son especialmente limitados. Descubrimos una población de mejillones flotantes nativos (Anodonta californiensis/nuttalliana), documentamos especies de peces y registramos datos acerca de las características del sustrato del río antes y después de una afluencia de escorrentía de incendios forestales en el condado de Monterey, California, EE. UU. Los estudios realizados antes de la escorrentía de incendios forestales documentaron poblaciones robustas de mejillones que se reproducían de forma natural y tres especies de peces autóctonos (Monterey sucker, Catostomus occidentalis mnioltiltus; Monterey roach, Lavinia symmetricus subditus; y el Sacramento pikeminnow, Ptychocheilus grandis). Posteriormente a los incendios forestales, no detectamos mejillones vivos y sólo observamos Monterey roach y speckled dace (Rhinichthys osculus). Los sustratos fluviales pasaron a ser arenosos y la profundidad del talud disminuyó de 1.77 m a sólo 0.2 m. El potencial de que futuras escorrentías extremas, producto de incendios forestales afecten a los sistemas acuáticos, específicamente a los mejillones de agua dulce, debe ser evaluado a mayor profundidad. El aumento de la duración y la gravedad de las temporadas de incendios forestales, en particular,
摘要野火和随后的水化侵蚀对淡水群落的影响日益引起人们的兴趣。虽然淡水生物多样性正处于全球下降状态，但气候驱动的野火对淡水贻贝种群影响的例子尤其有限。我们在美国加利福尼亚州蒙特利县发现了一个本地浮游贻贝种群(Anodonta California ensis/nuttalliana)，记录了鱼类种类，并记录了野火径流涌入前后河流底质特征的数据。野火发生前的径流调查记录了贻贝和3种本地鱼类(蒙特利吸盘、西鲱;蒙特雷蟑螂，拉维尼亚对称蟑螂;和萨克拉门托大鼠(Ptychocheilus grandis)野火发生后，我们没有使用视觉、触觉和环境DNA检测活贻贝;观察到的活鱼仅包括蒙特利蟑螂和斑点鱼。河底向沙质转移，河堤深度从1.77 m减少到仅0.2 m。应该更广泛地评估未来极端野火径流对水生系统，特别是淡水贻贝的影响。特别是野火季节持续时间和严重程度的增加似乎是淡水贻贝和全球生态系统未来面临的主要挑战。Resumen。在随后的erosión hídrica中，在与其他组织的交流中，在与其他组织的交流中，在与其他组织的交流中，损失的影响是预先确定的。生物多样性和生物多样性对全球气候变化的影响，对气候变化的影响，对气候变化的影响，对气候变化的影响，对气候变化的影响，对气候变化的影响，对气候变化的影响，特别是对气候变化的限制。1 .加利福尼亚梭鲈/胡桃鲈，加利福尼亚梭鲈/胡桃鲈，加利福尼亚梭鲈/胡桃鲈，加利福尼亚梭鲈/胡桃鲈，加利福尼亚梭鲈/胡桃鲈，加利福尼亚梭鲈/胡桃鲈，加利福尼亚梭鲈/胡桃鲈/加利福尼亚梭鲈/胡桃鲈/加利福尼亚梭鲈/胡桃鲈/加利福尼亚梭鲈/胡桃鲈/加利福尼亚梭鲈/胡桃鲈/加利福尼亚梭鲈/胡桃鲈/加利福尼亚梭鲈/胡桃鲈/加利福尼亚梭鲈/胡桃鲈/加利福尼亚梭鲈/胡桃鲈/加利福尼亚梭鲈/胡桃鲈/加利福尼亚梭鲈/胡桃鲈/加利福尼亚梭鲈/胡桃鲈/加利福尼亚梭鲈/胡桃鲈/加利福尼亚梭鲈/胡桃鲈/加利福尼亚蒙特雷梭鲈/胡桃鲈/加利福尼亚蒙特雷梭鲈/胡桃鲈/加利福尼亚蒙特雷梭鲈。UU。Los studios realizados antes de la escorrentía de incendios forestens documentaron blblaciones robustas de mejillones que se reproducían de formnatural y trees speciies de peces autóctonos (Monterey sucker, Catostomus occidentalis mnioltiltus;蒙特雷蟑螂，拉维尼亚对称蟑螂;(el Sacramento pikminnow, Ptychocheilus grandis)。观察到蒙特雷蟑螂的斑点鱼(Rhinichthys osculus)。Los sustratos fluviales pasaron是由一个深度的del talud disminuyó 1.77 m和sólo 0.2 m组成的。El potential de que futuras escorrentías extremas, producto de incendios forestales影响一个los sistemas acuáticos, específicamente和los mejillones de aguagudulce, debe ser evaluado a mayor profdididad。特别要指出的是，《森林保护条例duración》、《森林保护条例》、《森林保护条例podrían》、《森林保护条例desafíos》、《森林保护条例》、《森林保护条例》、《森林保护条例》、《森林保护条例》、《森林保护条例》、《世界保护条例》等。
{"title":"Potential Local Extirpation of an Imperiled Freshwater Mussel Population from Wildfire Runoff","authors":"A. Lawrence, Cindy Matuch, Jacquelyn J. Hancock, A. Rypel, Laura A. Eliassen","doi":"10.3398/064.082.0405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3398/064.082.0405","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Effects of wildfire and subsequent hydric erosion on freshwater communities are of increasing interest. While freshwater biodiversity is in a global state of decline, examples of climate-driven wildfire impacts to freshwater mussel populations are especially limited. We discovered a population of native floater mussels (Anodonta californiensis/nuttalliana), documented fish species, and recorded data on river substrate characteristics before and after an influx of wildfire runoff in Monterey County, California, USA. Pre-wildfire runoff surveys documented robust and naturally reproducing populations of mussels and 3 species of native fishes (Monterey sucker, Catostomus occidentalis mnioltiltus; Monterey roach, Lavinia symmetricus subditus; and Sacramento pikeminnow, Ptychocheilus grandis). Post-wildfire, we did not detect live mussels using visual, tactile, and environmental DNA; and live fish observations included only Monterey roach and speckled dace (Rhinichthys osculus). River substrates shifted to sand, and thalweg depth decreased from 1.77 m to only 0.2 m. The potential for future extreme wildfire runoff to impact aquatic systems, and freshwater mussels specifically, should be more broadly evaluated. Increasing duration and severity of wildfire seasons in particular appear to be major future and additional challenges to freshwater mussels and ecosystems worldwide. Resumen. Los efectos de los incendios forestales y la subsecuente erosión hídrica en