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Vegetation and management under the urban shadow: Key filters for mammal communities in forest parks 城市阴影下的植被和管理：森林公园哺乳动物群落的关键过滤器

IF 6.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2026.129313

Liu Yuhan , Zhong Weiliang , Chen Yilin , Jin Minli , He Yunhe , He Shunyun , Xu Xi

Urban forest parks are critical refuges for biodiversity within rapidly urbanizing landscapes. To identify key community drivers, we integrated one-year infrared camera trapping (54 cameras) with vegetation surveys (42 plots) across four parks along an urbanization gradient in northern Zhejiang, China. We recorded 20 wild mammal species from 7 orders and 10 families. Using a multi-scale analytical framework, we performed separate Redundancy Analyses (RDA) at the community-structure, order, and family levels. The results revealed a hierarchy of scale-dependent environmental filters. Vegetation integrity was the strongest filter for overall community structure (23.4% variance explained, p = 0.004), while the urbanization gradient (UG) acted as a significant, independent constraint, showing a strong negative correlation with species richness (r = -0.649, p = 0.002). At finer taxonomic scales, bamboo cover filtered order-level composition (26.3%, p = 0.006), and topography (slope & elevation) drove family-level distribution (22.5% & 9.8%, p = 0.016 & 0.048). The endangered Black Muntjac (Muntiacus crinifrons) was only detected in sites with dense understory, underscoring fine-scale habitat complexity as a critical refugium. Our findings demonstrate that in these resilient, human-tolerant assemblages, biodiversity is filtered through a cascade of processes: local habitat quality sets the primary template, upon which regional urbanization exerts an additional, broad-scale constraint. Consequently, effective conservation requires a two-scale strategy: landscape planning to mitigate the pervasive pressure of the urbanization gradient, and local actions to protect topographic refugia and actively restore vegetation structural complexity. This scale-explicit framework provides a mechanistic basis for managing biodiversity in urbanizing forest ecosystems.

城市森林公园是快速城市化景观中生物多样性的重要避难所。为了确定关键的社区驱动因素，我们在浙江省北部沿城市化梯度的4个公园中，将54台红外相机捕获与42个样地的植被调查相结合。共记录到野生哺乳动物7目10科20种。使用多尺度分析框架，我们分别在社区结构、秩序和家庭层面进行了冗余分析（RDA）。结果揭示了一个依赖于尺度的环境过滤器的层次结构。植被完整性是整体群落结构的最强过滤器（23.4%方差解释，p = 0.004），而城市化梯度（UG）是一个显著的独立约束，与物种丰富度呈强负相关（r = -0.649,p = 0.002）。在更精细的分类尺度上，竹覆盖过滤了目级组成（26.3%,p = 0.006），地形（坡度和海拔）驱动了科级分布（22.5%和9.8%,p = 0.016和amp； 0.048）。濒临灭绝的黑麂（Muntiacus crinifrons）仅在林下茂密的地点被发现，强调了精细尺度的栖息地复杂性作为一个关键的避难所。我们的研究结果表明，在这些有弹性的、人类耐受的组合中，生物多样性通过一系列过程被过滤：当地栖息地质量设置了主要模板，在此基础上，区域城市化施加了额外的、大范围的约束。因此，有效的保护需要两个尺度的策略：景观规划以减轻城市化梯度的普遍压力，以及当地保护地形避难所和积极恢复植被结构复杂性的行动。这一明确尺度的框架为森林生态系统城市化过程中的生物多样性管理提供了机制基础。

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引用次数: 0

When the city gets too hot: Decline in green space visits under extreme summer temperatures 当城市变得太热：极端夏季温度下绿地访问量的下降

IF 6.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2026.129312

Jiayu Wang , Kota Mameno , Tatsuya Owake , Tetsuya Aikoh , Yasushi Shoji

Ongoing climate change indirectly threatens human well-being by reducing recreational opportunities in urban parks and other green areas. However, few studies have quantified how high temperatures deter visits to green spaces, or how visitor characteristics influence such decisions. To address this gap and inform climate adaptation policies, this study used the stated-preference method to examine residents’ intentions to cancel urban green space visits during periods of high summer temperatures. A binary logit model revealed that temperatures > 26 °C significantly discouraged visits, with over 90 % of respondents canceling at 32 °C. The analysis also identified heterogeneity in preferences; older adults and women were more vulnerable to heat and were more likely to cancel visits at higher temperatures. These findings suggest that reduced green space use under climate change conditions may disproportionately affect vulnerable groups. The findings also highlight the importance of urban planning in addressing social isolation risks by repurposing green spaces for community use during hot months. This study underscores the urgent need for adaptive measures to ensure equitable access to green spaces and their benefits in urban areas.

