Abstract. Thirteen-lined ground squirrels (TLGS; Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) are burrowing obligate hibernators whose species range extends over 20 degrees latitude in North America from Texas to Canada. Despite their ubiquity as laboratory animals for hibernation research, relatively little is known about their life history across their range in the wild. We live-trapped TLGS in parks or cemeteries from Texas to Minnesota, took morphological measurements, and conducted a survey of burrowing locations in 5 states across the latitudinal gradient. We found that soil texture and percent soil organic matter differed at field sites in different states, with Minnesota soil high in sand but low in clay and organic matter, and Texas soil highest in clay and organic matter. Soils at all trap sites were primarily sand or sand/silt, which is easy for animals to burrow through. We also found that burrows tended to be located within 2 m of some sort of visual barrier (usually headstones in cemeteries), but that the availability of preferred food items within 2 m was not predictive of burrow location. Finally, we found that TLGS in Minnesota were longer bodied than southern TLGS, but that the body mass index of Texas animals was higher than that in more northern populations, suggesting that Texas animals fatten for hibernation earlier. Together, these data suggest that, although TLGS experience different environmental conditions across their species range, they either select appropriate microhabitats across that range to meet their physiological requirements or have sufficient phenotypic plasticity to deal with highly variable environmental conditions. Resumen. Las ardillas de trece líneas (TLGS; Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) son hibernadores obligados excavadores cuyo rango de especies se extiende más de 20 grados de latitud en América del Norte desde Texas hasta Canadá. A pesar del uso común como animales de laboratorio para la investigación de la hibernación, se sabe relativamente poco sobre su historia de vida en su área de distribución en la naturaleza. Nosotras capturamos TLGS en parques o cementerios desde Texas hasta Minnesota, tomamos medidas morfológicas y realizamos un estudio de ubicaciones de excavación en 5 estados a lo largo del gradiente latitudinal. Encontramos diferencias en la textura y el porcentaje de materia orgánica en el suelo en los sitios de campo en diferentes estados, con el porcentaje más bajo de arcilla y materia orgánica y el porcentaje más alto de arena en Minnesota, y el porcentaje más alto de arcilla y materia orgánica en Texas, pero los sitios de trampa en todos los estados tenían suelos compuestos principalmente de arena o arena/limo que son fáciles de por los animales excavar. También las madrigueras estaban a menudo cerca de barreras visuales como lápidas en cementerios, pero la ubicación de las madrigueras no se predijo por la presencia de alimentos preferidos. Finalmente, encontramos que los TLGS en Minnesota tenían un cue
摘要十三棱地松鼠;tridecemlineatus)是穴居的专性冬眠动物，其物种范围从北美的德克萨斯州延伸到加拿大，纬度超过20度。尽管它们作为冬眠研究的实验动物无处不在，但人们对它们在野外生活范围内的生活史知之甚少。我们在从德克萨斯州到明尼苏达州的公园或墓地中实地捕获了TLGS，进行了形态学测量，并在纬度梯度上对5个州的洞穴位置进行了调查。我们发现，不同州的土壤质地和土壤有机质百分比不同，明尼苏达州土壤砂含量高，粘土和有机质含量低，德克萨斯州土壤粘土和有机质含量最高。所有陷阱地点的土壤主要是沙子或沙/淤泥，这便于动物钻洞。我们还发现，洞穴往往位于某种视觉障碍(通常是墓地的墓碑)的2米范围内，但2米范围内偏好食物的可用性并不能预测洞穴的位置。最后，我们发现明尼苏达州的TLGS比南部的TLGS身体更长，但德克萨斯州动物的体重指数高于更多北部种群，这表明德克萨斯州动物更早为冬眠而增肥。总之，这些数据表明，尽管TLGS在其物种范围内经历了不同的环境条件，但它们要么在该范围内选择合适的微栖息地来满足其生理需求，要么具有足够的表型可塑性来应对高度变化的环境条件。Resumen。Las ardillas de trece líneas (TLGS;Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) son hibernadores iberados excavadores cuyo rango de especes se extenende más de 20 grados de latide en amacrica del north de Texas has canada 。一个pesar del uso común como animales de laboratoro para investigación de la hibernación, se ababelrelativamente poco sobre su historia de vida en su área de distribución en la naturaleza。Nosotras capturamos TLGS位于德克萨斯州和明尼苏达州的水泥公园，tomamos medidas morfológicas通过实现位于德克萨斯州和明尼苏达州的水泥公园excavación的5个州的大型垂直梯度。Encontramos diferencias en la textura y de器质性斜纹布en el suelo en el porcentaje洛杉矶sitios de campo不同带动下,反对el porcentaje mas浅滩de arcilla器质性斜纹布y疾病el porcentaje竞技场在明尼苏达州,y疾病el porcentaje arcilla y器质性斜纹布在德克萨斯州,佩罗洛杉矶sitios de trampa en todos洛杉矶estado tenian suelos compuestos疾病de竞技场o竞技场/豪华轿车,儿子de los动物excavar运动要容易。tamamicassan和las madrigueres建立了一份菜单，提供了一份关于视觉障碍(lápidas)和视觉障碍(ubicación)的菜单，并提供了一份关于首选食品的菜单。最后一段，在明尼苏达州的动物实验中发现了这些动物tenían在秘鲁más在德克萨斯州的动物实验中发现了这些动物más在德克萨斯州的动物实验中发现了这些动物índice在德克萨斯州的动物实验中发现了这些动物más在德克萨斯州的动物实验中发现了这些动物más在德克萨斯州的动物实验中发现了这些动物hibernación más rápidamente。秘密结社,且拿督sugieren, aunque洛杉矶tlg experimentan不同身体状况环境保护在苏rango de especies seleccionan隐居apropiados对位sus requisitos fisiologicos o tienen suficiente de plasticidad fenotipica残奥会expandirse una amplia variedad de栖息地。
{"title":"Thirteen-Lined Ground Squirrel (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) Morphology and Burrow Placement across a Latitudinal Range","authors":"Emma Solis, Emily Davis, Hallie Dickerson, Veronique Tessier, Taqwa Armstrong, Jessica Healy-La Price","doi":"10.3398/064.082.0310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3398/064.082.0310","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Thirteen-lined ground squirrels (TLGS; Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) are burrowing obligate hibernators whose species range extends over 20 degrees latitude in North America from Texas to Canada. Despite their ubiquity as laboratory animals for hibernation research, relatively little is known about their life history across their range in the wild. We live-trapped TLGS in parks or cemeteries from Texas to Minnesota, took morphological measurements, and conducted a survey of burrowing locations in 5 states across the latitudinal gradient. We found that soil texture and percent soil organic matter differed at field sites in different states, with Minnesota soil high in sand but low in clay and organic matter, and Texas soil highest in clay and organic matter. Soils at all trap sites were primarily sand or sand/silt, which is easy for animals to burrow through. We also found that burrows tended to be located within 2 m of some sort of visual barrier (usually headstones in cemeteries), but that the availability of preferred food items within 2 m was not predictive of burrow location. Finally, we found that TLGS in Minnesota were longer bodied than southern TLGS, but that the body mass index of Texas animals was higher than that in more northern populations, suggesting that Texas animals fatten for hibernation earlier. Together, these data suggest that, although TLGS experience different environmental conditions across their species range, they either select appropriate microhabitats across that range to meet their physiological requirements or have sufficient phenotypic plasticity to deal with highly variable environmental conditions. Resumen. Las ardillas de trece líneas (TLGS; Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) son hibernadores obligados excavadores cuyo rango de especies se extiende más de 20 grados de latitud en América del Norte desde Texas hasta Canadá. A pesar del uso común como animales de laboratorio para la investigación de la hibernación, se sabe relativamente poco sobre su historia de vida en su área de distribución en la naturaleza. Nosotras capturamos TLGS en parques o cementerios desde Texas hasta Minnesota, tomamos medidas morfológicas y realizamos un estudio de ubicaciones de excavación en 5 estados a lo largo del gradiente latitudinal. Encontramos diferencias en la textura y el porcentaje de materia orgánica en el suelo en los sitios de campo en diferentes estados, con el porcentaje más bajo de arcilla y materia orgánica y el porcentaje más alto de arena en Minnesota, y el porcentaje más alto de arcilla y materia orgánica en Texas, pero los sitios de trampa en todos los estados tenían suelos compuestos principalmente de arena o arena/limo que son fáciles de por los animales excavar. También las madrigueras estaban a menudo cerca de barreras visuales como lápidas en cementerios, pero la ubicación de las madrigueras no se predijo por la presencia de alimentos preferidos. Finalmente, encontramos que los TLGS en Minnesota tenían un cue","PeriodicalId":49364,"journal":{"name":"Western North American Naturalist","volume":"28 1","pages":"549 - 562"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81632504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ron B. Kegerries, Ron J. Rogers, Z. R. Shattuck, Brandon C. Albrecht, David J. Syzdek
