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Identifying determinants of sustainable water management at the household level through rainwater harvesting systems in Nepal 通过尼泊尔的雨水收集系统确定家庭一级可持续水管理的决定因素
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2022-10-06 DOI: 10.2166/wp.2022.113
Anusha Thapa, Ghanashyam Khanal, S. Mahapatra, Niranjan Devkota, Surendra Mahato, U. R. Paudel
The urban water supply systems around the world are highly stressed at present due to growing water demand caused by rapid population growth and unplanned urbanization. The growing environmental awareness and water supply restrictions have made, rainwater harvesting systems (RWHS) a priority as well as a necessity in many countries. To improve urban water security, the practice of an RWHS is increasingly being adopted in the cities and towns of developing countries. This study aims at identifying the factors affecting the adoption of rainwater harvesting for household uses in the Kathmandu valley (KV) of Nepal. The results were drawn from a survey of 405 respondents who reside in the KV. To explain the determinants of adaptation, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used. Results show that independence for water access and system sophistication are significant for the adaptation of RWHS and relative advantage plays a moderating role that has partial mediation among dependent and independent variables with a significant relationship. Thus, variables like independence for water access, system sophistication, relative advantage and sustainable use should be highlighted for a sustainable supply of water. For this, we recommend effective policy interventions at the local and national level for the adoption of RWHS and its advantages in terms of safeguarding water in the long run at the present changing climate scenario.
由于人口快速增长和无计划的城市化导致的用水需求不断增加,目前世界各地的城市供水系统压力很大。在许多国家,日益增长的环境意识和供水限制使得雨水收集系统成为优先事项和必要条件。为了改善城市水安全,发展中国家的城市和城镇越来越多地采用了RWHS的做法。本研究旨在确定影响尼泊尔加德满都山谷(KV)家庭使用雨水收集的因素。该结果来自对居住在KV的405名受访者的调查。为了解释适应的决定因素,结构方程模型(SEM)被使用。结果表明,水源获取的独立性和系统复杂程度对生态系统的适应性具有显著影响,相对优势在因变量和自变量之间具有部分中介作用,且关系显著。因此,为了实现可持续的供水,应强调诸如取水的独立性、系统的复杂性、相对优势和可持续利用等变量。为此,我们建议在地方和国家层面采取有效的政策干预措施,以采用RWHS及其在当前气候变化情况下长期保护水资源方面的优势。
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引用次数: 3
Depression: Does water matters? 抑郁症:水重要吗?
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2022-10-05 DOI: 10.2166/wp.2022.263
Hongxu Shi
Subjective well-being is a metric for assessing the effectiveness of the public policy. However, the relationship between depression, an important indicator of subjective well-being, and access to clean water (ACW) has received scant attention. This study investigates the effect of ACW on depression using the 2014–2018 waves of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). Using ordinary least squares (OLS) two-way fixed effects (FE) estimation, the results indicate that ACW leads to lower levels of depression. The ACW–depression relationship is mediated by individual self-reported health and household food expenditure, but the mechanism varies across subsamples, as determined by structural equation modelling of the underlying mechanisms. The results of the heterogeneity analysis demonstrated that the total effect of the absence of ACW on depression is mitigated when rural migrants reside in cities, and that the effect disappears entirely when the migrant has an urban hukou. These findings demonstrate the negative impact of urban–rural disparities and hukou issues on mental health.
