Leila Elisa Gartner, M. Demoliner, Viviane Girardi, Kelen Gras de Oliveira, F. G. de Souza, A. Henzel
The presence of coliforms, Mastadenovirus (AdV), and Canine protoparvovirus (CPV) in an Environmental Education Center, which contains city kennel, was investigated. Surface water and wastewater, dogs’ stool, and lettuce samples were collected from the irrigation system in both periods October 2017 and February 2018. Water samples were analyzed for the presence of human AdV (HAdV) and canine AdV (CAV), CPV, total coliforms (TC), and Escherichia coli; lettuce for AdV; and dog stool for CAV and CPV. Sixty-seven samples were analyzed: dog stool (n = 33); water (n = 10), and root, stem, and leaf (n = 24) originated from eight lettuce samples. Coliforms and E. coli were tested by Colilert and viruses by PCR assays, respectively; and the amplicon was sequenced. E. coli, TC, and viruses were detected in both collections. Viruses were detected in 34.3% of samples, of which HAdV-C was present in 13% of water samples; HAdV-E in 8.7% (water and lettuce); CAV-1 in 13% (dog stool and water); CPV-2a in 56.5% (dog stool). Raccoon CPV-like and AdV not characterized were detected in one wastewater samples and one dog stool, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first description of the presence of Raccoon CPV-like in water and HAdV-E in lettuce in Southern Brazil.
{"title":"Detection of Protoparvovirus in wastewater and human adenovirus in a green leafy vegetable in an Environmental Education Center in southern Brazil","authors":"Leila Elisa Gartner, M. Demoliner, Viviane Girardi, Kelen Gras de Oliveira, F. G. de Souza, A. Henzel","doi":"10.2166/wp.2022.062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2022.062","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The presence of coliforms, Mastadenovirus (AdV), and Canine protoparvovirus (CPV) in an Environmental Education Center, which contains city kennel, was investigated. Surface water and wastewater, dogs’ stool, and lettuce samples were collected from the irrigation system in both periods October 2017 and February 2018. Water samples were analyzed for the presence of human AdV (HAdV) and canine AdV (CAV), CPV, total coliforms (TC), and Escherichia coli; lettuce for AdV; and dog stool for CAV and CPV. Sixty-seven samples were analyzed: dog stool (n = 33); water (n = 10), and root, stem, and leaf (n = 24) originated from eight lettuce samples. Coliforms and E. coli were tested by Colilert and viruses by PCR assays, respectively; and the amplicon was sequenced. E. coli, TC, and viruses were detected in both collections. Viruses were detected in 34.3% of samples, of which HAdV-C was present in 13% of water samples; HAdV-E in 8.7% (water and lettuce); CAV-1 in 13% (dog stool and water); CPV-2a in 56.5% (dog stool). Raccoon CPV-like and AdV not characterized were detected in one wastewater samples and one dog stool, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first description of the presence of Raccoon CPV-like in water and HAdV-E in lettuce in Southern Brazil.","PeriodicalId":49370,"journal":{"name":"Water Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43910017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The scientific construction of the indicator system and the objective evaluation method that apply to the value of water conservancy heritage are of great significance to the promotion and development of water culture and water conservancy heritage conservation. This study constructs an index system for water conservancy heritage value assessment from seven first-level indexes, such as engineering value, economic value, social value, ecological value, artistic value, innovative value and heritage value, builds a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model based on expert knowledge and public perception and carries out empirical evidence with the example of China's Red Flag Canal. The results show that the overall value of the Red Flag Canal was 94.68 points, which reached a high level. The result is consistent with that the Red Flag Canal was successfully declared as the national water conservancy heritage, thus verifying the scientificity and rationality of the index system and the evaluation method constructed by this study.
