Urban parks generate multiple health and social benefits but crime can undercut these gains by deterring visits. Existing evidence rarely traces how specific crime types and timing influence daily foot-traffic, or whether impacts differ by neighbourhood socio-demographics. This study quantifies the short, medium, and long-term effects of family violence, non-family violent and non-family non-violent crime on park visitation in a mid-sized, data-rich city. Police NIBRS incidents from 2019 were spatially joined to SafeGraph and Advan mobile-device visits for 208 Austin, Texas parks using a 0.25-mile buffer. Daily visitor counts were regressed on 7, 30, and 60-day crime lags with park-by-date fixed effects, weather, and amenity controls. Interaction terms tested moderation by block-level income, race, and age. We explored heterogeneity descriptively but focus the modeling on offense-specific, time-windowed associations. Each additional non-family violent incident in the prior week predicts 1.5 fewer visitors per park-day. The 30-day violent-crime coefficient is approximately 2 visitors, implying a persistent though modest decline; the 60-day effect is not significant. Family violence and non-violent offenses show no aggregate effects across windows. Collectively, the results provide offense‑specific, time‑sensitive evidence on when violent‑crime exposure most depresses park use, introduce a replicable park‑day lagged crime‑exposure measure transferable to other cities, and offer practice‑ready guidance for targeting operational responses and inclusive programming during the short‑to‑medium windows when impacts are strongest.
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