主观幸福感是评估公共政策有效性的一个指标。然而,作为主观幸福感的重要指标,抑郁症与获得清洁水(ACW)之间的关系却很少受到关注。本研究利用2014-2018年中国家庭小组研究(CFPS)的浪潮,调查了ACW对抑郁症的影响。使用普通最小二乘(OLS)双向固定效应(FE)估计,结果表明ACW导致较低水平的抑郁。ACW-抑郁关系是由个人自我报告的健康和家庭食品支出介导的,但其机制因子样本而异,这是由潜在机制的结构方程模型确定的。异质性分析的结果表明,当农村移民居住在城市时,没有ACW对抑郁症的总体影响减轻,而当移民拥有城市户口时,这种影响完全消失。这些发现证明了城乡差距和户口问题对心理健康的负面影响。
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引用次数: 0
A role for water markets in enhancing water security in the western United States?: Lessons from the Walker River Basin 水市场在加强美国西部水安全方面的作用?沃克河流域的经验教训
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2022-10-05 DOI: 10.2166/wp.2022.071
Elizabeth A. Koebele, L. Singletary, Shelby E. Hockaday, K. J. Ormerod
In many semi-arid, snow-fed river systems, climate change is shifting the timing and quantity of streamflow, while changing water use priorities introduce additional demands on water supplies. These dynamics challenge water security across the globe. Water markets – economic instruments used to reallocate water via voluntary trade – may be used to adapt to these changes, though their implementation remains limited. To understand how water markets may enhance water security in the western United States, we assess diverse actors’ perceptions of water allocation institutions broadly, as well as their preferences for different water market designs, in the empirical context of the Walker River Basin. This 4,200-square mile watershed, located on the California-Nevada border, exemplifies many key regional water management challenges. Through an analysis of 30 in-depth interviews, we find that actors across sectors desire changes to traditional water allocation institutions, preferably at the local level, and view markets as an acceptable tool for reallocation. Despite identified legal and social challenges, markets that facilitate temporary water trading are generally preferred. While limited to the context of a single basin, these findings provide lessons for designing water markets to enhance water security in basins regionally and beyond.
在许多半干旱、白雪皑皑的河流系统中,气候变化正在改变流量的时间和数量,而用水优先顺序的变化对供水提出了额外的需求。这些动态对全球水资源安全构成挑战。水市场——用于通过自愿贸易重新分配水资源的经济工具——可以用来适应这些变化,尽管其实施仍然有限。为了了解水市场如何加强美国西部的水安全,我们在沃克河流域的经验背景下,广泛评估了不同参与者对水分配机构的看法,以及他们对不同水市场设计的偏好。这个4200平方英里的分水岭位于加利福尼亚-内华达州边界,体现了许多关键的区域水管理挑战。通过对30次深入访谈的分析,我们发现,各部门的行动者都希望改变传统的水资源分配机构,最好是在地方一级,并将市场视为一种可接受的重新分配工具。尽管已确定存在法律和社会挑战,但促进临时水交易的市场通常是首选。虽然仅限于单个流域的情况,但这些发现为设计水市场提供了经验教训,以加强区域内外流域的水安全。
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引用次数: 1
Prediction of water resource carrying status based on the ‘three red lines’ water resource management policy in the coastal area of Jiangsu Province, China 基于“三条红线”水资源管理政策的江苏沿海地区水资源承载状况预测
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2022-10-05 DOI: 10.2166/wp.2022.059
Guangli Yang, Z. Fan, Dongzhou Li, Shengnan Feng, Guoqing Liu, Qiyun Li, Z. Dong
Recently, the Chinese government has issued various policies to regulate water resource management. The ‘three red lines’ policy is one of the most important. To quantify the influence of the ‘three red lines’ policy on water resource carrying status (WRCS), analyze the shortcomings of the current water resource management and provide support for adjusting the direction of water resource management, we constructed a system dynamics model that considered ‘red line’ constraint feedback and simulated changes in WRCS characterization indicators from the period 2019 to 2040 in coastal cities of Jiangsu Province. The WRCS in Nantong city from 2019 to 2035 was medium and that from 2035 to 2040 was poor; that in Yancheng city from 2019 to 2037 was medium and that from 2038 to 2040 was poor; that in Lianyungang city from 2019 to 2036 was medium and that from 2037 to 2040 was poor. We then constructed three schemes with strategies to improve the WRCS. Compared with the initial scheme, Scheme I, involving further enhanced water resource utilization efficiency and reduced discharge of pollutants, improved the WRCS. Based on Scheme III, the economic scale can be expanded by increasing economic development at an appropriate speed, while the WRCS remains almost consistent with the initial scheme.