{"title":"Research on the comprehensive evaluation of the value of water conservancy heritage based on expert knowledge and public cognition: a case study of Red Flag Canal","authors":"Yanrong Wang, Hao Fu, Shujing Zhang, Nilupa Jiapaer","doi":"10.2166/wp.2022.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2022.147","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The scientific construction of the indicator system and the objective evaluation method that apply to the value of water conservancy heritage are of great significance to the promotion and development of water culture and water conservancy heritage conservation. This study constructs an index system for water conservancy heritage value assessment from seven first-level indexes, such as engineering value, economic value, social value, ecological value, artistic value, innovative value and heritage value, builds a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model based on expert knowledge and public perception and carries out empirical evidence with the example of China's Red Flag Canal. The results show that the overall value of the Red Flag Canal was 94.68 points, which reached a high level. The result is consistent with that the Red Flag Canal was successfully declared as the national water conservancy heritage, thus verifying the scientificity and rationality of the index system and the evaluation method constructed by this study.","PeriodicalId":49370,"journal":{"name":"Water Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48848225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We adopted a spectral clustering algorithm to divide the document co-citation network of 1,776 papers in the field of Lancang-Mekong water, and 14 clusters were identified. For each cluster, the top-cited references construct the knowledge base, and the most-coverage cities are taken as the research frontier. Three indicators, namely betweenness centrality, citation burstness strength, and Sigma, were used to identify the research outputs with pioneering and transformative value. The changes in the research topics and hotspots are closely related to the planning, construction, and operation progress of hydropower engineering, that affected by the gaming results of all parties. The 2009–2010 is an important time boundary, with the original research hotspots including the impact of upstream reservoirs on the hydrological regime and sediment (Clu#3) and arsenic contamination of groundwater in the Lower Mekong (Clu#4) that obtained periodical achievements and reached consensus to some extent around 2008, and the new research boom turns to the Tonle Sap Lake and flood pulse (Clu#2) in short-term characterized literatures with the highest burstness strength mainly concentrated around 2012.
{"title":"Retrospecting the researches and efforts on Lancang-Mekong water issues: a bibliometric perspective","authors":"Wenjia Wang, Zhongjing Wang","doi":"10.2166/wp.2022.170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2022.170","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We adopted a spectral clustering algorithm to divide the document co-citation network of 1,776 papers in the field of Lancang-Mekong water, and 14 clusters were identified. For each cluster, the top-cited references construct the knowledge base, and the most-coverage cities are taken as the research frontier. Three indicators, namely betweenness centrality, citation burstness strength, and Sigma, were used to identify the research outputs with pioneering and transformative value. The changes in the research topics and hotspots are closely related to the planning, construction, and operation progress of hydropower engineering, that affected by the gaming results of all parties. The 2009–2010 is an important time boundary, with the original research hotspots including the impact of upstream reservoirs on the hydrological regime and sediment (Clu#3) and arsenic contamination of groundwater in the Lower Mekong (Clu#4) that obtained periodical achievements and reached consensus to some extent around 2008, and the new research boom turns to the Tonle Sap Lake and flood pulse (Clu#2) in short-term characterized literatures with the highest burstness strength mainly concentrated around 2012.","PeriodicalId":49370,"journal":{"name":"Water Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48791063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present study, the meandering behavior of the Barak River (Cachar), Assam was traced. Flow path length, meander neck length, sinuosity index, and river migration were determined segment-by-segment to demonstrate morphological changes. Decadal land-use land cover (LULC) maps were also prepared at the section scale using Landsat data (1990–2020) validated with the Kappa coefficient to characterize changes along alluvial floodplains. Urban growth and agricultural activities affect river morphology, especially where intensive agriculture was recorded, according to LULC studies. Due to urbanization, forestation constantly decreased, causing river variability. According to the results of the present study, river migration is very slow between Sec 1 and Sec 3. In terms of river stability, the parts are more stable, particularly Sec 1, which features less urbanization and agricultural activity than the other sections. The most vulnerable segments within the study area were considered to be Sec 2 and 4. There is a rather large amount of migration within sections, especially segments CC and GG. The river segments became more vulnerable as a new oxbow lake was formed and LULC changed over a decade. This stretch of Barak is characterized by a broad alluvial floodplain and is shifting since this study applies to various meandering types.
{"title":"The influence of urbanization on the morphology of the Barak River floodplain in Cachar District, Assam","authors":"Apurba Nath, Susmita Ghosh","doi":"10.2166/wp.2022.133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2022.133","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the present study, the meandering behavior of the Barak River (Cachar), Assam was traced. Flow path length, meander neck length, sinuosity index, and river migration were determined segment-by-segment to demonstrate morphological changes. Decadal land-use land cover (LULC) maps were also prepared at the section scale using Landsat data (1990–2020) validated with the Kappa coefficient to characterize changes along alluvial floodplains. Urban growth and agricultural activities affect river morphology, especially where intensive agriculture was recorded, according to LULC studies. Due to urbanization, forestation constantly decreased, causing river variability. According to the results of the present study, river migration is very slow between Sec 1 and Sec 3. In terms of river stability, the parts are more stable, particularly Sec 1, which features less urbanization and agricultural activity than the other sections. The most vulnerable segments within the study area were considered to be Sec 2 and 4. There is a rather large amount of migration within sections, especially segments CC and GG. The river segments became more vulnerable as a new oxbow lake was formed and LULC changed over a decade. This stretch of Barak is characterized by a broad alluvial floodplain and is shifting since this study applies to various meandering types.","PeriodicalId":49370,"journal":{"name":"Water Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41884597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article discusses a statistical model to explain the varying performance of water supply schemes under different physical environments in the state of Maharashtra in India, characterized by high spatial and temporal variability in rainfall and climate, and heterogeneity in geological and geomorphological conditions. The factors that enhance the performance of the schemes are effective utilizable recharge rates, extent of surface irrigation, and aquifer storage space. The factors that adversely affect the performance are the extent of the population covered by groundwater-based schemes and irrigation water demand per unit area. Subsequently, the districts in Maharashtra where groundwater-based schemes are likely to succeed were identified. The article also explains the practical and policy relevance of the model results for rural water supply planning.
