Water poverty is the lived condition households experience when they are struggling, or unable, to afford their water bills. Despite a relatively low public profile, it affected approximately 20% of households in England and Wales in 2020. Currently, as many as 34% of bill payers report struggling to pay fairly frequently. This comprehensive review examines definitions, prevalence and manifestations of water poverty through an analysis of 354 grey and academic documents, dating between 1985 and 2022. Synthesising the literature revealed how water poverty is a structurally-produced problem, reflecting trends in sector governance and wider societal processes. In the 1980 and 1990s, water poverty was characterised by household disconnections, as defaulting customers were considered a drain on the financial health of newly privatised utilities. Owing to civil society opposition, by 2000 water poverty became a technocratic problem of affordability and debt. Despite certain legal protections for vulnerable households, structural drivers of water poverty continued unresolved and rates continued to rise, peaking in 2013/2014. Contemporary discourse emphasises extending availability, accessibility and flexibility of support, but structural drivers remain hidden. It is, therefore, highly questionable whether the water sector in England and Wales can fulfil its commitment to ending water poverty by 2030.
{"title":"Defining and acting on water poverty in England and Wales","authors":"Ruth Sylvester, P. Hutchings, A. Mdee","doi":"10.2166/wp.2023.253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2023.253","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Water poverty is the lived condition households experience when they are struggling, or unable, to afford their water bills. Despite a relatively low public profile, it affected approximately 20% of households in England and Wales in 2020. Currently, as many as 34% of bill payers report struggling to pay fairly frequently. This comprehensive review examines definitions, prevalence and manifestations of water poverty through an analysis of 354 grey and academic documents, dating between 1985 and 2022. Synthesising the literature revealed how water poverty is a structurally-produced problem, reflecting trends in sector governance and wider societal processes. In the 1980 and 1990s, water poverty was characterised by household disconnections, as defaulting customers were considered a drain on the financial health of newly privatised utilities. Owing to civil society opposition, by 2000 water poverty became a technocratic problem of affordability and debt. Despite certain legal protections for vulnerable households, structural drivers of water poverty continued unresolved and rates continued to rise, peaking in 2013/2014. Contemporary discourse emphasises extending availability, accessibility and flexibility of support, but structural drivers remain hidden. It is, therefore, highly questionable whether the water sector in England and Wales can fulfil its commitment to ending water poverty by 2030.","PeriodicalId":49370,"journal":{"name":"Water Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48485440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To what extent do domestic institutions affect the solution of collective action problems in international waters? Dwindling water resources and dire climate change projections make the determination of water rights in international rivers a major source of contention among states. If the states cooperate based on integrated water resource management principles, they could achieve social equity, economic efficiency, and sustainability. Yet, many international rivers remain subject to unilateral exploitation. This paper explores the role of domestic institutions in facilitating the emergence of international water rights. Adopting a political economy approach, it presents a case study analysis of the dispute over the Euphrates and explores the complex interaction of governing institutions in achieving efficient water management. I argue that the solution to the collective action dilemma in water rights is the creation of property rights institutions, which requires high levels of trust and reciprocity among highly motivated actors, who are accountable to their people.