最近,中国政府颁布了各种政策来规范水资源管理。“三条红线”政策是其中最重要的一条。为量化“三条红线”政策对水资源承载状况(WRCS)的影响,分析当前水资源管理存在的不足,为调整水资源管理方向提供支持,构建了考虑“三条红线”约束反馈的系统动力学模型,模拟了江苏省沿海城市2019 - 2040年水资源承载状况表征指标的变化。2019 - 2035年南通市WRCS为中等,2035 - 2040年为较差;盐城市2019 - 2037年为中等,2038 - 2040年为较差;连云港市2019年至2036年为中等水平,2037年至2040年为较差水平。然后,我们构建了三个方案,并提出了改进WRCS的策略。与初始方案相比,方案一进一步提高了水资源利用效率,减少了污染物排放,提高了WRCS。在方案三的基础上,以适当的速度增加经济发展,可以扩大经济规模,而WRCS与初始方案基本保持一致。
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引用次数: 1
Evaluating the costs and components of a territory-wide household water storage and treatment program in the US Virgin Islands 评估美属维尔京群岛全地区家庭水储存和处理计划的成本和组成部分
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2022-09-29 DOI: 10.2166/wp.2022.127
L. Voth-Gaeddert, D. Momberg, Kela Brathwaite, Andrew Schranck, Stephen Libbey, Mandy Lemley
Among island communities, water security and access continue to be a critical issue. In the US Virgin Islands (USVI), 90% of households are capable of collecting roof-harvested rainwater, whereas less than 25% of households are connected to a municipal water system serviced by desalination plants. Rainwater collection leaves the household in charge of managing and treating their own water. Therefore, understanding current barriers to accessing water treatment technologies and the costs of a water storage and treatment program at scale are critical in developing a territory-wide program. In this study, we evaluate (1) household-level barriers to accessing water treatment technologies, (2) a cost breakdown of a UV water treatment pilot program, and (3) potential estimates of program costs at a territory-wide scale. The results suggest that for households, key barriers include knowledge of the problem or solution and capital and installation costs. From the programmatic cost evaluation, the water treatment technology and water testing services were the most expensive. However, given key adjustments, a territory-wide program is estimated to cost $30.4 M covering 50% of households. These data can be used by a coalition of stakeholders in allocating financial and managerial responsibility for a territory-wide water storage and treatment program in the USVI.
在岛屿社区中,水的安全和获取仍然是一个关键问题。在美属维尔京群岛(USVI), 90%的家庭能够收集屋顶收集的雨水,而只有不到25%的家庭连接到由海水淡化厂提供服务的市政供水系统。雨水收集让家庭负责管理和处理自己的水。因此,了解目前获取水处理技术的障碍,以及大规模水储存和处理计划的成本,对于制定一项全港性计划至关重要。在本研究中,我们评估了(1)家庭层面获取水处理技术的障碍,(2)紫外线水处理试点项目的成本分解,以及(3)在全港范围内对项目成本的潜在估计。结果表明,对于家庭来说,主要障碍包括对问题或解决方案的了解以及资金和安装成本。从方案成本评价来看,水处理技术和水检测服务是最昂贵的。然而,考虑到关键的调整,一项覆盖50%家庭的全港性计划估计将耗资3040万美元。这些数据可以被利益相关者联盟用于分配财政和管理责任,为美属维尔京群岛的一个全领土的水储存和处理计划。
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引用次数: 3
Agricultural water use efficiency and spatial spillover effect considering undesired output in China 考虑非期望产出的中国农业用水效率和空间溢出效应
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2022-09-12 DOI: 10.2166/wp.2022.111
Dong Rui, N. Riaz, Wu Guoyong, G. Qiang
Solving the problem of agricultural water use efficiency is an effective means to understand the agricultural ecological civilization and food security. In order to balance the relationship between agriculture water efficiency and regional economic size, this study examines the agricultural water use efficiency in China based on the Super-SBM model of unexpected output. At the same time, the Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) was introduced to analyze the spatial spillover effect and try to find ways to improve agricultural water use efficiency from the perspective of influencing factors. The present study used the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 1998 to 2018 for obtaining empirical results. The results show that (1) China's agricultural water resources’ utilization efficiency in 21 years has not remained high, the results showed that it was 0.496 in 1998, 0.572 in 2008, and 0.657 in 2018, but it is slowly