Abstract. Aquatic ecosystems in the American Southwest have experienced biotic and abiotic degradation, which have deleteriously impacted the native fish communities that have evolved in these systems. The native fish community in the Moapa (Muddy) River in Nevada faces many of these challenges, including changes in flow regimes, changes in temperature regimes, habitat fragmentation, and nonnative species introductions. By 2007, the only native fishes to occupy the Muddy River downstream of the warm, spring-fed headwaters were Virgin River Chub Gila seminuda and Moapa Speckled Dace Rhinichthys osculus moapae. From 2007 to 2015, biannual standardized hoop-net sampling of portions of a 38-km reach of the Muddy River was utilized to characterize and monitor the fish community. The results of this study have shown a decline in the abundance of these native species through time, as well as changes in flow and temperature regimes throughout the study area. This is especially concerning because the Moapa Speckled Dace is a species endemic to the Muddy River and is state listed as Sensitive and of Conservation Priority. Although the protected status of the Muddy River population of Virgin River Chub is complicated due to the taxonomic uncertainty at the time of consideration for listing under the Endangered Species Act, the species is state listed as Sensitive and of Conservation Priority. In the nearby Virgin River, the species is federally listed as Endangered. Intervention through increased management, population monitoring, and additional research will be critical for these species to persist in the Muddy River. Resumen. Los ecosistemas acuáticos en el suroeste de Estados Unidos han experimentado una degradación biótica y abiótica, que ha afectado negativamente a las comunidades de peces nativos que han evolucionado en estos sistemas. La comunidad de peces nativos en el río Moapa (Muddy) en Nevada enfrenta muchos de estos desafíos, incluidos cambios en los regímenes de flujo, cambios en los regímenes de temperatura, fragmentación del hábitat e introducción de especies no nativas. En 2007, los únicos peces nativos que ocuparon el río Muddy aguas abajo de las cálidas cabeceras alimentadas por manantiales fueron el Virgin River Chub Gila seminuda y el Moapa Speckled Dace Rhinichthys osculus moapae. Entre 2007 y 2015, se utilizó un muestreo bianual estandarizado con redes de 38 kilómetros del río Muddy para caracterizar y monitorear la comunidad de peces. Los resultados de este estudio han mostrado una disminución en la abundancia de estas especies nativas a lo largo del tiempo, así como cambios en los regímenes de flujo y temperatura en toda el área de estudio. Esto es especialmente preocupante dado el hecho de que Moapa Speckled Dace es una especie endémica del río Muddy y está catalogada como sensible y de prioridad de conservación. Aunque el estado de protección de la población de Virgin River Chub en Muddy River es complicado debido a la incertidumb
摘要美国西南部的水生生态系统经历了生物和非生物的退化，这对在这些系统中进化的本地鱼类群落产生了有害的影响。内华达州莫阿帕河(浑河)的本地鱼类群落面临着许多挑战，包括流量变化、温度变化、栖息地破碎化和非本地物种的引入。到2007年，浑浊河下游唯一的本地鱼类是处女河Chub Gila seminuda和Moapa斑点鲮鱼Rhinichthys osculus moapae。从2007年到2015年，对浑河38公里河段的部分区域进行了一年两次的标准化箍网采样，以表征和监测鱼类群落。这项研究的结果表明，随着时间的推移，这些本地物种的丰度会下降，整个研究区域的流量和温度也会发生变化。这尤其令人担忧，因为莫阿帕斑点鲮鱼是浑河特有的物种，被列为敏感物种和优先保护物种。尽管由于在考虑列入《濒危物种法》时分类学的不确定性，Virgin River Chub的浑河种群的保护地位很复杂，但该物种已被列为敏感物种和优先保护物种。在附近的维珍河，该物种被联邦政府列为濒危物种。通过加强管理、种群监测和额外的研究进行干预，对这些物种在浑河中生存至关重要。Resumen。Los ecosistemas acuáticos en el suroeste de Estados Unidos而不是experimentado una degradación biótica y abiótica, que que afectado negatimenente, as comades de peces native as而不是evolutionary and estos sistemas。La comunidad de peces native - as en el río Moapa (Muddy) en Nevada enfrenta muchos de estos desafíos，包括cambios en los regímenes de flujo, cambios en los regímenes de temperaturte, fragmentación del hábitat e introducción de especies no native - as。2007年，los únicos peces ativos que ocuparon el río mudmudaguas abajo de las cálidas cabeceras alimentadas porpmanantiales fueron el Virgin River Chub Gila semuda和el Moapa斑点鱼Rhinichthys osculus moapae。从2007年到2015年，我们将看到utilizó我们每两年一次的标准化工作kilómetros我们每两年一次的标准化工作kilómetros我们每两年一次的标准化工作río我们每两年一次的标准化工作。Los resultados de este estudio han mostrado una disminución en la abundance - a de estas speciies native as a lo largo del tiempo, así como cambios en Los regímenes de flujo y temper温en toda el área de estudio。estes special preocupante dado el hecho de que Moapa斑点舞蹈家estcatalogada como sensible de priorities de conservación. estes特别preocupante dado el hecho de que Moapa斑点舞蹈家特别endendacima del río muddecest。unique el estado de protección de la población de Virgin River Chub和Muddy River是复杂的debido和复杂的debido和复杂的debido和复杂的debido和复杂的debido和复杂的debido和复杂的debido和复杂的debido和复杂的debido和复杂的debido和复杂的debido和复杂的debido和复杂的debido和复杂的debido和复杂的debido和复杂的debido和复杂的debido和复杂的debido和复杂的debido和复杂的debido和复杂的debido。En el cercano río Virgin, la especie estcatalogada como En peligro de extinción a nivel federal。La intervención a travaces de unmayor manejo，监测数据和investigación额外的服务，基本的数据和数据，持续的数据和数据，río浑水。
{"title":"The Decline of Two Native Fish in the Moapa (Muddy) River, Nevada, 2007–2015","authors":"Ron B. Kegerries, Ron J. Rogers, Z. R. Shattuck, Brandon C. Albrecht, David J. Syzdek","doi":"10.3398/064.082.0307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3398/064.082.0307","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Aquatic ecosystems in the American Southwest have experienced biotic and abiotic degradation, which have deleteriously impacted the native fish communities that have evolved in these systems. The native fish community in the Moapa (Muddy) River in Nevada faces many of these challenges, including changes in flow regimes, changes in temperature regimes, habitat fragmentation, and nonnative species introductions. By 2007, the only native fishes to occupy the Muddy River downstream of the warm, spring-fed headwaters were Virgin River Chub Gila seminuda and Moapa Speckled Dace Rhinichthys osculus moapae. From 2007 to 2015, biannual standardized hoop-net sampling of portions of a 38-km reach of the Muddy River was utilized to characterize and monitor the fish community. The results of this study have shown a decline in the abundance of these native species through time, as well as changes in flow and temperature regimes throughout the study area. This is especially concerning because the Moapa Speckled Dace is a species endemic to the Muddy River and is state listed as Sensitive and of Conservation Priority. Although the protected status of the Muddy River population of Virgin River Chub is complicated due to the taxonomic uncertainty at the time of consideration for listing under the Endangered Species Act, the species is state listed as Sensitive and of Conservation Priority. In the nearby Virgin River, the species is federally listed as Endangered. Intervention through increased management, population monitoring, and additional research will be critical for these species to persist in the Muddy River. Resumen. Los ecosistemas acuáticos en el suroeste de Estados Unidos han experimentado una degradación biótica y abiótica, que ha afectado negativamente a las comunidades de peces nativos que han evolucionado en estos sistemas. La comunidad de peces nativos en el río Moapa (Muddy) en Nevada enfrenta muchos de estos desafíos, incluidos cambios en los regímenes de flujo, cambios en los regímenes de temperatura, fragmentación del hábitat e introducción de especies no nativas. En 2007, los únicos peces nativos que ocuparon el río Muddy aguas abajo de las cálidas cabeceras alimentadas por manantiales fueron el Virgin River Chub Gila seminuda y el Moapa Speckled Dace Rhinichthys osculus moapae. Entre 2007 y 2015, se utilizó un muestreo bianual estandarizado con redes de 38 kilómetros del río Muddy para caracterizar y monitorear la comunidad de peces. Los resultados de este estudio han mostrado una disminución en la abundancia de estas especies nativas a lo largo del tiempo, así como cambios en los regímenes de flujo y temperatura en toda el área de estudio. Esto es especialmente preocupante dado el hecho de que Moapa Speckled Dace es una especie endémica del río Muddy y está catalogada como sensible y de prioridad de conservación. Aunque el estado de protección de la población de Virgin River Chub en Muddy River es complicado debido a la incertidumb","PeriodicalId":49364,"journal":{"name":"Western North American Naturalist","volume":"4 1","pages":"510 - 523"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90628200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Seaside daisy (Erigeron glaucus) is a plant native to fog-influenced coastal dune habitat in California. Seaside