las comunidades de agua dulce son de creciente interés. Mientras la biodiversidad de agua dulce se encuentra en un estado global de declive, los ejemplos del impacto de los incendios forestales provocados por el clima en las poblaciones de mejillones de agua dulce son especialmente limitados. Descubrimos una población de mejillones flotantes nativos (Anodonta californiensis/nuttalliana), documentamos especies de peces y registramos datos acerca de las características del sustrato del río antes y después de una afluencia de escorrentía de incendios forestales en el condado de Monterey, California, EE. UU. Los estudios realizados antes de la escorrentía de incendios forestales documentaron poblaciones robustas de mejillones que se reproducían de forma natural y tres especies de peces autóctonos (Monterey sucker, Catostomus occidentalis mnioltiltus; Monterey roach, Lavinia symmetricus subditus; y el Sacramento pikeminnow, Ptychocheilus grandis). Posteriormente a los incendios forestales, no detectamos mejillones vivos y sólo observamos Monterey roach y speckled dace (Rhinichthys osculus). Los sustratos fluviales pasaron a ser arenosos y la profundidad del talud disminuyó de 1.77 m a sólo 0.2 m. El potencial de que futuras escorrentías extremas, producto de incendios forestales afecten a los sistemas acuáticos, específicamente a los mejillones de agua dulce, debe ser evaluado a mayor profundidad. El aumento de la duración y la gravedad de las temporadas de incendios forestales, en particular, ","PeriodicalId":49364,"journal":{"name":"Western North American Naturalist","volume":"23 1","pages":"695 - 703"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82807620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. López-González, D. García-Mendoza, Teresa Salas-H
Abstract. The Jesús María River basin in the state of Nayarit, Mexico, is located at the intersection of Nearctic and Neotropical regions in the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO) in western Mexico. Because of its biological importance, the basin is considered a terrestrial priority region (RTP-059) by CONABIO, the institution responsible for inventorying Mexican biodiversity. Several vegetation types occur in this relatively small area (cloud and tropical forests, conifer forests, subtropical scrub). However, the area has been undersampled because of its difficult access and topographic complexity. Based on our own collections, review of museum specimens, and literature records, we recorded 92 species at 10 major sites throughout the basin. Twenty-three species are endemic to Mexico, 9 of which are endemic to the SMO. Six species were recorded for the first time in the state of Nayarit, and 2 in the state of Jalisco. These findings increased the species count for the SMO of Nayarit by 17 species. Turnover rate was high throughout the region. The number of endemisms of RTP-059 equals or surpasses that of most megadiverse protected areas in Mexico, and this area is likely to be a center of origin for several taxa. No protected areas exist within RTP-059 because its social and natural complexity makes it difficult to establish effective conservation strategies. Resumen. La cuenca del Río Jesús María, en el estado de Nayarit, México, se localiza en la intersección entre las regiones biogeográficas Neártica y Neotropical en la Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO), en el oeste de México. Debido a su importancia biológica, es considerada como región terrestre prioritaria (RTP-059) por CONABIO, la institución encargada del inventario de la biodiversidad en México. Varios tipos de vegetación ocurren en esta área relativamente pequeña (bosques de niebla, bosques tropicales y de coníferas, y matorral subtropical). Sin embargo, el área ha sido poco muestreada debido a su difícil acceso y complejidad topográfica. Con base en nuestras colectas, revisión de ejemplares de museo, y registros bibliográficos, documentamos 92 especies en 10 sitios distribuidos en la cuenca. Veintitrés especies son endémicas de México, de las cuales 9 lo son de la SMO. Se registraron por primera vez para Nayarit 6 especies, así como 2 para el estado de Jalisco. Se incrementó el inventario de mamíferos para la SMO de Nayarit en 17 especies. La tasa de recambio fue alta en toda la cuenca. El número de endemismos para esta región es igual o mayor que el de la mayoría de las áreas protegidas megadiversas en México, y es probablemente el centro de origen de numerosos taxa. No existen áreas protegidas dentro de RTP-059, y su complejidad natural y social hacen difícil la implementación de estrategias efectivas de conservación.