{"title":"Domestic institutions and international collective action problems: International water rights conflicts","authors":"Muserref Yetim","doi":"10.2166/wp.2023.250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2023.250","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 To what extent do domestic institutions affect the solution of collective action problems in international waters? Dwindling water resources and dire climate change projections make the determination of water rights in international rivers a major source of contention among states. If the states cooperate based on integrated water resource management principles, they could achieve social equity, economic efficiency, and sustainability. Yet, many international rivers remain subject to unilateral exploitation. This paper explores the role of domestic institutions in facilitating the emergence of international water rights. Adopting a political economy approach, it presents a case study analysis of the dispute over the Euphrates and explores the complex interaction of governing institutions in achieving efficient water management. I argue that the solution to the collective action dilemma in water rights is the creation of property rights institutions, which requires high levels of trust and reciprocity among highly motivated actors, who are accountable to their people.","PeriodicalId":49370,"journal":{"name":"Water Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46502566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, first, we conducted a case study to understand the spring status in a semi-urban area, then synthesized the knowledge known so far, of nationwide springs status to highlight the current state and future policy and action implications of spring conservation in Nepal. We found that in 72% of the springs of semi-urban areas, the discharge rate has been decreasing over the past decade. In addition, the springs of such areas were exposed to higher contamination of biological pollutants compared with the rural areas. Synthesis of spring research in Nepal shows that springs of Nepal are degrading at an alarming rate where 16% had already dried up and about 60% have declining discharge, mainly due to declining rainfall, haphazard infrastructure development, and excessive spring resource exploitation. In response to the degrading springs and water crisis, several initiatives have been made, yet, they are scattered, focused on limited springs, and not adequate to curb the current rate of spring degradation. We argue that the existing policies that are intended to operate in a top-down approach at the basin and watershed level are not effective in addressing local water issues at the springshed level.
{"title":"The degradation of spring water resources in Nepal: some policy gaps","authors":"Raju Chauhan, Archana Shrestha, Sang-Eun Oh, Anup Gurung","doi":"10.2166/wp.2023.159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2023.159","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this study, first, we conducted a case study to understand the spring status in a semi-urban area, then synthesized the knowledge known so far, of nationwide springs status to highlight the current state and future policy and action implications of spring conservation in Nepal. We found that in 72% of the springs of semi-urban areas, the discharge rate has been decreasing over the past decade. In addition, the springs of such areas were exposed to higher contamination of biological pollutants compared with the rural areas. Synthesis of spring research in Nepal shows that springs of Nepal are degrading at an alarming rate where 16% had already dried up and about 60% have declining discharge, mainly due to declining rainfall, haphazard infrastructure development, and excessive spring resource exploitation. In response to the degrading springs and water crisis, several initiatives have been made, yet, they are scattered, focused on limited springs, and not adequate to curb the current rate of spring degradation. We argue that the existing policies that are intended to operate in a top-down approach at the basin and watershed level are not effective in addressing local water issues at the springshed level.","PeriodicalId":49370,"journal":{"name":"Water Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44469462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nur Aina Bachi ', W. H. M. Wan Mohtar, W. Z. W. Zin, Haruka Takeuchi, Z. Hanafiah
Sustainable water supply is one of the key issues for water resources management. The future demand for clean water is putting pressure on the Malaysian government to find alternative supplies and best management practices in managing water resources, such as the use of reclaimed water. This paper evaluates the perceptions and acceptance of the use of treated water for non-drinking purposes in Malaysia from the responses of 1,004 participants. The results show that age and level of education play an important role in the level of community acceptance. Females tend to be more selective than males in their acceptance to use reclaimed water. To guarantee that the public receives accurate information about reclaimed water, social media can be used for disseminating information, especially to younger generations.
{"title":"Recycled water for non-potable use: understanding community perceptions and acceptance in Malaysia","authors":"Nur Aina Bachi ', W. H. M. Wan Mohtar, W. Z. W. Zin, Haruka Takeuchi, Z. Hanafiah","doi":"10.2166/wp.2023.212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2023.212","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Sustainable water supply is one of the key issues for water resources management. The future demand for clean water is putting pressure on the Malaysian government to find alternative supplies and best management practices in managing water resources, such as the use of reclaimed water. This paper evaluates the perceptions and acceptance of the use of treated water for non-drinking purposes in Malaysia from the responses of 1,004 participants. The results show that age and level of education play an important role in the level of community acceptance. Females tend to be more selective than males in their acceptance to use reclaimed water. To guarantee that the public receives accurate information about reclaimed water, social media can be used for disseminating information, especially to younger generations.","PeriodicalId":49370,"journal":{"name":"Water Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48284969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bruno Emmanuel Musiimenta, M. Tutusaus, K. Schwartz
Integrated asset management (IAM) has been promoted by international agencies and academics as a promising approach for water utilities in developing countries. These IAM frameworks present logical and linear approaches to managing a utility's infrastructure. In this article, we contrast these frameworks with the everyday practice of asset management in seven small towns in rural Uganda. In rural areas of Uganda, utility managers operating and managing assets need to maneuver between political demands, demands from the Head Office, inadequate resources, and limited capacity. As a result, the practice of asset management necessarily deviates considerably from the logical steps identified in many IAM frameworks. Without diminishing the relevance of the more conceptual IAM frameworks, the article suggests that for IAM to become more impactful for practitioners in rural areas and small towns in developing countries, these contextual factors need to be taken into account.