rising which explains that the low efficiency is mainly caused by the low pure technical efficiency; (2) the overall agricultural water use efficiency in China is in a situation of spatial agglomeration but there has been a trend of shifting positive correlations to negative correlations among neighboring provinces, The study found that compared with 1998 in 2018, high–high agglomeration type and low–low agglomeration type down from 20 provinces 12 provinces, And low – high agglomeration type and high–low agglomeration type’ is increased from 10 provinces to 2018, which specifically manifested as a negative spillover effect; (3) during the research period, the province's agricultural fixed asset investment, fiscal expenditure on agriculture, forestry, and water affairs, the number of years of education of rural residents and the increase in crop sown area have positive impacts on the efficiency of agricultural water use in the province. While the transfer of labor and increase in the disposable income of rural residents reduced the efficiency of agricultural water use in the province. Fixed agricultural investment, labor transfers, and financial expenditures for agriculture, forestry, and water affairs in neighboring provinces have negative impacts on the province's agricultural water use efficiency. The impact is specifically manifested as a negative spatial spillover effect. As a result, China's agriculture will move towards healthy and green development. Therefore, the efficiency of agricultural water use needs to be comprehensively improved.
解决农业用水效率问题是认识农业生态文明和粮食安全的有效手段。为了平衡农业用水效率与区域经济规模之间的关系,本研究基于超SBM非预期产出模型考察了中国农业用水效率。同时,引入空间德宾模型(SDM)分析空间溢出效应,试图从影响因素的角度寻找提高农业用水效率的途径。本研究采用1998年至2018年中国30个省份的面板数据进行实证研究。结果表明:(1)21年来,我国农业水资源利用效率一直不高,1998年为0.496,2008年为0.572,2018年为0.657,但仍在缓慢上升,这说明效率低主要是由于纯技术效率低造成的;(2) 中国农业用水效率总体呈空间集聚态势,但相邻省份之间存在正相关向负相关转移的趋势。研究发现,与2018年的1998年相比,高-高集聚型和低-低集聚型从20个省份下降到12个省份,低-高集聚型和高-低集聚型从10个省份增加到2018年,具体表现为负溢出效应;(3) 在研究期间,该省农业固定资产投资、财政农林水利支出、农村居民受教育年限和作物播种面积的增加对该省农业用水效率有积极影响。而劳动力转移和农村居民可支配收入的增加降低了该省的农业用水效率。农业固定投资、劳动力转移和邻近省份的农业、林业和水务财政支出对该省的农业用水效率产生负面影响。这种影响具体表现为负面的空间溢出效应。因此,中国农业将走向健康和绿色发展。因此,农业用水效率需要全面提高。
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引用次数: 1
A novel framework for planning policy and responsible stakeholders in industrial wastewater reuse projects: a case study in Iran 工业废水回用项目中规划政策和负责任利益相关者的新框架:伊朗案例研究
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.2166/wp.2022.078
F. Piadeh, M. Ahmadi, K. Behzadian
Industrial wastewater recycling projects are mainly used for alleviation of both water scarcity and contamination of freshwater bodies. These projects mainly address major challenges related to technological and economic aspects rather than stakeholders’ responsibility. Hence, little is known for the role of responsible stakeholders as a major part of planning policy, which requires recognition of their crucial role and integration into associated procedures. This paper presents a new decision support framework to identify responsible stakeholders and reveal the role of their motivations. The approach integrates qualitative and frequency analysis methods into a comprehensive framework to identify the problems over the project lifetime from visible to their roots and link them together with stakeholders through deep mapping. The planning policy framework is applied to a real-world case study of industrial parks in Iran. The results of the case study show that visible economic, social, and technological problems are caused by responsible stakeholders with no direct role in those projects. Additionally, deep mapping analysis shows various deep roots caused by the government and industry are linked to visible problems across all project phases that are related to the role of stakeholders, their behaviour, and deep beliefs.