摘要墨西哥纳亚里特州的Jesús María河流域位于墨西哥西部西马德雷山脉(Sierra Madre Occidental, SMO)的新北极和新热带地区的交汇处。由于其生物重要性，该盆地被CONABIO认为是陆地优先区域(RTP-059)，该机构负责墨西哥生物多样性的清查。在这个相对较小的地区有几种植被类型(云林和热带森林、针叶林、亚热带灌丛)。然而，由于难以进入和地形复杂，该地区的采样不足。根据我们自己的收藏、对博物馆标本的回顾和文献记录，我们在整个盆地的10个主要地点记录了92个物种。23种是墨西哥特有的，其中9种是SMO特有的。纳亚里特州首次记录到6种，哈利斯科州首次记录到2种。这些发现使纳亚里特SMO的物种数量增加了17种。整个地区的离职率都很高。RTP-059特有物种的数量等于或超过了墨西哥大多数巨型多样性保护区的数量，该地区可能是几个分类群的起源中心。由于RTP-059的社会和自然复杂性，很难建立有效的保护策略，因此在RTP-059内不存在保护区。Resumen。国家卫生组织Río Jesús María、国家卫生组织纳亚里特国家卫生组织、国家卫生组织、国家卫生组织intersección、国家卫生组织biogeográficas Neártica、国家卫生组织和国家卫生组织。Debido是非常重要的biológica，我们考虑到土地优先事项(RTP-059)，以及CONABIO, la institución生物多样性目录和mmacxico。各种tipos de vegetación发生en esta área relativamente pequeña(热带boques de niebla，热带boques y de coníferas，亚热带自然)。在禁运期间，el área，该sido poco必须通过一个debiddo和su difícil访问complejidad topográfica。Con base en nuestras collectas, revisión de ejemplares de museo, y registros bibliográficos，记录了92个品种，10个地点的分布。venintrimicans包括endendsamicas de msamicos, de las cuales和de la SMO。6个品种，así como 2 para el estado de Jalisco。参见incrementó el inventario de mamíferos para la SMO de Nayarit en 17个物种。La tasa de reambio fue alta在今天的会议上。El número de endemismos para esta región与msamicxico的de mayoría de las áreas protegidas megadiversas en msamicxico相同，这可能是El centro de origen de mererosos分类群。不存在áreas protegidas dentro de RTP-059，通过复杂的自然和社会事件difícil la implementación de strategias effective de conservación。
{"title":"Mammals of the Jesús María River Basin, Western Mexico: Alpha and Beta Diversity in an Area of High Environmental Heterogeneity","authors":"C. López-González, D. García-Mendoza, Teresa Salas-H","doi":"10.3398/064.082.0404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3398/064.082.0404","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The Jesús María River basin in the state of Nayarit, Mexico, is located at the intersection of Nearctic and Neotropical regions in the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO) in western Mexico. Because of its biological importance, the basin is considered a terrestrial priority region (RTP-059) by CONABIO, the institution responsible for inventorying Mexican biodiversity. Several vegetation types occur in this relatively small area (cloud and tropical forests, conifer forests, subtropical scrub). However, the area has been undersampled because of its difficult access and topographic complexity. Based on our own collections, review of museum specimens, and literature records, we recorded 92 species at 10 major sites throughout the basin. Twenty-three species are endemic to Mexico, 9 of which are endemic to the SMO. Six species were recorded for the first time in the state of Nayarit, and 2 in the state of Jalisco. These findings increased the species count for the SMO of Nayarit by 17 species. Turnover rate was high throughout the region. The number of endemisms of RTP-059 equals or surpasses that of most megadiverse protected areas in Mexico, and this area is likely to be a center of origin for several taxa. No protected areas exist within RTP-059 because its social and natural complexity makes it difficult to establish effective conservation strategies. Resumen. La cuenca del Río Jesús María, en el estado de Nayarit, México, se localiza en la intersección entre las regiones biogeográficas Neártica y Neotropical en la Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO), en el oeste de México. Debido a su importancia biológica, es considerada como región terrestre prioritaria (RTP-059) por CONABIO, la institución encargada del inventario de la biodiversidad en México. Varios tipos de vegetación ocurren en esta área relativamente pequeña (bosques de niebla, bosques tropicales y de coníferas, y matorral subtropical). Sin embargo, el área ha sido poco muestreada debido a su difícil acceso y complejidad topográfica. Con base en nuestras colectas, revisión de ejemplares de museo, y registros bibliográficos, documentamos 92 especies en 10 sitios distribuidos en la cuenca. Veintitrés especies son endémicas de México, de las cuales 9 lo son de la SMO. Se registraron por primera vez para Nayarit 6 especies, así como 2 para el estado de Jalisco. Se incrementó el inventario de mamíferos para la SMO de Nayarit en 17 especies. La tasa de recambio fue alta en toda la cuenca. El número de endemismos para esta región es igual o mayor que el de la mayoría de las áreas protegidas