Growing recognition of the health-supporting functions of urban green spaces (UGS) has not been matched by sufficient attention to young working adults in China, who remain underrepresented in both research and planning practices. Their limited engagement with UGS raises important considerations for social health, for which prosocial behavior is a key indicator. This study employs both variable-centered and person-centered approaches to investigate how the frequency and duration of UGS use are associated with prosocial behavior, with a focus on the mediating role of sense of control. A sample of 568 participants completed standardized measures of UGS use, sense of control, and prosocial behavior. Variable-centered analyses showed that both frequency and duration were positively associated with prosocial behavior, and that sense of control mediated these associations, with frequency additionally showing a direct association with prosocial behavior. Person-centered analyses revealed three user profiles: Daily Green High-Control Users (74.4 %), Deep Green High-Control Users (13.3 %), and Occasional Green Low-Control Users (12.3 %). The first two groups exhibited significantly higher prosocial behavior than the third. These findings suggest that users who engage infrequently and for short durations demonstrate lower prosocial tendencies, whereas infrequent users showed higher prosocial behavior only when their visits were relatively long. Overall, frequency showed a stronger association with prosocial behavior than duration. UGS planning aimed at promoting social health among young working adults in China should prioritize strategies that facilitate more frequent engagement, rather than focusing exclusively on lengthening individual visits. This study contributes novel insights into optimizing UGS utilization to enhance social well-being in this key population.
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