{"title":"The practice of integrated asset management in Ugandan small towns","authors":"Bruno Emmanuel Musiimenta, M. Tutusaus, K. Schwartz","doi":"10.2166/wp.2023.213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2023.213","url":null,"abstract":"Integrated asset management (IAM) has been promoted by international agencies and academics as a promising approach for water utilities in developing countries. These IAM frameworks present logical and linear approaches to managing a utility's infrastructure. In this article, we contrast these frameworks with the everyday practice of asset management in seven small towns in rural Uganda. In rural areas of Uganda, utility managers operating and managing assets need to maneuver between political demands, demands from the Head Office, inadequate resources, and limited capacity. As a result, the practice of asset management necessarily deviates considerably from the logical steps identified in many IAM frameworks. Without diminishing the relevance of the more conceptual IAM frameworks, the article suggests that for IAM to become more impactful for practitioners in rural areas and small towns in developing countries, these contextual factors need to be taken into account.","PeriodicalId":49370,"journal":{"name":"Water Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42685125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel A. Revollo-Fernández, L. Rodríguez-Tapia, C. Medina-Rivas
This study was aimed at analyzing how access to piped and other sources of water is related to the costs incurred by households to access water sources, while also considering income deciles in the analysis. The analysis shows a significant difference in access to water between low-income and high-income households, as well as the impact that this can have in terms of low-income households spending more to gain access to different sources of water. This microlevel analysis demonstrates that the design of public policies for the provision of public services, in this case, access to water, should include a diversified socio-economic component.
{"title":"The high cost of water for Mexico's poorest households","authors":"Daniel A. Revollo-Fernández, L. Rodríguez-Tapia, C. Medina-Rivas","doi":"10.2166/wp.2023.223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2023.223","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study was aimed at analyzing how access to piped and other sources of water is related to the costs incurred by households to access water sources, while also considering income deciles in the analysis. The analysis shows a significant difference in access to water between low-income and high-income households, as well as the impact that this can have in terms of low-income households spending more to gain access to different sources of water. This microlevel analysis demonstrates that the design of public policies for the provision of public services, in this case, access to water, should include a diversified socio-economic component.","PeriodicalId":49370,"journal":{"name":"Water Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41517290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The lowering of the groundwater table caused by increased groundwater use in the dry, Barind region has prompted sustainability concerns. In this study, water-table (WT) scenarios were simulated by the MODFLOW model under different crop rotations in Barind, a dry region of Bangladesh, to examine the effects of crop rotations on groundwater level. The studied crop rotations and recharge conditions were: with existing cropping pattern; 100, 30 and 50% of present Boro rice is replaced by Aus rice; existing cropping pattern, but with reduced recharge to 90 and 80% of present recharge. A calibrated MODFLOW model was used to develop WT scenarios. According to the modeling results, the declination of WT will be lessened and the situation with regard to WT will therefore be improved with the gradual substitution of Boro by Aus and Rabi (30, 50 and 100%). The simulated WT scenario will be useful for policymakers to set policies about cropping patterns or groundwater withdrawal amounts targeting the area's long-term sustainability of groundwater.