megadiversas en México, y es probablemente el centro de origen de numerosos taxa. No existen áreas protegidas dentro de RTP-059, y su complejidad natural y social hacen difícil la implementación de estrategias efectivas de conservación.","PeriodicalId":49364,"journal":{"name":"Western North American Naturalist","volume":"44 1","pages":"677 - 694"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77429651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dr. Robert Kingston Vickery, Jr., emeritus professor in the School of Biological Sciences of the University of Utah, passed away at age 99 on 20 July 2022 in Salt Lake City with his wife of 71 years, Marcia Hoak Vickery, in attendance. His life was filled with adventure, accomplishment, and love. He was born in Saratoga, California, to Robert Kingston Vickery, Sr., and Ruth Bacon Vickery on 18 September 1922—the oldest child and only son; he had 2 younger sisters, Mary and Ruth. Bob started school in Europe, with stops in England, France, and Italy, where his father was assigned to grow Cal Spray, the company he worked for. When Bob was in first grade at a Montessori-type school in Rome, he showed an early love for plants by growing flowers, vegetables, and other plants in a planter box, rather than tending to more traditional subjects. Returning to the Bay Area of California when he was 7, Bob completed primary and secondary schools and entered college at Stanford, with a class or two at University of California, Berkeley. He emphasized architecture, science, and engineering. When World War II intervened, Bob enlisted in the U.S. Army Air Corps, where he was trained in meteorology and communications, was commissioned as a 2nd lieutenant, and received an A.B. degree in civil engineering (February 1944) from Stanford, with his Air Corps training contributing to the graduation requirements. After some brief stateside postings, he was sent to Hickam Field in Hawaii in the Army Airways Communication System, and then as a new 1st lieutenant to Iwo Jima, where from his arriving ship he saw the raising of the Stars and Stripes on Mt. Suribachi. He was the officer in charge of control towers on Iwo Jima, and he built the first one out of scrap materials. At the end of the war, he came home on a stretcher as a victim of tuberculosis and spent a year recovering in hospitals and at home, during which time he decided to do experimental work with plants as a career. To that end he enrolled at Stanford and completed an M.A. (1948) in which he studied roadside plantings. He then undertook a Ph.D. (1952) at Stanford as well. His dualmajor professors for his doctorate were Dr. Ira L. Wiggins (e.g, see Shreve and Wiggins 1964, Wiggins 1980, and Wiggins and Porter 1971), a renowned classical plant taxonomist, and Dr. Jens C. Clausen (e.g., see Clausen 1951), a pioneering Danish American genecologist with appointments at both the Carnegie Institution of Science and Stanford University. Bob learned a great deal from both of them and other faculty. It turns out that just prior to Bob’s graduate studies, an international group of geneticists met at Carnegie Mather Field Station in the Sierra Nevada and attempted to identify a plant species that could serve as an interdisciplinary experimental organism in genetic studies, much as the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) had served as an animal model. The group suggested that the monkeyflower Western North American Natura
{"title":"Robert Kingston Vickery, Jr.—In Memoriam","authors":"E. Mcarthur","doi":"10.3398/064.082.0318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3398/064.082.0318","url":null,"abstract":"Dr. Robert Kingston Vickery, Jr., emeritus professor in the School of Biological Sciences of the University of Utah, passed away at age 99 on 20 July 2022 in Salt Lake City with his wife of 71 years, Marcia Hoak Vickery, in attendance. His life was filled with adventure, accomplishment, and love. He was born in Saratoga, California, to Robert Kingston Vickery, Sr., and Ruth Bacon Vickery on 18 September 1922—the oldest child and only son; he had 2 younger sisters, Mary and Ruth. Bob started school in Europe, with stops in England, France, and Italy, where his father was assigned to grow Cal Spray, the company he worked for. When Bob was in first grade at a Montessori-type school in Rome, he showed an early