工业废水回收项目主要用于缓解缺水和淡水水体污染。这些项目主要解决与技术和经济方面有关的重大挑战,而不是利益攸关方的责任。因此,作为规划政策的主要组成部分,负责任的利益相关者的作用鲜为人知,这需要承认他们的关键作用并纳入相关程序。本文提出了一个新的决策支持框架,以确定负责任的利益相关者,并揭示他们动机的作用。该方法将定性和频率分析方法集成到一个全面的框架中,以从根源上识别项目生命周期中的问题,并通过深度映射将其与利益相关者联系在一起。规划政策框架应用于伊朗工业园区的真实案例研究。案例研究的结果表明,可见的经济、社会和技术问题是由在这些项目中没有直接作用的负责任的利益相关者造成的。此外,深度映射分析显示,政府和行业造成的各种深层次根源与所有项目阶段的可见问题有关,这些问题与利益相关者的角色、他们的行为和深层次信念有关。
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引用次数: 4
Identifying evolving priorities in national river governance from Parliamentary Questions 从议会问题中确定国家河流治理中不断变化的优先事项
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2022-09-02 DOI: 10.2166/wp.2022.125
A. Azhoni, I. Holman, R. Grabowski
Rivers and their surrounding land provide resources and services that result in trade-offs requiring legislative and institutional interventions, for which the perspectives of law-policymakers and their societal values and political expediencies play a major role in decision-making. This study critically evaluates the evolving land–river governance in large democratically elected governments with complex developmental priorities and how law-policymakers’ recognition of emerging issues of river management influences common pool environmental resources governance. We selected an emerging economy – India – and analysed Parliamentary Questions (PQs) between 1999 and 2020 using a mixed method approach. Conflicting priorities over economic development, pollution management, socio-cultural values and inter-state–centre issues shape the evolving priorities of land–river governance. A declining focus on large-scale dams coupled with increasing attention on inter-basin water transfers, river conservation and pollution abatement, demonstrates an evolution away from the earlier narrow view of rivers for irrigation and hydropower. Our analysis demonstrates how the priorities of law-policymakers and political expedience play a critical role in river governance and thereby provide important insights into common pool environmental resources governance for sustainable development while also identifying important knowledge gaps and suggesting scopes for interdisciplinary studies.
河流及其周围的土地提供的资源和服务需要立法和制度干预,因此,法律制定者的观点及其社会价值观和政治权宜之计在决策中起着重要作用。本研究批判性地评估了具有复杂发展优先级的大型民主选举政府中不断发展的陆地-河流治理,以及法律制定者对河流管理新问题的认识如何影响公共池环境资源治理。我们选择了一个新兴经济体——印度——并使用混合方法分析了1999年至2020年间的议会问题(PQs)。在经济发展、污染管理、社会文化价值和国家间中心问题上相互冲突的优先事项形成了陆地-河流治理的不断演变的优先事项。减少对大型水坝的关注,同时增加对流域间调水、河流养护和减少污染的关注,表明一种转变,不再像以前那样狭隘地认为河流用于灌溉和水力发电。我们的分析展示了法律制定者的优先事项和政治权宜之计如何在河流治理中发挥关键作用,从而为可持续发展的公共池环境资源治理提供了重要见解,同时也确定了重要的知识差距并提出了跨学科研究的范围。
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引用次数: 0
A review of the removal of heavy metal ions in wastewater by modified montmorillonite 改性蒙脱土去除废水中重金属离子的研究进展
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2022-08-18 DOI: 10.2166/wp.2022.033
Yan Shi, Songtao Zhong, Xin Wang, C. Feng
Heavy metal pollution in water environment has always been a hot issue in environmental pollution research. Among various removal methods of heavy metal pollution, adsorption has attracted attention because of its low cost and low secondary pollution. Montmorillonite is one of an ideal adsorption materials because of its natural pore structure and a high specific surface area. In this review, the modification methods of montmorillonite are introduced. The adsorption effect of different heavy metal ions and the main factors affecting the adsorption are discussed in detail. Meanwhile, the adsorption mechanism is intensively reviewed. The removal of Cr(VI), Cd(II), Pb(II), Cu(II), Cs(I), Co(II), Hg(II), Zn(II), Ni(II), and other nine heavy metal ions by modified montmorillonite was summarized and discussed, and the optimal pH values for different adsorbents were also different, but they were all less than 7, and the removal rates of heavy metal ions by modified montmorillonite under optimal conditions were all greater than 90%. It is concluded that the composite montmorillonite material has a great adsorption potential. Finally, it is proposed that the combination of advanced oxidation and composite montmorillonite material adsorption to remove heavy metal ions is an important direction of adsorption and removal of heavy metal ions in the water environment in the future.