daisy is an important nectar plant to a variety of pollinators, especially butterflies, and is commonly used in coastal dune habitat restoration projects. In San Francisco, pollinator habitat restoration is critical for preserving species that would have otherwise been lost to urbanization. Advancing our basic understanding of how microclimate conditions (coastal fog in particular) impact the physiological function of the seaside daisy is an important first step to developing climate change–resilient habitat restoration plans. In semiarid Mediterranean ecosystems, coastal fog can augment plant water status in otherwise drought-stressed plants through fog drip to the soil, reduction of atmospheric stress, and/or leaf wetting that can result in foliar uptake of fog water. While there is a high degree of uncertainty as to how coastal fog frequency may be impacted by climate change, historical observations show a 33% decline in coastal fog along the Pacific Coast. As the climate continues to change, the potential reduction of this crucial water resource may negatively impact the plants within foggy environments. However, the importance of coastal fog in supporting the physiological function of seaside daisies has not yet been studied. We conducted a manipulative fog experiment to understand the relative importance of coastal fog and irrigation to the physiological function of seaside daisy plants. In a controlled chamber, plants were exposed to the following treatment groups: (1) fog and irrigation, (2) fog only, (3) irrigation only, and (4) neither fog nor irrigation. We measured leaf-level photosynthesis rates and stomatal conductance using a portable photosynthesis system (Model Li-6800, LICOR Biosciences). We monitored microclimate conditions in each chamber as well as shallow soil moisture (5 cm) in a subset of the study plants. We found that photosynthesis rates increased when plants experienced simulated fog events, regardless of irrigation; irrigated plants increased by 26%, whereas nonirrigated plants increased by 31%. We also found that soil moisture was a weak predictor of photosynthesis rates, suggesting that heightened photosynthesis rates during fog events were not driven by fog drip to the soil in our study. Our results strongly suggest that fog matters to the function of this important nectar plant species and that the mechanism is likely foliar uptake of fog water. Our study informs how coastal fog events can increase the likelihood of survival for seaside daisies and therefore improve overall pollinator habitat quality. Resumen. La margarita costera (Erigeron glaucus) es una planta autóctona del hábitat de dunas costeras influenciada por la niebla en California. Es una especie de planta nectarífera importante para diversos polinizadores, especialmente mariposas, además, es utilizada habitualmente en proyectos de
摘要海边雏菊(Erigeron glaucus)是加利福尼亚受雾影响的海岸沙丘栖息地的一种植物。海滨雏菊是多种传粉媒介，尤其是蝴蝶的重要花蜜植物，常用于滨海沙丘生境恢复工程。在旧金山，恢复传粉媒介的栖息地对于保护那些可能因城市化而消失的物种至关重要。提高我们对小气候条件(特别是沿海雾)如何影响海边雏菊生理功能的基本认识，是制定气候变化适应性栖息地恢复计划的重要第一步。在半干旱的地中海生态系统中，沿海雾可以通过雾滴到土壤中，减少大气压力和/或叶片湿润导致叶片吸收雾水，从而增加植物水分状况。虽然气候变化对沿海雾频率的影响存在很大的不确定性，但历史观测显示，太平洋沿岸的沿海雾减少了33%。随着气候的不断变化，这种至关重要的水资源的潜在减少可能会对多雾环境中的植物产生负面影响。然而，沿海雾在支持海滨雏菊生理功能中的重要性尚未得到研究。为了了解沿海雾和灌溉对海滨雏菊生理功能的相对重要性，我们进行了操纵雾实验。在控制室内，植物暴露于以下处理组:(1)雾和灌溉，(2)只雾，(3)只灌溉，(4)既不雾也不灌溉。我们使用便携式光合系统(型号Li-6800, LICOR Biosciences)测量叶片水平的光合速率和气孔导度。我们监测了每个室内的小气候条件以及研究植物子集的浅层土壤湿度(5厘米)。我们发现，当植物经历模拟雾事件时，不管灌溉情况如何，光合速率都增加了;灌溉植物增加了26%，而非灌溉植物增加了31%。我们还发现土壤湿度是光合作用速率的弱预测因子，这表明在我们的研究中，雾事件期间光合作用速率的提高不是由雾滴到土壤中驱动的。我们的研究结果强烈表明，雾对这种重要的花蜜植物的功能有影响，其机制可能是叶片对雾水的吸收。我们的研究揭示了沿海雾事件如何增加海边雏菊生存的可能性，从而改善传粉者栖息地的整体质量。Resumen。加利福尼亚的玛格丽塔·海苔属植物autóctona del hábitat海苔属植物的影响。特别是植物nectarífera重要的授粉者，特别是mariposas, además，利用和习惯的项目，restauración de hábitats de dunas costeras。在旧金山，la restauración del hábitat de polizadores es fundamental para preservar speciesque, de otro modo, se habrían perdido a causa de la urbanización。Avanzar en la comprensión básica sobre cómo las condiones microclimáticas，特别是la niebla costera, afectan la función fisiológica de la margarita costera, es el primer passo importante para desarrollar planes de restauración de hábitats resistentes al cambio climático。En los ecosistemas mediterráneos semiáridos, la niebla costes de de la niebla estestale hídrico de la niebla estestale hídrico, la niebla estestale goteo de la niebla suelo, que de otro modo estarían sometidas a la sequía, reduciendo el estracemos<s:1>， y/o la humectación de las hojas que puede dar lugar and la absorción叶片del agua de la niebla。unique existence ungran incertidumbre sobre cómo el cambio climático podría afectar la frefreuencia de la niebla costera, las observaciones históricas muestran undescenso del 33% en la niebla costera a lo largo de la costa del Pacífico。A medida que el clima continúa cambiando, A possible reducción de este recurso hídrico crucial, podría afectar negative, A las plantas dentro de los entornos conniebla。在禁运期间，aún没有看到研究中心的重要性，并发现研究中心的重要性，función fisiológica的margaritas costas。Nosotros, realizamos un experimento de manipulación de la niebla para comder la。En una cámara controlada, las plantas fueron expuestas a los siguentes group de tramiento:(1) niebla y riego， (2) sólo niebla， (3) sólo riego, y (4) sin niebla y sin riego。Con un sistema de fotosíntesis portátil (Modelo Li-6800, LICOR Biosciences)， medimós las tasas de fotosíntesis和nivel de hoja y la conductancia estomática。
{"title":"Coastal Fog Enhances Physiological Function of Seaside Daisies (Erigeron glaucus)","authors":"Sarah E. Gomes, S. A. Baguskas","doi":"10.3398/064.082.0309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3398/064.082.0309","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Seaside daisy (Erigeron glaucus) is a plant native to fog-influenced coastal dune habitat in California. Seaside daisy is an important nectar plant to a variety of pollinators, especially butterflies, and is commonly used in coastal dune habitat restoration projects. In San Francisco, pollinator habitat restoration is critical for preserving species that would have otherwise been lost to urbanization. Advancing our basic understanding of how microclimate conditions (coastal fog in particular) impact the physiological function of the seaside daisy is an important first step to developing climate change–resilient habitat restoration plans. In semiarid Mediterranean ecosystems, coastal fog can augment plant water status in otherwise drought-stressed plants through fog drip to the soil, reduction of atmospheric stress, and/or leaf wetting that can result in foliar uptake of fog water. While there is a high degree of uncertainty as to how coastal fog frequency may be impacted by climate change, historical observations show a 33% decline in coastal fog along the Pacific Coast. As the climate continues to change, the potential reduction of this crucial water resource may negatively impact the plants within foggy environments. However, the importance of coastal fog in supporting the physiological function of seaside daisies has not yet been studied. We conducted a manipulative fog experiment to understand the relative importance of coastal fog and irrigation to the physiological function of seaside daisy plants. In a controlled chamber, plants were exposed to the following treatment groups: (1) fog and irrigation, (2) fog only, (3) irrigation only, and (4) neither fog nor irrigation. We measured leaf-level photosynthesis rates and stomatal conductance using a portable photosynthesis system (Model Li-6800, LICOR Biosciences). We monitored microclimate conditions in each chamber as well as shallow soil moisture (5 cm) in a subset of the study plants. We found that photosynthesis rates increased when plants experienced simulated fog events, regardless of irrigation; irrigated plants increased by 26%, whereas nonirrigated plants increased by 31%. We also found that soil moisture was a weak predictor of photosynthesis rates, suggesting that heightened photosynthesis rates during fog events were not driven by fog drip to the soil in our study. Our results strongly suggest that fog matters to the function of this important nectar plant species and that the mechanism is likely foliar uptake of fog water. Our study informs how coastal fog events can increase the likelihood of survival for seaside daisies and therefore improve overall pollinator habitat quality. Resumen. La margarita costera (Erigeron glaucus) es una planta autóctona del hábitat de dunas costeras influenciada por la niebla en California. Es una especie de planta nectarífera importante para diversos polinizadores, especialmente mariposas, además, es utilizada habitualmente en proyectos