持续的气候变化减少了城市公园和其他绿地的娱乐机会，从而间接威胁到人类的福祉。然而，很少有研究量化高温是如何阻止人们去绿地的，或者游客的特征是如何影响这种决定的。为了解决这一差距并为气候适应政策提供信息，本研究使用陈述偏好法来研究居民在夏季高温期间取消城市绿地访问的意图。二元logit模型显示，温度>； 26°C显著阻碍访问，超过90% %的受访者在32°C时取消访问。分析还发现了偏好的异质性；老年人和女性更容易受热，更有可能在高温下取消就诊。这些发现表明，在气候变化条件下，绿地使用的减少可能对弱势群体产生不成比例的影响。研究结果还强调了城市规划在解决社会隔离风险方面的重要性，在炎热的月份将绿色空间重新用于社区使用。这项研究强调了迫切需要采取适应性措施，以确保城市地区绿色空间的公平获取及其效益。

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引用次数: 0

Urban heat riskscape and green injustice: A scoping review of health and environmental impacts 城市热风险景观和绿色不公正：健康和环境影响的范围审查

IF 6.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2026.129305

Mirela Beatriz Silva , Adriano Bressane , Ricardo Almendra , Anna Maria Galvão Carneiro Lyra , Vivian Martins Machado

Urban heat intensify health risks and ecological stress, with the greatest burdens falling on populations that lack access to urban green spaces (UGS). While heat exposure is well documented to increase morbidity, mortality, and ecosystem degradation, most studies examine these effects without addressing how unequal UGS provision compounds vulnerability. This scoping review synthesizes peer-reviewed research published between 2015 and 2025 that links urban heat impacts with injustice in green space access. Following Joanna Briggs Institute and PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we identified and analyzed 73 empirical studies across Web of Science, Scopus, and Scientific Electronic Library Online. The evidence shows that older adults, children, migrants, and low-income groups experience disproportionate rates of mortality, cardiovascular and respiratory illness, and thermal stress. Ecological impacts, including canopy loss, biodiversity decline, and weakened climate regulation, were also concentrated in disadvantaged neighborhoods, reinforcing cycles of exposure and vulnerability. These findings position urban heat not simply as climatic processes but as socially structured “riskscapes” that reproduce health inequities and green injustice. Equitable adaptation requires integrating UGS planning with public health priorities and justice frameworks. Research gaps remain, particularly in Global South contexts and in studies capturing the lived experiences of vulnerable groups, underscoring the need for more inclusive and comparative approaches.

城市高温加剧了健康风险和生态压力，其中最严重的负担落在缺乏城市绿地（UGS）的人口身上。虽然热暴露会增加发病率、死亡率和生态系统退化，但大多数研究只考察了这些影响，而没有解决不平等的UGS供应如何加剧脆弱性。这一范围审查综合了2015年至2025年间发表的同行评议研究，这些研究将城市热影响与绿色空间获取的不公正联系起来。根据Joanna Briggs研究所和PRISMA-ScR的指导方针，我们确定并分析了来自Web of Science、Scopus和Science Electronic Library Online的73项实证研究。有证据表明，老年人、儿童、移民和低收入群体的死亡率、心血管和呼吸系统疾病以及热应激率过高。林冠损失、生物多样性下降和气候调节减弱等生态影响也集中在弱势社区，强化了暴露和脆弱性的循环。这些发现不仅将城市热定位为气候过程，而且将其定位为再现健康不平等和绿色不公正的社会结构“风险景观”。公平适应需要将UGS规划与公共卫生优先事项和司法框架结合起来。研究差距仍然存在，特别是在全球南方背景下以及在捕捉弱势群体生活经验的研究中，这突出表明需要采取更具包容性和可比性的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Integrating physical and social variables to enhance understanding of urban forestry key-indicators: Insights from a socio-cultural forest monitoring 整合自然和社会变量加强对城市林业关键指标的理解：来自社会文化森林监测的见解