love for plants by growing flowers, vegetables, and other plants in a planter box, rather than tending to more traditional subjects. Returning to the Bay Area of California when he was 7, Bob completed primary and secondary schools and entered college at Stanford, with a class or two at University of California, Berkeley. He emphasized architecture, science, and engineering. When World War II intervened, Bob enlisted in the U.S. Army Air Corps, where he was trained in meteorology and communications, was commissioned as a 2nd lieutenant, and received an A.B. degree in civil engineering (February 1944) from Stanford, with his Air Corps training contributing to the graduation requirements. After some brief stateside postings, he was sent to Hickam Field in Hawaii in the Army Airways Communication System, and then as a new 1st lieutenant to Iwo Jima, where from his arriving ship he saw the raising of the Stars and Stripes on Mt. Suribachi. He was the officer in charge of control towers on Iwo Jima, and he built the first one out of scrap materials. At the end of the war, he came home on a stretcher as a victim of tuberculosis and spent a year recovering in hospitals and at home, during which time he decided to do experimental work with plants as a career. To that end he enrolled at Stanford and completed an M.A. (1948) in which he studied roadside plantings. He then undertook a Ph.D. (1952) at Stanford as well. His dualmajor professors for his doctorate were Dr. Ira L. Wiggins (e.g, see Shreve and Wiggins 1964, Wiggins 1980, and Wiggins and Porter 1971), a renowned classical plant taxonomist, and Dr. Jens C. Clausen (e.g., see Clausen 1951), a pioneering Danish American genecologist with appointments at both the Carnegie Institution of Science and Stanford University. Bob learned a great deal from both of them and other faculty. It turns out that just prior to Bob’s graduate studies, an international group of geneticists met at Carnegie Mather Field Station in the Sierra Nevada and attempted to identify a plant species that could serve as an interdisciplinary experimental organism in genetic studies, much as the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) had served as an animal model. The group suggested that the monkeyflower Western North American Natura","PeriodicalId":49364,"journal":{"name":"Western North American Naturalist","volume":"256 1","pages":"616 - 624"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75096797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Erratum: “A molecular taxonomy of Cottus in western North America” (2022)","authors":"","doi":"10.3398/064.082.0319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3398/064.082.0319","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49364,"journal":{"name":"Western North American Naturalist","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78078574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. S. Sidhu, G. Lozano, M. C. Miner, Emily R. Howe, E. Wilson-Rankin
Abstract. Understanding the pollination requirements of threatened species is critical for the success of long-term conservation strategies. In a series of greenhouse experiments, we assessed the effects of different pollination treatments, including autogamy, facilitated autogamy, and cross-pollination on fruit and seed set for 2 generations of a rare island endemic plant. Santa Cruz Island rockcress, Sibara filifolia (Brassicaceae), is a rare, endangered annual herb that is endemic to the California Channel Islands. While efforts are underway to monitor and conserve this rare plant species, little is known about its pollination biology. We quantified the index of self-compatibility and multiplicative fitness. We also assessed how maternal plant treatment influenced seed germination and seedling survival rates. While S. filifolia is fully self-compatible, we demonstrate that facilitated pollination and outcrossing treatments positively affected all measures of reproductive output and fitness in first-generation plants. Metrics of predispersal fitness (e.g., fruit set and seed production) in the F2 generation also increased significantly in response to facilitated pollination and outcrossing. While our data suggest that S. filifolia fecundity increases with outcrossing, we observed lower fitness benefits of facilitated autogamy and outcrossing on the production of