de","PeriodicalId":49364,"journal":{"name":"Western North American Naturalist","volume":"41 1","pages":"537 - 548"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76651627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Between 2009 and 2019, I studied the distribution and ecology of the Inyo Mountains salamander (IMS; Batrachoseps campi). The IMS is a rarely studied species endemic to the Inyo Mountains of California, and 1 of only 2 extant salamanders whose range is restricted to desert ecosystems. I found 2 new localities, increasing the documented localities to 21. I calculated a minimum convex polygon distributional range size of 458 km2 and estimated that in the Inyo Mountains there are ca. 15,200 linear meters of IMS riparian habitat, the most common habitat for the species. IMS occurred across an elevation gradient from 523 to 2625 m, mostly ≤2 m from surface water. However, I found 3 IMS individuals 200–500 m from the nearest surface water; along with a previous record, my observations suggest that small populations may occur at other high-elevation sites without permanent surface water. Riparian habitat supporting salamanders included a diverse mix of herbaceous and woody species, although IMS also occurred in areas with little vegetation. I found gravid females between 6 October and 5 November and between 18 March and 20 May. Some geographical variation in coloration occurred, with silver individuals common at 1 northwestern locality and very dark individuals predominating at 3 southern localities; individuals with intermediate amounts of dorsal silver were common elsewhere. Chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) was absent from 36 IMS tested. Long-term drought and intense flash flooding have impacted IMS habitat. Between 2010 and 2018, I observed decreased flow from 10 permanent water sources in the Inyo Mountains; 7 (33% of documented localities) support IMS. Although these declines generally appear small, continued drought could put small, localized populations at risk. Flash floods caused by convectional storms damaged riparian habitat in 38% of documented IMS localities, sometimes severely, and I failed to find IMS at 3 of these. However, I found little evidence for widespread IMS population decline across the species' range. Because all documented populations occur in federally designated wilderness and many are difficult to reach, direct human interference with the species is unlikely, as long as federal and state regulatory authority is maintained. To provide better data for properly managing the IMS, a standardized monitoring program should be implemented. Monitoring could occur at 5-year intervals and involve gathering presence/absence data at a subset of localities that are relatively easy to reach and search. Resumen. Entre 2009 y 2019 estudié la distribución y ecología de la salamandra de las Montañas Inyo (IMS por sus siglas en inglés; Batrachoseps campi). La IMS es una especie raramente estudiada, endémica de las Montañas Inyo de California, y una de las dos únicas salamandras existentes cuya área de distribución está restringida a ecosistemas desérticos. Encontré dos nuevas localidades, aumentando las localidades doc
{"title":"Distribution, Ecology, Morphology, and Status of the Inyo Mountains Salamander (Batrachoseps campi)","authors":"C. Norment","doi":"10.3398/064.082.0304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3398/064.082.0304","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Between 2009 and 2019, I studied the distribution and ecology of the Inyo Mountains salamander (IMS; Batrachoseps campi). The IMS is a rarely studied species endemic to the Inyo Mountains of California, and 1 of only 2 extant salamanders whose range is restricted to desert ecosystems. I found 2 new localities, increasing the documented localities to 21. I calculated a minimum convex polygon distributional range size of 458 km2 and estimated that in the Inyo Mountains there are ca. 15,200 linear meters of IMS riparian habitat, the most common habitat for the species. IMS occurred across an elevation gradient from 523 to 2625 m, mostly ≤2 m from surface water. However, I found 3 IMS individuals 200–500 m from the nearest surface water; along with a previous record, my observations suggest that small populations may occur at other high-elevation sites without permanent surface water. Riparian habitat supporting salamanders included a diverse mix of herbaceous and woody species, although IMS also occurred in areas with little vegetation. I found gravid females between 6 October and 5 November and between 18 March and 20 May. Some geographical variation in coloration occurred, with silver individuals common at 1 northwestern locality and very dark individuals predominating at 3 southern localities; individuals with intermediate amounts of dorsal silver were common elsewhere. Chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) was absent from 36 IMS tested. Long-term drought and intense flash flooding have impacted IMS habitat. Between 2010 and 2018, I observed decreased flow from 10 permanent water sources in the Inyo Mountains; 7 (33% of documented localities) support IMS. Although these declines generally appear small, continued drought could put small, localized populations at risk. Flash floods caused by convectional storms damaged riparian habitat in 38% of documented IMS localities, sometimes severely, and I failed to find IMS at 3 of these. However, I found little evidence for widespread IMS population decline across the species' range. Because all documented populations occur in federally designated wilderness and many are difficult to reach, direct human interference with the species is unlikely, as long as federal and state regulatory authority is maintained. To provide better data for properly managing the IMS, a standardized monitoring program should be implemented. Monitoring could occur at 5-year intervals and involve gathering presence/absence data at a subset of localities that are relatively easy to reach and search. Resumen. Entre 2009 y 2019 estudié la distribución y ecología de la salamandra de las Montañas Inyo (IMS por sus siglas en inglés; Batrachoseps campi). La IMS es una especie raramente estudiada, endémica de las Montañas Inyo de California, y una de las dos únicas salamandras existentes cuya área de distribución está restringida a ecosistemas desérticos. Encontré dos nuevas localidades, aumentando las localidades doc","PeriodicalId":49364,"journal":{"name":"Western North American Naturalist","volume":"11 1","pages":"460 - 478"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88651367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexandria M. Fulton, Jonathan P. Rose, B. Halstead
Abstract. During an occupancy study of Northwestern Pond Turtles (Actinemys marmorata) and Red-eared Sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) in California's Sacramento Valley in 2018, we tested the relative effectiveness of 2 bait types: sardines packed in soybean oil and Meow Mix® Original Choice dry cat food. We sampled 116 sites with 2 traps each: one baited with sardines and one baited with dry cat food. Sardines were 1.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.2–2.6) times more effective than dry cat food at capturing turtles in our study, and 63% of all captured turtles were caught in traps baited with sardines. Despite the slightly lower capture rate in traps baited with dry cat food, the significantly lower cost of cat food (about one-tenth the cost of sardines) makes it an appealing alternative bait if cost-effectiveness is a primary concern. Resumen. Durante un estudio de ocupación de las tortugas de poza occidental (Actinemys marmorata) y tortugas de orejas rojas (Trachemys scripta elegans) en el valle de Sacramento, California, en 2018, probamos la eficacia relativa de dos tipos de cebo: sardinas envasadas en aceite de soja y comida seca para gatos Meow Mix® Original Choice. Muestreamos 116 sitios con 2 trampas cada uno: uno cebado con sardinas y otro cebado con comida seca para gatos. Las sardinas fueron 1.7 (intervalo de confianza del 95%, 1.2–2.6) veces más efectivas para capturar tortugas en nuestro estudio que la comida seca para gatos, y el 63% de todas las tortugas capturadas fueron capturadas en trampas cebadas con sardinas. A pesar de la tasa de captura ligeramente inferior en las trampas cebadas con comida seca para gatos, el coste significativamente menor de la comida para gatos (aproximadamente una décima parte del coste de las sardinas) la convierte en un cebo alternativo atractivo si la rentabilidad es una preocupación primordial.