{"title":"What determines the success of rural water supply schemes? Insights from an assessment in Maharashtra","authors":"Y. Kabir, Anand Ghodke, Saurabh Kumar","doi":"10.2166/wp.2022.180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2022.180","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The article discusses a statistical model to explain the varying performance of water supply schemes under different physical environments in the state of Maharashtra in India, characterized by high spatial and temporal variability in rainfall and climate, and heterogeneity in geological and geomorphological conditions. The factors that enhance the performance of the schemes are effective utilizable recharge rates, extent of surface irrigation, and aquifer storage space. The factors that adversely affect the performance are the extent of the population covered by groundwater-based schemes and irrigation water demand per unit area. Subsequently, the districts in Maharashtra where groundwater-based schemes are likely to succeed were identified. The article also explains the practical and policy relevance of the model results for rural water supply planning.","PeriodicalId":49370,"journal":{"name":"Water Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45905927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gretchen Sneegas, L. Seghezzo, C. Brannstrom, G. Eckstein, W. Jepson
Israel has set ambitious goals in terms of the widespread adoption of desalination and water recycling technologies. Policymakers in Israel consider these technologies as the key to improve urban water security but knowledge of stakeholder views on this policy approach is not well established. We deployed the Q-methodology, a qualitative–quantitative approach, to empirically determine social perspectives on desalination and water recycling across a wide range of stakeholders in the Israeli water sector. We identified the following four distinctive social perspectives: (1) desalination should be the option of last resort; (2) desalination is moving us to an infinite resource; (3) equating savings to resources is a dangerous illusion; and (4) desalination is (risky) electric water. A common characteristic of these perspectives is the belief that desalination is necessary for a water-secure country, but desalination should not be the only source of drinking water in Israel. Our findings indicate that Israeli stakeholders show complex and contingent understandings of the pros and cons of desalination and water recycling and the risks involved in too much reliance on a limited number of water sources. We discuss the potential implications of our findings for water management and security in Israel and other places with water scarcity concerns.
{"title":"Do not put all your eggs in one basket: social perspectives on desalination and water recycling in Israel","authors":"Gretchen Sneegas, L. Seghezzo, C. Brannstrom, G. Eckstein, W. Jepson","doi":"10.2166/wp.2022.085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2022.085","url":null,"abstract":"Israel has set ambitious goals in terms of the widespread adoption of desalination and water recycling technologies. Policymakers in Israel consider these technologies as the key to improve urban water security but knowledge of stakeholder views on this policy approach is not well established. We deployed the Q-methodology, a qualitative–quantitative approach, to empirically determine social perspectives on desalination and water recycling across a wide range of stakeholders in the Israeli water sector. We identified the following four distinctive social perspectives: (1) desalination should be the option of last resort; (2) desalination is moving us to an infinite resource; (3) equating savings to resources is a dangerous illusion; and (4) desalination is (risky) electric water. A common characteristic of these perspectives is the belief that desalination is necessary for a water-secure country, but desalination should not be the only source of drinking water in Israel. Our findings indicate that Israeli stakeholders show complex and contingent understandings of the pros and cons of desalination and water recycling and the risks involved in too much reliance on a limited number of water sources. We discuss the potential implications of our findings for water management and security in Israel and other places with water scarcity concerns.","PeriodicalId":49370,"journal":{"name":"Water Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42509332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This review paper is an attempt to analyze the existing literature on hydro-hegemony (HH) theory, which has emerged to explain transboundary water interactions. The literature highlights that the conventional water interaction literature inadequately deals with three important factors: (i) asymmetric power relations, (ii) varying intensities of conflict, and (iii) the importance of the geographical location of riparian states. Since its emergence, it has evolved both in theory development and in application to transboundary basins. Although, an attempt has been made earlier by Warner et al. (2017) to review, organize, and evaluate the overall literature on HH, the review itself is somehow silent on the hegemonic approaches to assess its contribution to the transboundary water governance literature and to identify the existing and future research gaps. This paper, however, not just addresses these omissions to (i) review the scholarly literature on HH; (ii) explore the challenges associated with power, cooperation, and conflict; and (iii) identify and explore potential trends in HH theory, but it also gives special attention to the hegemonic approaches within states’ boundaries and the ingredients to enrich the theory and research agenda of HH.