IF 6.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2026.129311

Boris Salak , Johanna Trummer , K. Tessa Hegetschweiler , Marielle Fraefel , Anne C. Wunderlich , Nicole Bauer , Hartmut Troll , Marcel Hunziker

Urban forests are vital for enhancing urban life, as they provide environmental benefits and support human well-being. They contribute to cleaner air, cooler cities, and mental and physical health. Yet, despite their importance, little is known about how physical forest features and social perceptions interact to shape the attractiveness of these forests for recreation and well-being. This study addresses this gap by integrating ecological and social perspectives in the context of Switzerland. A nationwide survey (n = 3116) was conducted where respondents were asked to map the forest they visited most frequently and to evaluate their recreation experiences. These spatially explicit participatory GIS data were linked with detailed forest inventory information. Distinct statistical models were developed to explain five indicators of forest use and perception: Reported “Visit frequency”, “General visit satisfaction”, “Perceived visual attractiveness”, satisfaction with “Forest care and management”, and “Self-perceived well-being”. The results show that social and cultural variables explain outcomes far better than physical forest characteristics. The explanatory power of the models ranged from 13 to 40 %, with forest meanings, especially personal connection to forests, emerging as the most important factor. Spatial patterns revealed distinct clusters of high and low values across Switzerland. In particular, differences corresponded with well-known language regions, highlighting the influence of cultural context. Physical access factors, e.g., distance to bus stops, were of little relevance. These findings highlight the decisive role of people’s perceptions, meanings, and cultural background in shaping forest-related experiences. They demonstrate that physical features alone cannot explain how forests are valued and used. By combining social and ecological data, this study offers a model for understanding urban forests that can be applied in other regions. It provides evidence that policy and planning must integrate cultural and social dimensions to improve management, enhance recreational value, and strengthen the role of urban forests in supporting well-being.

城市森林对改善城市生活至关重要，因为它们提供环境效益并支持人类福祉。它们有助于更清洁的空气，更凉爽的城市，以及精神和身体健康。然而，尽管它们很重要，但人们对森林的物理特征和社会观念如何相互作用以形成这些森林对娱乐和福祉的吸引力知之甚少。本研究通过在瑞士的背景下整合生态和社会视角来解决这一差距。进行了一项全国性调查（n = 3116），要求受访者绘制他们最常访问的森林地图，并评估他们的娱乐体验。这些空间上明确的参与式GIS数据与详细的森林清查信息相关联。开发了不同的统计模型来解释森林利用和感知的五个指标：报告的“访问频率”、“一般访问满意度”、“感知视觉吸引力”、“森林护理和管理满意度”和“自我感知幸福感”。结果表明，社会和文化变量远比森林的物理特征更能解释结果。这些模型的解释力在13%到40%之间，其中森林的含义，特别是与森林的个人联系，是最重要的因素。瑞士的空间格局显示出明显的高值和低值集群。特别是，这些差异与已知的语言区域相对应，突出了文化语境的影响。实际进出因素，例如到公共汽车站的距离，没有多大关系。这些发现强调了人们的观念、意义和文化背景在形成与森林有关的经历方面的决定性作用。它们表明，仅凭物理特征无法解释森林的价值和利用方式。通过结合社会和生态数据，本研究为理解城市森林提供了一个可应用于其他地区的模型。它提供的证据表明，政策和规划必须整合文化和社会层面，以改善管理，提高娱乐价值，并加强城市森林在支持福祉方面的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Psychological well-being benefits of urban greenness: A mixed methods approach using psycho-physiological indicators and interviews 城市绿化的心理健康益处：使用心理生理指标和访谈的混合方法方法