摘要2018年，我们在加州萨克拉门托山谷对西北塘龟(actiemys marmorata)和红耳滑鼠(Trachemys scripta elegans)进行了一项研究，测试了两种饵料的相对有效性:豆油包装的沙丁鱼和Meow Mix®Original Choice干猫粮。我们在116个地点取样，每个地点设2个陷阱:一个以沙丁鱼为诱饵，另一个以干猫粮为诱饵。在我们的研究中，沙丁鱼捕获海龟的效率是干猫粮的1.7倍(95%置信区间，1.2-2.6)，63%的捕获海龟是在沙丁鱼诱饵的陷阱中捕获的。尽管用干猫粮作诱饵的陷阱捕获率略低，但如果主要考虑成本效益，猫粮的成本明显较低(约为沙丁鱼成本的十分之一)，使其成为一种有吸引力的替代诱饵。Resumen。2018年，加利福尼亚萨克拉门托山谷的Durante unestudio de ocupación de las tortugas de pocidental (actuemys marmorata)和tortugas de orejas rojas (Trachemys scripta elegans)，加利福尼亚州萨克拉门托山谷，probamos la eficacia relativa de tipos de cebo: sardinas envasadas和aceite de soja, comida seca para gatos喵喵混合®原始选择。我们有116种情况，其中包括2种情况:1 .我们有1种情况，即我们有1种情况，即我们有1种情况，即我们有1种情况，即我们有1种情况。Las sardinas fueron 1.7 (intervalo de confianza del 95%， 1.2-2.6)表示más有效捕获的捕获者，即新捕获的捕获者，即新捕获的捕获者，即被捕获者，即被捕获者，即被捕获者，即被捕获者，即被捕获者，即被捕获者，即被捕获者，即被捕获者。一项关于获取信息的报告，即获取信息的报告，关于获取信息的报告，关于获取信息的报告，关于获取信息的报告，关于获取信息的报告(关于获取信息的报告，关于获取信息的报告)关于获取信息的报告，关于获取信息的报告，关于获取信息的报告，关于获取信息的报告，关于获取信息的报告，关于获取信息的报告，关于获取信息的报告，关于获取信息的报告。
{"title":"Are Canned Sardines or Dry Cat Food More Effective as Bait for Capturing Northwestern Pond Turtles (Actinemys marmorata) and Red-Eared Sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans)?","authors":"Alexandria M. Fulton, Jonathan P. Rose, B. Halstead","doi":"10.3398/064.082.0314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3398/064.082.0314","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. During an occupancy study of Northwestern Pond Turtles (Actinemys marmorata) and Red-eared Sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) in California's Sacramento Valley in 2018, we tested the relative effectiveness of 2 bait types: sardines packed in soybean oil and Meow Mix® Original Choice dry cat food. We sampled 116 sites with 2 traps each: one baited with sardines and one baited with dry cat food. Sardines were 1.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.2–2.6) times more effective than dry cat food at capturing turtles in our study, and 63% of all captured turtles were caught in traps baited with sardines. Despite the slightly lower capture rate in traps baited with dry cat food, the significantly lower cost of cat food (about one-tenth the cost of sardines) makes it an appealing alternative bait if cost-effectiveness is a primary concern. Resumen. Durante un estudio de ocupación de las tortugas de poza occidental (Actinemys marmorata) y tortugas de orejas rojas (Trachemys scripta elegans) en el valle de Sacramento, California, en 2018, probamos la eficacia relativa de dos tipos de cebo: sardinas envasadas en aceite de soja y comida seca para gatos Meow Mix® Original Choice. Muestreamos 116 sitios con 2 trampas cada uno: uno cebado con sardinas y otro cebado con comida seca para gatos. Las sardinas fueron 1.7 (intervalo de confianza del 95%, 1.2–2.6) veces más efectivas para capturar tortugas en nuestro estudio que la comida seca para gatos, y el 63% de todas las tortugas capturadas fueron capturadas en trampas cebadas con sardinas. A pesar de la tasa de captura ligeramente inferior en las trampas cebadas con comida seca para gatos, el coste significativamente menor de la comida para gatos (aproximadamente una décima parte del coste de las sardinas) la convierte en un cebo alternativo atractivo si la rentabilidad es una preocupación primordial.","PeriodicalId":49364,"journal":{"name":"Western North American Naturalist","volume":"30 1","pages":"596 - 598"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85974652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. The Common Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina) is well established in the Middle Rio Grande today, but some researchers have suggested this population to be of anthropogenic origin. In this paper, we present a C. serpentina specimen recovered during archaeological excavations at the Isleta Pueblo Mission in central New Mexico. The turtle specimen derives from an archaeological context securely dated to the early seventeenth century. The presence of C. serpentina in this context, taken together with the composition of the rest of the Isleta Pueblo Mission archaeofaunal assemblage and the present-day C. serpentina population in the Middle Rio Grande, suggests that C. serpentina has been present in this drainage since at least the seventeenth century and is likely native. Resumen. La tortuga mordedora común (Chelydra serpentina) está bien establecida en el Río Grande de Nuevo México en la actualidad, pero esta población puede ser el resultado de una introducción antropogénica. En este artículo, presentamos un espécimen de tortuga mordedora recuperado durante excavaciones arqueológicas en la Misión Isleta Pueblo en el centro de Nuevo México. El espécimen viene de un contexto arqueológico datado con seguridad del inicio del siglo XVII. La presencia de C. serpentina en este contexto, junto con la composición del resto de arqueofauna de la Misión Isleta Pueblo y la población establecida de C. serpentina en el Río Grande en la actualidad, sugiere que C. serpentina ha estado presente en el Río Grande de Nuevo México desde al menos el siglo XVII y es nativa de este rio.
摘要普通鳄龟(Chelydra serpentina)在今天的中bbbgrande已经很好地建立了，但一些研究人员认为这个种群是人为起源的。在本文中，我们介绍了在新墨西哥州中部的Isleta Pueblo Mission考古发掘中发现的蛇纹蛇标本。这个海龟标本来自一个考古背景，可以肯定地追溯到17世纪早期。C. serpentina在这一背景下的存在，连同Isleta Pueblo Mission考古组合的其余组成以及Middle里约热内卢Grande的现代C. serpentina种群，表明C. serpentina至少自17世纪以来就存在于这一流域，并且可能是本地的。Resumen。La tortuga mordedora común (Chelydra serpentina) est bibien establecida en el Río Grande de neevo msamicxico en La actualidad, peresta población puede ser el resultado de una introducción anthropogsamicica。在埃斯特危象,presentamos联合国especimen de龟岛mordedora recuperado杜兰特excavaciones arqueologicas En la Mision小岛普韦布洛En el centro de新墨西哥。根据情况收集的电子通讯资料arqueológico数据安全与信息收集十七。关于c.s arpentina的介绍，请参见下文下文，请参见composición关于c.s arpentina的介绍Misión关于islleta Pueblo的介绍，请参见población关于c.s arpentina的介绍Río关于实际情况的介绍，请参见c.s arpentina的介绍Río关于新墨西哥的介绍，请参见第17届墨西哥会议的介绍，请参见巴西的土著会议。
{"title":"Archaeological Data Suggest Seventeenth-Century Presence of Common Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina) in the Middle Rio Grande","authors":"E. L. Jones, Laura W. Steele, Cyler Conrad","doi":"10.3398/064.082.0317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3398/064.082.0317","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The Common Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina) is well established in the Middle Rio Grande today, but some researchers have suggested this population to be of anthropogenic origin. In this paper, we present a C. serpentina specimen recovered during archaeological excavations at the Isleta Pueblo Mission in central New Mexico. The turtle specimen derives from an archaeological context securely dated to the early seventeenth century. The presence of C. serpentina in this context, taken together with the composition of the rest of the Isleta Pueblo Mission archaeofaunal assemblage and the present-day C. serpentina population in the Middle Rio Grande, suggests that C. serpentina has been present in this drainage since at least the seventeenth century and is likely native. Resumen. La tortuga mordedora común (Chelydra serpentina) está bien establecida en el Río Grande de Nuevo México en la actualidad, pero esta población puede ser el resultado de una introducción antropogénica. En este artículo, presentamos un espécimen de tortuga mordedora recuperado durante excavaciones arqueológicas en la Misión Isleta Pueblo en el centro de Nuevo México. El espécimen viene de un contexto arqueológico datado con seguridad del inicio del siglo XVII. La presencia de C. serpentina en este contexto, junto con la composición del resto de arqueofauna de la Misión Isleta Pueblo y la población establecida de C. serpentina en el Río Grande en la actualidad, sugiere que C. serpentina ha estado presente en el Río Grande de Nuevo México desde al menos el siglo XVII y es nativa de este rio.","PeriodicalId":49364,"journal":{"name":"Western North American Naturalist","volume":"191 1","pages":"611 - 615"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77517051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jonathan A. Villarreal-Fletes, Aldo A. Guevara-Carrizales, G. Ruiz-Campos, Gonzalo De Leon-Giron, S. Tremor
Abstract. We describe 2 recent records with specimens for the endangered endemic mole Scapanus anthonyi in Sierra San Pedro Mártir, Baja California, México. A comparison of cranial measurements with previous specimens is given to illustrate within-species variation and to provide taxonomic corroboration. Resumen. Describimos 2 registros recientes con espécimen para el topo endémico en peligro de extinción, Scapanus anthonyi, en la Sierra de San Pedro Mártir, Baja California, México. Una comparación de mediciones craneales con especímenes previos es proveída para variación y corroboración taxonómica.