F2 seeds. This highlights the difficulty in providing specific recommendations when the consequences of outbreeding may not be detectable until later generations. More study is required to confirm that multiple generations of interpopulation gene flow can effectively improve population viability and decrease genetic erosion. Resumen. Comprender los requisitos de polinización de las especies amenazadas es fundamental para alcanzar el éxito en las estrategias de conservación a largo plazo. En una serie de experimentos en invernadero, evaluamos los efectos de diferentes tratamientos de polinización, incluyendo autogamia, autogamia facilitada y polinización cruzada, en la producción de frutos y semillas durante 2 generaciones de una planta endémica rara de la isla. El berro de roca de la isla de Santa Cruz, Sibara filifolia (Brassicaceae), es una hierba anual escasa y en peligro de extinción que es endémica de las Islas del Canal (Channel Islands) de California. Aunque se está intentando monitorear y conservar esta especie vegetal poco común, se sabe poco acerca de su biología de polinización. Cuantificamos el índice de autocompatibilidad y adecuación multiplicativa. También, evaluamos cómo el tratamiento de la planta materna influyó en la germinación de las semillas y en las tasas de supervivencia de las plántulas. Si bien S. filifolia es totalmente autocompatible, demostramos que los tratamientos de polinización facilitada y entrecruzamiento afectaron positivamente a todas las medidas de rendimiento reproductivo y de adecuación de las plantas de primera generación. Las medidas de adecuaci
摘要了解受威胁物种的传粉需求对长期保护策略的成功至关重要。通过一系列温室试验，研究了自交、促交和异花授粉对一种珍稀海岛特有植物2代果实和结实率的影响。圣克鲁斯岛岩菜，西巴拉filifolia(芸苔科)，是一种罕见的，濒危的一年生草本植物，是加州海峡群岛特有的。虽然人们正在努力监测和保护这种稀有植物物种，但对其授粉生物学知之甚少。量化了自亲和性指标和乘法适应度指标。我们还评估了母株处理对种子萌发和幼苗存活率的影响。虽然金丝兰是完全自交的，但我们证明了促进授粉和异交处理对第一代植物的生殖输出和适合度的所有指标都有积极影响。在授粉和异交的促进下，F2代的传播前适应性指标(如坐果和种子产量)也显著增加。虽然我们的数据表明，异交增加了小黄花的繁殖力，但我们观察到，促进自交和异交对F2种子产生的适应度效益较低。这突出了在近亲繁殖的后果可能直到后代才发现的情况下，提供具体建议的困难。多代种群间基因流动能有效提高种群生存能力，减少遗传侵蚀，这一点还有待进一步研究证实。Resumen。综合条件要求:1 . polinización 1 .特殊条件要求:1 .基本条件要求:conservación 1 .大型广场的战略要求:对不同处理方式(polinización)的损失效应进行了评价，包括polinización cruzada的自雌虫、设施自雌虫、polinización cruzada的植物自雌虫、2代植物自雌虫和isla的自雌虫。圣克鲁斯岛，西巴拉filifolia(芸苔科)，在加利福尼亚运河岛(海峡群岛)，每年都要进行一次调查。珍稀珍稀物种有意监测珍稀物种，特别是植物物种común，珍稀物种物种biología de polinización。通过adecuación相乘，定量分析了índice de自兼容。tamamacyn, evaluamos cómo el tratamiento de la planta materna influyó en la germinación de las semillas y en las tasas de supervencia de las plántulas。研究结果表明，黄花楸属植物具有完全的自亲和性，具有完全的自亲和性，具有完全的亲和性，具有完全的亲和性，具有亲和性，具有亲和性，具有亲和性，具有亲和性，具有亲和性，具有亲和性，具有亲和性，具有亲和性，具有亲和性，具有亲和性，具有亲和性。Las medidas de adecuación pre-dispersión(贫穷的工人，producción de frutos y semillas) en la generación 2 . tamamicasten的重要意义是，在调查中获得了一个重要的信息，并获得了一个重要的信息(polinización facilitada)。Mientras que, nuestros datos(数据)，(数据)，(数据)，(数据)，(数据)，(数据)，(数据)，(数据)，(数据)，(数据)，(数据)，(数据)，(数据)，(数据)，(数据)。因此，我们很难按比例建议:específicas请按顺序建议:podrían请按顺序建议:podrían请按顺序建议:podrían请按顺序建议:1 .有必要más通过研究确定múltiples遗传变异与遗传变异之间的关系，以确定遗传变异与遗传变异的有效性población与遗传变异与遗传变异之间的关系。
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Silvia S. Zalapa, S. Guerrero-Vázquez, C. Sánchez-Hernández, J. MORALES-MALACARA, G. Castaño-Meneses, J. Navarrete-Heredia, David Ávila-Figueroa, Francisco Javier Padilla-Ramírez
Abstract. Lesions of the pinnae of captive bats are common, but there are few reports for free-living bats. In those reports, causal agents of the lesions were attributed to mites, fungus, or a combination of factors, but specific information regarding pinna lesions is generally lacking. This is the first report in Mexico of pinna lesions, associated mites, and histopathological findings for 2 species of free-living bats: the Jamaican fruit-eating bat (Artibeus jamaicensis) and the Honduran yellow-shouldered bat (Sturnira hondurensis). Resumen. Reportes de lesiones en las pinas de murciélagos en cautiverio son comunes, pero hay pocos para murciélagos de vida libre. Aunque se han atribuido a agentes causales como ácaros, hongos o una combinación de factores, información específica sobre las causas que afectan las pinas es escasa. Este es el primer reporte en México de lesiones en pinas, ácaros asociados y hallazgos histopatológicos, para el murciélago frugívoro de Jamaica (Artibeus jamaicensis) y el murciélago de hombros amarillos de Honduras (Sturnira hondurensis) en vida libre.