IF 6.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2026.129307

Qiyan Li , Zhiqiang Feng , Jamie Pearce , Catharine Ward Thompson

Urban green spaces are beneficial for residents’ psychological well-being. Recent studies based on neural experiments have identified correlations between physiological responses and varying urban green environments. However, there is limited research exploring the precise quantitative relationship, leaving uncertainty about the optimal amount of greenery for positive associations on psychological well-being. Moreover, the underpinning interpretations of physiological and psychological indicators are lacking. This study recruited 94 university students in Nanjing, China to conduct a neural-based experiment and investigate the quantitative relationship between different levels of urban greenness and well-being benefits. A mixed methods approach incorporated two physiological measures (electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrodermal activity (EDA)), a self-reported questionnaire (Semantic Differential (SD) scale), and interviews exploring perceptions of street view images with varying levels of greenness. Physiological results showed that mood responses varied when exposed to different levels of greenery, findings which were also reflected in the interview data. Participants preferred urban natural areas with moderate greenery (50–55 %) and high green density spaces (65–70 %) with sufficient sunlight. Environments with better openness, fewer built elements, and straight avenues were also favored. Personal preferences and environmental familiarity influenced responses. This multimethod study demonstrates that the psychological benefits of urban greenery arise from a combination of visual greenness and broader environmental factors, calling for more holistic strategies in urban green planning and design.

城市绿地有利于居民的心理健康。最近基于神经实验的研究已经确定了生理反应与不同的城市绿色环境之间的相关性。然而，探索精确定量关系的研究有限，因此对心理健康的积极关联的最佳绿化数量留下了不确定性。此外，缺乏对生理和心理指标的基础解释。本研究在南京招募了94名大学生进行基于神经网络的实验，探讨不同城市绿化水平与幸福感之间的定量关系。混合方法包括两种生理测量（脑电图（EEG）和皮电活动（EDA）），自我报告问卷（语义差异（SD）量表），以及探索不同绿色水平街景图像感知的访谈。生理结果显示，当暴露在不同程度的绿色植物中时，情绪反应会有所不同，这一发现也反映在采访数据中。参与者更喜欢具有中等绿化（50-55 %）和高绿化密度空间（65-70 %）且阳光充足的城市自然区域。具有更好的开放性、较少的建筑元素和笔直的道路的环境也受到青睐。个人偏好和环境熟悉度影响了反应。这项多方法研究表明，城市绿化的心理效益来自于视觉绿色和更广泛的环境因素的结合，需要在城市绿色规划和设计中采取更全面的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Does urban greenery type matter for self-rated health status? A population-based multilevel study in Finland 城市绿化类型对自评健康状况有影响吗？芬兰一项基于人群的多层次研究

IF 6.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2026.129310

Milena Nevanto , Timo M. Kauppinen , Olle Järv , Mari Vaattovaara , Teemu Kemppainen

While the health benefits of nature are widely studied, a lack of understanding remains of how various green space characteristics in the urban environment are related to health. This study investigated how various green space types and the overall quantity of green spaces are associated with self-rated health status. Green space types were classified into built green spaces, open green spaces, and forests, and into subcategories of these types offering more detailed definitions of green space characteristics. Our study used a cross-sectional survey of 3677 geolocated respondents living in Helsinki, Finland and spatial data on green spaces in the residential environment. These data were analysed with multilevel logistic regression. Good self-rated health was significantly associated with residential green spaces in general and with forests. When a more detailed classification of green space types was used, specifically forests near residential areas and recreational forests were positively associated with self-rated health. None of the built green space or open green space types had statistically significant linear associations with self-rated health. Our study highlights the importance of investigating the functions designed for various green space types in terms of urban health. The findings particularly suggest that residential environment with more forests is associated with better self-rated health and provide new insight into what forest characteristics are related to self-rated health levels in urban settings.

虽然人们对自然对健康的益处进行了广泛的研究，但对城市环境中各种绿色空间特征与健康的关系仍然缺乏了解。本研究调查了各种绿地类型和绿地总量与自评健康状况的关系。绿色空间类型分为建筑绿地、开放绿地和森林，并分为这些类型的子类别，提供了更详细的绿色空间特征定义。我们的研究使用了对居住在芬兰赫尔辛基的3677名地理位置受访者的横断面调查和住宅环境中绿色空间的空间数据。采用多水平逻辑回归对这些数据进行分析。总体而言，良好的自我评价健康与住宅绿地和森林显著相关。当使用更详细的绿地类型分类时，特别是住宅区附近的森林和休闲森林与自评健康呈正相关。人造绿地和开放绿地类型与自评健康没有统计学上显著的线性关联。我们的研究强调了在城市健康方面调查各种绿色空间类型的功能的重要性。研究结果特别表明，拥有更多森林的居住环境与更好的自评健康有关，并为森林特征与城市环境中自评健康水平的关系提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the psychophysiological benefits of a virtual nature walk – A pilot randomized controlled trial 探索虚拟自然散步的心理生理益处-一项试点随机对照试验