水环境中的重金属污染一直是环境污染研究的热点问题。在各种去除重金属污染的方法中,吸附法以其低成本和低二次污染而备受关注。蒙脱石具有天然的孔结构和高比表面积,是一种理想的吸附材料。本文介绍了蒙脱石的改性方法。详细讨论了不同重金属离子的吸附效果及影响吸附的主要因素。同时,对吸附机理进行了深入的综述。总结和讨论了改性蒙脱土对Cr(VI)、Cd(II)、Pb(II),Cu(II)和Cs(I),Co(II)以及Hg(II)与Zn(II)及Ni(II)等9种重金属离子的去除效果,不同吸附剂的最佳pH值也不同,但均小于7,在最佳条件下,改性蒙脱土对重金属离子的去除率均大于90%。结果表明,复合蒙脱土材料具有较大的吸附潜力。最后,提出将高级氧化与复合蒙脱石材料吸附相结合去除重金属离子是未来水环境中重金属离子吸附去除的重要方向。
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引用次数: 4
Analysis of agriculture water pricing reform in a water-deficit area of Northwest China 西北缺水地区农业水价改革分析
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2022-08-17 DOI: 10.2166/wp.2022.288
Yongyu Qu, Jian Kang, Xichen Lin, H. Ni, Yunzhong Jiang, Genfa Chen
Northwest China frequently experiences significant droughts and water shortages. To better balance the supply and demand, and provide sufficient funds for water resource projects, this study applied a computable general equilibrium model to construct an agricultural water pricing policy model that depends on the crops' economic value and regional water use characteristics. Wuwei City in Gansu Province was used as a case study to test the model. Three agricultural water price increase policies and three supporting subsidy policies were developed. The study quantitatively investigated the impact of these policies on the agricultural economy, water use, and efficiency of water use from different water sources. The results indicated that water pricing reform promotes water conservation and improves water use efficiency. Subsidies can reduce the negative impact of water pricing policies on the agricultural economy. Economic crops (e.g. vegetables) are more sensitive to water prices compared to food crops (e.g. wheat). Finally, to best our knowledge, this study provided the best water pricing reform scenario expected to be the most effective for local development.
中国西北地区经常经历严重的干旱和缺水。为了更好地平衡供需,为水资源项目提供充足的资金,本研究应用可计算的一般均衡模型,构建了一个基于作物经济价值和区域用水特征的农业水价政策模型。以甘肃省武威市为例,对该模型进行了验证。制定了三项农业水价上涨政策和三项配套补贴政策。该研究定量调查了这些政策对不同水源的农业经济、用水和用水效率的影响。结果表明,水价改革有利于节约用水,提高用水效率。补贴可以减少水价政策对农业经济的负面影响。与粮食作物(如小麦)相比,经济作物(如蔬菜)对水价更敏感。最后,据我们所知,这项研究提供了最好的水价改革方案,预计对当地发展最有效。
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引用次数: 2
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