{"title":"Recent Records of Anthony's Mexican Mole (Scapanus anthonyi Allen, 1893) in Sierra San Pedro Mártir, Baja California, México","authors":"Jonathan A. Villarreal-Fletes, Aldo A. Guevara-Carrizales, G. Ruiz-Campos, Gonzalo De Leon-Giron, S. Tremor","doi":"10.3398/064.082.0315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3398/064.082.0315","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. We describe 2 recent records with specimens for the endangered endemic mole Scapanus anthonyi in Sierra San Pedro Mártir, Baja California, México. A comparison of cranial measurements with previous specimens is given to illustrate within-species variation and to provide taxonomic corroboration. Resumen. Describimos 2 registros recientes con espécimen para el topo endémico en peligro de extinción, Scapanus anthonyi, en la Sierra de San Pedro Mártir, Baja California, México. Una comparación de mediciones craneales con especímenes previos es proveída para variación y corroboración taxonómica.","PeriodicalId":49364,"journal":{"name":"Western North American Naturalist","volume":"24 1","pages":"599 - 602"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75559716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Trace elements in 15 walleye (Sander vitreus) tissues taken from the Pueblo Reservoir in Colorado corresponded to many metals of worldwide concern and were the same as those released into the Arkansas River from decades of mining at Leadville, Colorado. Therefore, analyses of walleye stomach contents, gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum; a dietary prey item for walleye), and tissues of walleye were compared for an increase in, or a deficiency of, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb. Tissues were compared as couplets but also evaluated with tissues clustered into 6 functional groups. The trace elements were found to be tissue distinctive and functional-group specific. An interesting finding was that muscle, liver, gill, or whole bodies of fish—often indicators of trace elements—may not be as illustrative as adipose, skin, heart, bone, or stomach contents of the walleye. Results showed no significant differences in amounts of Pb among tissues within any of the 6 functional groups. We suggest that only 6 of 15 tissues might be necessary to indicate the uptake or lack of elements: heart, adipose, skin, bone, liver, and muscle, the latter of value for human consumption. Elements in gizzard shad, walleye stomach contents, livers, and muscle reflected historical element-rich colloidal sediments in the Arkansas River above the Pueblo Reservoir inlet. Despite the presence of trace elements in walleye tissues, this study suggests that a robust fishery of walleye in the Pueblo Reservoir exists and is likely to increase in the future. Resumen. Los oligoelementos presentes en 15 tejidos de peces lucio (lucioperca; Sander vitreus) del embalse de Pueblo Reservoir (Colorado), correspondieron a muchos de interés a nivel mundial y fueron los mismos que los liberados durante décadas por la minería en el río Arkansas, en Leadville (Colorado). Por lo tanto, el contenido estomacal (cuyas presas principales son los sábalo molleja [Dorosoma cepedianum]) y análisis de tejidos de la luceoperca, fueron comparados para detectar un aumento o una deficiencia de Cu, Zn, As, Cd y Pb. Los tejidos se compararon en pares, pero también se evaluaron con tejidos agrupados en seis grupos funcionales. Se encontró que los elementos eran distintivos de los tejidos y específicos de los grupos funcionales. Un hallazgo interesante fue que el músculo, el hígado, las branquias y/o el cuerpo entero de los peces, a menudo indicadores de oligoelementos, pueden no ser tan ilustrativos como el contenido adiposo, la piel, el corazón, los huesos o el estómago de la lucioperca. Los resultados no mostraron diferencias significativas en las cantidades de Pb entre los tejidos de cualquiera de los seis grupos funcionales. Sugerimos que sólo seis de los 15 tejidos podrían ser necesarios para indicar la captación/falta de elementos: el corazón, el tejido adiposo, la piel, el hueso, el hígado y el músculo, siendo este último de valor para el consumo. Los elementos presentes en los contenidos estomacales de los s
摘要从科罗拉多州普韦布洛水库提取的15个白眼(桑德玻璃体)组织中的微量元素与世界关注的许多金属相对应，与科罗拉多州莱德维尔数十年采矿释放到阿肯色河中的微量元素相同。因此，对鳙鱼胃内容物、棘鱼(Dorosoma cepedianum;(一种红眼鱼的食物猎物)，比较了红眼鱼组织中Cu、Zn、As、Cd和Pb的增加和缺乏。组织作为对联进行比较，但也与组织聚集成6个官能团进行评估。发现微量元素具有组织特征和功能群特异性。一个有趣的发现是，肌肉、肝脏、鳃或整个鱼体——通常是微量元素的指示物——可能不如脂肪、皮肤、心脏、骨骼或胃内容物那样能说明问题。结果显示，6个官能团组织中铅的含量无显著差异。我们认为，15个组织中只有6个可能是必需的，以表明摄取或缺乏元素:心脏、脂肪、皮肤、骨骼、肝脏和肌肉，后者对人类消费有价值。沙棘鱼、白眼鱼胃内容物、肝脏和肌肉中的元素反映了普韦布洛水库入口上方阿肯色河中富含元素的胶体沉积物。尽管在白眼鱼组织中存在微量元素，但本研究表明，在普韦布洛水库存在一个强大的白眼鱼渔业，并可能在未来增加。Resumen。Los oligoelementos表示15个tejidos de peces lucio (lucioperca;Sander vitreus) del embalse de Pueblo Reservoir(科罗拉多州)，通讯记者，许多人的跨与与与与与与)与与(科罗拉多州)阿肯色州和莱德维尔(科罗拉多州)。运动太多,el contenido estomacal (cuyas声部进入记号螯儿子洛大海鲢molleja [Dorosoma cepedianum]) y分析de tejidos de la luceoperca fueron comparados对位detectar联合国aumento una deficiencia阿德铜、锌、y Pb, Cd。在不同的职能群体中，对不同的职业群体进行比较和评价。Se encontró que los elements eran distinct de los tejidos y específicos de los groups funconales。1 . hallazgo interesante fute que el músculo, el hígado, las branquias /o el cuerpo entero de los pes, a menudo indices de oligoelementos, a menudo indices of oligoelementos, a menudo indices of oligoelementos, a menudestrativos como el contenido adiposo, la piel, el corazón, los huesos of el estómago de la lucioperca。洛杉矶resultados没有mostraron diferencias significativas在拉斯维加斯cantidades de Pb之间洛杉矶tejidos de cualquiera de Los检波器降funcionales。Sugerimos,独奏检波器de los 15 tejidos podrian ser necesarios对位病人la captacion / falta de elementos:埃尔科拉松,el tejido adiposo, la piel el hueso el, el musculo siendo埃斯特上月的英勇para el consumo。Los elementos展示en Los contenidos estomacales de Los sábalos, Los hígados y Los músculos reflejaban Los sedimentos históricos ricos en elementos del río Arkansas por encima de la entrada del emse。建筑设计事务所的建筑设计事务所的建筑设计事务所的建筑设计事务所的建筑设计事务所的建筑设计事务所的建筑设计事务所的建筑设计事务所的建筑设计事务所的建筑设计事务所的建筑设计事务所的建筑设计事务所的建筑设计事务所的建筑设计事务所的建筑设计事务所的建筑设计事务所的建筑设计事务所的建筑设计事务所的建筑设计事务所的建筑设计事务所的建筑设计事务所的建筑设计事务所的建筑设计事务所的建筑设计事务所。
{"title":"Trace Elements in Walleye Tissues and Dietary Components from an Impoundment Located Downstream of the Leadville Mining District, Colorado, II: Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb","authors":"D. Nimmo, S. J. Herrmann, Igor V. Melnykov","doi":"10.3398/064.082.0210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3398/064.082.0210","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Trace elements in 15 walleye (Sander vitreus) tissues taken from the Pueblo Reservoir in Colorado corresponded to many metals of worldwide concern and were the same as those released into the Arkansas River from decades of mining at Leadville, Colorado. Therefore, analyses of walleye stomach contents, gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum; a dietary prey item for walleye), and tissues of walleye were compared for an increase in, or a deficiency of, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb. Tissues were compared as couplets but also evaluated with tissues clustered into 6 functional groups. The trace elements were found to be tissue distinctive and functional-group specific. An interesting finding was that muscle, liver, gill, or whole bodies of fish—often indicators of trace elements—may not be as illustrative as adipose, skin, heart, bone, or stomach contents of the walleye. Results showed no significant differences in amounts of Pb among tissues within any of the 6 functional groups. We suggest that only 6 of 15 tissues might be necessary to indicate the uptake or lack of elements: heart, adipose, skin, bone, liver, and muscle, the latter of value for human consumption. Elements in gizzard shad, walleye stomach contents, livers, and muscle reflected historical element-rich colloidal sediments in the Arkansas River above the Pueblo Reservoir inlet. Despite the presence of trace elements in walleye tissues, this study suggests that a robust fishery of walleye in the Pueblo Reservoir exists and is likely to increase in the future. Resumen. Los oligoelementos presentes en 15 tejidos de peces lucio (lucioperca; Sander vitreus) del embalse de Pueblo Reservoir (Colorado), correspondieron a muchos de interés a nivel mundial y fueron los mismos que los liberados durante décadas por la minería en el río Arkansas, en Leadville (Colorado). Por lo tanto, el contenido estomacal (cuyas presas principales son los sábalo molleja [Dorosoma cepedianum]) y análisis de tejidos de la luceoperca, fueron comparados para detectar un aumento o una deficiencia de Cu, Zn, As, Cd y Pb. Los tejidos se compararon en pares, pero también se evaluaron con tejidos agrupados en seis grupos funcionales. Se encontró que los elementos eran distintivos de los tejidos y específicos de los grupos funcionales. Un hallazgo interesante fue que el músculo, el hígado, las branquias y/o el cuerpo entero de los peces, a menudo indicadores de oligoelementos, pueden no ser tan ilustrativos como el contenido