IF 6.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2026.129287

Ssu-Yu Yeh , Jay E. Maddock

Urbanization and increased screen time among young adults have contributed to reduced time spent in nature, limiting access to its associated health benefits. Virtual reality (VR) offers a promising solution by simulating nature exposure in controlled environments and may serve as a short-term alternative for individuals with limited access to natural environments. This pilot randomized controlled trial examined the effects of a 10-min walk in a computer-generated urban VR environment featuring either high or low levels of greenness on physiological stress markers, measured through skin conductance levels and blood pressure, and psychological well-being, assessed via self-reported surveys. Of the 134 participants recruited, 131 provided complete survey data, and 121 had complete skin conductance data. No significant between-group differences in physiological or psychological outcomes were found after adjusting for VR presence. However, higher levels of perceived presence were significantly associated with greater subjective vitality and lower post-VR energy levels. Skin conductance levels significantly changed over time within groups but did not differ significantly between groups. Both groups experienced increased fatigue and decreased vitality following VR exposure, though the high-greenness group demonstrated comparatively smaller declines in vitality and slight physiological improvements. These findings suggest that higher levels of virtual greenness may provide modest psychological and physiological benefits by buffering against urban stressors. However, increased fatigue highlights a potential trade-off of immersive VR. Future VR interventions should aim to optimize the balance between immersion and sensory input to maximize health benefits while minimizing discomfort.

城市化和年轻人使用屏幕时间的增加导致在大自然中度过的时间减少，限制了获得相关健康益处的机会。虚拟现实（VR）提供了一个很有前途的解决方案，通过在受控环境中模拟自然暴露，可以作为有限的个人访问自然环境的短期替代方案。这项试点随机对照试验研究了在计算机生成的城市VR环境中步行10分钟对生理应激指标的影响，通过皮肤电导水平和血压来测量，并通过自我报告的调查来评估心理健康。在招募的134名参与者中，131名提供了完整的调查数据，121名提供了完整的皮肤电导数据。在调整虚拟现实存在后，两组之间的生理或心理结果没有显著差异。然而，更高水平的感知存在与更大的主观活力和更低的虚拟现实后能量水平显著相关。皮肤电导水平在组内随时间发生显著变化，但组间无显著差异。两组都经历了VR暴露后的疲劳增加和活力下降，尽管高绿度组的活力下降相对较小，生理上略有改善。这些发现表明，更高水平的虚拟绿化可能通过缓冲城市压力提供适度的心理和生理益处。然而，疲劳感的增加凸显了沉浸式VR的潜在弊端。未来的VR干预措施应旨在优化沉浸和感官输入之间的平衡，以最大限度地提高健康效益，同时最大限度地减少不适。

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引用次数: 0

How street tree structure modulates thermal comfort during urban heat extremes: Evidence from LiDAR and micrometeorological data 街道树木结构如何调节城市极端高温期间的热舒适：来自激光雷达和微气象数据的证据

IF 6.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2026.129309

Xiangyun Li , Benyao Wang , Yinan Yang , Yixuan Yang , Tao Yu , Kejing Pei , Ying Zhong , Yujing Xie

Extreme heat threatens pedestrian thermal comfort in urban areas, and street trees help mitigate heat stress. However, the mechanisms by which their structural attributes influence pedestrian thermal comfort, especially during extreme heat, are still not well understood. This study assessed how street tree structure alleviates heat stress in a Shanghai community using mobile LiDAR and micrometeorological data from 12 summer days (10:00–15:00) at both the street scale and the individual-tree scale. Statistical analyses, including Partial Correlation, Multiple Regression, and Generalized Additive Models (GAMs), were applied to identify the main drivers of changes in Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET). Results show that street trees significantly reduced air temperature and solar radiation, with solar radiation reduction being more strongly correlated with PET decrease. At both scales, radiation reduction was the dominant driver of improved thermal comfort. Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Crown Projected Area (CPA) were key structural attributes, with optimal shading when LAI ≥ 6 and CPA ≥ 50 m², and their interaction improved model performance (R² from 0.38 to 0.56). Street orientation and tree species had no significant impact. Given that this study focused on a limited number of species within a specific urban context and that the results may vary across spatial scales, our findings suggest that, during extreme heat, street trees enhance pedestrian thermal comfort primarily through shading, with effectiveness largely determined by LAI, CPA, and their interaction. This analysis provides a scientific basis for optimizing street tree design to enhance pedestrian thermal comfort in climate-resilient urban environments.