{"title":"Assessing the impacts of different crop rotations on groundwater level using MODFLOW in a dry, Barind area of Bangladesh","authors":"Md. Hossain Ali, P. Biswas, M. Zaman, M. Islam","doi":"10.2166/wp.2023.252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2023.252","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The lowering of the groundwater table caused by increased groundwater use in the dry, Barind region has prompted sustainability concerns. In this study, water-table (WT) scenarios were simulated by the MODFLOW model under different crop rotations in Barind, a dry region of Bangladesh, to examine the effects of crop rotations on groundwater level. The studied crop rotations and recharge conditions were: with existing cropping pattern; 100, 30 and 50% of present Boro rice is replaced by Aus rice; existing cropping pattern, but with reduced recharge to 90 and 80% of present recharge. A calibrated MODFLOW model was used to develop WT scenarios. According to the modeling results, the declination of WT will be lessened and the situation with regard to WT will therefore be improved with the gradual substitution of Boro by Aus and Rabi (30, 50 and 100%). The simulated WT scenario will be useful for policymakers to set policies about cropping patterns or groundwater withdrawal amounts targeting the area's long-term sustainability of groundwater.","PeriodicalId":49370,"journal":{"name":"Water Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45738024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Swachh Bharat Mission-Rural (SBM-R) is a flagship programme aimed at ending open defecation in rural India. In this paper, we study institutions and processes using Amartya Sen's conception of justice. We review the outcomes by assessing agencies, actions and processes involved in the implementation of the SBM-R programme. The findings are analysed using the Sanitation Well-being Framework. Sanitation well-being is achieved when an individual is able to experience the sanitation life cycle stages of acceptance, construction, utilisation and maintenance of safe disposal, which are part of the framework. The capability factors grouped under personal, cultural, structural, environmental and service elements of the framework determine the sanitation environment facilitated by the state. Failure in experiencing one of the life stages leads to slippage in sanitation, where people resume open defecation, despite possessing toilets. The paper presents a review of literature on the political, technological and structural issues in programme implementation, followed by an analysis of 42 interviews and 12 focused group discussions of state and non-state actors conducted in rural Shravasti, Uttar Pradesh, India. We found that slippage is prevalent in the field site and identified 26 capability factors (expansion and constraints) that led to slippage in sanitation.
{"title":"Justice and sanitation governance: an enquiry into the implementation of the Swachh Bharat Mission-Rural programme in UP, India","authors":"Kopal Khare, Lavanya Suresh","doi":"10.2166/wp.2023.187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2023.187","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Swachh Bharat Mission-Rural (SBM-R) is a flagship programme aimed at ending open defecation in rural India. In this paper, we study institutions and processes using Amartya Sen's conception of justice. We review the outcomes by assessing agencies, actions and processes involved in the implementation of the SBM-R programme. The findings are analysed using the Sanitation Well-being Framework. Sanitation well-being is achieved when an individual is able to experience the sanitation life cycle stages of acceptance, construction, utilisation and maintenance of safe disposal, which are part of the framework. The capability factors grouped under personal, cultural, structural, environmental and service elements of the framework determine the sanitation environment facilitated by the state. Failure in experiencing one of the life stages leads to slippage in sanitation, where people resume open defecation, despite possessing toilets. The paper presents a review of literature on the political, technological and structural issues in programme implementation, followed by an analysis of 42 interviews and 12 focused group discussions of state and non-state actors conducted in rural Shravasti, Uttar Pradesh, India. We found that slippage is prevalent in the field site and identified 26 capability factors (expansion and constraints) that led to slippage in sanitation.","PeriodicalId":49370,"journal":{"name":"Water Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43081428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For our empirical research, the 2012 implementation of China's National Agricultural Water-Saving Outline serves as a quasi-experiment. In addition, one of the main regions in China for grain production is the Yellow River Basin. Based on this, we utilize a Difference-in-Difference (DID) empirical technique to assess the impact of the agricultural water-saving policy on food security using data from prefectures in China's Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2020. According to the estimated results, grain production has greatly increased as a result of the agricultural water-saving policy. This conclusion still holds when other water-related policies are considered. The agricultural water-saving policy may enhance other input factors in grain production by assuring water demand, which is one possible mechanism of the influence. The empirical results show that the policy indeed increases the water productivity in agricultural production, which will ensure the effective water utilization in agricultural production, and the grain sown area, which is the most important production factor in agriculture. In heterogeneity analysis, the impact of the policy on food security is the largest in the lower reach, followed by the middle reach and the smallest in the upper reach in the Yellow River Basin.