adiposo, la piel, el corazón, los huesos o el estómago de la lucioperca. Los resultados no mostraron diferencias significativas en las cantidades de Pb entre los tejidos de cualquiera de los seis grupos funcionales. Sugerimos que sólo seis de los 15 tejidos podrían ser necesarios para indicar la captación/falta de elementos: el corazón, el tejido adiposo, la piel, el hueso, el hígado y el músculo, siendo este último de valor para el consumo. Los elementos presentes en los contenidos estomacales de los s","PeriodicalId":49364,"journal":{"name":"Western North American Naturalist","volume":"56 3 1","pages":"362 - 377"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83852365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. There is a paucity of studies focusing on how total mercury (THg) and total selenium (TSe) concentrations vary in walleye tissues and prey organisms from a reservoir that is downstream from a major mining district and whose basin consists of Cretaceous sedimentary Se-bearing outcroppings. Pueblo Reservoir in Colorado is fed by water from the upper Arkansas River, which has been polluted by trace metals and metalloids since mining began in 1859. Pueblo Reservoir is the only mainstem impoundment on the Upper Arkansas River and is located about 251 km downstream from the historic Leadville Mining District. Nearly all the contaminated colloids and sediment eventually reach Pueblo Reservoir and its walleye fishery. We compared THg and TSe concentrations among 15 walleye tissues clustered within “functional tissue groups,” and with walleye stomach contents and the walleye's primary forage fish (gizzard shad). We found that THg concentration in epaxial muscle and cardiac muscle ranked first and second, respectively, and results indicated a significant difference in THg between the 2 muscle types. Unlike THg, TSe levels were highest for liver, spleen, kidney, ovary/egg, and gill tissues, and TSe levels in all but 2 tissue pairings were significantly different. Significant differences occurred when THg and TSe in gizzard shad and stomach contents were compared to levels in each tissue. Our THg concentrations at the Pueblo Reservoir were generally lower than at other sites in western North America; however, TSe concentrations were higher and markedly different. The data indicate that THg tissue levels appear to be lower than established fish health benchmarks, yet many TSe tissue concentrations were above critical thresholds. Resumen. Son escasos los estudios centrados en cómo varían las concentraciones de mercurio total (THg) y selenio total (TSe) en los tejidos de luciopercas y en sus presas en un embalse situado aguas abajo de un importante distrito minero y cuya cuenca está formada por afloramientos sedimentarios cretácicos portadores de selenio. El embalse Pueblo Reservoir, en Colorado, se alimenta del agua del río Upper Arkansas, que ha sido contaminado por trazas de metales y metaloides desde el inicio de la explotación minera en 1859. El embalse Pueblo Reservoir es el único embalse del curso superior del río Arkansas, a unos 251 km aguas abajo del histórico distrito minero de Leadville. Casi todos los coloides y sedimentos contaminados llegan al embalse Pueblo Reservoir y a la zona pesquera de luciopercas. Comparamos las concentraciones de THg y TSe en 15 tejidos de luciopercas (agrupados en “grupos de tejidos funcionales”) con el contenido estomacal de la lucioperca y del sábalo molleja, principal presa de la lucioperca. Encontramos que el THg en el músculo epaxial y el músculo cardíaco ocupaban el primer y segundo lugar, respectivamente, y además los resultados indicaban una diferencia significativa entre los dos tipos de músculo. A dif
摘要总汞(THg)和总硒(TSe)浓度如何在一个主要矿区下游的水库中变化的研究很少，该水库的盆地由白垩纪沉积含硒露头组成。科罗拉多州的普韦布洛水库的水源来自阿肯色河上游，自1859年开始采矿以来，阿肯色河一直受到微量金属和类金属的污染。普韦布洛水库是阿肯色河上游唯一的主要水库，位于历史悠久的莱德维尔矿区下游约251公里处。几乎所有受污染的胶体和沉积物最终都到达了普韦布洛水库和它的白眼渔业。我们比较了聚集在“功能组织群”中的15个白眼组织中THg和TSe的浓度，以及白眼胃内容物和白眼的主要饲料鱼(沙鱼)。我们发现，THg在外轴肌和心肌的浓度分别排在第一位和第二位，结果表明，THg在两种肌肉类型之间存在显著差异。与THg不同，肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、卵巢/卵和鳃组织中TSe水平最高，除2对组织外，其余组织中TSe水平差异显著。当砂囊和胃内容物中的THg和TSe与各组织中的水平进行比较时，发现显著差异。我们在普韦布洛水库的THg浓度普遍低于北美西部其他地点;但TSe浓度较高且差异显著。数据表明，THg组织水平似乎低于既定的鱼类健康基准，但许多TSe组织浓度高于临界阈值。Resumen。2 .从工厂到工厂，从工厂到工厂，从工厂到工厂，从工厂到工厂，从工厂到工厂，从工厂到工厂，从工厂到工厂，从工厂到工厂，从工厂到工厂，从工厂到工厂，从工厂到工厂，从工厂到工厂，从工厂到工厂。El embalse Pueblo Reservoir, en Colorado, se alimenta del agua del río Upper Arkansas, que the sido compendeado porza de metalines de la inicio de explotación minera, en 1859。El embalse puebloo水库位于El único embalse del curso superior del río Arkansas，位于aguas abajo del histórico矿主de Leadville区，全长251公里。Casi todolos因沉积物污染而失去了colloides，并通过la zona pesquera de luciopercas合法地保护了Pueblo水库。比较15个国家和地区的luciopercas (agrupados en " groupos de tejidos funonales ")与国家和地区的lucioperca (sábalo molleja, lucioperca的主要负责人)之间的关系。Encontramos, el THg en el musculo y轴上的el musculo cardiaco ocupaban el底漆y segundo卢格,respectivamente y除了洛resultados indicaban una diferencia significativa之间洛杉矶dos de musculo蒂波。一个不同的del THg, los niveles de TSe fueron más altos en los tejidos del hígado, el bazo, el riñón, el ovario/óvulo y las branquias, y todos los pares de tejidos，除了en dos, fueron显著差异。两种植物的产生量差异显著，分别为comparó el contenido de la molleja和estómago el conel，两种植物的产生量差异显著。一般情况下，unestros resultados de thefueron, más bajos que en otros lugares de oeste de north teamsaca。在禁运期间，两国间的贸易集中度(más)存在显著差异。Los datos indican que Los niveles de thelos tejidos parla salud de Los peces, unique as concentraciones de thelos tejidos建立por encima de Los umbrales críticos。
{"title":"Trace Elements in Walleye Tissues and Dietary Components from an Impoundment Located Downstream of the Leadville Mining District, Colorado, I: Hg and Se","authors":"S. J. Herrmann, D. Nimmo, Igor V. Melnykov","doi":"10.3398/064.082.0209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3398/064.082.0209","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. There is a paucity of studies focusing on how total mercury (THg) and total selenium (TSe) concentrations vary in walleye tissues and prey organisms from a reservoir that is downstream from a major mining district and whose basin consists of Cretaceous sedimentary Se-bearing outcroppings. Pueblo Reservoir in Colorado is fed by water from the upper Arkansas River, which has been polluted by trace metals and metalloids since mining began in 1859. Pueblo Reservoir is the only mainstem impoundment on the Upper Arkansas River and is located about 251 km downstream from the historic Leadville Mining District. Nearly all the contaminated colloids and sediment eventually reach Pueblo Reservoir and its walleye fishery. We compared THg and TSe concentrations among 15 walleye tissues clustered within “functional tissue groups,” and with walleye stomach contents and the walleye's primary forage fish (gizzard shad). We found that THg concentration in epaxial muscle and cardiac muscle ranked first and second, respectively, and results indicated a significant difference in THg between the 2 muscle types. Unlike THg, TSe levels were highest for liver, spleen, kidney, ovary/egg, and gill tissues, and TSe levels in all but 2 tissue pairings were significantly different. Significant differences occurred when THg and TSe in gizzard shad and stomach contents were compared to levels in each tissue. Our THg concentrations at the Pueblo Reservoir were generally lower than at other sites in western North America; however, TSe concentrations were higher and markedly different. The data indicate that THg tissue levels appear to be lower than established fish health benchmarks, yet many TSe tissue concentrations were above critical thresholds. Resumen. Son escasos los estudios centrados en cómo varían las concentraciones de mercurio total (THg) y selenio total (TSe) en los tejidos de luciopercas y en sus presas en un embalse situado aguas abajo de un importante distrito minero y cuya cuenca está formada por afloramientos sedimentarios cretácicos portadores de selenio. El embalse Pueblo Reservoir, en Colorado, se alimenta del agua del río Upper Arkansas, que ha sido contaminado por trazas de metales y metaloides desde el inicio de la explotación minera en 1859. El embalse Pueblo Reservoir es el único embalse del curso superior del río Arkansas, a unos 251 km aguas abajo del histórico distrito minero de Leadville. Casi todos los coloides y sedimentos contaminados llegan al embalse Pueblo Reservoir y a la zona pesquera de luciopercas. Comparamos las concentraciones de THg y TSe en 15 tejidos de luciopercas (agrupados en “grupos de tejidos funcionales”) con el contenido estomacal de la lucioperca y del sábalo molleja, principal presa de la lucioperca. Encontramos que el THg en el músculo epaxial y el músculo cardíaco ocupaban el primer y segundo lugar, respectivamente, y además los resultados indicaban una diferencia significativa entre los dos tipos de músculo. A dif","PeriodicalId":49364,"journal":{"name":"Western North American Naturalist","volume":"82 1","pages":"346 - 361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86077719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Most