极端的高温威胁着城市地区行人的热舒适，而行道树有助于缓解热压力。然而，其结构属性影响行人热舒适的机制，特别是在极端高温下，仍未得到很好的理解。本研究利用移动激光雷达和微气象数据，在街道尺度和单株尺度上评估了夏季12天（10:00-15:00）街道树木结构对上海市社区热应激的缓解作用。采用偏相关、多元回归和广义加性模型（GAMs）等统计分析方法，确定了生理等效温度（PET）变化的主要驱动因素。结果表明，行道树显著降低了气温和太阳辐射，其中太阳辐射降低与PET降低的相关性更强。在这两个尺度上，辐射减少是改善热舒适的主要驱动因素。叶面积指数（LAI）和冠投影面积（CPA）是关键的结构属性，当LAI≥ 6和CPA≥ 50 m²时遮阳效果最佳，两者的交互作用提高了模型性能（R²从0.38提高到0.56）。街道朝向和树种对其影响不显著。鉴于本研究关注的是特定城市环境中有限数量的物种，并且结果可能在不同的空间尺度上有所不同，我们的研究结果表明，在极端高温下，行道树主要通过遮阳来增强行人的热舒适性，其有效性主要取决于LAI、CPA及其相互作用。该分析为优化行道树设计以提高气候适应型城市环境中行人的热舒适性提供了科学依据。

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引用次数: 0

The role of visual and acoustical characteristics on forest attractiveness 视觉和听觉特征对森林吸引力的作用

IF 6.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening

Pub Date : 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2026.129306

Johanna Trummer , Jean Marc Wunderli , Beat Schäffer , Marcel Hunziker , Silvia Tobias , Axel Heusser , Christoph Fischer , Tessa Hegetschweiler

Recreational forests play a vital role for human well-being and recreation. Yet, the role of and interplay between visual and auditory environmental characteristics in forest recreation remain underexplored. This study investigates how multisensory characteristics, particularly visual forest characteristics and the local soundscape, influence perceived forest attractiveness, perceived restfulness, and visit frequency aiming to gain a holistic understanding of forest visitors’ multisensory perceptions of recreational environments. Employing a mixed-method approach, we conducted quantitative surveys with a total of 482 participants and recordings of the local soundscape at 20 study sites across Switzerland's lowlands with high recreational demand, which represent Swiss National Forest Inventory sample plots. Multilevel regression models combining physical forest data, acoustic, psychoacoustic and sound categories (e.g., birdsong, road traffic etc.) obtained from recordings, and survey data revealed that personal characteristics and individual soundscape perceptions accounted for the majority of variance for the three investigated variables. Notably, natural auditory stimuli such as birdsong enhanced perceived visual attractiveness, while anthropogenic sounds (e.g., helicopters, road traffic) significantly diminished restfulness and reduced visit frequency. Ground vegetation features, such as moss and ferns, also positively influenced perceptions, while dense understory and deadwood had negative impacts. The results highlight the importance of subjective, multisensory experience (e.g., perceived soundscape quality) over environmental characteristics and external sounds in shaping forest preferences. The study’s findings further emphasize the importance of integrating soundscape considerations into forest planning to maintain and enhance restorative qualities, as well as the need for holistic, multisensory strategies in recreational forest management.