{"title":"A review of hydro-hegemony and transboundary water governance","authors":"S. Hayat, J. Gupta, Courtney Vegelin, H. Jamali","doi":"10.2166/wp.2022.256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2022.256","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This review paper is an attempt to analyze the existing literature on hydro-hegemony (HH) theory, which has emerged to explain transboundary water interactions. The literature highlights that the conventional water interaction literature inadequately deals with three important factors: (i) asymmetric power relations, (ii) varying intensities of conflict, and (iii) the importance of the geographical location of riparian states. Since its emergence, it has evolved both in theory development and in application to transboundary basins. Although, an attempt has been made earlier by Warner et al. (2017) to review, organize, and evaluate the overall literature on HH, the review itself is somehow silent on the hegemonic approaches to assess its contribution to the transboundary water governance literature and to identify the existing and future research gaps. This paper, however, not just addresses these omissions to (i) review the scholarly literature on HH; (ii) explore the challenges associated with power, cooperation, and conflict; and (iii) identify and explore potential trends in HH theory, but it also gives special attention to the hegemonic approaches within states’ boundaries and the ingredients to enrich the theory and research agenda of HH.","PeriodicalId":49370,"journal":{"name":"Water Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47272977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed at investigating the applicability of a SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model in understanding the effects of drought on summer maize. A real-time irrigation module was developed for the downstream irrigation area of the Yellow River to estimate the real-time irrigation of crops. By further simulating the dynamic evolution process of soil moisture content, a dynamic drought evaluation model of summer maize was established, and the relative soil moisture was set as the evaluation index to assess and analyze the dynamic variation of drought evolution during the growth of summer maize. The results showed that the improved SWAT model has strong applicability. During the growth of summer maize, the variation trend of drought is consistent with that of natural precipitation. Moreover, drought mainly occurs during the sowing-seedling and seedling-jointing stages, and the average frequency is 84.8 and 78.3%, respectively. Moderate drought is most likely to occur during the growth of summer maize and occurs mainly during the sowing-seedling and seedling-jointing stages, and the occurrence frequency is 55.3 and 32.6%, respectively. Extra-severe drought has the greatest impact, mainly in the jointing-tasseling, tasseling-milking and milking-maturity stages, and the occurrence frequency is 17.4, 15.2 and 10.9%, respectively.
{"title":"Dynamic characteristics of drought conditions during the growth of summer maize","authors":"Bifeng Cui, Jianqing Ma, Lei Liu, X. Hao, Zhirui Song, Cheng Fang","doi":"10.2166/wp.2022.065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2022.065","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study aimed at investigating the applicability of a SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model in understanding the effects of drought on summer maize. A real-time irrigation module was developed for the downstream irrigation area of the Yellow River to estimate the real-time irrigation of crops. By further simulating the dynamic evolution process of soil moisture content, a dynamic drought evaluation model of summer maize was established, and the relative soil moisture was set as the evaluation index to assess and analyze the dynamic variation of drought evolution during the growth of summer maize. The results showed that the improved SWAT model has strong applicability. During the growth of summer maize, the variation trend of drought is consistent with that of natural precipitation. Moreover, drought mainly occurs during the sowing-seedling and seedling-jointing stages, and the average frequency is 84.8 and 78.3%, respectively. Moderate drought is most likely to occur during the growth of summer maize and occurs mainly during the sowing-seedling and seedling-jointing stages, and the occurrence frequency is 55.3 and 32.6%, respectively. Extra-severe drought has the greatest impact, mainly in the jointing-tasseling, tasseling-milking and milking-maturity stages, and the occurrence frequency is 17.4, 15.2 and 10.9%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":49370,"journal":{"name":"Water Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49135525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Conflicts of interest due to cultural, political, and social oversights have threatened effective and efficient corporate water governance in Nigeria. This has affected the inclusive participation of stakeholders, policy makers and the relevant agencies of the water resources management, thus hampering good water governance. Assessing the water governance impacts based on frameworks proposed for effective, efficient and inclusive governance was aimed. Information contributing to the governance input was highlighted by analyzing hydrological units that characterized Nigerian watersheds. Toxicological index (Ti) values were presented as a practical guideline to assessing water policy outcomes. The (Ti) ≥ 1.0 dominated; signifying the water resources exposed to toxic environments. High pollutant loads associated with public health deterioration across Nigeria are considered as impacts indicating lagged water governance. While the lagged governance output manifested in some diseases relating to deficient access to potable water supply/poor sanitation services like Blue baby syndrome, Renal/liver/lung diseases and blood cancer, the outcome showed an absence of health and social wellbeing. These indicators demonstrate the need for incorporating Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Principles on Water Governance in the Nigerian water governance system. Notably, flexibility across all governance levels can enable shared responsibility to balance economic activities with the ecological wellbeing.