studies of selenium (Se) bioaccumulation and trophic transfer in freshwater habitats have focused primarily on lotic and lentic sites in regions of elevated selenium. In contrast to previous reports, we proposed investigating Se partitioning from water to subsequent trophic levels in oligotrophic montane lakes using concentrations in water, sediment, periphyton, and filamentous algae, and also in the stomach contents and tissues of cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The indicator values for the level-one (water to particulate) partitioning coefficients (Kd values) or enrichment factors (EFs) were as high as 1,641,000 L/kg dry weight and as low as 14,843. Values of Upper Sand Creek Lake partitioning coefficients in Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve were 36,529 using sediment, 28,000 using filamentous algae, and 1,641,000 using periphyton. For Lower Sand Creek Lake the partitioning coefficients were 14,843 for sediment, 17,250 for filamentous algae, and 32,415 for periphyton. The level-two metric (particulates to invertebrate trout stomach contents) was 1.18 for the mean trophic transfer factor for invertebrates of Upper Sand Creek Lake, 1.31 for Lower Sand Creek Lake, and 1.77 for Lake Louise. The level-three indicator (invertebrates to trout tissues) values for Lake Louise, Lower and Upper Sand Creek Lakes, and Trappers Lake varied by tissue type. For the 4 Colorado sites, the range of trophic transfer factors was 2.31–5.25 for trout liver, 1.30–2.64 for ovary/egg, and 0.28–1.08 for epaxial muscle. We proposed nonlinear food web exposure scenarios for 3 subalpine lakes. We compared Colorado trophic transfer factors for trout to those for cutthroat trout from Se-richer lentic sites in British Columbia, Canada. We concluded that historical (50 years or less) surficial sediment concentrations could be used to generate appropriate partitioning coefficients in oligotrophic montane lakes. Selenium concentrations in stomach contents appeared representative of a range of trout dietborne invertebrates. Resumen. La mayoría de los estudios sobre la bioacumulación de selenio (Se) y la transferencia trófica en hábitats de agua dulce se han enfocado principalmente en lugares lóticos y lénticos en regiones seleníferas elevadas. En contraste con los reportes anteriores, nos propusimos investigar la fragmentación del Se en el agua a los niveles tróficos posteriores en lagos montañosos oligotróficos, utilizando concentraciones en agua, sedimento, perifiton, algas filamentosas, contenido estomacal y tejidos de trucha degollada (Oncorhynchus clarkii), analizados mediante Espectrometría de Masas con Plasma Acoplado Inductivamente (ICP-MS por sus siglas en inglés). Los valores indicadores del nivel uno (partículas en agua) de los coeficientes de partición (Kd) o factores de enriquecimiento (EF) fueron mayores a 1,641,000 (L/kg de peso seco) y menores a 14,843. Los valores d
摘要大多数关于淡水生境中硒的生物积累和营养转移的研究主要集中在硒含量高的地区的地理和地理位置。与之前的报道相反，我们提出利用水、沉积物、周围植物和丝状藻类中的浓度，以及电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)分析克拉氏切喉鳟鱼(Oncorhynchus clarkii)胃内容物和组织中的浓度，来研究低营养山地湖泊中硒从水中到后续营养水平的分配。一级(水颗粒)分配系数(Kd值)或富集因子(EFs)的指标值最高可达1,641,000 L/kg干重，最低可达14,843。大沙丘国家公园和保护区上沙溪湖分区系数分别为:沉积物分配系数为36,529，丝状藻类分配系数为28,000，周围植物分配系数为1,641,000。下沙溪湖沉积物分配系数为14,843，丝状藻类分配系数为17,250，周围植物分配系数为32,415。上沙溪湖无脊椎动物的平均营养转移因子为1.18，下沙溪湖为1.31，路易斯湖为1.77。路易斯湖、上沙溪湖和下沙溪湖的3级指标(无脊椎动物到鳟鱼组织)值因组织类型而异。科罗拉多州4个试验点的营养转移因子范围分别为:鲑鱼肝脏2.31 ~ 5.25，卵巢/卵1.30 ~ 2.64，外轴肌0.28 ~ 1.08。我们提出了3个亚高山湖泊的非线性食物网暴露情景。我们比较了科罗拉多州鳟鱼的营养转移因子和来自加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省富硒地区的切喉鳟鱼的营养转移因子。我们认为，历史(50年或更短)的地表沉积物浓度可以用于产生适当的分配系数在少营养山地湖泊。胃内容物中的硒浓度似乎代表了一系列鳟鱼食源性无脊椎动物。Resumen。La mayoría de los studioos sobre La bioacumulación de selenio (Se) y La transferencia trófica en hábitats de aguela dulce Se de enfocado principalmente en lugares lóticos y icendos en regiones seleníferas elevadas。与以前的报告相比，没有建议调查研究:(fragmentación del seen el agua和los niveles tróficos posteriores En lagos montañosos oligotróficos，利用agua、沉积物、沉淀物、藻类丝状物，对agua、trucha degollada (Oncorhynchus clarkii)进行浓缩，分析媒介(Espectrometría de Masas con Plasma Acoplado Inductivamente (ICP-MS por sus siglas En inglsamas))。Los valores indicators del nivel uno (partículas en agua)、Los coefficient de partición (Kd)、res de enriquecimiento (EF) fueron mayores (L/kg de peso seco)、res(14,843)。Los valores de Los coefes de partición del lago上沙溪和大沙丘国家公园和保护区，36,529个沉积物，28,000个藻类细丝和1,641,000个沉积物。在el lago Lower Sand Creek, 14843个沉积物，17250个藻丝和32415个沉淀物的损失系数为partición fueron。Los valores en el nivel dos (partículas en invertebrados del contenido estomacal de las truchas) para la función de transferencia trófica promedio de Los invertebrados del lago Upper Sand Creek fue de 1.18, del lago Lower Sand Creek de 1.31和del lago Louise de 1.77。Los valores del indicador de nivel树(无尾树和tejidos de trucha) en el lago Louise, Los lagos Lower y Upper Sand Creek和el lago Trappers变种según el tipo de tejido。En los cuatro lugares de Colorado, el rango de las functionones de transferencia trófica En el hígado de la trucha fue de 2.31-5.25， óvulo-ovario de 1.30-2.64, y músculo epaxial de 0.28-1.08。关于拉各斯亚阿尔卑斯地区红色食品的建议方案(exposición)。在加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省和 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -的比较。结论:研究了地表沉积物浓度与浓度的关系históricas (50 años o menos) de los sedimentos surfacales podían利用了相对一般系数de fragmentación adecuados en lagos oligotróficos de montaña。Las concentraciones de selenios en el contenido del estómago parecieron代表了unvaredas和interbrados transmitidopla dieta de la trucha。
{"title":"Field-Based Selenium Partitioning Coefficients and Trophic Transfer Factors for Cutthroat Trout Fisheries from Four Montane Lakes, Colorado, USA","authors":"S. J. Herrmann, D. Nimmo, L. Herrmann-Hoesing","doi":"10.3398/064.082.0207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3398/064.082.0207","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Most studies of selenium (Se) bioaccumulation and trophic transfer in freshwater habitats have focused primarily on lotic and lentic sites in regions of elevated selenium. In contrast to previous reports, we proposed investigating Se partitioning from water to subsequent trophic levels in oligotrophic montane lakes using concentrations in water, sediment, periphyton, and filamentous algae, and also in the stomach contents and tissues of cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The indicator values for the level-one (water to particulate) partitioning coefficients (Kd values) or enrichment factors (EFs) were as high as 1,641,000 L/kg dry weight and as low as 14,843. Values of Upper Sand Creek Lake partitioning coefficients in Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve were 36,529 using sediment, 28,000 using filamentous algae, and 1,641,000 using periphyton. For Lower Sand Creek Lake the partitioning coefficients were 14,843 for sediment, 17,250 for filamentous algae, and 32,415 for periphyton. The level-two metric (particulates to invertebrate trout stomach contents) was 1.18 for the mean trophic transfer factor for invertebrates of Upper Sand Creek Lake, 1.31 for Lower Sand Creek Lake, and 1.77 for Lake Louise. The level-three indicator (invertebrates to trout tissues) values for Lake Louise, Lower and Upper Sand Creek Lakes, and Trappers Lake varied by tissue type. For the 4 Colorado sites, the range of trophic transfer factors was 2.31–5.25 for trout liver, 1.30–2.64 for ovary/egg, and 0.28–1.08 for epaxial muscle. We proposed nonlinear food web exposure scenarios for 3 subalpine lakes. We compared Colorado trophic transfer factors for trout to those for cutthroat trout from Se-richer lentic sites in British Columbia, Canada. We concluded that historical (50 years or less) surficial sediment concentrations could be used to generate appropriate partitioning coefficients in oligotrophic montane lakes. Selenium concentrations in stomach contents appeared representative of a range of trout dietborne invertebrates. Resumen. La mayoría de los estudios sobre la bioacumulación de selenio (Se) y la transferencia trófica en hábitats de agua dulce se han enfocado principalmente en lugares lóticos y lénticos en regiones seleníferas elevadas. En contraste con los reportes anteriores, nos propusimos investigar la fragmentación del Se en el agua a los niveles tróficos posteriores en lagos montañosos oligotróficos, utilizando concentraciones en agua, sedimento, perifiton, algas filamentosas, contenido estomacal y tejidos de trucha degollada (Oncorhynchus clarkii), analizados mediante Espectrometría de Masas con Plasma Acoplado Inductivamente (ICP-MS por sus siglas en inglés). Los valores indicadores del nivel uno (partículas en agua) de los coeficientes de partición (Kd) o factores de enriquecimiento (EF) fueron mayores a 1,641,000 (L/kg de peso seco) y menores a 14,843. Los valores d","PeriodicalId":49364,"journal":{"name":"Western North American Naturalist","volume":"136 1","pages":"287 - 306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77676737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：