休闲森林对人类福祉和娱乐发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，视觉和听觉环境特征在森林游憩中的作用和相互作用仍未得到充分的探讨。本研究旨在探讨多感官特征，特别是森林视觉特征和当地声景，如何影响森林吸引力感知、宁静感知和访问频率，以全面了解森林游客对休闲环境的多感官感知。采用混合方法，我们对482名参与者进行了定量调查，并在瑞士低地的20个研究地点记录了当地的声景，这些地点代表了瑞士国家森林调查样本地。结合从录音中获得的森林物理数据、声学、心理声学和声音类别（如鸟鸣、道路交通等）以及调查数据的多层次回归模型显示，个人特征和个人声景观感知是三个调查变量的主要方差。值得注意的是，自然的听觉刺激，如鸟鸣，增强了感知的视觉吸引力，而人为的声音（如直升机，道路交通）显著减少了安宁，减少了访问频率。地面植被特征，如苔藓和蕨类植物，也会对感知产生积极影响，而茂密的林下植被和枯木则会产生负面影响。结果强调了主观、多感官体验（例如，感知音景质量）在塑造森林偏好方面的重要性，而不是环境特征和外部声音。研究结果进一步强调了将声景观考虑纳入森林规划的重要性，以保持和提高恢复质量，以及在休闲森林管理中需要整体的、多感官的策略。

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引用次数: 0

A new red-edge near-infrared index for accurate urban vegetation delineation in high-density built environments 高密度建筑环境下城市植被精确圈定的新红边近红外指数

IF 6.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2026.129300

Ruyi Wang , Yue Chang , Jixian Zhang , Xiaoping Lu , Zhili Feng

Urban vegetation is critical for climate regulation, ecological resilience, public mental health, and sustainable urban development. However, accurate delineation of vegetation within densely built environments remains challenging due to significant spectral confusion with impervious surfaces. To address this limitation, we introduce the Red-Edge Near-Infrared Urban Artificial Interference-Resistant Index (RENIUAI), a geometrically interpretable vegetation index derived from the Red Edge Ⅰ/Ⅱ-Near Infrared spectral space of Gaofen-6 (GF-6) imagery. By exploiting red-edge bands and calculating the signed Euclidean distance to an optimized decision boundary, RENIUAI enhances the separability of vegetation from spectrally similar non-vegetation surfaces. When incorporated as an explicit input into a UNet+ + deep learning segmentation framework, RENIUAI facilitates multiscale feature extraction and improves boundary fidelity, particularly for narrow, fragmented, and shadowed vegetation patches. Experiments conducted in the Jinshui District of Zhengzhou City, China, validated against high-resolution Gaofen-2 (GF-2) imagery, demonstrate that the RENIUAI-UNet+ + framework achieves an Overall Accuracy of 92.61 %, an F1-score of 0.8916, a Kappa coefficient of 0.8356, and a vegetation IoU of 0.8200. This performance surpasses traditional indices, such as NDVI, RVI, and DVI, by up to 4.31 % points while reducing false positives in impervious areas by over 60 %. Spatially, the framework generates more coherent vegetation maps, supporting the reliable estimation of key ecological indicators, including green coverage ratio, patch connectivity, and fragmentation metrics. By providing ecologically interpretable, transferable, and policy-relevant vegetation information, this study offers a robust and easily deployable tool for urban greening assessment, ecological planning compliance, and sustainable land-use management in rapidly urbanizing regions.

城市植被对气候调节、生态恢复力、公众心理健康和城市可持续发展至关重要。然而，由于不透水表面的显著光谱混淆，在密集建筑环境中准确描绘植被仍然具有挑战性。为了解决这一限制，我们引入了红边近红外城市人工抗干扰指数（RENIUAI），这是一个几何可解释的植被指数，来源于高分6号（GF-6）影像的红边Ⅰ/Ⅱ-近红外光谱空间。RENIUAI通过利用红边带并计算到优化决策边界的带符号欧几里得距离，增强了植被与光谱相似的非植被表面的可分性。当将RENIUAI作为显式输入纳入UNet+ +深度学习分割框架时，RENIUAI有助于多尺度特征提取并提高边界保真度，特别是对于狭窄，碎片化和阴影植被斑块。在郑州市金水区进行的高分辨率高分2号（GF-2）影像验证实验表明，reniai - unet + +框架的总体精度为92.61 %，f1得分为0.8916，Kappa系数为0.8356，植被IoU为0.8200。该性能优于传统指标，如NDVI， RVI和DVI，高达4.31%，同时将不透水区域的误报率降低了60% %以上。在空间上，该框架生成了更连贯的植被图，支持对关键生态指标的可靠估计，包括绿色覆盖率、斑块连通性和碎片化指标。通过提供生态可解释、可转移和与政策相关的植被信息，本研究为快速城市化地区的城市绿化评估、生态规划合规和可持续土地利用管理提供了一个强大且易于部署的工具。

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引用次数: 0