{"title":"Necrotic Lesions and Associated Mites of the Pinnae of Free-Living Bats Artibeus jamaicensis and Sturnira hondurensis from Mexico","authors":"Silvia S. Zalapa, S. Guerrero-Vázquez, C. Sánchez-Hernández, J. MORALES-MALACARA, G. Castaño-Meneses, J. Navarrete-Heredia, David Ávila-Figueroa, Francisco Javier Padilla-Ramírez","doi":"10.3398/064.082.0411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3398/064.082.0411","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Lesions of the pinnae of captive bats are common, but there are few reports for free-living bats. In those reports, causal agents of the lesions were attributed to mites, fungus, or a combination of factors, but specific information regarding pinna lesions is generally lacking. This is the first report in Mexico of pinna lesions, associated mites, and histopathological findings for 2 species of free-living bats: the Jamaican fruit-eating bat (Artibeus jamaicensis) and the Honduran yellow-shouldered bat (Sturnira hondurensis). Resumen. Reportes de lesiones en las pinas de murciélagos en cautiverio son comunes, pero hay pocos para murciélagos de vida libre. Aunque se han atribuido a agentes causales como ácaros, hongos o una combinación de factores, información específica sobre las causas que afectan las pinas es escasa. Este es el primer reporte en México de lesiones en pinas, ácaros asociados y hallazgos histopatológicos, para el murciélago frugívoro de Jamaica (Artibeus jamaicensis) y el murciélago de hombros amarillos de Honduras (Sturnira hondurensis) en vida libre.","PeriodicalId":49364,"journal":{"name":"Western North American Naturalist","volume":"17 1","pages":"760 - 765"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87212220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. We synthesize reports of cougar (Puma concolor) killings, sightings, and related information in Yellowstone National Park from the early 1900s through the 1970s. Cougars were common before the park was established in 1872 but were heavily persecuted in the late 1800s and early 1900s, when the park attempted extirpation. Despite being greatly reduced, cougars may have persisted, at least intermittently, in the park and vicinity at low levels from the 1920s through the 1950s, at numbers that were likely functionally irrelevant from an ecological perspective. More recently, in field studies conducted during periods between 1987 and 2017, cougar population densities were estimated at a robust ∼2 cougars per 100 km2. Today, a relatively high density of cougars suggests that they are an active component of the Yellowstone ecosystem. Resumen. Sintetizamos los reportes de caza, avistamientos e información relacionada con la presencia de pumas (Puma concolor), en el Parque Nacional de Yellowstone desde principios de 1900 hasta la década de 1970. Antes de que se estableciera el parque en 1872, los pumas eran comunes. Sin embargo, fueron fuertemente perseguidos a finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX, cuando el parque intentó su extirpación. A pesar de haber sido reducidos en gran medida, los pumas pueden haber persistido, al menos de forma intermitente, en el parque y sus alrededores a niveles bajos desde la década de 1920 hasta la de 1950, en números que probablemente no eran funcionalmente relevantes desde una perspectiva ecológica. Más recientemente, en los estudios de campo realizados durante los períodos comprendidos entre 1987 y 2017, la densidad poblacional de pumas se estimó robustamente en alrededor de 2 pumas/100 km2. En la actualidad, la densidad relativamente alta de pumas sugiere que son un componente activo del ecosistema de Yellowstone.