{"title":"Does agricultural water-saving policy improve food security? Evidence from the Yellow River Basin in China","authors":"Rui Yang, Hang Xu","doi":"10.2166/wp.2023.217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2023.217","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 For our empirical research, the 2012 implementation of China's National Agricultural Water-Saving Outline serves as a quasi-experiment. In addition, one of the main regions in China for grain production is the Yellow River Basin. Based on this, we utilize a Difference-in-Difference (DID) empirical technique to assess the impact of the agricultural water-saving policy on food security using data from prefectures in China's Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2020. According to the estimated results, grain production has greatly increased as a result of the agricultural water-saving policy. This conclusion still holds when other water-related policies are considered. The agricultural water-saving policy may enhance other input factors in grain production by assuring water demand, which is one possible mechanism of the influence. The empirical results show that the policy indeed increases the water productivity in agricultural production, which will ensure the effective water utilization in agricultural production, and the grain sown area, which is the most important production factor in agriculture. In heterogeneity analysis, the impact of the policy on food security is the largest in the lower reach, followed by the middle reach and the smallest in the upper reach in the Yellow River Basin.","PeriodicalId":49370,"journal":{"name":"Water Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43721484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urban water infrastructure (UWI) in cities faces enormous pressure to cope with increased water demands, handle extreme events and improve the service with minimum resource consumption and environmental impacts. The current study presents an approach for addressing the challenges in UWI, specifically in water supply and sewerage. The article argues a need for a paradigm shift that simultaneously includes the sustainability and resilience aspects throughout the life cycle of UWI. The article further highlights the issues in the prevailing approach of centralized infrastructure and demonstrates the necessity of moving away from such an approach and shifting towards decentralized infrastructure. Understanding the factors accelerating decentralization to attain a paradigm shift to decentralization is necessary. Hence, the study first identifies the drivers of decentralization. Secondly, the need for an appropriate scale to be considered while implementing decentralized UWI is highlighted in this study. Furthermore, the effect of the scale of infrastructure is discussed through the trade-offs between life-cycle costs, ease of governance, resilience and recycling benefits. The approach of scaled decentralization outlined in the study will be useful for developing countries to plan new infrastructure and also for developed countries to replace the ageing UWI to create future sustainable and resilient urban systems
{"title":"Need to adopt scaled decentralized systems in the water infrastructure to achieve sustainability and build resilience","authors":"P. Kalbar, S. Lokhande","doi":"10.2166/wp.2023.267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2023.267","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Urban water infrastructure (UWI) in cities faces enormous pressure to cope with increased water demands, handle extreme events and improve the service with minimum resource consumption and environmental impacts. The current study presents an approach for addressing the challenges in UWI, specifically in water supply and sewerage. The article argues a need for a paradigm shift that simultaneously includes the sustainability and resilience aspects throughout the life cycle of UWI. The article further highlights the issues in the prevailing approach of centralized infrastructure and demonstrates the necessity of moving away from such an approach and shifting towards decentralized infrastructure. Understanding the factors accelerating decentralization to attain a paradigm shift to decentralization is necessary. Hence, the study first identifies the drivers of decentralization. Secondly, the need for an appropriate scale to be considered while implementing decentralized UWI is highlighted in this study. Furthermore, the effect of the scale of infrastructure is discussed through the trade-offs between life-cycle costs, ease of governance, resilience and recycling benefits. The approach of scaled decentralization outlined in the study will be useful for developing countries to plan new infrastructure and also for developed countries to replace the ageing UWI to create future sustainable and resilient urban systems","PeriodicalId":49370,"journal":{"name":"Water Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47991217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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