{"title":"Water policy reform in the Nigeria water governance system: assessment of water resources management based on OECD Principles on Water Governance","authors":"S. N. Ukpai","doi":"10.2166/wp.2022.135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2022.135","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Conflicts of interest due to cultural, political, and social oversights have threatened effective and efficient corporate water governance in Nigeria. This has affected the inclusive participation of stakeholders, policy makers and the relevant agencies of the water resources management, thus hampering good water governance. Assessing the water governance impacts based on frameworks proposed for effective, efficient and inclusive governance was aimed. Information contributing to the governance input was highlighted by analyzing hydrological units that characterized Nigerian watersheds. Toxicological index (Ti) values were presented as a practical guideline to assessing water policy outcomes. The (Ti) ≥ 1.0 dominated; signifying the water resources exposed to toxic environments. High pollutant loads associated with public health deterioration across Nigeria are considered as impacts indicating lagged water governance. While the lagged governance output manifested in some diseases relating to deficient access to potable water supply/poor sanitation services like Blue baby syndrome, Renal/liver/lung diseases and blood cancer, the outcome showed an absence of health and social wellbeing. These indicators demonstrate the need for incorporating Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Principles on Water Governance in the Nigerian water governance system. Notably, flexibility across all governance levels can enable shared responsibility to balance economic activities with the ecological wellbeing.","PeriodicalId":49370,"journal":{"name":"Water Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44826504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The promotion of water-saving products is one of the vital ways to implement water conservation action, and advertising is a significant way to promote water-saving products. Taking the two-level Supply Chain consisting of a leading manufacturer and a retailer as an example and considering the advertising cost-sharing ratio of the two, as well as the government's R&D subsidies to manufacturers and product subsidies to consumers, this study establishes differential game models in three cases, that is, non-cooperative contract without cost sharing, cooperative contract with cost sharing, and collaborative cooperation contract. Also, numerical simulation is adopted to analyze the sensitivity of important parameters. The results show that the product goodwill and market demand for water-saving products can achieve Pareto optimality under the collaborative cooperation contract. In addition, the cooperative contract with cost sharing can realize Pareto improvement of the optimal benefit of the Supply Chain under certain conditions. Moreover, in the absence of the government's R&D subsidies, the overall benefits can achieve Pareto optimality under the collaborative cooperation contract. This study provides theoretical guidance and reference for the advertising cooperation strategy for the main bodies in the Supply Chain.
{"title":"Research on the optimization of cooperative advertising strategy in the promotion of water-saving products based on differential game","authors":"Peijie Du, Shujing Zhang, Han Wang, Yanrong Wang","doi":"10.2166/wp.2022.076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2022.076","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The promotion of water-saving products is one of the vital ways to implement water conservation action, and advertising is a significant way to promote water-saving products. Taking the two-level Supply Chain consisting of a leading manufacturer and a retailer as an example and considering the advertising cost-sharing ratio of the two, as well as the government's R&D subsidies to manufacturers and product subsidies to consumers, this study establishes differential game models in three cases, that is, non-cooperative contract without cost sharing, cooperative contract with cost sharing, and collaborative cooperation contract. Also, numerical simulation is adopted to analyze the sensitivity of important parameters. The results show that the product goodwill and market demand for water-saving products can achieve Pareto optimality under the collaborative cooperation contract. In addition, the cooperative contract with cost sharing can realize Pareto improvement of the optimal benefit of the Supply Chain under certain conditions. Moreover, in the absence of the government's R&D subsidies, the overall benefits can achieve Pareto optimality under the collaborative cooperation contract. This study provides theoretical guidance and reference for the advertising cooperation strategy for the main bodies in the Supply Chain.","PeriodicalId":49370,"journal":{"name":"Water Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43501181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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