摘要我们综合了从20世纪初到20世纪70年代在黄石国家公园的美洲狮(美洲狮)杀戮，目击和相关信息的报告。在1872年公园建立之前，美洲狮很常见，但在19世纪末和20世纪初，当公园试图灭绝美洲狮时，它们受到了严重的迫害。尽管美洲狮的数量大大减少，但从20世纪20年代到50年代，美洲狮可能在公园和附近地区以较低的水平持续存在，至少是间歇性的，从生态学的角度来看，这些数量可能与功能无关。最近，在1987年至2017年期间进行的实地研究中，美洲狮的种群密度估计为每100平方公里2只美洲狮。今天，相对高密度的美洲狮表明它们是黄石生态系统的活跃组成部分。Resumen。美国国家黄石公园的报告，关于美洲狮(美洲狮)存在的关系，关于1900年原则的报告，以及关于1970年的报告。1872年，法国人建立了一个公园。在禁运的情况下，根据XX的原则，我们将继续推进对XX的不懈努力和对XX的最终决定，我们将继续努力intentó su extirpación。pesar de haber sido reducidos将作为这些活动的格兰medida,洛杉矶美洲狮含量haber persistido, al低于形式intermitente en el) y sus alrededores含量浅滩desde la decada 1920直到1950,在数值是probablemente没有伊兰funcionalmente相关desde una perspectiva ecologica。Más recientemente, en los estudio de campo realizados durante los períodos comcomdidos entre 1987年至2017年，la densidad polblacional de pumas se estimó robustamente en已经建成2个美洲狮/100平方公里。事实上，黄石公园的生态系统的组成和活动，都与美洲狮的密度和相关性有关。
{"title":"The History of Cougars in Yellowstone National Park","authors":"W. J. Ripple, R. Beschta, Luke E. Painter","doi":"10.3398/064.082.0410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3398/064.082.0410","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. We synthesize reports of cougar (Puma concolor) killings, sightings, and related information in Yellowstone National Park from the early 1900s through the 1970s. Cougars were common before the park was established in 1872 but were heavily persecuted in the late 1800s and early 1900s, when the park attempted extirpation. Despite being greatly reduced, cougars may have persisted, at least intermittently, in the park and vicinity at low levels from the 1920s through the 1950s, at numbers that were likely functionally irrelevant from an ecological perspective. More recently, in field studies conducted during periods between 1987 and 2017, cougar population densities were estimated at a robust ∼2 cougars per 100 km2. Today, a relatively high density of cougars suggests that they are an active component of the Yellowstone ecosystem. Resumen. Sintetizamos los reportes de caza, avistamientos e información relacionada con la presencia de pumas (Puma concolor), en el Parque Nacional de Yellowstone desde principios de 1900 hasta la década de 1970. Antes de que se estableciera el parque en 1872, los pumas eran comunes. Sin embargo, fueron fuertemente perseguidos a finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX, cuando el parque intentó su extirpación. A pesar de haber sido reducidos en gran medida, los pumas pueden haber persistido, al menos de forma intermitente, en el parque y sus alrededores a niveles bajos desde la década de 1920 hasta la de 1950, en números que probablemente no eran funcionalmente relevantes desde una perspectiva ecológica. Más recientemente, en los estudios de campo realizados durante los períodos comprendidos entre 1987 y 2017, la densidad poblacional de pumas se estimó robustamente en alrededor de 2 pumas/100 km2. En la actualidad, la densidad relativamente alta de pumas sugiere que son un componente activo del ecosistema de Yellowstone.","PeriodicalId":49364,"journal":{"name":"Western North American Naturalist","volume":"61 1","pages":"752 - 759"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89181606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. A review of Psilochalcis Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) species in the western United States is presented, with the addition of 3 new species: Psilochalcis adenticulata Petersen, new species; Psilochalcis minuta Petersen, new species; and Psilochalcis quadratis Petersen, new species. Morphological diagnoses and distributions are given for each species. A dichotomous key to the Psilochalcis species of North America is presented. Resumen. Se presenta una revisión de las especies de Psilochalcis Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) en el oeste de los Estados Unidos, con la incorporación de tres nuevas especies: una nueva especie de Psilochalcis adenticulata Petersen, una nueva especie de Psilochalcis minuta Petersen y una nueva especie de Psilochalcis quadratis Petersen. En este trabajo se presentan diagnósticos morfológicos y distribuciones para cada especie. Además, se ofrece una clave dicotómica de las especies de Psilochalcis de Norteamérica.
{"title":"A Review of Psilochalcis Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Chalcididae) from the Western United States with Descriptions of Three New Species from Utah and Surrounding States","authors":"Mark J. Petersen, Robert L. Johnson, V. Anderson","doi":"10.3398/064.082.0406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3398/064.082.0406","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. A review of Psilochalcis Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) species in the western United States is presented, with the addition of 3 new species: Psilochalcis adenticulata Petersen, new species; Psilochalcis minuta Petersen, new species; and Psilochalcis quadratis Petersen, new species. Morphological diagnoses and distributions are given for each species. A dichotomous key to the Psilochalcis species of North America is presented. Resumen. Se presenta una revisión de las especies de Psilochalcis Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) en el oeste de los Estados Unidos, con la incorporación de tres nuevas especies: una nueva especie de Psilochalcis adenticulata Petersen, una nueva especie de Psilochalcis minuta Petersen y una nueva especie de Psilochalcis quadratis Petersen. En este trabajo se presentan diagnósticos morfológicos y distribuciones para cada especie. Además, se ofrece una clave dicotómica de las especies de Psilochalcis de Norteamérica.","PeriodicalId":49364,"journal":{"name":"Western North American Naturalist","volume":"96 1","pages":"704 - 718"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79293276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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